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帕拉瑪斯

聖山宣言 第 1 章 第 2/17 段

希臘文原文.142 節.部分字詞可點開查義.本章太長已分段,此段為 1:120–1:261(全章共 2009 節)

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1:120
Ἀλλ οὐδέν ἄτοπον, φησίν, εἴ τις δύο μέν ἀρχάς λέγει, οὐκ ἀντιθέτους μέντοι, ἀλλά τήν ἑτέραν ἐκ τῆς ἑτέρας, ὡς καί Γρηγόριος θεολόγος περί τοῦ Υἱοῦ φησιν, ἐκ τῆς ἀρχῆς ἀρχή˙οὕτω γάρ πάλιν μία ἔσται ἀρχή καί τό τῆς μοναρχίας δόγμα περισώζεται
他說:「但若有人講論『兩個本源』,這也沒甚麼荒謬——只要不是相對立的,乃是一個出於另一個,正如神學家貴格利論到子時也說『本源出於本源』;因為這樣便仍只有一個本源,而『一原(君權獨一)』的教義也得以保全。」
'But there is nothing absurd,' he says, 'if one speaks of two principles — yet not opposed ones, but the one from the other, as Gregory the Theologian also says of the Son, the principle from the principle; for thus again there will be one principle, and the doctrine of the monarchy is preserved.'
1:121
Πρός λέγομεν ἡμεῖς, ὅτι καί Θεόν ἐκ Θεοῦ φαμεν, ἀλλ οὐ δύο ποτέ θεούς
對此我們說:我們也說「神出於神」,卻從不說「兩位神」。
To which we say: we too say 'God from God,' yet never two Gods.
1:122
Ἄλλως τε τό δημιουργικόν ταύτης σημαινούσης τῆς ἀρχῆς οὐ δύο μόνον ἄν εἴποι τις, εἰ καί μή καλῶς, ἀλλά καί πλείους
再者,當這「本源」是指那創造的能力時,人甚至可以說(雖然並不恰當)不止兩個、乃是更多個。
Besides, when this 'principle' signifies the creative [power], one might say not only two — even if not rightly — but even more.
1:123
Τρισυπόστατος γάρ αὕτη ἀρχή˙ φύσει δέ οὖσα καί κοινή ἐστι˙ κοινήν δέ οὖσαν πῶς οὐκ ἄν ἔχοι καί τό Πνεῦμα ταύτην τήν ἀρχήν;
因為這「本源」是三位格的;既是按本性的,便也是共有的;既是共有的,聖靈又怎能不也擁有這本源呢?
For this principle is tri-hypostatic; and being by nature, it is also common; and being common, how could the Spirit too not possess this principle?
1:124
Καί τῷ Ἰώβ δέ προσδιαλεγόμενος ὑπέρ τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ δικαιοσύνης Ἐλιούς, Πνεῦμα, λέγων, Κυρίου τό ποιῆσάν με οὐ ποιητικήν ἀρχήν τό Πνεῦμα λέγει;
還有,那位與約伯對話、為神的公義辯護的以利戶,說「主的靈造了我」,他豈不是稱聖靈為一個創造的本源麼?
And does not Elihu, who in discourse with Job spoke on behalf of God's justice, saying, 'The Spirit of the Lord is that which made me,' call the Spirit a creative principle?
1:125
Καί θεῖος ᾠδικός Δαβίδ, λόγῳ μέν Κυρίου τούς οὐρανούς στερεωθῆναι ψάλλων, Πνεύματι δέ τάς τῶν οὐρανῶν δυνάμεις οὐχ ὥσπερ τῷ Υἱῷ, οὕτω καί τῷ Πνεύματι, τήν δημιουργικήν ἀρχήν προσμαρτυρεῖ;
還有那位屬神的詩人大衛,歌唱說「諸天藉主的話而立、天上的萬象藉祂的『氣(靈)』而成」,他豈不是把那創造的本源歸給聖靈,與歸給子毫無二致麼?
And the divine psalmist David, singing that by the word of the Lord the heavens were established and by the Spirit the hosts of the heavens — does he not attribute the creative principle to the Spirit no less than to the Son?
1:126
Εἰ τοίνυν διά τό γεγράφθαι ἐκ τῆς ἀρχῆς ἀρχή δύο εἰπεῖν ἀρχάς οὐδέν κωλύει κατά σέ, οὐκοῦν καί διά τό γεγράφθαι καί τό πνεῦμα ποιητήν, δύο ποιητάς εἰπεῖν οὐδέν κωλύει˙ἤ διά τό Λόγῳ Θεοῦ καί Πνεύματι τήν κτίσιν στερεοῦσθαι, ταὐτόδ εἰπεῖν συνίστασθαι, τρεῖς ἀρχάς εἰπεῖν οὐδέν ἄτοπόν ἐστιν
那麼,若因記著「本源出於本源」一語,按你說來就無礙於講論「兩個本源」;那麼,既也記著「聖靈是造作者」,便也無礙於講論「兩個造作者」;或者,既然萬物是藉神的道與靈得以建立——也就是得以成立——那麼講論「三個本源」也就沒甚麼荒謬了。
If, then, because it is written 'the principle from the principle,' nothing hinders, according to you, from speaking of two principles, then neither, because it is written that the Spirit too is a maker, does anything hinder from speaking of two makers; or, because by the Word of God and the Spirit creation is established — that is to say, is constituted — there is nothing absurd in speaking of three principles.
1:127
Ἀλλ οὐδαμοῦ τῶν θεολόγων εἶπέ τις οὔτε δύο οὔτε τρεῖς
然而眾神學家中,無論誰,都從未說過「兩個」或「三個」。
But nowhere did any of the theologians speak of either two or three.
1:128
Ὥσπερ γάρ Θεόν ἑκάστην τῶν τριῶν προσκυνητῶν ἐκείνων ὑποστάσεών φαμε καί Θεόν ἑκατέραν ἐκ Θεοῦ, ἀλλ οὐ παρά τοῦτο τρεῖςἤ δύο ποτέ θεούς, οὕτω καί ἀρχήν ἐξ ἀρχῆς φαμεν, ἀλλ οὐ δύο ποτέ ἀρχάς˙ δευτέραν γάρ ἀρχήν οὐδέπω καί τήμερον ὑπό τῶν εὐσεβῶν ἀκηκόαμεν, ( σελ
因為正如我們稱那三個可敬的位格各為「神」,又稱其中各位為「神出於神」,卻從不因此說有「兩位」或「三位神」,照樣我們也說「本源出於本源」,卻從不說「兩個本源」;因為我們從虔敬之人那裡,直到今日也未曾聽過有「第二個本源」——
For just as we call each of those three adorable hypostases 'God,' and each of them 'God from God,' yet not on this account two or three Gods ever, so too we say 'principle from principle,' yet never two principles; for a second principle we have not, even to this day, heard from the devout —
1:129
) ὥσπερ οὐδέ θεόν δεύτερον
正如也未曾聽過有「第二位神」。
just as neither a second God.
1:130
Ἀλλ εἷς ἡμῖν Θεός καί μοναρχία τό προσκυνούμενον, οὐκ ἐκ δύο θεῶν, οὐδ ἐκ δύο ἀρχῶν συνιόντα εἰς ἕν˙ ἐπεί μηδέ κατά ταυτά μεριστόν ἡμῖν τό σεβόμενον
我們所敬拜的,乃是「一位神」、「一原(君權獨一)」——不是由兩位神、也不是由兩個本源合成歸於一的;因為在這些方面,我們所敬奉的對象對我們而言都是不可分割的。
But for us there is one God and one monarchy that is worshipped — not composed of two Gods, nor of two principles coming together into one; since neither in these respects is the object of our worship divisible to us.
1:131
Καί μήν οὐδέ κατά τό αὐτό μερίζεταί τε καί συνάγεται˙ διαιρεῖται μέν γάρ ταῖς ὑποστατικαῖς ἰδιότησι, ταῖς δέ κατά τήν φύσιν ἑνοῦται
並且祂之被「分別」與被「合一」,本不在同一方面:因為祂是藉位格的特性而被分別,又是藉那屬本性的事而被聯合。
And indeed it is not according to the same respect that it is both divided and gathered together; for it is distinguished by the hypostatic properties, but is united by the things pertaining to nature.
1:132
Εἰ γοῦν δύο ἀρχάς εἰπεῖν οὐδέν κωλύει, λοιπόν αὗταί εἰσι, καθ ἅς μερίζεται˙ ἑνωθῆναι τοίνυν αὖθις κατ αὐτάς ἀδύνατον˙ οὐκ ἄρ αἱ δύο μία
那麼,若無礙於講論「兩個本源」,這兩個本源便正是那「使祂被分別」的方面了;既如此,要再按這兩方面把祂聯合便不可能;於是這「兩個」就不是「一個」了。
If, then, nothing hinders speaking of two principles, these, accordingly, are the [respects] by which it is divided; to be united again according to these is therefore impossible; the two, then, are not one.
1:133
Μᾶλλον δέ ἀναλαβόντες καί ἑτέραν ἀρχήν τῷ λόγῳ δόντες τά τῆς μοναρχικωτάτης ἀρχῆς εἰς δύναμιν διατρανώσωμεν, ὡς ἄν φερωνύμως ἔχοντά τε δείξωμεν τόν τῆς θεολογίας ἐπώνυμον καί ἀπελέγξωμεν τούς τοῦ ἑνός ἁγίου Πνεύματος δύο δογματίζοντας ἀρχάς, ὅτι τε τοῦτο δογματίζουσι καί ὅτι οὐ καλῶς
或者,讓我們再取另一論點、姑且為論證而容讓它,竭力把那關乎至為「一原(最具君權)」之本源的諸事說明清楚,好叫我們既顯出那位有「神學家」之稱號者(指拿先斯的貴格利)所持的乃是名實相符的真理,又駁倒那些主張獨一聖靈有「兩個本源」的人——既證明他們確是這樣主張,又證明他們主張得不對。
Or rather, taking up yet another principle and granting it for the sake of argument, let us, so far as we are able, make clear the things pertaining to the most monarchical Principle, that we may both show him surnamed for theology to hold things fitly named, and may refute those who dogmatize two principles of the one Holy Spirit — both that they do dogmatize this, and that they do so wrongly.
1:134
δημιουργική ἀρχή μία ἐστίν, Πατήρ καί Υἱός καί τό Πνεῦμα τό ἅγιον
那創造的本源乃是「一個」:就是父、子、聖靈。
The creative principle is one: the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit.
1:135
Ὅταν οὖν ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ τά ἐκ τοῦ μή ὄντος προηγμένα λέγωμεν, τήν τε ἀγαθότητα, δι ἥν τό εἶναι ἔσχον, καί τήν ἐγγεγενημένην χάριν, ὅθεν ἕκαστον τοῦ εὖ εἶναι καταλλήλως μετεσχήκασι, καί τήν ἐπιγεγενημένην ὕστερον, δι ἥν πρός τό εὖ εἶναι τά διαπεπτωκότα ἐπανῆλθον, ὅταν ταῦτά τε καί περί τούτων ποιώμεθα τούς λόγους, ἀρχήν καί πηγήν καί αἴτιον τόν Υἱόν ἐν ἁγίῳ Πνεύματί φαμεν, οὐχ ἑτέραν ἄπαγε, ἀλλά τήν αὐτήν ὡς τοῦ Πατρός δι αὐτοῦ ἐν ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι καί προάγοντος καί ἐπανάγοντος καί συνέχοντος καλῶς τά πάντα
那麼,每當我們說那從無而被造出的萬物是「從神而出」時——無論是指那叫萬物得著存有的良善,或是那內植〔於萬物〕、使各物按其分得享美好存有的恩典,或是那後來加添、使墮落之物重歸美好存有的恩典——每當我們論及並述說這些事時,我們便說:子在聖靈裡乃是本源、泉源與原因;並非另一個——斷乎不是!——乃是那同一個本源,因為父乃是藉著子、在聖靈裡,既造出、又帶回、又妥善地維繫萬有。
Whenever, then, we say that the things brought forth from non-being are 'from God' — both the goodness through which they obtained being, and the grace implanted [in them], whereby each fittingly partook of well-being, and the [grace] subsequently added, through which the fallen returned to well-being — whenever we make our discourse of these and concerning these, we say that the Son, in the Holy Spirit, is principle and fountain and cause; not another — far from it! — but the same, inasmuch as the Father, through Him in the Holy Spirit, both brings forth and brings back and rightly holds together all things.
1:136
δέ Πατήρ πρός τῷ πηγή τῶν πάντων εἶναι διά τοῦ Υἱοῦ ἐν ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι, καί πηγή καί ἀρχή ἐστι θεότητος μόνος θεογόνος ὤν
但父除了是「藉著子、在聖靈裡」作萬有之泉源以外,還是神格的泉源與本源,因惟有祂是「生神者」。
But the Father, besides being the fountain of all things through the Son in the Holy Spirit, is also fountain and principle of Godhead, being alone God-begetting.
1:137
Καί τοῦτ ἐσμέν εἰδότε κρεῖττονἤ κατά ἀπόδειξιν, διά τῶν θεοπνεύστων λογίων τρανῶς ἐκπεφασμένον
這事我們所知道的,勝過僅憑〔人為的〕論證,因為它已藉那些神所默示的聖言清楚宣明了。
And this we know better than by [mere] demonstration, as plainly declared through the God-inspired oracles.
