藥箱（駁八十異端） 第 1 章 第 34/82 段

Afterward he came to Capernaum and did other works, as we have often said, and going up again to Nazareth, he read the book of the prophet Isaiah.

For which reason they said, 'Do here also the signs which we have heard you did in Capernaum.'

And afterward, having come again to Capernaum, he crossed from there to the lake, or rather the Sea of Gennesaret, and then finally chose Peter and those with him, and thus from there proceeded to the whole completion of his preaching.

For according to the sequence, as we have said, after the forty days and the other two weeks and two days at Nazareth, there occurred, in relation to John, a first day and the following day.

Then, having returned from there to Nazareth and remained from the tenth hour until evening, and on the next day going out and meeting Philip -- this making two days -- the Gospel further shows the unshaken precision of its account by these first two days during which he stayed there when he came, saying: 'On the third day there was a wedding in Cana of Galilee,' which was a symbol of the Church.

...after the Passion, having risen, he was joined in marriage to Cana.

For Cana is interpreted 'she who has acquired.'

But who is 'she who has acquired' but the heiress concerning whom the psalmist spoke in the fifth psalm, 'On behalf of her that inherits,' and so forth? For this marriage is truly blessed indeed, having taken its occasion from that type.

For there, indeed, was a physical marriage in Cana of Galilee, and water truly became wine.

And he was invited for two purposes: so that, by means of the wedding, he might restrain toward moderation and gravity the wateriness of those in the world who revel like Bacchants, and so that he might set right what was lacking, unto gladness, through wine that dissolves grief and through grace; and that in every way he might stop the mouths of those who rise up against the Lord, and that he might show that he himself is God together with the Father and his Holy Spirit, supplying water to the vine and giving it its color within itself as wine, for the gladness of mankind.

But in another place we have discussed these things at greater length; here, however, I have run through the matter merely as a digression.

Nevertheless, the Savior keeps two Passovers after the beginning of his preaching, and suffers at the third, so that what I have already stated in detail concerning the days, months, and consulships may be confirmed.

And thus the erroneous argument of these men has utterly collapsed on every side, since the Gospels are in harmony with one another, and neither of the evangelists says anything contrary to the other.

But I shall return again to the matter at hand.

Again Luke states, bearing witness to what I have said in various parts and in various ways, that this took place 'on the second-first sabbath,' in order to show that the 'first' sabbath is the one established and spoken of by the Lord from the beginning, at the creation of the world, which, recurring in a cycle of seven days from that time until now, constitutes the 'first.'

But the 'second' sabbath is the one appointed by the Law.

For it says: 'You shall take for yourself a yearling lamb, without blemish, a male' -- which was the antitype of the Savior -- 'from the tenth day of the month, and it shall be kept until the fourteenth, and you shall sacrifice it in the evening of the fourteenth day.'

'And it shall be for you a sabbath, a holy day, and you shall eat unleavened bread for seven days, and you shall keep the seventh day holy.'

And observe that this holy day of the lamb, though sanctified as a sabbath, is called the 'second sabbath' after the 'first sabbath' -- whether it should fall on a Sunday, a Monday, or a Tuesday.

But once it has cycled round again through seven days, it is called 'first' a second time, in order to show from this that not only John indicated the period of two years and three feasts of Passover, but Luke and the others as well.

For thus the Law says: 'You shall count for yourself seven weeks from the beginning of putting the sickle to the standing grain to reap, and you shall keep the seventh week as a holy day of the Lord' -- indicating Pentecost.

For after sacrificing the Passover, within three days -- that is, three days after the lamb -- the Law commanded the sheaf to be brought in, so as to signify the blessed sheaf being raised from the dead after the third day: the earth bringing it forth, and he himself being carried up from it again in the resurrection from the tomb, and remaining with the disciples the forty days, and at the completion of Pentecost offering it up to the Father in the heavenly places.

The firstborn of the firstborn, the holy firstfruit, the sheaf that was grasped from Mary, the armful embraced in God, the fruit of the womb, the firstfruit of the threshing floor.

For after Pentecost the sickle no longer offers a firstfruit to God.

For the Lord no longer dies; death no longer has dominion over him, according to what is written.

And you see how many mysteries of God the Law prefigured, and the Gospel fulfilled.

And where might we fail to demonstrate the clarity of these things? But so as not to extend the discourse too broadly, we must turn back again to the sequence of the argument.

For after the forty-day temptation, John, and Luke, and all the evangelists recount all these things.

