米蘭的安波羅修

文集第 3 章

拉丁文原文．23 節．部分字詞可點開查義

3:1

Quoniam in omnibus fere epistulis sollicite quaeris de ecclesia, accipe, quid agatur. postridie quam accepi litteras tuas, quibus significaveras, quod te exagitarent somnia tua, moles inquietudinum gravium coepit moveri. nec iam Porciana, hoc est extramurana, basilica petebatur, sed basilica nova, hoc est intramurana, quae maior est. convenerunt me primo principes virtutum viri, comites consistoriani, ut et basilicam traderem et procurarem, ne quid populus turbarum moveret. respondi, quod erat ordinis: templum dei a sacerdote tradi non posse. acclamatum est sequenti die in ecclesia. etiam praefectus eo venit; coepit suadere, vel ut basilica Porciana cederemus. populus reclamavit.

你既在幾乎所有的書信中焦慮地詢問教會的事，請聽現今所發生的。在我收到你的信、就是你提到你的夢攪擾你的那封信之後的次日，一大堆嚴重的紛擾便開始興起。如今他們所索討的，不再是波奇亞納大殿——就是城牆外的那座——乃是新的大殿，就是城牆內較大的那座。起初是諸權貴中的首要人物來見我，就是御前會議的眾伯爵，要我交出大殿，並設法叫百姓不要鬧出甚麼亂子。我按照我職分的本分回答說：神的殿不能由祭司交出去。次日教會中有人大聲抗議。連總督也來了；他開始勸我們至少讓出波奇亞納大殿。百姓卻大聲反對。

Since in almost all your letters you anxiously inquire about the church, hear what is being done. The day after I received your letter, in which you had indicated that your dreams were tormenting you, a mass of grievous disturbances began to be set in motion. And now it was not the Portian basilica—that is, the one outside the walls—that was being demanded, but the new basilica—that is, the one within the walls, which is the larger. First the chief men of the powers came to me, the counts of the consistory, that I should both hand over the basilica and take care that the people should stir up no tumults. I replied what was in accord with my order: that the temple of God cannot be handed over by a priest. The next day there was an outcry in the church. Even the prefect came there; he began to urge that we should at least yield the Portian basilica. The people shouted back in protest.

3:2

ita tunc discessum est, ut intimaturum se imperatori diceret. sequenti die - erat autem dominica - post lectiones atque tractatum dimissis catechumenis symbolum aliquibus competentibus in baptisterii tradebam basilica. illic nuntiatum est mihi comperto, quod ad Porcianam basilicam de palatio decanos misissent et vela suspenderent, populi partem eo pergere. ego tamen mansi in munere; missam facere coepi. dum offero, raptum cognovi a populo Castulum quendam, quem presbyterum dicerent Ariani. hunc autem in platea offenderant transeuntes.

於是他們便離去，總督說他要將此事稟告皇帝。次日——那天是主日——在經課與講道之後，遣散了慕道者，我正在洗禮堂的大殿中向某些受洗候選人交付信經。就在那裡，有可靠的消息報給我，說他們已從宮中差遣總管到波奇亞納大殿去懸掛御用的帷幔，並有一部分百姓正往那裡去。然而我仍留在職任上，開始施行彌撒。當我獻祭時，得知有一個名叫卡斯圖路的，被百姓抓住了，就是亞流派稱為長老的那人。路過的人在街上遇見了他。

So they then departed, with the prefect saying that he would report the matter to the emperor. The next day—it was the Lord's Day—after the readings and the sermon, when the catechumens had been dismissed, I was handing over the Creed to certain candidates in the basilica of the baptistery. There it was announced to me, on reliable information, that they had sent deans from the palace to the Portian basilica and were hanging up the imperial hangings, and that a part of the people was making its way there. I, however, remained at my office; I began to celebrate Mass. While I was offering, I learned that a certain Castulus had been seized by the people—one whom the Arians called a presbyter. The passers-by had come upon him in the street.

3:3

amarissime flere et orare in ipsa oblatione Deum coepi, ut subveniret ne cuius sanguis in causa ecclesiae fieret, certe ut meus sanguis pro salute non solum populi, sed etiam pro ipsis impiis effunderetur. quid multa? missis presbyteris et diaconibus eripui iniuriae virum. condemnationes ilico gravissimae decernuntur, primo in corpus omne mercatorum. itaque sanctis diebus hebdomadis ultimae, quibus solebant debitorum laxari vincula, stridunt catenae, imponuntur collo innocentium, exiguntur ducenta pondo auri infra totum triduum. respondent aliud se tantum aut duplum, si peterentur, daturos, dummodo servarent fidem. erant pleni carceres negotiatoribus.