1:138
Ὅταν οὖν ἀκούσῃς ὅτι Υἱός, ἐκ τῆς ἀρχῆς ἀρχήν ( σελ
那麼,每當你聽見子是「本源出於本源」,
Whenever, then, you hear that the Son is 'the principle from the principle,'
1:139
) καί καλῶν αὐτόν ἀπό γενεῶν ἀρχήν καί μετά σοῦ ἀρχή ἐν ἡμέρᾳ τῆς δυνάμεώς σου, τῶν δημιουργημάτων νόει, καθάπερ καί Ἰωάννης ἀριδήλως ἐν τῇ Ἀποκαλύψει περί αὐτοῦ βοᾷ, ἀρχή τῶν κτισμάτων τοῦ Θεοῦ, οὐχ ὡς καταρχή, ἄπαγε, Θεός γάρ, ἀλλ ὡς δημιουργός αὐτῶν˙ κοινωνός γάρ ἐστι τῆς ἐξ ἧς ταῦτα πατρικῆς ἀρχῆς, καί τῆς πάντων δεσποτείας ἐστίν ἐπώνυμον
以及「那位從歷世歷代稱祂為『本源』的」、又「在祢掌權的日子,本源與祢同在」這些話,都當理解為指著受造之物說的——正如約翰在啟示錄中論到祂時也明明宣告說「神創造萬物之根源」——並不是當作「源始之本源」,斷乎不是(因祂是神),乃是當作萬物的創造主;因祂分有那「萬物由之而出」的屬父之本源,而這本源也正是「統管萬有之主權」的名稱。
and 'He who calls Him from the generations the Principle,' and 'with Thee is the Principle in the day of Thy power,' understand it of the created things — just as John too plainly cries out concerning Him in the Apocalypse, 'the Beginning of the creation of God' — not as a primal source, far from it (for He is God), but as their Maker; for He is partaker of the paternal Principle from which these come, which is also the title of the Lordship over all.
1:140
Τοῦ δέ Πνεύματος τόν Υἱόν ἀρχήν ἐπί τῆς σημασίας ταύτης πῶς ἄν φαίη τις, εἰ μή καί τό Πνεῦμα δοῦλον καί κτιστόν;
但人怎能在這意義上稱子為「靈的本源」呢,除非聖靈也成了僕役與受造之物?
But how could anyone call the Son the principle of the Spirit in this signification, unless the Spirit too were a servant and a creature?
1:141
Ἀλλ ἐπεί Θεός τό Πνεῦμα, οὐκ ἀρχή αὐτοῦ κατά τοῦτο Υἱός, εἰ μή ἄρα ὡς θεότητος ἀρχή
但既然聖靈是神,子在這方面就不是祂的本源,除非是作為「神格之本源」而言。
But since the Spirit is God, the Son is not in this respect His principle, save indeed as principle of Godhead.
1:142
Εἰ δέ τῆς τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος θεότητος Υἱός ἐστιν ἀρχή, κοινωνεῖν δέ κατά ταύτην τήν ἀρχήν τῷ Πατρί ἀμήχανον, μόνος γάρ τεθεολόγηται πηγαία θεότης Πατήρ, ἑτέρας ἄρα διαφόρου τινός θεότητος Υἱός ἐστιν ἀρχή καί διέσπασε τό Πνεῦμα τῆς πηγαζούσης ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός θεότητος
並且,倘若子是聖靈之神格的本源,而在這本源上又不可能與父共有——因為惟獨父被宣認為「源頭性的神格」——那麼子就成了「另一個、不同之神格」的本源,並把聖靈從那由父湧流而出的神格中撕裂出去了。
And if the Son is principle of the Godhead of the Holy Spirit, while it is impossible to share this principle with the Father — for the Father alone is theologized as the fountain-Godhead — then the Son would be principle of some other, different Godhead, and would have torn the Spirit away from the Godhead that wells up from the Father.
1:143
δύο διαφόρους θεότητας δώσωμεν τούτῳ τῷ ἑνί, οἱ καί τοῖς τρισί μίαν ἀνομολογοῦντες θεότητα;
還是我們要把「兩個不同的神格」歸給這「一位」〔聖靈〕呢——我們這些連對三位都只承認「一個神格」的人?
Or shall we assign two different Godheads to this one [Spirit] — we who confess one Godhead even for the three?
1:144
Πῶς δέ καί αἱ δύο κατά Λατίνους τοῦ Πνεύματος ἀρχαί μία ἐστίν ἀρχή;
再者,照拉丁人所說,聖靈的「兩個本源」又怎能是「一個本源」呢?
And how, again, are the two principles of the Spirit, according to the Latins, one principle?
1:145
Οὐ γάρ ἀξιώσουσιν ἡμᾶς πίστει δέχεσθαι τούτων τά προβλήματα, ἀλλά μηδέ σοφιστικῶς ἀποκρινέσθωσαν ἄλλην ἀντ ἄλλης ποιούμενοι τήν ἀπόκρισιν
因為他們總不會要求我們憑信去接受他們的論斷;也不容他們詭辯地作答,答非所問。
For they will not require us to receive their assertions on faith; nor let them answer sophistically, giving one answer in place of another.
1:146
Ἡμῶν γάρ ἐρωτώντων, πῶς δύο κατ αὐτούς τοῦ ἑνός Πνεύματος ἀρχαί, μίαν ἐκεῖνοι διισχυρίζονται τῶν δύο εἶναι τήν ἀρχήν
因為當我們問:照他們所說,獨一之靈怎麼會有兩個本源時,他們卻堅稱那「兩〔位〕」的本源是一個。
For when we ask how, according to them, there are two principles of the one Spirit, they insist that the principle of the two is one.
1:147
Ἡμεῖς δέ οὐ περί τῶν δύο προσώπων ἐρωτῶμεν, ἀλλά περί τοῦ ἑνός˙ περί τούτου γάρ πρός αὐτούς ποιούμεθα τόν λόγον
但我們所問的並不是關乎那「兩個位格」,乃是關乎那「一位」〔聖靈〕;因為我們向他們所論的正是這事。
But we are not asking about the two persons, but about the one [Spirit]; for it is concerning this that we make our argument to them.
1:148
Ὡς ἐπεί τῶν δύο μία ἀρχή καλῶς, πῶς τοῦ ἑνός δύο ἔσονται ἀρχαί καί πῶς αἱ δύο μία κατ αὐτούς;
於是,既然那「兩〔位〕」的本源理當是一個,那麼那「一位」怎會有兩個本源?並且照他們所說,那「兩個」又怎是「一個」呢?
So that, since the principle of the two is rightly one, how will there be two principles of the one, and how, according to them, are the two one?
1:149
Φασίν οὖν, διότι μία ἐστίν ἐκ τῆς ἑτέρας
於是他們說,這是因為其中一個(本源)是出於另一個。
They say, then, that it is because the one is from the other.
1:150
Τί οὖν Σήθ, ἐκ μιᾶς ἄρα γεγέννηται ἀρχῆς, ὅτι Εὔα ἦν ἐκ τοῦ Ἀδάμ, (σελ
那麼塞特又如何?難道他因夏娃是從亞當而出,便照樣是從「一個本源」所生,
What then of Seth? Was he, accordingly, begotten from one principle, because Eve was from Adam,
1:151
) καί οὐ δύο εἰσί τούτου τοῦ ἑνός ἀρχαί, ὅτι μία ἐστιν ἐκ τῆς ἑτέρας;
並且這「一個人」(塞特)便沒有兩個本源,只因其中一個是出於另一個麼?
and there are not two principles of this one [Seth], because the one is from the other?
1:152
Τί δέ Εὔα, οὐ δευτέρα ἀρχή τῶν ἐξ αὐτῆς, ὅτι καί αὐτή τήν ἀρχήν ἔσχεν ἐξ Ἀδάμ;
夏娃又如何呢?她既然自己的起頭也是出於亞當,難道她就不是「從她而出之人」的第二個本源麼?
And what of Eve? Is she not a second principle of those from her, seeing that she too had her beginning from Adam?
1:153
Καίτοι ἀμφοῖν τό γόνιμον αὐτοῖς, ἀλλά διάφορον καί ἐν διαφόροις ὑποστάσεσι˙ διόπερ οὐδέ μία ἐστίν αὗται αἱ ἀρχαί, καθάπερ καί τόν Νύσσης θεῖον πρόεδρον ἀνωτέρω προηνέγκαμεν εἰπόντα, καίτοι μία τούτων ἐστίν ἐκ τῆς ἑτέρας
再者,這生育的能力本是在他們二人裡面的,卻是不同的、且存於不同的位格之中;因此這〔兩個本源〕並不是「一個」,正如我們在上文引述尼撒那位神聖主教所說的——縱然這兩者中的一個是出於另一個。
And yet the generative power is in both of them, but it is different and in different hypostases; wherefore these are not one principle, just as we adduced above the divine prelate of Nyssa as saying — and yet the one of these is from the other.
1:154
Εἰ γοῦν ἐνταῦθα οὗ εἰ καί μή ἕν, ὅμως ἐστί τό γόνιμον ἀμφοῖν, οὐκ ἔνι τοῦ ἑνός μίαν τήν ἀρχήν, πῶς ἐπί τῆς ἀνωτάτου Τριάδος αἱ δύο κατ αὐτούς τοῦ ἑνός ἁγίου Πνεύματος μία εἰσίν ἀρχαί, ἐν μηδαμῶς ἐστι κατά τό θεογόνον κοινωνία;
那麼,若連在這裡——就是那「生育之能雖不為一、卻在二者裡面」的情形——尚且不可能說那「一個後裔」只有一個本源,那麼在那至高三一的事上,照他們所說,獨一聖靈的「兩個本源」又怎能是「一個」呢?何況在三一神裡,按「生神」這一點而言,根本沒有任何相通可言。
If, then, even here, where, though not one, yet the generative power is in both, it is not possible for the one [offspring] to have one principle, how, in the case of the supreme Trinity, are the two principles of the one Holy Spirit (according to them) one — in which there is by no means any communion in respect of God-begetting?
1:155
Πάλιν Εὔα ἐκ μόνου οὖσα τοῦ Ἀδάμ, ἐκ μιᾶς ἐστιν ἀρχῆς˙ δέ Ἀδάμ ἐκ γῆς ἐστιν Ἀλλ, οὐ παρά τοῦτο Εὔα ἐκ τῆς γῆς καί τοῦ Ἀδάμ
再者,夏娃既惟獨出於亞當,便是出於「一個本源」;但亞當卻是出於地——可是夏娃並不因此就是出於「地與亞當」二者。
Again, Eve, being from Adam alone, is from one principle; but Adam is from the earth — yet Eve is not on this account from the earth and from Adam.
1:156
γάρ Ἀδάμ μόνος ἐκ τῆς γῆς
因為惟有亞當是出於地的。
For Adam alone is from the earth.
1:157
τοίνυν καί αὐτοί ἐκ τοῦ Υἱοῦ μόνου λεγέτωσαν τό Πνεῦμα καί οὕτως αὐτό ἐκ μιᾶς ἀρχῆς λεγέτωσαν, ἑαυτοῖς μέν ἀκολούθως ἀλλ οὐκ εὐσεβῶς, οὐ γάρ ἐκ τῆς αὐτῆς ἀφ ἧς καί Υἱός, κἀντεῦθεν πάλιν δύο εἰσίν ἐπί τῆς θεότητος ἀρχαί καί οὐκέτ ἐστί μείζων Πατήρ τῷ αἰτίῳ τοῦ Υἱοῦ, ἐπίσης γάρ καί αὐτός αἴτιος θεότητος, ἐκ μόνου τοῦ Πατρός αὐτό λέγοντες μίαν καί τῷ Πνεύματι ὡς καί τῷ Υἱῷ εὐσεβῶς διδότωσαν ἀρχήν
所以他們要麼也說聖靈是惟獨從子而出,從而說祂是出於「一個本源」——這固然與他們自己的說法前後一致,卻不虔敬(因為靈並非出於那「子由之而出」的同一根源);而由此又再生出神格中有「兩個本源」,且父也不再因「作子之因」而為大,因為子也照樣成了神格之因——要麼就說聖靈是惟獨從父而出,從而虔敬地把「一個本源」歸給聖靈,正如歸給子一樣。
Either, therefore, let them too say that the Spirit is from the Son alone, and thus say that it is from one principle — consistently with themselves, indeed, but not piously (for it is not from the same source from which the Son is); and thence, again, there will be two principles in the Godhead, and the Father will no longer be greater in respect of being cause of the Son, for the Son too is equally cause of Godhead — or, saying that it is from the Father alone, let them piously assign to the Spirit, as also to the Son, one principle.
1:158
Μέχρι γάρ ἄν ἐκ τοῦ Υἱοῦ, ἐξ ἀμφοτέρων λέγωσιν, ἀλλ οὐκ ἐκ μόνου τοῦ Πατρός, οὐκ ἔστι μίαν εἶν αι τῆς θεότητος καί ἑνός Πνεύματος ἀρχήν
因為只要他們說聖靈是從子、或從父子二者而出,而不是惟獨從父而出,那麼神格與獨一之靈就不可能有「一個本源」。
For so long as they say it is from the Son, or from both, but not from the Father alone, it is not possible for there to be one principle of the Godhead and of the one Spirit.