Yet again such men are not ashamed to arm themselves against what has been said by the holy John, supposing that they might somehow be able to overturn the truth, not knowing that they are arming themselves rather against themselves than against sound teaching.

And against the Apocalypse they say the following, mocking it thus:

'What good,' he says, 'does the Apocalypse of John do me, telling me about seven angels and seven trumpets?' -- not knowing how necessary and beneficial such things are for the correctness of the preaching.

For whatever things in the Law and the Prophets were dark and enigmatic, these the Lord, through the Holy Spirit, arranged to reveal to his servant John for our salvation, proclaiming in this book, in a spiritual and manifest manner, the very things that were dark there; and in this way he administered the same things to us spiritually.

And at that time he constructs the tabernacle from skins, the skins being dyed red and hyacinth-blue and so forth, in order to show that tabernacle there to be a tabernacle indeed, yet awaiting the most perfect tabernacle of Christ.

For skin comes from a body, being dead, as a shadow of a living body, in order to show that the tabernacle of God is bodies;

for since God tabernacles in holy bodies, the saying is fulfilled that 'I will tabernacle among them and walk among them'

Some error, then, was bound to arise among the faithful had not the book been revealed to us spiritually, so that we might learn that there is no need of trumpets, but might know that the whole dispensation of God is spiritual, lest we take it after the manner of the Jewish trumpets of bronze or silver, but might understand spiritually that the church's proclamation is from heaven, as he also said elsewhere, 'in that day they shall sound with the great trumpet'

For the prophets were trumpets, and the great trumpet is the holy voice of the Lord in the gospel

For this reason it was also given to angels to reveal it to us;

'For the trumpet will sound,' he says, 'and the dead will be raised'

But if the trumpets of the angels are mocked by you, O these men, on account of its being written in the Apocalypse, then the trumpet spoken of by the holy apostle is likewise mocked;

'For the Lord himself,' he says, 'will descend from heaven at the last trumpet, and the dead will rise on the last day at the voice of an archangel'

Since Paul, then, is in harmony with the holy apostle John in the Apocalypse, what objection remains? And how will not every error at once be refuted, since God has given testimony in each instance on behalf of the saints?

Then again some of them seize upon this very saying in the same Apocalypse and, raising objection, assert that it also says:

'Write to the angel of the church that is in Thyatira' - and yet there is no church of Christians in Thyatira

How then could he write to what does not exist? And such men are found †compelling themselves† to confess the truth out of the very things they preach

For if they say, 'There is now no church in Thyatira,' they thereby show that John had prophesied it beforehand

For when the Phrygian sectarians settled there and, like wolves, seized upon the minds of the guileless faithful, they carried the whole city over into their own heresy; and those who deny the Apocalypse campaigned at that time to overturn this very saying

But now, for Christ's sake, in this present time, after a span of 112 years, the church exists there and is growing, even though certain others also happen to be there;

but at that time the whole church was emptied out into the Phrygian heresy

for ninety-three years, since the church there was about to go astray and be dissolved into the Phrygian heresy

For thus the Lord immediately refutes them in the Apocalypse, saying, 'Write to the angel of the church in Thyatira:'

'These things says he who has eyes like a flame of fire, and whose feet are like burnished bronze;'

'I know your works, and your faith and love and service, and that your last works exceed the first'

'But I have this against you, that you tolerate the woman Jezebel, who calls herself a prophetess, teaching and leading my servants astray to eat food sacrificed to idols and to commit fornication'

'And I gave her time to repent, and she is unwilling to repent of her fornication'

Do you not see, O these men, that he speaks concerning the women deceived by a conceit of prophecy and who deceive many? I mean Priscilla and Maximilla and Quintilla, whose deception did not escape the notice of the Holy Spirit, but was foretold prophetically by the mouth of holy John before his death, when he prophesied in the times of Claudius Caesar or even earlier, when he was on the island of Patmos;

For they themselves also confess that these things were fulfilled at Thyatira

So then, he wrote by prophecy to those who at that time were living there as citizens in Christ, that a woman was going to call herself a prophetess

And so the argument devised on every side and raised up against the truth has collapsed, since the word concerning the Apocalypse is shown to be prophetic, truly from the Holy Spirit

But the same men again puff themselves up in mind, hunting endlessly after phrases, so that they may seem to reject the books of the holy apostle - I mean of that same John, both the gospel and the Apocalypse, and perhaps even the epistles;

For these too are in harmony with the gospel and the Apocalypse; and they say that he wrote, 'I saw, and he said to the angel:'

'Loose the four angels who are bound at the Euphrates'

