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拉克坦提烏斯

神聖原理與論逼迫者之死 第 1 章 第 6/6 段

拉丁文原文.7 節.部分字詞可點開查義.本章太長已分段,此段為 1:185–1:191(全章共 191 節)

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1:185
Didymus in libris g-exehgehseohs g-Pindarikehs ait, Melissea Cretensium regem primum diis sacrificasse, ac ritus nouos sacrorumque pompas introduxisse. Huius duas fuisse filias, Amalthaeam et Melissam, quae Iouem puerum caprino lacte ac melle nutrierunt. Unde poetica illa fabula originem sumpsit, aduolasse apes, atque os pueri melle complesse. Melissam uero a patre primam sacerdotem Matri magnae constitutam, unde adhuc eiusdem Matris antistites Melissae nuncupantur. Historia uero sacra testatur ipsum Iouem, postquam rerum potitus est, in tantam insolentiam uenisse, ut ipse sibi fana multis in locis constitueret.
狄狄摩斯(Didymus)在他《品達註釋》(Exegesis on Pindar)各卷中說,克里特人的王梅利塞俄斯(Melisseus)最先向諸神獻祭,並引進了新的祭儀與聖物的儀仗行列。他有兩個女兒,阿瑪爾忒亞(Amalthaea)和梅利薩(Melissa),她們用山羊奶與蜂蜜哺養了孩童朱庇特。那則詩中的寓言便由此而來,說有蜜蜂飛來,把蜜灌滿了孩童的口。梅利薩則是她父親最先指派作「大母神」(Mater magna)的女祭司,因此直到如今,這位母神的祭司們仍被稱為「梅利塞」(Melissae,意即蜜蜂)。但神聖的歷史見證說,朱庇特自己在掌權之後,竟狂妄到這等地步,以致在許多地方為自己設立神廟。
Didymus, in his books of 'Exegesis on Pindar,' says that Melisseus, king of the Cretans, was the first to sacrifice to the gods and to introduce new rites and ceremonial processions of sacred things. He had two daughters, Amalthaea and Melissa, who nourished the boy Jupiter with goat's milk and honey. Whence that poetic fable took its origin, that bees flew up and filled the boy's mouth with honey. And Melissa was first appointed priestess to the Great Mother by her father, whence even to this day the attendants of the same Mother are called Melissae (bees). But sacred history testifies that Jupiter himself, after he had gained power over things, came to such great insolence that he set up shrines to himself in many places.
1:186
Nam cum terras circuiret, ut in quamcumque regionem uenerat, reges principesue populorum hospitio sibi et amicitia copulabat, et cum a quoque digrederetur, iubebat sibi fanum creari hospitis sui nomine, quasi ita posset amicitiae et foederis memoria conseruari. Sic constituta sunt templa Ioui Atabyrio, Ioui Labrandio. Atabyrius enim et Labrandius hospites eius, atque adiutores in bello fuerunt. Item Ioui Laprio, Ioui Molioni, Ioui Casio, et quae sunt in eumdem modum. Quod ille astutissime excogitauit, ut et sibi honorem diuinum, et hospitibus suis perpetuum nomen acquireret cum religione coniunctum.
原來當他周遊各地時,無論進到哪一個地區,便藉款待與友誼把那些民族的君王或首領與自己聯結;當他從每處離去時,便吩咐人以接待他的東道之名為自己建立一座神祠,彷彿這樣便可保存友誼與盟約的記念。如此,便設立了「阿塔比里烏斯的朱庇特」(Iupiter Atabyrius)、「拉布蘭狄烏斯的朱庇特」(Iupiter Labrandius)等神廟。因為阿塔比里烏斯(Atabyrius)和拉布蘭狄烏斯(Labrandius)是他的東道,也是他戰時的助手。同樣還有「拉普里烏斯的朱庇特」、「莫利翁的朱庇特」、「卡西烏斯的朱庇特」,以及其餘同類的稱號。這是他極其狡猾地設計出來的,好為自己博取神聖之榮,又為他的東道們博取一個與宗教相連、永垂不朽的名聲。
For when he was traversing the lands, into whatever region he had come, he bound to himself by hospitality and friendship the kings or chief men of the peoples; and when he departed from each, he ordered a shrine to be founded for himself under the name of his host, as though in this way the memory of friendship and alliance might be preserved. Thus were established the temples to Jupiter Atabyrius, to Jupiter Labrandius. For Atabyrius and Labrandius were his hosts and helpers in war. Likewise to Jupiter Laprius, to Jupiter Molion, to Jupiter Casius, and others of the same kind. This he most craftily devised, that he might acquire for himself divine honour, and for his hosts a perpetual name joined with religion.