1:159
Συνάπτων γάρ τις ἐπί τῶν τοιούτων, εἰ καί μίαν φαίη τήν ἀρχήν, ἀλλ ὁμονύμως, ὥστ οὐ μία
因為在這類情形中,凡把它們合而為一的人,縱然稱那本源為「一」,也只是用了同名異義的「一」;如此那本源便不是「一」。
For one who joins them together in such cases, even if he should call the principle one, calls it so equivocally; so that it is not one.
1:160
Εἰ δέ διαιρῶν κατά μίαν ὁρᾷ τάς ὑποστάσεις, τῆς μιᾶς ἐξ ἀνάγκης δύο φανερῶς γίνονται ἀρχαί
但他若加以分別、逐一去看那些位格,那麼那「一位」便明顯地必然生出「兩個本源」來。
But if, dividing, he beholds the hypostases one by one, then of necessity two principles of the one manifestly arise.
1:161
Ἐμοίδ ἔπεισι θαυμάζειν καί τό ὑπερβάλλον τῆς ἀνοίας τῶν τάς δύο ταύτας, ἅς φασιν (σελ
我也不禁要詫異那些人何等愚妄之極——他們把自己所稱的這「兩個本源」稱作、並當作「一個」。
It comes upon me to marvel also at the exceeding folly of those who call and suppose these two, which they call 'principles,' to be one.
1:162
) ἀρχάς, μίαν λεγόντων τε καί οἰομένων˙ εἰ μέν γάρ κοινωνεῖ τῷ Πατρί κατά τόν θεογόνον Υἱός προβαλλόμενος τό Πνεῦμα καί ἕν αὐτοῖς τό θεογόνον καί ἐκ τούτων αὕτη πρόοδος, τῆς φύσεως ἄρα τοῦτο καί οὐ δύο εἰσίν ἀρχαί, οὐδ αἱ δύο μία, ἀλλά ἁπλῶς μία, καί ἀπεξένωται τῆς θείας φύσεως αὐτό τό Πνεῦμα, μή καί αὐτό κατά θεογόνον κοινωνοῦν
因為若子在「生神」這一點上、在發出聖靈之事上與父相通,而那「生神之能」在他們裡面是「一個」,那從他們而來的這發出也是「一個」,那麼這便屬乎本性,於是既無「兩個本源」、那「兩個」也不成「一個」,乃單是「一個」——並且聖靈自己反倒被疏離於神聖的本性之外了,因祂自己並不在「生神」這一點上有分。
For if the Son shares with the Father in respect of God-begetting in emitting the Spirit, and the God-begetting [power] is one in them, and so is this procession from them, then this belongs to the nature, and there are not two principles, nor are the two one, but simply one — and the Spirit itself has been estranged from the divine nature, as not itself sharing in respect of God-begetting.
1:163
Εἰ δέ μή κοινωνεῖ Υἱός κατά τοῦτο τό Πατρί, μηδέ ἕν αὐτοῖς τοῦτο τό προβάλλειν, καθ ὑπόστασιν τῷ Υἱῷ πρόοδος τοῦ Πνεύματος˙ διάφορος ἄρα αὕτη τῆς ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός τοῦ Πνεύματος προόδου˙ τά γάρ ὑποστατικά διάφορα
但若子在這一點上不與父相通,那「發出」在他們裡面也不是「一個」,那麼聖靈的發出便是按位格屬於子的了;如此,這發出便與聖靈從父而來的發出有別;因為位格的特性是各不相同的。
But if the Son does not share with the Father in this respect, nor is this 'emitting' one in them, then the procession of the Spirit belongs to the Son hypostatically; this procession, therefore, is different from the procession of the Spirit from the Father; for the hypostatic properties are different.
1:164
Πῶς οὖν μία αἱ διάφοροι ἀρχαί, καί μήν τοῦ μεγάλου Διονυσίου ἐν δευτέρῳ κεφαλαίῳ τοῦ Περί θείων ὀνομάτων λόγου λέγοντος ὅσα ἐστί τοῦ Πατρός καί τοῦ Υἱοῦ, ταῦτα καί τῷ θεαρχικῷ Πνεύματι κοινῶς καί ἡνωμένως ἀνατίθεσθαι, καί τοῦ μεγάλου Βασιλείου ἐν τοῖς πρός Εὐνομιανούς Ἀντιρρητικοῖς αὐτοῦ κεφαλαίοις γράφοντος, πάντα τά κοινά Πατρί τε καί Υἱῷ κοινά εἶναι καί τῷ Πνεύματι;
那麼這些不同的本源又怎能是「一個」呢?——何況那位偉大的丟尼修在他《論神聖名稱》一書第二章中說:凡屬於父與子的,也都當共同地、聯合地歸於那「神聖主治的靈」;而那位偉大的巴西流在他駁斥歐諾米派的諸章中也寫道:凡父與子所共有的,也都是靈所共有的。
How, then, are the different principles one? — and that, when the great Dionysius, in the second chapter of his treatise On the Divine Names, says that whatever belongs to the Father and the Son is to be ascribed commonly and unitedly to the divine-ruling Spirit also; and when the great Basil, in his Refutatory chapters against the Eunomians, writes that all things common to the Father and the Son are common to the Spirit too?
1:165
Εἰ μέν κοινόν ἐστι Πατρί τε καί Υἱῷ τό ἐκπορεύειν, κοινόν ἔσται τοῦτο καί τῷ Πνεύματι, καί τετράς ἔσται Τριάς˙ καί τό Πνεῦμα γάρ ἐκπορεύσει Πνεῦμα ἕτερον
若「發出」是父與子所共有的,那麼它也必是靈所共有的,三一便要成了「四一」;因為靈也要發出另一位靈了。
If the emitting is common to Father and Son, it will be common to the Spirit too, and the Trinity will become a Tetrad; for the Spirit too will emit another Spirit.
1:166
Εἰ δέ μή κοινόν ἔστι κατά Λατίνους τῷ Πατρί καί τῷ Υἱῷ τό ἐκπορεύειν, ὡς τοῦ μέν Πατρός ἐμμέσως κατ αὐτούς, τοῦ δέ Υἱοῦ ἀμέσως ἐκπορεύοντος τό Πνεῦμα, οὕτω γάρ καί ὑποστατικῶς ἔχειν τόν Υἱόν τό προβλητικόν φασιν, οὐκοῦν κατ αὐτούς καί τό δημιουργεῖν καί ἁγιάζειν καί ἁπλῶς ἅπαντα τά φυσικά οὐ κοινά Πατρός τε καί Υἱοῦ, ἐπειδή μέν Πατήρ διά τοῦ Υἱοῦ κτίζει τε καί ἁγιάζει, καί διά μέσου τοῦ Υἱοῦ δημιουργεῖ καί ἁγιάζει, δέ Υἱός οὐ δι Υἱοῦ
但若照拉丁人所說,「發出」不是父與子所共有的——因為照他們所說,聖靈是「藉父間接地、藉子直接地」被發出(因他們就是這樣說子也按位格擁有那發出之能)——那麼照他們所說,「創造」與「成聖」、以及一切屬本性的運作,也就都不是父與子所共有的了;因為父是「藉著子」創造、成聖,是「以子為中介」造作、成聖,而子卻不是「藉著一位子」如此行。
But if, according to the Latins, the emitting is not common to the Father and the Son — inasmuch as the Spirit is emitted, according to them, by the Father mediately but by the Son immediately (for thus they say the Son too possesses the emitting power hypostatically) — then, according to them, the creating and the sanctifying, and simply all the natural [operations], are not common to Father and Son, since the Father creates and sanctifies through the Son, and makes and sanctifies through the Son as intermediary, whereas the Son does not [act] through a Son.
1:167
Τοιγαροῦν κατ αὐτούς ὑποστατικῶς ἔχει τό δημιουργεῖν καί ἁγιάζειν Υἱός˙ ἀμέσως γάρ καί οὐχ ὡς Πατήρ ἐμμέσως˙ καί οὕτω ( σελ
因此照他們所說,子是按位格擁有「創造」與「成聖」的;因為〔他乃是〕直接地、而非像父那樣間接地行;如此一來,
Consequently, according to them, the Son possesses the creating and sanctifying hypostatically; for [He does so] immediately, and not, as the Father, mediately; and thus
1:168
τῶν ὑποστατικῶν διενήνοχεν οὐδέν˙ οὐκοῦν καί φύσις τῆς ὑποστάσεως, ὡς μή τρισυπόστατονἤ τριφυᾶ κατ αὐτούς εἶναι τόν Θεόν
子在位格的特性上便毫無分別了;於是「本性」與「位格」也就毫無分別,以致照他們所說,神便既不是「三位格」、也不是「三本性」了。
He differs in nothing as regards the hypostatic [properties]; and therefore the nature [differs in nothing] from the hypostasis, so that, according to them, God would be neither tri-hypostatic nor tri-natured.
1:169
Εἰδ ἄρα φαῖεν διά τοῦ Πνεύματος τόν Υἱόν δημιουργεῖν καί ἁγιάζειν, ἀλλά πρῶτον μέν οὐ σύνηθες τοῖς θεολόγοις διά τοῦ Πνεύματος τόν Υἱόνἤ τόν Πατέρα δημιουργόν εἶναι λέγειν τῶν κτισμάτων, ἀλλ ἐν ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι
倘若他們接著說:子是「藉著聖靈」創造、成聖的——可是,首先,眾神學家慣常並不說子或父是「藉著聖靈」作受造之物的創造主,乃是說「在聖靈裡」;
And if then they should say that the Son creates and sanctifies through the Spirit — but, in the first place, it is not customary for the theologians to say that the Son or the Father is creator of created things 'through the Spirit,' but rather 'in the Holy Spirit';
1:170
Ἔπειτα πρός τῷ μηδ οὕτω τό ἀνωτέρω δεδειγμένον ἄτοπον αὐτούς ἐκφεύγειν, οὐ γάρ δι Υἱοῦ πάλιν Υἱός ἀναφαίνεται δημιουργός καθάπερ Πατήρ συμβήσεται τούτοις μηδέ κοινόν εἶναι λέγειν καί τῷ Πνεύματι τό δημιουργεῖν καί ἁγιάζειν, ὡς μή δι ἑτέρου, μηδέ ὡς Πατήρἤ καί Υἱός αὐτοῦ ταῦτα ἐνεργοῦντος
其次,他們即使如此也仍逃不掉上文所指出的荒謬——因為子並不像父那樣被顯為「藉著一位子」作創造主——於是他們便要說「創造」與「成聖」也不是聖靈所共有的,因為〔靈〕並非藉著另一位行事,也不像父、甚或子那樣施行這些。
and next, besides their not even thus escaping the absurdity shown above — for the Son is not again revealed as creator 'through a Son,' as the Father is — it will follow for them to say that the creating and sanctifying are not common to the Spirit either, inasmuch as [it acts] not through another, nor as the Father, or even the Son, performs these.
1:171
Κατ αὐτούς οὖν ὑποστατικῶς ἔχει τό Πνεῦμα τό δημιουργεῖν καί ἁγιάζειν, ὡς οὐκ ἐμμέσως καθάπερ Πατήρ κτίζον τε καί ἁγιάζον
那麼照他們所說,聖靈也是按位格擁有「創造」與「成聖」的,因祂並非像父那樣間接地創造、成聖。
According to them, then, the Spirit too possesses the creating and sanctifying hypostatically, as creating and sanctifying not mediately, as the Father does.
1:172
Ἐντεῦθεν δή πάλιν κατ αὐτούς, ταῦτά τε εἶναι καί ἀδιάφορα δείκνυται τοῖς ὑποστατικοῖς τά φυσικά
於是照他們所說,這些事(即那些屬本性的運作)便又被顯為〔屬位格的〕、並與位格的特性毫無分別了。
Hence again, according to them, these things are shown both to be [hypostatic] and to be indistinguishable from the hypostatic [properties] — namely, the natural [operations].
1:173
Εἰ δέ τοῦτο, καί φύσις ταῖς ὑποστάσεσι ταὐτόν τε καί ἀδιάφορον
果真如此,「本性」也就與「位格」相同、毫無分別了。
And if this be so, the nature too is the same as, and indistinguishable from, the hypostases.
1:174
Ἆρ οὐ σαφῶς τῆς ἀνωτέρω Τριάδος ἐκπεπτώκασι καί τῆς ἑνότητος τῆς πίστεως καί τῆς κοινωνίας τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος οἱ ταῦθ οὕτω λέγοντες τε καί φρονοῦντες;
那麼,凡這樣說、這樣想的人,豈不是明顯地離棄了那至高的三一、離棄了信仰的合一、並離棄了聖靈的交通了麼?
Have they not, then, plainly fallen away from the supreme Trinity, and from the unity of the faith, and from the communion of the Holy Spirit — those who thus speak and think these things?
1:175
Ἀλλά γάρ ἐπανέλθωμεν ὅθεν ἐξέβημεν
但讓我們回到先前離題之處。
But let us return to the point from which we digressed.