'And I heard the number of the army: myriads of myriads and thousands of thousands; and they were clothed with breastplates of fire and of brimstone and of hyacinth'

For such men supposed that the truth might somehow perhaps be a laughable thing

For if he speaks of the four angels seated at the Euphrates, it is in order to show the distinctions among the nations settled there upon the Euphrates, namely the Assyrians, Babylonians, Medes, and Persians

For the nations have been appointed under angels, as Moses, the holy servant of God, testifies for me, expounding the matter in due sequence and saying, 'Ask your father, and he will declare it to you; your elders, and they will tell you:'

'When the Most High divided the nations, when he scattered the sons of Adam, he set the boundaries of the nations according to the number of the angels of God;'

'And the Lord's portion became his people Jacob, Israel the allotted line of his inheritance'

If, then, the nations are appointed under angels, he rightly said:

'Loose the four angels who are at the Euphrates' - who are evidently stationed and restrained from permitting the nations to go to war, until the season of the Lord's patience, until he commands that vengeance be executed through them on behalf of his saints

For the appointed angels are held back by the Spirit, having no opportunity for an incursion, because the sentence releasing them - so that the rest of the nations may be let loose on account of the outrage done to the saints - has not yet been carried out

But such angels will be loosed and will come upon the earth, as John prophesies, and the rest of the prophets;

For indeed, when the angels are set in motion, they set the nations in motion for an assault of vengeance

And that he meant breastplates of brimstone and fire and hyacinth, let no one doubt

for those nations have their clothing of just such coloring

which is the wool called quince-yellow so named; and by 'fiery' he means the scarlet garments, and by 'hyacinth' he means to indicate the turquoise wool

But these men, not having received the Holy Spirit, are being judged in spiritual matters, not understanding the things of the Spirit, and wishing to speak against the words of the Spirit, and not knowing the gifts that are in the holy church, which the Holy Spirit truly and steadfastly, with careful attention and a sound mind, related through the holy prophets and the holy apostles;

among whom holy John also, through the gospel and the epistles and the Apocalypse, out of that same holy gift imparted to the holy church

And the saying reaches even to them, that to him who blasphemes against the Holy Spirit it will not be forgiven, neither in this age nor in the age to come

For indeed these men have made war against the very words spoken by the Spirit

Now having said such and so many things against this heresy, and judging that to be sufficient, and having trampled underfoot, by the power and truth of God, this many-legged creeping thing called a centipede or millipede - small indeed in strength and in the pain of its venom, yet many-footed and elongated in appearance - let us go forward again, beloved, to what follows, with the power of God

Against the Adamians: heresy 32, but 52 in the overall sequence

They call a certain animal that burrows down in the earth the mole, a four-footed creature that breaks through the ground and has its dwelling in the deepest recesses of it

The whole animal is about the size of a small puppy, having the same rounded bulk of stature, and it has no sight whatsoever

Being a destructive creature, it uproots from below all the crops cultivated by men, especially all the cucumber-plants, and the pungent plantings of onions and garlic, bulbs and the like, lilies and others

But if, while digging unnoticed, it happens to come out above the ground into the open air, or is caught and hunted down by men, it provides an occasion of ridicule for all who have hunted this creature

So also I myself am attempting to speak concerning the heresy now in hand, how blind and foolish it is at heart, and works desolation for itself, and cuts away its own footing from below, and works ruin on many roots - I mean the men who have fallen into it

But if it should ever happen to be closely observed by the intelligent, it provides no ordinary laughter;

just as the aforementioned animal is mocked on account of its blindness and its lack of sight, and because it cannot find where to make its way back in, so also is this heresy

For they have taken upon themselves the name of Adam

But we say this having heard it by report from many men;

for we have not found it in writings, nor indeed have we ever encountered any such persons

Since, then, many have spoken of it, we have judged it worthwhile to make mention of it as well

Therefore we have also rightly likened it to the aforementioned blind animal, which does not readily appear to men, because it stays hidden in the ground and works its ruin from below

It is utterly laughable, and I had even considered not counting it among the number of heresies at all

But since a report of it exists in the world at all, it will cause the intelligent hearer no distress to know about all the tares sown in the world by the devil

For whether such a sect exists or does not exist, since I have heard it spoken of by many, it has seemed reasonable to me, for the sake of thoroughness, to speak of it as well and not to omit it, even if it has been dissolved and no longer exists

For I do not know with certainty whether it still exists or not

For it holds both things at once, the ridiculous and the lamentable: lamentable, in that the devil has somehow conceived in the minds of men the idea of mocking the creature formed by God; ridiculous, concerning those who neither see rightly nor have devised anything intelligent