1:187
Gaudebant ergo illi, et hinc imperio eius libenter obsequebantur, et nominis sui gratia ritus annuos et festa celebrabant. Simile quiddam in Sicilia fecit Aeneas, cum conditae urbi Acestae hospitis nomen imposuit, ut eam postmodum laetus ac libens Acestes diligeret, augeret, ornaret. Hoc modo religionem cultus sui per orbem terrae Iupiter seminauit, et exemplum caeteris ad imitandum dedit. Siue igitur a Melisseo, sicut Didymus tradidit, colendorum deorum ritus effluxit; siue ab ipso quoque Ioue, ut Euhemerus; de tempore tamen constat quando dii coli coeperint. Melisseus quidem multum antecessit aetate, quippe qui educauerit Iouem nepotem.
因此那些人歡喜,便甘心服從他的命令,並為自己名聲的緣故每年舉行祭儀與節慶。埃涅阿斯(Aeneas)在西西里也做了類似的事,當他把自己所建的城以接待他的東道阿刻斯忒斯(Acestes)之名命名時,好叫阿刻斯忒斯日後歡喜甘願地珍愛、擴建、修飾那城。朱庇特就用這法子把敬拜自己的宗教撒遍全地,並給其他人立下可供效法的榜樣。那麼,無論敬拜諸神的祭儀是如狄狄摩斯所傳,源自梅利塞俄斯;抑或如歐赫墨魯斯(Euhemerus)所主張,源自朱庇特自己──就時間而論,諸神何時開始受敬拜,總是確定的。梅利塞俄斯在年代上實在遠遠在先,因為他養育了他的孫兒朱庇特。
They rejoiced, therefore, and hence willingly obeyed his command, and for the sake of their own name celebrated yearly rites and festivals. Aeneas did something similar in Sicily, when he gave to the city he founded the name of his host Acestes, so that afterwards Acestes, glad and willing, might cherish, enlarge, and adorn it. In this way Jupiter sowed throughout the world the religion of his own worship, and gave an example to others to imitate. Whether, then, the rite of worshipping the gods flowed forth from Melisseus, as Didymus has handed down, or from Jupiter himself, as Euhemerus holds—yet concerning the time it is established when the gods began to be worshipped. Melisseus indeed far preceded in age, since he reared Jupiter his grandson.
1:188
Et idcirco fieri potest, uel ut ante, uel adhuc puero Ioue deos colere instituerit, id est alumni sui matrem; et auiam Tellurem, quae fuit Urani coniux, et patrem Saturnum: et ipse hoc exemplo atque instituto Iouem ad tantam superbiam prouexerit, ut postea sibi diuinos honores auderet assumere. [1,23] CAPUT XXIII. Nunc quoniam uanarum superstitionum originem deprehendimus, superest ut etiam tempora colligamus, per quae fuerint illi quorum memoria colitur. Theophilus in libro de Temporibus ad Autolicum scripto ait, in historia sua Thallum dicere, quod Belus, quem Babylonii et Assyrii colunt, antiquior troiano bello fuisse inuenitur trecentis uiginti duobus annis:
因此也有可能,他是在朱庇特出生之前,或在朱庇特尚為孩童時,便設立了敬拜諸神之事──即敬拜他養子的母親;以及祖母「地母」(Tellus,烏拉諾斯之妻)和父親撒登:並且他自己藉這榜樣與制度,把朱庇特擡舉到如此驕傲的地步,以致後來朱庇特竟敢為自己僭取神聖之榮。第二十三章。如今我們既已查出虛妄迷信的起源,剩下的便是要把那些受人記念之神所存在的年代也彙集起來。提阿非羅(Theophilus)在他寫給奧托呂庫斯(Autolicus)論「年代」的書中說,塔盧斯(Thallus)在其歷史中陳述,巴比倫人與亞述人所敬拜的別路斯(Belus),經考查比特洛伊戰爭還要早三百二十二年:
And therefore it may be that he instituted the worship of the gods either before, or while Jupiter was still a boy—that is, the mother of his foster-child; and the grandmother Tellus (Earth), who was the wife of Uranus, and the father Saturn: and that he himself, by this example and institution, advanced Jupiter to such great pride that afterwards he dared to assume divine honours for himself. CHAPTER 23. Now, since we have detected the origin of vain superstitions, it remains that we should also collect the times during which those existed whose memory is worshipped. Theophilus, in his book on the Times written to Autolycus, says that in his history Thallus states that Belus, whom the Babylonians and Assyrians worship, is found to be older than the Trojan War by three hundred and twenty-two years:
1:189
Belum autem Saturno aequalem fuisse, et utrumque uno tempore adoleuisse. Quod adeo uerum est, ut ratione ipsa colligi possit. Nam et Agamemnon, qui gessit bellum Troicum, Iouis abnepos fuit, et Achilles Aiaxque pronepotes, et Ulysses eodem gradu proximus fuit; Priamus quidem longa serie. Sed auctores quidam tradunt, Dardanum et Iasium Coriti filios fuisse, non Iouis. Nec enim, si ita fuisset, ad usus impudicos Ganymedem pronepotem suum habere potuisset. Itaque parentibus illorum, quos supra nominaui, si congruentes annos diuidas, numerus consentiet. Ab excidio autem Troianae urbis colliguntur anni MCCCCLXX.