1:176
Τίς γάρ τό Πνεῦμα τό ἅγιον τήν ὕπαρξιν ἔχειν ἐξ ἀμφοτέρων Υἱοῦ τε καί Πατρός ἀκούωνἤ λέγωνἤ πιστεύων καί παρά μέν τοῦ Υἱοῦ ἀμέσως, παρά δέ τοῦ Πατρός ἐμμέσως καί τά παρ αὐτῶν θρυλλούμενά τε καί περιᾳδόμενα προσεχῆ τε καί ἐφεξῆς καί πόρρω, τίς ταῦτ ἀκούων καί πιστεύων οὐ δύο δοξάσει τοῦ ἑνός Πνεύματος ἀρχάς;
因為凡聽見、或說、或相信聖靈是從父子二者得其存有,且是從子直接、從父間接而來的人,並聽見他們所反覆叨念、傳唱的那些話——「直接的」、「按次序的」、「間接(遠)的」——凡聽見、相信這些事的人,誰能不去榮耀獨一之靈的「兩個本源」呢?
For who, hearing or saying or believing that the Holy Spirit has His existence from both — from the Son and the Father — and from the Son immediately, but from the Father mediately, and [hearing] the things bandied about and chanted by them — 'proximate' and 'in order' and 'remote' — who, hearing and believing these things, will not glorify two principles of the one Spirit?
1:177
Πῶς δέ οὐκ ἄν εἴη Υἱός τῷ Πατρί συναίτιος, εἰ μή μάτην λέγεται καί ἐξ αὐτοῦ;
並且,若說聖靈「也是從子而出」並非虛言,那麼子怎能不成為與父同列的「共同之因」呢?
And how would the Son not be co-cause with the Father, if it is not in vain that the Spirit is said to be 'also from Him'?
1:178
Πῶς δέ οὐκ ἄν τό Πνεῦμα εἴη κτίσμα;
那麼聖靈怎能不成為一個受造之物呢?
And how would the Spirit not be a creature?
1:179
Ἐπί γάρ τῶν κτισμάτων τῷ Πατρί συναίτιος, εἰ μή μάτην λέγεται καί ἐξ αὐτοῦ;
因為在受造之物的事上,〔子〕乃是與父同列的「共同之因」——若說受造之物「也是從子而出」並非虛言。
For in the case of created things, [the Son] is co-cause with the Father — if it is not in vain that they too are said to be 'also from Him.'
1:180
Πῶς δέ οὐκ ἄν τό Πνεῦμα εἴη κτίσμα;
那麼聖靈又怎能不成為一個受造之物呢?
And how would the Spirit not be a creature?
1:181
Ἐπί γάρ τῶν κτισμάτων τῷ Πατρί Υἱός συναίτιος
因為在受造之物的事上,子確是與父同列的「共同之因」。
For in the case of created things the Son is co-cause with the Father.
1:182
) Καί μήν ἐπί τῆς κτίσεως, ἐφ ἧς φανερῶς αἴτιός ἐστι καί Υἱός καί τῷ Πατρί συναίτιος, ὡς ἐκ Πατρός δι αὐτοῦ καί ἐξ αὐτοῦ τό εἶναι λαβούσης, ἀσεβές παντάπασιν εἰπεῖν ὅτι τήν κτίσιν ἐκ τοῦ Υἱοῦ οὐ λέγομεν καί ὅτι τό δημιουργικόν ἰδιότης ἐστί τῆς τοῦ Πατρός ὑποστάσεως
並且在「受造界」的事上——子顯然也是其「因」、是與父同列的「共同之因」,因受造界乃是「從父、藉著子、又出於子」得著存有的——若說「我們不稱受造界為『從子而出』」、又說「創造之能是父之位格的特性」,這話便全然不虔了。
And indeed, in the case of creation — of which the Son too is manifestly cause and co-cause with the Father, since it received its being from the Father through Him and from Him — it is altogether impious to say that we do not call creation 'from the Son,' and that the creative [power] is a property of the Father's hypostasis.
1:183
Τοιγαροῦν εἰ καί τό ἐκπορευτῶς ὑπάρχον Πνεῦμα ἅγιον ἐκ Πατρός δι Υἱοῦ καί ἐξ αὐτοῦ τό εἶναι εἶχεν, οὐκ ἄν ἦν ὅλος εὐσεβοῦς εἰπεῖν, ὡς ἐκ τοῦ Υἱοῦ τό εἶναι τό Πνεῦμα οὐ λέγομεν καί ὡς ἐκπορευτική ἰδιότης τῷ Πατρί μόνῳ πρόσεστιν
照樣,倘若那「藉發出而存有」的聖靈,也是「從父、藉著子、又出於子」得其存有,那麼凡虔敬之人就斷不該說「我們不說聖靈的存有是『從子而出』」、又說「發出的特性惟獨屬於父」了。
Consequently, if the Holy Spirit, which exists by procession, also had its being from the Father through the Son and from Him, it would not be at all the part of a devout man to say that we do not say the Spirit's being is 'from the Son,' and that the property of emitting belongs to the Father alone.
1:184
Ἐπεί δέ οἱ ταῦτα λέγοντες Δαβίδ ἐστιν θεοπάτωρ καί Γρηγόριος Νυσσαέων φανότατος φωστήρ καί Δαμασκηνός θεοφόρος, κατά πᾶσαν ἀνάγκην οἱ συναίτον τῷ Πατρί τόν Υἱόν λέγοντες ἐπί τοῦ παναγίου Πνεύματος καί ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός διά τοῦ Υἱοῦ καί ἐκ τοῦ Υἱοῦ τήν ὕπαρξιν αὐτῷ διδόντες, τοσοῦτον ἀπέχουσι τῆς εὐσεβείας, ὅσον ἀντέχονται ταύτης οἱ προαπηριθμημένοι τῶν ἁγίων καί οἱ τούτοις συνῳδά θεολογοῦντες
但既然說這些話的人乃是神之先祖大衛、尼撒人中最光輝的明燈貴格利、以及那屬神的大馬士革的約翰,那麼凡在至聖之靈的事上稱子為「與父同列之共同之因」、並把祂的存有定為「從父、藉著子、又出於子」的人,他們離虔敬正信有多遠,那前面所列舉的眾聖徒、以及那些與他們同心作神學宣認的人,就持守虔敬正信有多牢。
But since those who say these things are David the God-ancestor, and Gregory the most brilliant luminary of the Nyssaeans, and Damascene the God-bearer, then of all necessity those who call the Son co-cause with the Father in the case of the all-holy Spirit, and who grant Him existence 'from the Father through the Son and from the Son,' are as far removed from true religion as the aforenumbered saints, and those who theologize in concord with them, hold fast to it.
1:185
Καί τοῦτο δέ συνορᾶν τῶν ἀναγκαιοτάτων, ὡς καθάπερ ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός δι Υἱοῦ καί ἐξ Υἱοῦ τήν γένεσιν ἔχοντες ἡμεῖς, Πατέρα καί ποιητήν ὁμοῦ τε καί χωρίς ἑκάτερον ἐπικαλούμεθα καί ἀνομολογοῦμεν, οὕτω καί τοῦ θείου Πνεύματος ὁμοῦ τε καί χωρίς ἑκάτερος Πατήρ ἄν ἐλέγετο καί προβολεύς, εἴπερ ἐκ Πατρός δι Υἱοῦ καί ἐξ Υἱοῦ τήν ὕπαρξιν τό Πνεῦμα εἶχεν
還有這一點也是最緊要當看明的:正如我們既是「從父、藉著子、又出於子」而有生成,便稱呼並承認那位既是「父」、又是「造作者」——既一同、又各自分開——照樣,倘若聖靈果真是「從父、藉著子、又出於子」而有其存有,那麼〔父子〕各位也就都要既被稱為神聖之靈的「父」、又被稱為其「發出者」,既一同、又分開了。
And this too is among the most necessary things to perceive: that just as we, having our generation 'from the Father through the Son and from the Son,' call upon and confess both 'Father' and 'maker' — both together and each apart — so too each [of them] would be called both 'Father' and 'emitter' of the divine Spirit, both together and apart, if indeed the Spirit had its existence 'from the Father through the Son and from the Son.'
1:186
Ἀλλά τά τοιαῦτα πάντα πολυειδῶς συγχέοντα τάς θείας ὑποστάσεις παρίστησι σαφῶς, ὡς οὐχί καί ἐκ τοῦ Υἱοῦ τήν ὕπαρξιν ἔχει τό Πνεῦμα τό ἅγιον
但這一切(拉丁人的說法)既多方混淆了眾神聖位格,便清楚證實:聖靈的存有並不也是出於子的。
But all such things, manifoldly confounding the divine hypostases, plainly establish that the Holy Spirit does not have its existence also from the Son.
1:187
Καί μέν δή, πάντα ὅσα ἔχει Πατήρ, τοῦ Υἱοῦ ἐστι, κατά τόν θεολόγον Γρηγόριον, ἄνευ τῆς αἰτίας
並且,照神學家貴格利所說,凡父所有的,也都是子的,惟有「那作為原因」這一點例外。
And indeed, all things that the Father has are the Son's, according to Gregory the Theologian, save the cause.
1:188
Τοιγαροῦν ἄνευ τῆς αἰτίας καί ἀρχῆς τῆς ἐν Τριάδι νοουμένης θεότητος˙ πάντα οὖν ἔχει Υἱός τοῦ ( σελ
因此,那在三一中所構想的神格之「因」與「本源」,乃是例外的;那麼,子所擁有的乃是父所有的一切,
Consequently, [save] the cause and principle of the Godhead conceived in the Trinity; all things, then, the Son has of
1:189
) τοῦ Πατρός, ἄνευ τοῦ ἀρχή καί αἴτιος εἶναι καί αὐτός τῆς θεότητος τοῦ Πνεύματος
惟有「他自己也作聖靈之神格的本源與原因」這一點例外。
the Father, save His being principle and cause Himself also of the Godhead of the Spirit.
1:190
Ἐκ μόνου ἄρα τοῦ Πατρός ἐκπορεύεται τό Πνεῦμα τό ἅγιον, καθάπερ Υἱός ἐκ μόνου τοῦ Πατρός γεννᾶται, καί προσεχῶς καί ἀμέσως τοῦ Πατρός ἔχεται καθ ὕπαρξιν, καθά καί Υἱός, εἰ καί διά τοῦ Υἱοῦ Πατρός εἶναι Πνεῦμα ἔσχεν, ὡς τοῦ ἐκπορεύοντος ὄντος καί Πατρός
所以聖靈乃是惟獨從父發出,正如子是惟獨從父受生,並且就存有而言,祂是直接而無中介地繫於父,正如子一樣——即使祂是藉著子才成為「父的靈」,因那發出祂的也就是「父」。
From the Father alone, then, does the Holy Spirit proceed, just as the Son is begotten from the Father alone, and proximately and immediately He depends on the Father in respect of existence, even as the Son does — even if He has come to be 'Spirit of the Father' through the Son, inasmuch as the one who emits is also Father.
1:191
Ἐπεί δέ καί δύο ἀνθρώπων μαρτυρία ἀληθής ἐστι κατά τόν τοῦ Κυρίου λόγον, καί διά δύοἤ τριῶν μαρτύρων σταθήσεται πᾶν ρῆμα, καί ἡμεῖς τό νῦν εἶναι τῶν ἄλλων ἀφέμενοι διά τό μῆκος τρεῖς παραστήσομέν σοι μάρτυρας, σαφῶς ἀπαγορεύοντάς σου τήν προσθήκην
既然照主的話「兩個人的見證是真的」,並且「憑兩三個見證,句句都可定準」,我們如今也姑且因篇幅之故撇下其餘的見證,只給你舉出三位見證人,清楚禁止你的增添。
And since the testimony of two men is true, according to the word of the Lord, and 'by two or three witnesses every word shall be established,' we too, leaving aside the others for the present because of their length, will present to you three witnesses, plainly forbidding your addition.
1:192
Καί δή παρίτω πρῶτος καί τῷ χρόνῳ πρότερος Βασίλειος μέγας˙ ἐν γάρ τοῖς Κατ Εὐνομίου κεφαλαίοις, γεννᾷ, φησίν, Θεός οὐχ ὡς ἄνθρωπος, γεννᾷ δέ ἀληθῶς˙ καί τό γεγεννημένον ἐξ αὐτοῦ ἐκφαίνει λόγον οὐκ ἀνθρώπινον, ἐκφαίνει δέ λόγον ἀληθῆ ἐξ αὑτοῦ˙ ἐκπέμπει Πνεῦμα διά στόματος, οὐχ οἷον τό ἀνθρώπινον, ἐπεί μηδέ στόμα Θεοῦ σωματικῶς˙ ἐξ αὐτοῦ δέ τό Πνεῦμα καί οὐχ ἑτέρωθεν
讓那位在時間上也居首的偉大巴西流先出來作見證;因為他在《駁歐諾米》諸章中說:「神生子,並不像人那樣生,卻是真實地生;那從祂所生的,所顯出的不是屬人的話,乃是顯出從祂自己而出的真實的話;祂藉口而發出靈,卻不像人的口,因為神的口也不是肉身的;並且那靈是從祂而出,不是從別處而出。」
And let there come forward first the one who is also first in time, Basil the Great; for in his chapters Against Eunomius he says: 'God begets, not as man does, yet truly begets; and that which is begotten from Him reveals a word not human, but reveals a true word from Himself; He sends forth Spirit through a mouth, not such as the human, since neither is God's mouth bodily; and the Spirit is from Him, and not from elsewhere.'