我便極其痛苦地哭泣，並在獻祭之際向神禱告，求祂施行幫助，免得有人為了教會的緣故流血；至少求使我的血傾流，不單為百姓的得救，也為那些不敬虔之人自己。何必多言？我差遣了長老和執事，把那人從傷害中救了出來。當下最嚴厲的判罰立刻臨到，首先針對全體商人。於是在最後一週的聖日——就是素來慣於釋放欠債者鎖鏈的日子——鐵鏈反倒鏗鏘作響，套在無辜人的頸上，在整整三日之內勒索了二百磅金子。他們回答說，若再索討，他們情願再給同樣的數目，甚至加倍，只要能讓他們持守信仰。監牢裡擠滿了做買賣的人。

I began most bitterly to weep and, in the very act of the oblation, to pray to God that He would come to our aid, lest anyone's blood should be shed in the cause of the church; or at least that my blood should be poured out for the salvation not only of the people, but even for the impious themselves. In a word: having sent presbyters and deacons, I rescued the man from injury. At once the most severe condemnations were decreed, first against the whole body of merchants. And so, in the holy days of the last week, on which it was customary for the chains of debtors to be loosed, the chains rattled, were laid upon the necks of the innocent, two hundred pounds of gold were exacted within the whole space of three days. They answered that they would give as much again, or even double, if it were demanded, provided they might keep the faith. The prisons were full of traders.

3:4

palatina omnia officia, hoc est memoriales, agentes in rebus, apparitores diversorum comitum temperare a processu iubentur, specie qua seditioni interesse prohibebantur; honoratis multa minabantur gravissima, nisi basilicam traderent. fervebat persecutio, ac si aperuissent portam, prorupturi in omne facinus videbantur convenior ipse a comitibus et tribunis, ut basilicae fieret matura traditio, dicentibus imperatorem iure suo uti, eo guod in potestate eius essent omnia. respondi, si a me peteret, quod meum esset, id est fundum meum, argentum meum, quidvis huiusmodi meum, me non refragaturum, quamquam omnia, quae mea sunt, essent pauperum;

宮中一切官員——就是文書、辦事的差役、各伯爵的隨從——都奉命禁止出署外出，藉口說禁止他們參與騷亂；對那些有地位的人則威嚇以極重的刑罰，除非他們交出大殿。逼迫猛烈如火，他們彷彿已開了城門，眼看就要爆發闖入各樣罪行。我自己被眾伯爵和千夫長傳召，要我從速交出大殿，他們說皇帝是在行使自己的權柄，因為萬事都在他的權下。我回答說，他若向我索討屬我的東西——就是我的田產、我的銀子、諸如此類屬我的任何之物——我必不拒絕，雖然一切屬我之物本是窮人的；

All the palatine officials—that is, the secretaries, the agents in affairs, the attendants of the various counts—were ordered to refrain from going out, under the pretext that they were forbidden to take part in sedition; the men of honor were threatened with very grave penalties, unless they handed over the basilica. The persecution was raging, and, as though they had thrown open the gate, they seemed about to burst out into every crime. I myself was summoned by the counts and tribunes, that there should be a speedy handing over of the basilica, they saying that the emperor was using his own right, inasmuch as all things were in his power. I replied that, if he asked of me what was mine—that is, my estate, my silver, anything of mine of this sort—I would not refuse, although all things that are mine belong to the poor;

3:5

verum ea, quae sunt divina, imperatoriae potestati non esse subiecta. "si patrimonium petitur, invadite, si corpus, occurram. vultis in vincula rapere? vultis in mortem? voluptati est mihi. non ego vallabor circumfusione populorum nec altaria tenebo vitam obsecrans, sed pro altaribus gratius immolabor." horrebam quippe animo, cum armatos ad basilicam ecclesiae occupandam missos cognoscerem: ne, dum basilicam vindicant, aliqua strages fieret, quae. in perniciem totius vergeret civitatis. orabam, ne tantae urbis vel totius Italiae busto superviverem; detestabar invidiam fundendi cruoris; offerebam iugulum meum. aderant Gothi tribuni; adoriebar eos dicens:

但那些屬神的事物，卻不在皇帝的權柄之下。「我的家業若被索討，儘管侵奪；我的身體若被索討，我必前去迎接。你們想把我抓去上鎖鏈麼？你們想把我帶去處死麼？這正是我所喜樂的。我不要用環繞的群眾作屏障，也不要攀住祭壇哀求活命，倒情願更甘心為祭壇而被獻為祭。」我得知有武裝兵丁被派來奪取教會的大殿時，心裡確實戰慄：恐怕他們在奪取大殿時釀成屠殺，以致傾覆全城。我祈求自己不要在這偌大城邑、或全意大利的葬火之後苟存；我憎惡流血的罪名；我獻上自己的頸項。在場的有哥特人的千夫長；我向他們挑明說：

but those things which are divine are not subject to the imperial power. 'If my patrimony is sought, invade it; if my body, I will go to meet it. Do you wish to seize me into chains? Do you wish to lead me to death? It is a pleasure to me. I will not entrench myself with a surrounding throng of peoples, nor will I cling to the altars begging for life, but I will more gladly be sacrificed for the altars.' I shuddered indeed in my soul when I learned that armed men had been sent to seize the basilica of the church: lest, while they were claiming the basilica, some slaughter should take place which would tend to the ruin of the whole city. I prayed that I might not survive the funeral pyre of so great a city, or of all Italy; I detested the odium of shedding blood; I offered my own throat. The Gothic tribunes were present; I assailed them, saying:

3:6

"propterea vos possessio Romana suscepit, ut perturbationis publicae vos praebeatis ministros? quo transibitis, si haec deleta fuerint?" exigebatur a me, ut compescerem populum. referebam in meo iure esse, ut non excitarem, in Dei manu, uti mitigaret; postremo si me incentorem putaret, iam in me vindicari oportere vel abduci me in quas vellet terrarum solitudines. his dictis illi abierunt; ego in basilica veteri totum exegi diem. inde domum cubitum me recepi, ut, si quis abducere vellet, inveniret paratum. ante lucem ubi pedem limine extuli, circumfuso milite 1occupatur basilica. idque a militibus imperatori mandatum dicitur, ut, si prodire vellet, haberet copiam;

「羅馬的統治收納你們，難道是為了這個——叫你們充當擾亂公眾的差役麼？這些若被毀滅，你們又往哪裡去呢？」他們要求我約束百姓。我回答說，不去煽動他們是在我的權內，但平息他們卻在神的手中；末了又說，他若以為我是煽動者，現在就該懲罰我，或將我帶到他所願的地上任何荒野之處。說了這些話，他們就離去了；我整日留在舊大殿中。然後我退回家中就寢，好叫若有人想把我帶走，便能發現我已預備好了。天還未亮，當我跨出門檻時，大殿已被佔據，兵丁環繞著它。據說皇帝已吩咐兵丁，他若想出來，就讓他有機會出來；

'Is it for this that the Roman dominion took you in—that you should offer yourselves as ministers of public disturbance? Where will you go, if these things are destroyed?' It was demanded of me that I restrain the people. I replied that it was within my right not to incite them, but in God's hand to calm them; finally, that if he thought me the instigator, I ought now to be punished, or to be carried off into whatever solitudes of the earth he wished. When these things had been said, they departed; I spent the whole day in the old basilica. Thence I withdrew home to bed, so that, if anyone wished to carry me off, he might find me ready. Before daybreak, when I had set foot over the threshold, the basilica was occupied, with the soldiery poured around it. And it was said to have been commanded to the soldiers by the emperor that, if he wished to come forth, he should have the opportunity;

3:7

se tamen praesto futuros, si viderent eum cum catholicis convenire - alioquin se ad eum coetum, quem Ambrosius cogeret, transituros. prodire de Arianis nullus audebat, quia nec quisquam de civibus erat, pauci de familia regia, nonnulli etiam Gothi. quibus ut olim plaustra sedes erat, ita nunc plaustrum ecclesia est. quocumque femina ista processerit, secum suos omnes coetus vehit. circumfusam basilicam esse gemitu populi intellexi. sed dum leguntur lectiones, intimatur mihi plenam populi esse basilicam etiam novam; maiorem videri plebem, quam cum essent omnes liberi; lectorem efflagitari. quid plura?

然而他們也會在旁待命，只要他們看見他與大公教會的人聚集——否則他們就要轉投亞波羅斯（安波羅修）所聚集的那群會眾。亞流派中沒有一人敢出來，因為他們中間沒有一個本城的居民，只有少數王室家眷，另有幾個哥特人。對這些人，正如從前車輛是他們的居所，如今教會也成了一輛車。那婦人無論往哪裡去，總把她的一切會眾隨身載著。我從百姓的哀哼聲中察覺大殿已被圍困。但當經課正在誦讀之際，有人告訴我，那新大殿也擠滿了百姓；那群眾看來比眾人都還自由時更多；又有人在索要一位誦讀員。還用多說甚麼呢？

yet they would be at hand, if they saw him assemble with the catholics—otherwise they would go over to that assembly which Ambrose was gathering. None of the Arians dared to come forth, because there was not anyone of the citizens among them, only a few of the royal household, some Goths as well. To whom, as once wagons were a dwelling, so now the church is a wagon. Wherever that woman goes forth, she carries all her assemblies with her. I perceived from the groaning of the people that the basilica was surrounded. But while the readings were being read, it was made known to me that the new basilica too was full of people; that the crowd seemed larger than when they were all free; that a reader was being demanded. What more?