For first they say that such people build their churches - or rather, dens and caves, for so I would call the gatherings of these heretics - over heated chambers, and they heat them from below, so that there is warmth to comfort those gathered within the little building

And upon entering, there are certain clothes-keepers stationed at the doors, appointed by them like cloakroom attendants, and each one entering, whether man or woman, undresses outside and enters naked in the whole body, as from the mother's womb; and those who seem to be their leaders and teachers all likewise sit as from the mother's womb, some above and some below, mixed together and scattered about

And they are all, so they claim and boast among themselves, supposedly continent, and virgins as well - in which they deceive themselves;

and they perform both the readings and all their other rites while naked

But if someone seems, as they also say, to have fallen into a transgression, they no longer gather with him;

for they claim that he is Adam who ate of the tree, and they judge that he should be cast out of their church as though from paradise

for they consider their own church to be paradise, and themselves to be those associated with Adam and Eve

By what reasoning then do they heat the little house underneath, so that the cold may not touch them? For Adam and Eve did not have their dwelling in a heated house, nor were they oppressed by any burning heat, nor did cold weigh upon them

But the air was for them most pure, and orderly measured out by God with every good temperament, neither strained by the harshness of cold nor weighed down by the most unpleasant burning heat; rather, the place was arranged with an ambrosial mode of life, made exceedingly well by God, filled with gladness of heart and good living, and, as I said, they were subject neither to chill nor to burning heat

Since these people need such things, their absurdity becomes manifest

Then let us also consider the other point, how their whole error is refuted: that those two were not naked for a single hour only, but continually, and were not ashamed

But for these people, their nakedness is not because they feel no shame, even though they themselves may suppose so, but for the sake of insatiable pleasure, which produces its enchantment through the pupils of the eyes

For that reverence which is praised in all the holy Scriptures has been taken away from them, and truly there is fulfilled what was spoken by the prophet: 'You have gotten a harlot's face; you have become shameless before all.'

but after that hour they clothe themselves outside with garments, and are no longer Adam

For neither did he and his wife immediately have garments provided; rather, first they sewed fig leaves for themselves, and then coats of skin were given to them, and thus, after a long time of their life, the all-various wisdom of God instilled in them the knowledge of clothing

And in every way these people will be shown to be ridiculous, when they say that they are those associated with Adam — thereby lying about themselves and yet at the same time speaking the truth

For that these are not Adam is clear from many proofs, as we have also shown;

but that they are being mocked by the intelligible serpent is evident through their counterfeit posturing, their nakedness, their shame, and their absurdity

It is not worth our while to make much of refuting these people

for the creature that is like them does not need weapons of war or great arms for its destruction

for such a creature is destroyed by a small rod

and often, after being brought out from its den, it is simply left alone and perishes by itself, being laughed at and mocked and unable to find refuge — just as these people too, once caught, are put to shame through their utterly laughable absurdity, their indecent conduct, and the subject matter of their nonsense

a refutation—and for the salvation both of ourselves and of those who read it

Against the Sampsaeans, [Heresy] 33, but 53 in order

There exists a certain sect of Sampsaeans in Peraea, whom we have already mentioned among the other heresies — those also called Elkesaites — a sect existing in the region called Peraea, beyond the sea called the Salt Sea, or the Dead Sea, and in the land of Moab around the torrent Arnon, and beyond, in Ituraea and Nabatitis, as I have already frequently made clear concerning them.

For these people boast that Elxai is their teacher, and moreover that, to this day, there exist two women of his lineage who are worshiped as goddesses, supposedly because they are of blessed seed

This book is also used by the Ossaeans and the Ebionites and the Nazoraeans, as I have already said many times

By their very nature these Sampsaeans derive from it, being neither Christians nor Jews nor Greeks, but simply existing in between, they are nothing

They also claim to have another book, called that of Iexai, the brother of Elxai

They say there is one God, and they supposedly worship him, making use of certain baptisms;

but they adhere to the Jews, though not in all respects

and some of them also abstain from things that have life

and they are ready to die on behalf of those of the lineage of Elxai

And at this time I had heard that one of the women, called Marthous, had died, but Marthana remained, and still does even now, unless she too has died

And whenever such women went out somewhere, crowds would follow them, taking the dust from their feet for the sake of healing (as they supposed), and likewise the spittle from their saliva — being greatly deceived — and would use them in amulets and charms

For every error has, first, blindness, and then, empty talk

And such people accept neither the prophets nor the apostles, but everything among them has been falsified