別路斯與撒登乃是同時代的人,二者同時成長。這事千真萬確,甚至可以憑推理本身得出。因為發動特洛伊戰爭的阿伽門農(Agamemnon),是朱庇特的玄孫,阿喀琉斯(Achilles)與埃阿斯(Aiax)是其曾孫,而尤利西斯(Ulysses,即奧德修斯)也屬同一輩中相近者;普里阿摩斯則隔了很長的世系。但有些作者記載,達耳達諾斯(Dardanus)與伊阿西俄斯(Iasius)是科律托斯(Corythus)之子,並非朱庇特之子。因為若非如此,朱庇特便不可能留著他自己的玄孫加尼墨得斯(Ganymedes)供他作可恥之用。所以,倘若你按合宜的比例去分配我上面所提那些人之父輩的年數,數目便會吻合。然而從特洛伊城被毀算起,已有一千四百七十年。
and that Belus was contemporary with Saturn, and both grew up at one time. This is so true that it can be gathered by reasoning itself. For Agamemnon, who waged the Trojan War, was the great-great-grandson of Jupiter, and Achilles and Ajax his great-grandsons, and Ulysses was next of the same degree; Priam indeed by a long line. But certain authors hand down that Dardanus and Iasius were the sons of Corythus, not of Jupiter. For otherwise, had it been so, he could not have kept Ganymede, his own great-grandson, for shameful uses. Therefore, if you apportion the years of the parents of those whom I named above, in due proportion, the number will agree. From the destruction of the city of Troy, however, there are reckoned 1,470 years.
1:190
Ex hac temporum ratione manifestum est, ante annos non amplius quam MDCCC natum esse Saturnum, qui et sator omnium deorum fuit. Non ergo isti glorientur sacrorum uetustate, quorum et origo, et ratio, et tempora deprehensa sunt. Restant adhuc aliqua, quae ad arguendas religiones falsas plurimum ualent. Sed iam finem facere libro decreui, ne modum excedat. Ea enim plenius sunt exequenda, ut omnibus refutatis, quae ueritati uidentur obstare, homines, qui bonorum ignorantia uagantur incerti, ad religionem ueram possimus imbuere. Primus autem sapientiae gradus est, falsa intelligere; secundus, uera cognoscere.
從這樣的年代推算,顯然撒登──他也是眾神的始祖──的出生不過距今一千八百年。所以這些人不可再誇耀他們祭儀的古老,因為其起源、緣由與年代都已被查明。還有一些事,對於駁倒虛假的宗教極具效力。但我如今決意要結束本卷,免得篇幅過長。因為那些事要更充分地論述,好叫凡看似攔阻真理之事都被駁倒之後,我們能把那些因不識善而徬徨無定的人,以真宗教加以薰陶。智慧的第一步乃是認識何為虛假;第二步乃是認識何為真實。
From this reckoning of times it is manifest that Saturn, who was also the begetter of all the gods, was born not more than 1,800 years ago. Let not these men, then, boast of the antiquity of their sacred rites, whose origin, and rationale, and dates have been detected. There still remain some things that have very great force for convicting the false religions. But I have now resolved to make an end of the book, lest it exceed due measure. For those matters are to be pursued more fully, so that, all things being refuted which seem to stand in the way of truth, we may be able to imbue with the true religion men who, through ignorance of what is good, wander about uncertain. Now the first step of wisdom is to understand what is false; the second, to recognize what is true.
1:191
Ergo apud quem haec prima institutio nostra profecerit, qua falsa deteximus, excitabitur ad ueri cognitionem, qua nulla est homini iucundior uoluptas; et erit iam sapientia coelestis disciplinae dignus, qui ad cognoscenda caetera libens ac paratus accesserit.
因此,凡在他身上,我們這頭一番教導──就是我們藉以揭露虛假的教導──已生功效的人,必被激發去認識真理,而對人來說再沒有比這更令人歡愉的喜樂了;他既甘心情願、預備妥當地前來學習其餘的真理,如今便配得享受那屬天教訓的智慧。
Therefore, in whomever this our first instruction has taken effect—by which we have uncovered what is false—he will be roused to the knowledge of the truth, than which no pleasure is more delightful to man; and he will now be worthy of the wisdom of heavenly teaching, who comes to learn the rest willingly and ready.
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