1:193
Ὁρᾷς ὅτι οὐχ ἑτέρωθεν, ἀλλ ἐκ μόνου τοῦ καί τόν Υἱόν γεννῶντος;
你看見那靈是「不從別處」、乃惟獨從那「也生子」的父而出麼?
Do you see that it is 'not from elsewhere,' but from Him alone who also begets the Son?
1:194
Ὥστε οὐκ ἐκ τοῦ Υἱοῦ τό Πνεῦμα, ἐπεί καί λόγος Υἱός, ἀλλ οὐ στόμα τοῦ Πατρός ἐνταῦθα τῷ μεγάλῳ τεθεολόγηται
如此,那靈便不是從子而出,因為子乃是「道(話)」,而在這裡偉大的〔巴西流〕所宣認的,並不是把子當作父的「口」。
So that the Spirit is not from the Son, since the Son is 'Word,' but is here theologized by the great [Basil] as not being the 'mouth' of the Father.
1:195
Ὅς ἀλλαχοῦ δεικνύς καί τόν λόγον τοῦτον ἐκ τοῦ αὐτοῦ προϊόντα στόματος, εἰ γάρ τό Πνεῦμα μή πιστεύεις, φησίν, ἐκ στόματος Θεοῦ προεληλυθέναι, οὐδ ἄν τόν λόγον πιστεύσεις
他在別處又顯明這「道」也是從那同一個口出來的,說:「因為你若不信那靈是從神的口出來的,你也就不會信那道。」
And elsewhere he shows that this Word too comes forth from the same mouth: 'For if you do not believe,' he says, 'that the Spirit has come forth from the mouth of God, neither will you believe in the Word.'
1:196
Ὁρᾷς σαφῶς ὅτι Λόγος Υἱός, ἀλλ οὐ στόμα τοῦ Πατρός˙ ἐξ οὗ στόματος κατά τόν μέγαν Βασίλειον πρόεισι καθ ὕπαρξιν ὡς τό Πνεῦμα τό ἅγιον;
你豈不清楚看見:子乃是「道(話)」,而非父的「口」——照偉大的巴西流所說,那聖靈就是從這「口」、就存有而言出來的麼?
Do you see plainly that the Son is 'Word,' but not 'mouth' of the Father — that mouth from which, according to the great Basil, [the Spirit] comes forth in respect of existence, as the Holy Spirit?
1:197
Τόν αὐτόν δέ τρόπον καί ἀδελφός αὐτῷ καί ἀδελφά φρονῶν Γρηγόριος ἐν τῷ Περί θεογνωσίας λόγῳ, Πνεῦμα δέ, φησί, τό τῆς πατρικῆς ἐκπορευόμενον ὑποστάσεως
同樣,他的弟兄、所思也與他相和的貴格利,在他《論認識神》的講論中說:「並那聖靈,就是從父的位格發出的。」
And in the same manner his brother, who also thinks brotherly things, Gregory, in his discourse On the Knowledge of God, says: 'And the Spirit, which proceeds from the paternal hypostasis.'
1:198
Τούτου γάρ ἕνεκα καί Πνεῦμα στόματος ἀλλ οὐχί καί τόν () λόγον στόματος Δαβίδ εἴρηκεν, ἵνα τήν ἐκπορευτικήν ἰδιότητα τῷ Πατρί μόνῳ προσοῦσαν πιστώσηται
正因如此,大衛也說了「祂口中的氣(靈)」,卻沒有也說「祂口中的話(道)」,好叫他確證「發出」的特性惟獨屬於父。
For this reason David also said 'Spirit of [His] mouth,' but did not also say 'Word of [His] mouth,' that he might confirm the property of emitting as belonging to the Father alone.
1:199
Μετ αὐτόν τόν ἀψευδῆ τῆς ἀληθείας μάρτυρα, ζῶν φωστήρ γεγονώς Ἀλεξανδρείας Κύριλλος, συμμαρτυρήσων παρελθέτω˙ φησί γάρ ἐν τῷ Περί τῆς ἁγίας Τριάδος˙ αἱ προσκυνηταί τρεῖς ὑποστάσεις γινώσκονται καί πιστεύονται ἐν Πατρί ἀνάρχῳ καί ἐν Υἱῷ μονογενεῖ καί ἐν Πνεύματι ἁγίῳ τῷ ἐκ πορευομένῳ ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός, οὐ γεννητῶς καθάπερ Υἱός, ἀλλ ἐκπορευομένῳ καθάπερ εἴρηται ἐκ μόνου τοῦ Πατρός ὡς ἀπό στόματος, πεφηνότι δέ διά τοῦ Υἱοῦ καί λαλήσαντι ἐν τοῖς ἁγίοις πᾶσι προφήταις τε καί ἀποστόλοις
在他之後,讓那位亞歷山大活著的明燈區利羅,與那不謬之真理的見證人一同出來作見證;因他在《論至聖三一》中說:「那三個可敬的位格,是在那無始的父裡、在那獨生的子裡、並在那從父發出的聖靈裡,被認識、被相信的——這聖靈並非像子那樣藉受生而出,乃是如前所述,惟獨從父、如同從口中發出,卻是藉著子被彰顯,並在眾聖先知與使徒裡說話。」
After him, let the living luminary of Alexandria, Cyril, come forward to bear witness together with that unerring witness of the truth; for he says in his work On the Holy Trinity: 'The three adorable hypostases are known and believed in the Father without beginning, and in the Only-begotten Son, and in the Holy Spirit who proceeds from the Father — not by generation, as the Son, but proceeding, as has been said, from the Father alone, as from a mouth, yet made manifest through the Son and speaking in all the holy prophets and apostles.'
1:200
Καί ἀλλαχοῦ πάλιν˙ οὐχ ὥσπερ Υἱός καί τοῦ Πατρός γεννητῶς οὕτω καί τό Πνεῦμα τό ἅγιον ἀπό τοῦ Υἱοῦ ἐκπορευτῶς, ἄπαγε τῆς βλασφημίας καί πολυθεΐας˙ εἷς γάρ παρ ἡμῖν ἀμφοῖν τοῖς προσώποις αἴτιος καί σύνδεσμος, Πατήρ
他在別處又說:「並非『子怎樣藉受生從父而出,聖靈也照樣藉發出從子而出』——這等褻瀆與拜多神之說斷乎不可!因為在我們這裡,那兩個位格的『因』與『聯繫』乃是一位,就是父。」
And again elsewhere: 'Not as the Son is from the Father by generation, so also the Holy Spirit is from the Son by procession — away with such blasphemy and polytheism! For with us there is one cause and bond of both persons: the Father.'
1:201
Ἆρ ἔστι τρανότερον ἔλεγχον τῆς σῆς δυσσεβείας παρελθεῖν;
還能舉出比這更明確的話來駁斥你的不虔麼?
Is it possible to bring forward a clearer refutation of your impiety?
1:202
Ἀνθρώπῳ μέν οὐκ ἄν ἔδοξεν
在人看來,這似乎是不可能的了。
To a man it would not have seemed [possible].
1:203
Ἀλλά καί τοῦθ ἡμῖν τό Πνεῦμα δέδωκε τόν ἐκ Δαμασκοῦ σοφίσαν Ἰωάννην˙ τό Πνεῦμα γάρ, φησίν οὗτος, τοῦ Υἱοῦ μέν λέγομεν, ἐκ δέ τοῦ Υἱοῦ οὐ λέγομεν˙ δι Υἱοῦ δέ πεφανερῶσθαι καί μεταδιδόσθαι ἡμῖν ὁμολογοῦμεν
但這一點聖靈也賜給了我們——就是藉著那使「大馬士革之人」得智慧的約翰;因他說:「我們說那靈是『子的』靈,卻不說是『從子而出』;倒承認祂是『藉著子』被彰顯、被傳賜給我們。」
But this too the Spirit has given us — John, who made wise the man from Damascus; for he says: We say the Spirit is of the Son, but we do not say from the Son; rather we confess that through the Son He is made manifest and imparted to us.
1:204
Ἀφείς δέ σοι τούς ἄλλους συνείρειν ἐφεξῆς ὅτι πλείστους ὄντας καί σχεδόν ὅσοι τῶν πατέρων οὐδέν ἧττονἤ ζῶντες ἐν τοῖς καθ ἑαυτούς συγγράμμασι λαλοῦσιν, ἐκ τῶν λόγων σου κρινῶ σε˙ πάντως δέ καί Θεός
我且不再為你逐一串列其餘的見證人——他們極多,幾乎與眾教父一樣多,並且他們在自己的著作中說話,毫不亞於他們仍然活著一般——我要憑你自己的話定你的是非;而神也斷然必如此〔審判你〕。
And leaving you to string together in succession the others — who are very many, well-nigh as many as the Fathers, and who speak in their own writings no less than if they were alive — I will judge you out of your own words; and assuredly God too [will judge you].
1:205
Σοῦ γάρ αὐτοῦ λέγοντος ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός καί τοῦ Υἱοῦ ἐκπορεύεσθαι τό Πνεῦμα καί τό μόνων οὐ προστιθεμένου, ἆρ οὐδ ἐκ τούτων μόνων τό Πνεῦμα ἐννοεῖς, οὐδέ συνυπακούεις τό μόνων, κἄν μή συνεκφωνῇς;
因為當你自己說那靈是「從父與子」發出,而又沒有加上「惟獨」時,難道你不正是從這話本身就把那靈領會為「惟獨從這〔父子〕二者」而出,並把「惟獨」一詞一同領會了麼,縱然你沒有把它讀出來?
For when you yourself say that the Spirit proceeds 'from the Father and the Son,' and 'alone' is not added, do you not, even from these words, conceive the Spirit to be from these alone, and understand 'alone' together with it, even if you do not utter it aloud?
1:206
Ἀλλά ζητήσομεν κατά τήν σήν, ἵν οὕτως εἴπω, ( σελ
那麼,我們是否要照你的推理(姑且這樣說)來追問,
But shall we inquire, according to your reasoning, so to speak,
1:207
διάνοιαν, καί ἐκ ἄλλου του ἐκπορεύεσθαι τό Πνεῦμα διά τήν σήν περί τοῦ μόνου ἄγνοιαν;
並〔說〕那靈還另從某個別的〔源頭〕發出,只因你對「惟獨」一詞茫然無知麼?
and [say] that the Spirit proceeds from yet some other [source] as well, because of your ignorance concerning 'alone'?
1:208
Οὐ μήν, ἀλλ ἵνα πάλιν ἐκ τῶν αὐτῶν σοι συσκευάσω τῆς ὡς ἀληθῶς πληγῆς τό ἴαμα καί τῶν δυσσεβῶν ἐκσπάσω καί δογμάτων καί ρημάτων, εἰπέ μοι, βέλτιστε, εἴ τις ἔροιτό σε περί τοῦ Υἱοῦ, ὡς ἐπειδήπερ γέγραπται ὅτι, εἴδομεν τήν δόξαν αὐτοῦ, δόξαν ὡς μονογενοῦς παρά Πατρός, καί ὅτι πιστεύω εἰς ἕνα Υἱόν τόν ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός πρό αἰώνων γεννηθέντα, καίτ ἄλλα ὅσα σοι ἀνωτέρω ἀπηρίθμηται, οἷς οὐ πρόσκειται τό μόνου, ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός καί ἐκ τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος προσθείς φαίης ἄν γεγεννῆσθαι τόν Υἱόν, τοῦτ αὐτό προφασιζόμενος ὅτι μή πρόσκειται τό μόνου;
絕不是;倒不如說,好叫我再從這同樣的話為你調配那醫治你那實在嚴重之傷的良藥,並把你從那些不虔的教義與言辭中拉出來——告訴我吧,至善的人哪,倘若有人就「子」的事問你:既然經上記著「我們見過祂的榮光,正是父獨生子的榮光」,又記著「我信獨一的子,在萬世之先為父所生」,以及上文為你所列舉、其上未加「惟獨」的其餘各話——難道你會加上〔字眼〕,說子是「從父與從聖靈」所生,並以「沒有加上『惟獨』」為這同一個藉口麼?
No indeed; but rather, that I may again from these same things compound for you the cure of your truly grievous wound, and may draw you out of both impious dogmas and words — tell me, O excellent one, if someone should ask you concerning the Son: since it is written, 'We beheld His glory, glory as of the Only-begotten of the Father,' and 'I believe in one Son, begotten of the Father before the ages,' and the other things enumerated above for you, to which 'alone' is not added — would you, adding [it], say that the Son was begotten 'from the Father and from the Holy Spirit,' alleging this very pretext, that 'alone' is not added?
1:209
Καί αὐτῆς ἐκπέσοι τῆς ἄνωθεν ἀναγεννήσεως τοῦτο προστιθείς καί μή ἐκ μόνου δοξάζων γεγεννῆσθαι τοῦ Πατρός τόν Λόγον
凡這樣加添、又不榮耀那道為「惟獨從父所生」的人,願他自己從那「從上頭而來的重生」中墜落!
May he who adds this — and does not glorify the Word as begotten from the Father alone — himself fall away from the regeneration from above!