3:8

milites ipsi, qui videbantur occupasse basilicam cognito, quod praecepissem - ut abstinerentur a communionis consortio -, ad conventum hunc nostrum venire coeperunt. quibus visis turbantur mulierum animi, proripit se una. ipsi tamen milites se ad orationem venisse, non ad proelium loquebantur. clamavit aliqua populus: quam moderate, quam constanter, quam fideliter poscebat, ut ad illam pergeremus basilicam! in illa quoque basilica fertur quod populus praesentiam flagitabat meam. tunc ego hunc adorsus sermonem sum: "audistis, filii, librum Iob legi, qui solemni munere est decursus et tempore.

那些被認為已佔據聖堂的士兵，得知我曾下令——要他們被隔絕於共融的團契之外——便開始來到我們這聚會中。婦女們見了他們，心裡慌亂，有一個衝了出去。然而士兵們自己卻說，他們是來禱告的，不是來爭戰的。有些百姓喊叫；他們以何等的節制、何等的堅定、何等的信德懇求我們前往那座聖堂！據說在那座聖堂裡，百姓也切切渴求我的同在。於是我開始講這篇道：「孩子們哪，你們已聽見約伯記被誦讀，這書按著莊嚴的本分、在所定的時節被讀完。」

The very soldiers who were thought to have seized the basilica, when they learned that I had given orders — that they were to be kept from the fellowship of communion — began to come to this assembly of ours. At the sight of them the women's hearts were thrown into alarm, and one rushed out. Yet the soldiers themselves declared that they had come to pray, not to do battle. Some of the people cried out; with what restraint, with what constancy, with what faith they begged that we should go to that basilica! In that basilica too it is reported that the people clamoured for my presence. Then I began this discourse: «You have heard, my children, the book of Job read, which is run through by solemn duty and in its appointed season.»

3:9

scivit ex usu hunc librum etiam diabolus intimandum, quo virtus omnis suae temptationis aperitur et proditur, et ideo se hodie motu maiore concussit. sed gratias Deo nostro, qui vos ita firmavit fide atque patientia. unum Iob miraturus ascenderam, omnes Iob quos mirarer inveni. in singulis vobis lob revixit, in singulis sancti illius patientia et virtus refulsit. quid enim praestantius dici potuit a Christianis viris quam id, quod hodie in vobis spiritus sanctus est locutus? "rogamus, Auguste, non pugnamus; non timemus, sed rogamus." hoc Christianos decet, ut et tranquillitas pacis optetur et fidei veritatisque constantia nec mortis revocetur periculo.

魔鬼也從牠的慣常經驗知道這書要被切實領受，因為在書中牠試探的一切能力都被揭露暴露；因此牠今日以更猛烈的震動搖撼自己。但要感謝我們的神，祂以信德和忍耐這樣堅固了你們。我本上去要讚嘆一位約伯，卻發現你們眾人都是我所要讚嘆的約伯。在你們每一個人身上，約伯都復活了；在每一個人身上，那聖者的忍耐和德行都閃耀出來。基督徒還能說出比聖靈今日在你們裡面所說的更卓越的話嗎？「奧古斯都啊，我們懇求，並不爭戰；我們不懼怕，乃是懇求。」這正合乎基督徒：當渴慕和平的安寧，並且信德與真理的堅定，連死亡的危險也不能將它收回。

From his practice the devil too knew that this book was to be brought home, for in it all the power of his temptation is laid bare and exposed; and therefore today he shook himself with a mightier convulsion. But thanks be to our God, who has so strengthened you in faith and patience. I had gone up meaning to admire one Job, and I found all of you to be Jobs whom I might admire. In each one of you Job has come to life again; in each one the patience and virtue of that holy man has shone out. For what more excellent thing could be said by Christian men than that which the Holy Spirit spoke today in you? «We entreat you, Augustus; we do not fight; we are not afraid, but we entreat.» This becomes Christians: that the tranquillity of peace be desired, and that constancy of faith and truth be not recalled even by the peril of death.