Water is honored among them, and they regard it virtually as a god, claiming that life comes from it

They confess Christ in name, but consider him a creature, and one who appears at various times

and that he was first formed in Adam, and that he puts off the body of Adam and puts it on again, whenever he wishes

and that he is called Christ, and that the Holy Spirit is his sister, existing in female form, each of them — both Christ and the Holy Spirit — having a height of ninety-six miles, and a breadth of twenty-four, and many other absurdities

But since I have already, many times, in discussing other heresies, set forth the refutations concerning these matters;

therefore I did not consider it necessary to spend much effort on their overthrow by refutation, since we have already worked on Elxai himself, or rather Elxai, and those who came from him, in the other previously indicated heresies;

for it is evident to all that such a man, and the heresy derived from him, has gone astray

So then, having struck the sun-lizard with the rod of the hope of Christ and of the cross, let us proceed to what follows

For it is fitting to make use of the very riddle contained in the name by which these people, too, named themselves, in order to express their counterfeit appellation

For 'Sampsaeans' is interpreted as 'Sun-people';

which is why we also mentioned the creature

for people call this lizard by that name, the 'sun-lizard'

But this heresy is worse than the lizard, not even possessing the least bit of its usefulness

for that creature, having grown dim-sighted, in time recovers its sight through a turning toward the sun;

for pressing itself into a den facing the east, and fasting, and gazing toward the east, it puts off its dim-sightedness;

But this heresy, I say, possesses in every respect the foolishness of the creature, yet not even a little of its praiseworthy quality

Thus then, this heresy too — called by us the sun-lizard — having been trampled underfoot by the truth, let it remain as it is, prevailing nothing against the truth of God;

but let us, as we said, press on to the others

Against the Theodotians, [Heresy] 34, but 54 in order

[This man] belonged to the aforementioned irrational heresy, the Alogi, which denies the Gospel according to John and the Word — God existing in the beginning — proclaimed therein, as well as his Revelation; but he also associated with and coexisted alongside the other previously mentioned heresies, and succeeded them in time; from him those called Theodotians take their name

And whether the heresy still exists we do not know, but we will relate what has come down to us from writings

This Theodotus came originally from Byzantium, which is now called Constantinople

a tanner by trade, but a man of much learning in speech

This man, together with several others, when a persecution arose (I cannot say in which persecution), was arrested by the ruler of the city along with a number of others, and was examined together with the rest on account of Christ. Now all the other servants of God, having carried off the victory, obtained heavenly prizes, having borne witness for Christ; but this man, having denied Christ and having fallen away from the mark of the truth, came to be in a state of transgression, and being reproached by many because of his great shame, fled from his own homeland, and having gone up to Rome, resided there

But being recognized by those in Rome, he there again fell under the same reproach, because he was accused by those who knew him, on account of his great learning — that, being a man of much learning, he had fallen away from the truth

And so, as a wicked defense of himself, he devised this new doctrine, saying, 'I did not deny God, but I denied a man'

Then, being asked what man, he answered, saying, 'I denied Christ as a man'

From this point on, he thus formulated a doctrine for himself, as did the Theodotians who were established from him, claiming that Christ was a mere man, and that he was born of the seed of a man

Then, for a wicked defense of himself, he gathered together whatever texts he found useful — not with pure intent, but heaping them up upon himself as a pretext for his own deviation — saying, 'For,' he says, 'Christ said:'

'But now you seek to kill me, a man who has told you the truth'

'You see,' he says, 'that he is a man'

But the wretched man did not realize that in that same passage the Lord says, 'the truth which I heard from my Father'

and by 'his Father' he means God;

For if he had heard it from a man, he would not have boasted in the testimony of the truth, saying that he had heard the truth from men;

but in order to signify that he himself is God, begotten from the Father from above, yet became man for our sake and was put to death in the flesh, while ever living in his divinity

Then he says that in denying Christ he did not even commit a sin, since, he says, Christ himself said:

Every blasphemy will be forgiven to men, and whoever speaks a word against the Son of Man, it will be forgiven him;

but whoever blasphemes against the Holy Spirit will not be forgiven him.

And the pitiable man does not know that the Lord, wishing beforehand to secure the salvation of those who once blasphemed him and then turn back to repentance -- so that he might not decree condemnation against them -- pronounces this word in advance, on account of the excess of his gentleness and love for mankind, and because he knew that certain people would in future arise and blaspheme the Holy Spirit, defining it as in the rank of a servant, and as created, and as alien to the essence of God.