1:210
Οὐδαμοῦ γάρ γεννήτωρ εἴρηται τό Πνεῦμα σύν ἡμῖν καλῶς ἐρεῖς, οὐδέ κοινόν ἔχει τι Πατρί, μή ἔστι κοινόν καί τῷ Υἱῷ˙ οὐδ ἐκ τῆς δυάδος προάγεται τό ἕν, οὐδ εἰς τήν δυάδα ἀναφέρεται˙ οὐδ μονάς εἰς μονάδα κινηθεῖσα καί εἰς ἑτέραν αὖθις μονάδα δυάς, ἀλλ μονάς θεοπρεπῶς εἰς δυάδα κινηθεῖσα, μέχρι τριάδος ἔστη
因為那靈絕不被稱為「生者」——你也會與我們一同正確地這樣說——並且祂與父所共有的,沒有一樣不是也與子共有的;那「一位」並不是從「二」中被生出,也不歸回於「二」;那「一(獨一)」也不是先動入「一」、再動入另一個「一」;乃是那「一」以合乎神的方式動入「二」,便止於「三」。
For nowhere is the Spirit called 'begetter' — you will rightly say, together with us — nor does it possess anything in common with the Father which is not also common to the Son; nor is the one brought forth from the dyad, nor is it referred back into the dyad; nor is the Monad moved into a Monad, and again the dyad into another Monad; but the Monad, being moved in a God-befitting manner into a dyad, came to rest at the Triad.
1:211
Καί εἷς ἡμῖν Θεός˙ οὐ μόνον ὅτι μία θεότης, ἀλλ ὅτι καί εἰς ἕν ἀμφότερα τά ἐξ αὐτοῦ τήν ἀναφοράν ἔχει
並且在我們這裡只有一位神——這不單因為神格只有一個,更因為那從祂而出的「兩位」都歸回於「一」。
And for us there is one God — not only because there is one Godhead, but because the two that are from Him have their reference back to one.
1:212
Οὐκοῦν καί ταῦτ ἐστίν αὐτοῦ τά ἰδιάζοντα τῶν γνωρισμάτων˙ μόνος γάρ˙ οὐδεμίαν ἄρα τήν κοινωνίαν ἕξει πρός ταῦτα τό Πνεῦμα τό ἅγιον, ἐπεί καί τά τῆς ὑπερουσίου θεογονίας οὐκ ἀντιστρέφει πρός ἄλληλα, Διονύσιος αὖθις ἄν εἶπεν οὐρανόφρων
那麼,這些(即「父」與「發出者」)便是父獨有的標記之一;因為惟有祂〔如此〕;所以聖靈在這些事上與祂毫無相通,因為「那超本質之『生神』的諸事,彼此並不互換」,那心思屬天的丟尼修必會再如此說。
These, then, are among His distinguishing marks; for He alone [is such]; the Holy Spirit, therefore, will have no communion with respect to these, since 'the things of the supra-essential God-begetting do not convert into one another,' Dionysius the heavenly-minded would again have said.
1:213
Ἀλλ εὖγέ σοι τῆς ἐν τούτοις πρός τε τούς θεοσόφους τῶν πατέρων καί ἡμᾶς τούς ἐξ ἐκείνων σοφισθέντας ἀπαραλλάκτου συμφωνίας
但你在這些事上竟與那些屬神智慧的教父、並與我們這些受教於他們的人毫無二致地相合——這倒要恭喜你了!(此處乃反語)
But well done to you for your unvarying agreement in these matters with the God-wise Fathers and with us who have been made wise by them!
1:214
Ἑάλωςδ ὅμως, τό τοῦ λόγου, (σελ
然而你還是被擒住了,正如俗語所說,
You have nevertheless been caught, as the saying goes,
1:215
) τοῖς σαυτοῦ πτεροῖς καί λυσιτελῶς ὄντως ἐπατάχθης τῷ τοῦ ὀρθοῦ προπολεμοῦντι λόγῳ˙ τό γάρ εἰς αὐτόν ᾗκον, οὐ μόνον ἐπατάχθης, ἀλλά καί ἰάθης κατά τό εἰρημένον ὡς ὑπό Θεοῦ, πατάξω καί ἰάσομαι
是被你自己的羽毛所擒(如箭以己羽為翎反傷己身),並真實有益地被那「為正道爭戰之道」所擊中;因為就那道本身而言,你不僅被擊中,也被醫治了,正如神所說的:「我擊打,也必醫治。」
by your own feathers, and have been truly profitably smitten by the word that does battle on behalf of the right; for, as far as concerns the word itself, you have not only been smitten, but also healed, according to what is said, as by God: 'I will smite and I will heal.'
1:216
γάρ ἄν εἶπες μεθ ἡμῶν τε καί τῆς ἀληθείας πρός τούς ἐκ Πατρός τε καί ἐκ τοῦ Πνεύματος λέγοντας γεγεννῆσθαι τόν Υἱόν, ἄλλας τε προφάσεις προφασιζομένους ἐν ἁμαρτίαις, μᾶλλον δέ δυσσεβείαις, καί ὅτι μή προστέθειται τῷ γεγεννῆσθαι ἐκ Πατρός τό μόνου, ταῦτα καί αὐτός ἀρτίως ἀφ ἡμῶν τε καί τῆς ἀληθείας ἄκουε, ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός καί τοῦ Υἱοῦ λέγων ἐκπορεύεσθαι τό Πνεῦμα τό ἅγιον˙ ἑτέρωθέν τε τοῦτο πειρώμενος πιστοῦσθαι καί τοῦ μή προσκεῖσθαι τῷ ἐκ Πατρός ἐκπορεύεσθαι τό μόνου ˙ καί αὐτῆς γάρ ἐκπεσεῖται τῆς διά τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος υἱοθεσίας καί ἐκ Υἱοῦ τό Πνεῦμα λέγων˙ Ποῦ γάρ τῶν θεοπνεύστων λογίων προβολέα τόν Υἱόν εὕροι τις ἄν ὠνομασμένον, καίτοι Γρηγορίῳ τῷ μεγάλῳ θεολόγῳ τῶν τοῦ Υἱοῦ προσηγοριῶν πασῶν καί πολλάκις ἀπηριθμημένων καί οὐκ ἀπηριθμημένων μόνον ἀλλά καί τεθεωρημένων;
因為凡你與我們、與真理一同要對那些說「子是從父與從靈所生」之人所說的話——那些人為自己的罪過(或更該說不虔)藉端推託,並以「『為父所生』之上未加『惟獨』」為由——這同樣的話如今你自己也得從我們、從真理這裡領受了,你這說「聖靈是從父與子」發出、並試圖從別處(即「『從父發出』之上未加『惟獨』」)來確證此說的人哪。因為凡說那靈也是從子而出的人,必從那「藉聖靈而得兒子名分」的福分中墜落。試問,在那些神所默示的聖言中,誰能找到子被稱為「發出者」之處呢?何況偉大的神學家貴格利屢次列舉子的一切稱號,且不單列舉、更加以默想?
For whatever you would say, together with us and with the truth, against those who say the Son was begotten 'from the Father and from the Spirit' — alleging various pretexts in their sins, or rather impieties, and namely that 'alone' is not added to 'begotten of the Father' — these same things you yourself must now hear from us and from the truth, you who say that the Holy Spirit proceeds 'from the Father and the Son,' and who try to confirm this from another quarter, namely from the fact that 'alone' is not added to 'proceeds from the Father.' For from the very adoption-as-sons through the Holy Spirit will he fall away who says that the Spirit is also from the Son. For where in the God-inspired oracles could anyone find the Son named 'emitter,' even though by the great theologian Gregory all the appellations of the Son have often been enumerated — and not only enumerated but also contemplated?
1:217
Ὅς καί τό μονογενής ἐξηγούμενος, οὐχ ὅτι, φησί, μόνος ἐκ μόνου καί μόνον, ἀλλά καί μονοτρόπως˙ ἀλλαχοῦ μόνως εἶπε ἰδιοτρόπως, τοῦτ αὖθις ἐξηγούμενος
他在解釋「獨生」一詞時說:「並非說祂只是『從惟一者單獨地、惟獨地』而生,更是說祂是以一種獨特的方式而生」——這話他在別處又稱為「以獨特之法、惟一地」,把這同一件事再加解釋。
He who, in expounding 'Only-begotten,' says: 'Not that He is alone from one alone and only, but also in a singular manner' — which elsewhere he called 'singularly, in a peculiar manner,' expounding this same thing again.
1:218
Τό δέ μόνος ὡς εἷς˙ τόδ ἐκ μόνου ὡς ἐν παρθενίᾳ γεννήσαντος, ταὐτόδ εἰπεῖν ὡς οὐκ ἀπό συζυγίας
「惟一地」意即「作為『一位』」;「從惟一者而生」意即「如同從那『在童貞中生育』者而生」,也就是說「並非出於配偶的結合」。
'Alone' [means] 'as one'; 'from one alone' [means] 'as from one who begot in virginity,' that is to say, 'as not from conjugal union.'
1:219
Τό δέ μόνον τί ἄν ἄλλο εἴηἤ ὅτι μόνος Υἱός, ἀλλ οὐχί καί Πατήρ οὐδέ προβολεύς;
至於「惟有(單單)」一詞——除了指「祂只是子,而不也是父、也不是發出者」之外,還能有甚麼別的意思呢?
And 'only' — what else could it mean than that He is Son only, but not also Father nor emitter?
1:220
Εἰ δέ καί Πατήρ, Πατήρ μόνον λέγεται, εἰκότωςκαί γάρ ἐκ Πατρός τό Πνεῦμακαί Πατρός λέγεται Πνεῦμα καί Πατήρ καί τοῦ Πνεύματος λέγοιτ ἄν ὡς αἴτιος˙ Πατέρα γάρ τῶν φώτων τοῦτον εἶπεν μέγας Ἰάκωβος ἀδελφόθεος, τουτέστιν Υἱοῦ καί Πνεύματος, ὡς καί Ἀθανάσιος μέγας ἐξηγούμενος λέγει
但若父也被稱為「惟有父」,那是合宜的——因為那靈也是從父而出——並且那靈被稱為「父的」靈,父也要被稱為「靈的」父,作為靈的「因」;因為主的兄弟、那位偉大的雅各稱祂為「眾光之父」,就是子與靈之父,正如偉大的亞他那修在他的解經中所說。
But if the Father too is called 'Father only,' it is fittingly so — for the Spirit too is from the Father — and the Spirit is called 'of the Father,' and the Father would be called also 'of the Spirit,' as its cause; for the great James, the brother of God, called Him 'Father of the lights,' that is, of the Son and the Spirit, as also Athanasius the Great says in his exposition.
1:221
) ἔχει, ὥσπερ οὖν ἔχει, λέγοιτ ἄν καί Υἱός Πατήρ φωτός, τουτέστι τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος, εἰ καί ἐξ αὐτοῦ κατά σέ τό Πνεῦμα
〔子〕確實擁有〔那靈〕,正如祂的確擁有;〔但惟有他若是發出者〕子才會也被稱為「光之父」,就是聖靈之父——縱然照你所說,那靈是從子而出。
[The Son] has [the Spirit], just as indeed He does; [but only if He were emitter] would the Son too be called 'Father of light,' that is, of the Holy Spirit — even if, according to you, the Spirit is from Him.
1:222
Εἰ γοῦν ταῦτ ἦν ὀνομάσαι, οἷον Πατέρα φωτόςἤ προβολέα τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος, πῶς ἄν οὐχί τῶν ἄλλων αὐτοῦ σχεδόν πάντων ὀνομάτων μέγας ἐν θεολογίᾳ Γρηγόριος προὔθηκε, καίτοι τό πρός τόν Πατέρα ἀγωνιζόμενος δεικνύναι;
那麼,倘若可以〔正當地〕稱這類名號——如「光之父」或「聖靈之發出者」——那位在神學上偉大的貴格利,豈不會把它列在子幾乎一切別的名號之前麼?何況他本是竭力要顯明〔子與〕父〔同等〕。
If, then, it had been [right] to name such things — such as 'Father of light' or 'emitter of the Holy Spirit' — how would not Gregory, the great in theology, have set this before well-nigh all His other names, even though he was striving to demonstrate [the Son's equality] with the Father?
1:223
Διό φησιν˙ εἰ μέγα τῷ Πατρί τῷ μηδαμόθεν ὡρμῆσθαι, οὐκ ἔλαττον τῷ Υἱῷ τό ἐκ τοιούτου Πατρός
因此他說:「若『父乃全然無源』是一件大事,那麼『子乃出於這樣一位父』也絕不遜色。」
Wherefore he says: 'If it is a great thing for the Father to be in no way originated, it is no lesser for the Son to be from such a Father.'
1:224
Καί πρόσεστιν τῷ Υἱῷ τό τῆς γεννήσεως πρᾶγμα τοσοῦτον
並且「受生」這事——這等大事——乃是屬於子的。
And to the Son belongs the fact of His generation — a thing so great.
1:225
Εἰ γοῦν προσῆεν τό προβολέα εἶναι, πῶς οὐκ ἄν εἶπε πρᾶγμα τοσοῦτον, δι καί μᾶλλον ἄν δεικύειν ἔδοξεν ἴσον τῷ Πατρί;
那麼,若「作發出者」原是屬〔子〕的,他怎會不稱它為「這等大事」呢?因藉這事他本可更有力地顯明〔子與〕父的同等。
If, then, being 'emitter' had belonged [to Him], how would he not have called it 'a thing so great,' through which he would have thought to demonstrate even more [His] equality with the Father?
1:226
Ἀλλ οὐκ εἶπεν˙ οὐκοῦν οὐδέ πρόσεστιν
但他並未這樣說;所以這事也不屬於〔子〕。
But he did not say so; therefore neither does it belong [to Him].
1:227
γάρ μέγας οὗτος θεολόγος οὐδ ἁπλῶς οὕτω τό ἐκπορευόμενον ἴδιον τίθησι τοῦ Πνεύματος, ἀλλά τό ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός ἐκπορευόμενον, προορῶν δήπου καί προανατρέπων σου τήν δυσσεβῆ προσθήκην
因為這位偉大的神學家連「那發出者」本身都不只是單單立為靈的特性,乃是立「那從父發出者」為其特性——無疑是預先看見、並預先攔阻你那不虔的增添。
For this great theologian does not even simply lay down 'that which proceeds' as a property of the Spirit, but 'that which proceeds from the Father' — foreseeing, no doubt, and forestalling your impious addition.
1:228
Ἀνωτέρω γάρ μικρόν εἰπών, τόν μέν Πατέρα γεννήτορα καί προβολέα, τόν δέ Υἱόν προβολέα μέν οὐ, γέννημα δέ μόνον, προσϊών, ἡμεῖς δέ, φησίν, ἐπί τῶν ἡμετέρων ὅρων ἱστάμενοι, τό ἀγέννητον εἰσάγομεν καί τό γεννητόν καί τό ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός ἐκπορευόμενον
因為他先前不久才說過:父是「生者與發出者」,而子卻「不是發出者,乃只是所生者」,接著他又說:「但我們既站在自己的定義之內,便引入『非受生者』、『受生者』、以及『那從父發出者』。」
For having said a little before that the Father is 'begetter and emitter,' but the Son is 'not emitter, but only offspring,' he proceeds, saying: 'But we, standing within our own definitions, introduce the Unbegotten, and the begotten, and that which proceeds from the Father.'
1:229
Οὐκ εἶπε τό ἐκπορευόμενον ἁπλῶς ἴδιον τοῦ Πνεύματος ὑπάρχειν, ἵνα μή τις ἐκ τοῦ Υἱοῦἤ καί ἐκ τοῦ Υἱοῦ ἐκπορεύεσθαι νομίσῃ τό Πνεῦμα τό ἅγιον˙ τό μέν γάρ γεννητόν συνεισάγει τῇ διανοίᾳ τόν Πατέρα, τό δέ ἐκπορευτόν οὐχ οὕτω
他並未說「那發出者」本身是靈的特性,免得有人以為聖靈是「從子」、或「也從子」而出;因為「那受生者」會把「父」一同帶入〔心思〕,而「那發出者」卻不照樣如此。
He did not say that 'that which proceeds' simply is a property of the Spirit, lest anyone should suppose the Holy Spirit to proceed from the Son or also from the Son; for 'the begotten' introduces the Father together [into the mind], but 'the proceeding' does not do so likewise.
1:230
Διά τοῦτο τό ἐκ Πατρός ἐκπορευόμενον ἴδιον τέθηκε τοῦ Πνεύματος˙ τοῦτο γάρ, φησί καί Βασίλειος μέγας, γνωριστικόν τῆς κατά τήν ὑπόστασιν ἰδιότητος σημεῖον ἔχει τό Πνεῦμα τό ἅγιον, τό μετά τόν Υἱόν καί σύν αὐτῷ γνωρίζεσθαι καί ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός ὑφεστάναι
正因如此,他立「那從父發出者」為靈的特性;因為這一點,那位偉大的巴西流也說,正是聖靈所具有、按位格而論之特性的識別記號:「就是在子之後、又與子一同被認識,並從父而得存有。」
For this reason he set down 'that which proceeds from the Father' as a property of the Spirit; for this, says the great Basil too, is the distinguishing sign of the property according to hypostasis which the Holy Spirit possesses: 'to be known after the Son and together with Him, and to subsist from the Father.'
1:231
Ἀλλ ὁρᾷς, ὅπως παρ ἡμῶν ( σελ
但你豈不看見,你被我們逐出〔教會的〕相通,乃是何等公正麼——
But do you see how justly you have been driven by us
1:232
) δικαίως ἀπελήλασθε τῆς κοινωνίας, οὐκ ἐπί τῶν ἡμετέρων ὅρων καί τῆς εὐσεβείας ἱστάμενοι;
因你不站在我們的定義之內、不站在虔敬正信之內?
from communion — you who do not stand within our definitions and within true religion?
1:233
γάρ καί τόν Υἱόν Πατέρα προσερεῖς, ὡς καί ἀνωτέρω δέδεικται, ἵν ἐκπορευόμενον εἴη σοι καί ἐξ αὐτοῦ τό Πνεῦμα, τό ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός ἐκπορεύεσθαι οὐκ ἄν ἴδιον εἴη σοι τοῦ Πνεύματος, οὐδέ τό ἐκπορεύειν ἴδιον εἶναι νομίσεις τοῦ Πατρός, καί ἀπ ἐναντίας θεολογήσεις τοῦ τό θεολογεῖν ἐπωνυμίαν κτησαμένου καί πρός τήν ἐναντίον ὄντως μοῖραν στήσῃ καί παρ ἡμῶν ἐκκήρυκτος γενήσῃ˙ τάς γάρ αὐτοῦ φωνάς ἐκφαντορίας οὔσας ἴσμεν τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος
因為你要麼也稱子為「父」——正如上文所顯明的——好叫那靈在你看來成為「也從子而出」;要麼「從父發出」一語對你而言便不是靈的特性,你也不把「發出」算作父的特性,於是你便要與那位得了「作神學宣認」之稱號者(指拿先斯的貴格利)相違背地作神學了,並要站到那真正相反的一邊去,被我們逐出;因為我們深知他的言論乃是聖靈的啟示。
For either you will call the Son too 'Father' — as has been shown above — so that the Spirit may be 'proceeding also from Him' for you; or 'to proceed from the Father' will not be a property of the Spirit for you, nor will you reckon 'to emit' to be a property of the Father, and you will theologize contrary to him who acquired the surname of 'theologizing,' and you will take your stand on the truly opposite side, and will become outcast from us; for we know his utterances to be revelations of the Holy Spirit.
1:234
Ἀλλά γάρ, ὥσπερ τῆς νοτίδος ἐξ ὑγρῶν σωμάτων ἐκπορευομένης καί τοῦτ ἴδιον ἐχούσης καί τῶν ὑγρῶν σωμάτων ἴδιόν ἐστι τό νοτίδα ἐκπορεύειν, τόν αὐτόν τρόπον καί τοῦ Πνεύματος ἴδιον ἔχοντος τό ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός ἐκπορεύεσθαι καί τοῦ Πατρός ἐξ ἀνάγκης ἐστι τό τό Πνεῦμα ἐκπορεύειν
再者,正如「水氣從濕潤之物發出」、且以此為其特性,那麼「發出水氣」也就成了濕潤之物的特性;照樣,既然那靈以「從父發出」為其特性,那麼「發出那靈」也就按必然成了父的〔特性〕。
But indeed, just as, when moisture proceeds from moist bodies and has this as its property, it is also the property of the moist bodies to emit the moisture, in the same way too, since the Spirit has as its property 'to proceed from the Father,' it is also of necessity the Father's [property] 'to emit the Spirit.'
1:235
Μόνου ἄρα τοῦ Πατρός τοῦ Πνεύματος ἐκπόρευσις˙ καί ἀεί ἐκ μόνου τοῦ Πατρός ἐκπορεύεται τό Πνεῦμα καθ ὑπαρκτικήν ἀλλ οὐκ ἐκφαντικήν προέλευσιν
所以靈的「發出」惟獨屬於父;並且那靈總是惟獨從父發出,這乃是就「存有性的出來」而言,而非就「彰顯性的出來」而言。
To the Father alone, therefore, belongs the procession of the Spirit; and the Spirit always proceeds from the Father alone, according to an existential, not a manifestative, coming-forth.
1:236
Καί ἐν οἷς γάρ τῷ ἐκπορευτῷ μή συνεκφωνεῖται τό ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός, συνυπακουόμενον ἐστιν ἀεί τοῖς συνετῶς ἀκούουσιν, ὥσπερ καί ἐπί τοῦ Υἱοῦ τῷ γεννητῷ συνυπακούεται
因為即使在那些「『那發出者』未與『從父』一同說出」的地方,對於那些有智慧聆聽的人,這話也總是被補足的,正如論到子時,「從父」一語也總與「那受生者」一同被補足。
For even in those cases where 'from the Father' is not uttered together with 'that which proceeds,' it is always supplied for those who hear intelligently, just as in the case of the Son 'from the Father' is supplied together with 'that which is begotten.'
1:237
Γεννητός γάρ καί ἡμῶν ἁπάντων ἕκαστος˙ γεννητός δέ ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός, ταὐτόνδ εἰπεῖν ἐκ Θεοῦ Πατρός, μόνος Υἱός, ὥστε τό συννημένον τοῦτ ἔστιν ἴδιον αὐτοῦ καί ἀεί συννοεῖται, κἄν μή συνεκφωνεῖται
因為我們眾人也都是「受生的」;但惟有子是「從父」受生——也就是說「從父神」受生;所以這「相連的詞語」乃是祂的特性,且總是被一同領會,縱然沒有一同說出。
For each of us all is begotten; but the Son alone is begotten 'from the Father' — that is to say, 'from God the Father'; so that this conjoined [phrase] is His property and is always understood together, even if it is not uttered together.
1:238
Τόν αὐτόν οὖν τρόπον ἐκπορευτόν ἄν εἴποις καί τό πνεῦμα τό ἡμέτερον
那麼照樣,你也會稱我們自己的「氣(靈)」為「那發出者」。
In the same way, then, you would call our own spirit 'that which proceeds.'
1:239
Οὐκοῦν οὐ τό ἁπλῶς ἐκπορευτόν ἴδιον τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος, ἀλλά τό ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός ἐκπορευτόν˙ ἐκεῖνος γάρ ἀεί Πατήρ
因此,「那單純發出者」並不是聖靈的特性,乃是「那從父發出者」才是;因為祂永遠是「父」。
Consequently, it is not 'that which simply proceeds' that is the property of the Holy Spirit, but 'that which proceeds from the Father'; for He is always Father.
1:240
Τῶν ἀδυνάτων ἄρ ἐστίν ἐκ τοῦ Υἱοῦ ἐκπορευτόν ὑπάρχειν, εἰ μή καί Υἱός εἴη σοι Πατήρ
所以,要說它是「從子發出而存有」,乃是不可能的事,除非那子在你看來也成了「父」。
It is, therefore, among the impossibilities for it to exist as 'proceeding from the Son,' unless the Son too were 'Father' for you.
1:241
Οὐ μόνον δέ τό ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός τῷ ἐκπορευτῷ συνυπακούεται, ἀλλά καί τό ἐκ μόνου τοῦ Πατρός, καθάπερ καί τῷ γεννητῷ˙ (σελ
並且,與「那發出者」一同被補足的,不單是「從父」,更是「惟獨從父」,正如與「那受生者」一同被補足的一樣。
And not only is 'from the Father' supplied together with 'that which proceeds,' but also 'from the Father alone,' just as it is with 'that which is begotten.'
1:242
) ὡς γάρ οἱ ἔνθεοι θεολόγοι διδάσκουσιν ἡμᾶς, καί ἀνωτέρω ἔφημεν, χωρίς τοῦ γεννητῶς τε καί ἐκπορευτῶς, ὡς Υἱός ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός, οὕτω καί τό Πνεῦμα˙ τοιγαροῦν παντάπασιν ἀδύνατον εἶναι καί ἐκ τοῦ Υἱοῦ
因為正如那些受感的神學家所教導我們的——這也是我們上文所說的——除了「藉受生」與「藉發出」這兩點之外,那靈也是「從父」而出,正如子一樣;因此祂「也從子而出」乃是全然不可能的。
For as the inspired theologians teach us — which we also said above — apart from 'by generation' and 'by procession,' the Spirit too is 'from the Father' just as the Son is; consequently it is altogether impossible [for it to be] also from the Son.
1:243
Πῶς οὖν αὐτός μέγας ἐν θεολογίᾳ Γρηγόριός φησιν, ἄναρχον καί ἀρχή καί τό μετά τῆς ἀρχῆς εἷς Θεός, φύσις δε τοῖς τρισί μία˙ ἕνωσις δέ Πατήρ, ἐξ οὗ καί πρός ὅν ἀνάγεται τά ἑξῆς, οὐχ ὡς συναλείφεσθαι, ἀλλ ὡς ἔχεσθαι;
那麼,那同一位在神學上偉大的貴格利怎麼說:「那無源者、那源、以及那與源同在者,乃是一位神;三者的本性是一個;而那合一就是父,其餘的都從祂而出、又歸於祂——並非以致被混淆,乃是以致被〔聯〕繫在一起」呢?
How, then, does the same Gregory, the great in theology, say: 'The Unoriginate, and the Origin, and that which is with the Origin, are one God; and the nature is one for the three; and the union is the Father, from whom and to whom the rest are referred — not so as to be confounded, but so as to be held [together]'?
1:244
Ἀκούων γάρ τις διά τοῦ Υἱοῦ τό Πνεῦμα τῷ Πατρί συναπτόμενον, νοεῖν ἄν ἔχοι τοῦτο λεγόμενον, διά τήν κατά τήν ὁμολογίαν ἐκφώνησιν, μέσου κειμένου τοῦ Υἱοῦ
因為人聽見那靈是「藉著子」與父相聯,或會把這話理解為:乃是就信認時〔次序上的〕宣讀而言的,因子被置於居中之位。
For one who hears that the Spirit is joined to the Father 'through the Son' might understand this as being said on account of the [order of] utterance in the confession, the Son being placed in the middle.
1:245
Καί ὅτι Πατρός Πνεῦμα οὐκ ἄν ἄλλως λέγοιτο, εἰ μή διά τόν Υἱόν
並〔或會理解為〕:那靈除了因子的緣故之外,便無法被稱為「父的」靈。
And [he might understand] that the Spirit could not otherwise be called 'of the Father' than on account of the Son.
1:246
Ἕνωσις δέ Πατήρ πῶς ἄν εἴη, εἰ μή προσεχῶς ἔχει πρός ἑκάτερον ἀμέσως προβαλλόμενος ἑκάτερον;
並且父怎能是那「合一」,除非祂與〔子靈〕各位都直接相關,無中介地發出各位呢?
And how would the Father be 'the union,' unless He stands proximately related to each, emitting each immediately?
1:247
Ἀλλά καί τό οὐχ ὡς συναλείφεσθαι δέ, ἀλλ ὡς ἔχεσθαι, τήν προσεχῆ καί ἄμεσον ἑκατέρου σχέσιν πρός αὐτόν δηλοῖ
並且「並非以致被混淆,乃是以致被〔聯〕繫在一起」這句話,也表明〔子靈〕各位與祂之間那直接而無中介的關係。
But also the phrase 'not so as to be confounded, but so as to be held [together]' indicates the proximate and immediate relation of each to Him.
1:248
Τί δέ, ὅτι τό ἄναρχον καί ἀρχή καί τό μετά τῆς ἀρχῆς εἷς Θεός;
還有那「那無源者、那源、以及那與源同在者」——乃是一位神——這事又如何解釋呢?
And what of the fact that it is 'the Unoriginate, and the Origin, and that which is with the Origin' — one God?
1:249
Εἰ γάρ ἐξ Υἱοῦ τό Πνεῦμα ᾔδει, τό ἐκ τῆς ἀρχῆς ἄν εἶπεν, οὐ τό μετά τῆς ἀρχῆς
因為他若知道那靈是從子而出,他就會說「那『從源』而出者」,而非說「那『與源同在』者」了。
For if he had known the Spirit to be from the Son, he would have said 'that which is from the Origin,' not 'that which is with the Origin.'
1:250
Οὐκοῦν ὅταν ἀκούσῃς διά τοῦ Υἱοῦ τό Πνεῦμα ἐκπορεύεσθαι, ὡς συμπαρομαρτοῦν τῷ λόγῳ νόησον
因此,每當你聽見那靈是「藉著子」發出,便當理解為「伴隨著那道」。
Consequently, whenever you hear that the Spirit proceeds 'through the Son,' understand it as accompanying the Word.
1:251
Οὕτω γάρ καί τήν διά οὐκ εἰς τήν ἐκ κακῶς, ἀλλ εἰς τήν μετά, τῷ τῆς θεολογίας ἐπωνύμῳ συνᾴδων μεταλήψῃ
因為這樣你便會正確地把那「藉著」一詞,不領會為「從之而出」(那是錯的),乃領會為「與之同在」,與那位得了「神學家」稱號者相和諧。
For thus you will rightly take the 'through' not as the 'from' — that would be wrong — but as the 'with,' in concord with him who is surnamed for theology.
1:252
Πνεῦμα γάρ, φησί, μεμαθήκαμεν, Δαμασκηνός θεῖος, τό συμπαρομαρτοῦν τῷ λόγῳ καί φανεροῦν αὐτοῦ τήν ἐνέργειαν
因為那屬神的大馬士革的約翰說:「我們已學知,那靈乃是『伴隨著那道』、並彰顯那道之運作的。」
For 'we have learned,' says the divine Damascene, 'that the Spirit accompanies the Word and manifests its activity.'
1:253
) Συμπαρομαρτεῖν δέ ἐστι τό συνακολουθεῖν, ὡς αὐτός ἐκεῖ φησιν ὥστε οὐχί καί ἐκ τοῦ Υἱοῦ, ἀλλά σύν τῷ Υἱῷ τό Πνεῦμα ἐκ Πατρός, συνακολουθούσης ἀδιαστάτως τε καί ἀχρόνως τῇ γεννήσει τῆς ἐκπορεύσεως
並且「伴隨」就是「一同隨行」,正如同一〔作者〕在那裡所說;所以那靈是從父而出,不是「也從子而出」,乃是「與子一同」而出——那「發出」乃是毫無間隔、無時間地隨著那「受生」而行。
And 'to accompany' is 'to follow along with,' as the same [author] says there; so that the Spirit is from the Father not also 'from the Son,' but 'together with the Son' — the procession following the generation without interval and timelessly.
1:254
Μεμαθήκαμεν δέ εἶπεν, ὡς τῶν πρό αὐτοῦ θεοφόρων οὕτω διδασκόντων, παρ ὧν μυηθείς οὕτω νοεῖν τό Πνεῦμα δι Υἱοῦ, τό ἐκ τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦτο λέγειν παντάπασιν ἀπηγόρευσεν
他說「我們已學知」,乃因在他之前那些屬神的人就是這樣教導的;他既受教於他們,以這樣的方式領會「靈藉著子」,便全然禁止說這是「從子而出」。
And he said 'we have learned,' inasmuch as the God-bearers before him so taught; from whom, being initiated thus to understand 'the Spirit through the Son,' he altogether forbade saying that this is 'from the Son.'
1:255
Εἰδ μέγας Βασίλειος οὐδέν εἶναί φησιν ἀπᾷδον εἰς τήν ἐκ τήν διά μεταλαμβάνειν, ἀλλ ἐπί τῶν κτισμάτων, διό καί τόν ἀπόστολον προήγαγεν εἰπόντα, ἐξ αὐτοῦ καί δι αὐτοῦ καί εἰς αὐτόν τά πάντα, παρ αὐτοῦ γάρ δεδημιούργηνται καί δι αὐτοῦ συνέχονται καί πρός αὐτόν ἐπιστρέφονται τά ὄντα πάντα, δέ ἱερός Δαμασκηνός κἀν τῷ ἑβδόμῳ τῶν Θεολογικῶν αὐτοῦ κεφαλαίων προθείς πάλιν καί ἀνωτέρω ἔφημεν, μετά τινα συνᾴδων τῷ Κατηχητικῷ λόγῳ τοῦ Νύσσης ἐνθέου Γρηγορίου, τό ἅγιον Πνεῦμα δύναμιν εἶναί φησιν οὐσιώδη, αὐτήν ἐφ ἑαυτῆς ἐν ἰδιαζούσῃ ὑποστάσει θεωρουμένην καί αὐτοῦ, δηλονότι τοῦ Λόγου, οὖσαν ἐκφαντικήν, οὐ χωρισθῆναι τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐν ἐστι καί τοῦ Λόγου συμπαρομαρτεῖ δυναμένην, ἆρ οὐ σαφές κἀντεῦθεν, ὡς οὐχί καί ἐκ τοῦ Υἱοῦ τό Πνεῦμα τό ἅγιον;
再者,那位偉大的巴西流雖說「把『藉著』取作『從之而出』並無甚麼不協調之處」——但〔他說這話〕是就受造之物而言,故此他也引用那說「萬物都本於祂、倚靠祂、歸於祂」的使徒(因為萬物本於祂被造、倚靠祂被維繫、又歸向祂這一切存在之物)——然而那聖潔的大馬士革的約翰,在他《神學諸章》第七章中,再次陳明我們上文所說的,並在若干話之後與尼撒受感之貴格利的《教理講辭》相和諧地說:聖靈乃是一種「本質性的能力」,在一個獨特的位格中被本身地默想,且是那道(聖言)的彰顯者,並不能與那「祂所在其中之神」分離,也不能與那「祂所伴隨之道」分離:那麼即使從此也豈不清楚顯明:聖靈並不也是從子而出麼?
And if the great Basil says that there is nothing discordant in taking 'through' for 'from' — but [he says this] in the case of created things, wherefore he also adduced the Apostle who said, 'from Him and through Him and unto Him are all things' (for from Him all things were created, and through Him are held together, and unto Him all existing things are turned) — yet the sacred Damascene, in the seventh of his Theological chapters, having again set forth what we said above, in agreement, after certain things, with the Catechetical Oration of the inspired Gregory of Nyssa, says that the Holy Spirit is an essential power, contemplated in itself in a distinct hypostasis, and being manifestative of Him — that is, of the Word — and unable to be separated from the God in whom it is, and from the Word which it accompanies: is it not plain even from this that the Holy Spirit is not also from the Son?
1:256
Οὐ μήν, ἀλλ ἐπεί παρά τῶν θεολόγων ποτέ μέν Πατήρ μέσος εἶναι λέγεται Υἱοῦ καί Πνεύματος, ποτέ δέ Υἱός μέσος τοῦ Πατρός τε καί Πνεύματος, ποτέ δέ τό Πνεῦμα μέσον τοῦ Πατρός τε καί Υἱοῦ, οὐκ ἄν εἴη τό Πνεῦμα τρίτον ἀπό τοῦ Πατρός, οὐδ ἄν ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός διά τοῦ Υἱοῦ τό εἶναι ἔχοι
再者,既然眾神學家有時說父是子與靈「居中」者,有時說子是父與靈「居中」者,有時又說靈是父與子「居中」者,那麼那靈便不可能是「從父而出的第三位」,也不可能是「從父、藉著子」而得其存有。
Yet, since by the theologians sometimes the Father is said to be 'in the middle' of the Son and the Spirit, sometimes the Son 'in the middle' of the Father and the Spirit, and sometimes the Spirit 'in the middle' of the Father and the Son, the Spirit could not be 'third from the Father,' nor could it have its being 'from the Father through the Son.'
1:257
Τοῖς γάρ ἐφεξῆς τρισί σημείοις, οὐκ ἄν εἴη ποτέ τι τῶν ἑκατέρωθεν κειμένων ἄκρων μέσον˙ ἀλλ ἔοικεν ἐπί τῆς θεολογίας μεσότης νοουμένη τοῖς ἐπί τῶν γωνιῶν τοῦ ἰσοπλεύρου τριγώνου σημείοις ἄκροις˙ ἐκεῖ γάρ ἕκαστον μέσον ἑκατέρωθεν εὑρίσκεται
因為若把三個點依次排成一列,那兩端的任何一個就永不能居中;倒不如說,神學中所構想的這「居中」,乃像等邊三角形三角上、處於各端的那些點;因為在那裡,每一個點都被發現居於另外兩個點之間。
For with three points placed in succession, none of those lying at either extreme could ever be in the middle; rather, the 'middle-ness' conceived in theology resembles the points at the corners of an equilateral triangle, lying at the extremities; for there each is found to be in the middle of the other two on either side.
1:258
Ἄν δέ καί τόν μεσότητα πρῶτον ἔχοντα ἐν ἀριθμοῖς ἐπισωρεύσας ὡς ἐν ἐπιπέδῳ θῇς, οὕτω ( σελ
並且,你若取那在眾數中居「居中性」首位的數,把它如同在一平面上堆疊起來,便要這樣
And if you take the number that holds the first place of 'middle-ness' among numbers, and heap it up as in a plane, you will thus
1:259
) τόν τε πρῶτον ἐνεργείᾳ τρίγωνον ἀποτελέσεις ἀριθμόν, καί ἥν ἄν λάβοις τῶν ἐν αὐτῷ μονάδων μέση δυσῖν ὑπολοίποιν ἔσται
造出第一個實際〔構成〕的三角形數,且在其中你無論取哪一個「一(單位)」,它都將是其餘兩個的居中者。
complete the first triangular number actually [formed], and whichever of the units in it you take will be the middle of the two remaining.
1:260
Εἴ τις οὖν ἀρχήν καί αἴτιον τῶν δύο κέντρων ὑποθοῖτο τό ἕν, προσεχῶς καί ἀμέσως ἐξ ἀνάγκης ἐκεῖνο πρός ἑκάτερον ἔχει κἀν ταῖς μονάσι δήπου τόν αὐτόν τρόπον
那麼,若有人把那「一」設定為兩個中心點的本源與原因,那「一」便必然與其各個直接而無中介地相關——在那些「一(單位)」之間也確是同樣如此。
If, then, someone should posit the one as the principle and cause of the two centres, that one necessarily stands proximately and immediately related to each — and indeed in the same way among the units.
1:261
Τί δέ, οἱ λέγοντες ὡς ἕν ἕκαστον αὐτῶν ἔχει πρός τό ἕτερον οὐχ ἧττονἤ πρός ἑαυτό, ἆρ οὐκ ἀριδήλως ἀμέσως ἔχειν παριστῶσι πρός ἄλληλα;
那麼那些說「它們各位彼此相關,不亞於各自與自身相關」的人又如何呢?他們豈不是最明白地證實了:〔三位〕彼此乃是直接相關的麼?
And what of those who say that each one of them stands related to the other no less than to itself? Do they not most plainly establish that they stand immediately related to one another?
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