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Schola Salernitana
Regimen Sanitatis 1
Latin original · 15 verses · some words can be tapped for a gloss
1:1
Anglorum regi scribit schola tota Salerni:
Si vis incolumem, si vis te reddere sanum,
Curas tolle graves, irasci crede profanum,
Parce mero, coenato parum, non sit tibi vanum
Surgere post epulas, somnum fuge meridianum.
To the king of the English the whole School of Salerno writes:
If you would be unharmed, if you would render yourself sound,
Put away heavy cares, and believe it impious to be angry;
Drink wine sparingly, sup but little, and let it not seem vain to you
To rise after meals, and shun the midday sleep.
撒勒諾全院致函英格蘭王：
你若願平安無恙，你若願使自己康健，
當除去沉重的憂慮，要視動怒為褻瀆之事；
飲純酒當有節制，晚餐宜少，且不要以為徒然——
用餐之後當起身走動，並當避免午間之睡。
1:2
Si tibi deficiant medici, medici tibi fiant
Haec tria: mens hilaris, requies, moderata diaeta.
His tribus utendum est: stomacho, pedibusque, caputque
Haec semper calida tria sint, cetera vero frigida.
If physicians fail you, let these three be your physicians:
A cheerful mind, rest, and a moderate diet.
These three you must employ. Let these three—the stomach, the feet, and the head—
Be ever warm; but let the rest be kept cool.
你若缺乏醫生，就讓這三樣作你的醫生：
愉快的心、安歇，以及有節制的飲食。
這三樣你務要採用。要使這三處——腸胃、雙足與頭——
常保溫暖；至於其餘各處，則要保持涼爽。
1:3
Vina probantur odore, colore, sapore, nitore.
Vinum da aegris, febres et enim pellit, hebetatque dolores.
Potio post balneum semper tibi sit vinum clarum;
Post balneum modicum bibas et posce iocundum.
Wines are judged by their bouquet, color, savor, and brilliance.
Give wine to the sick, for indeed it drives off fevers and dulls pains.
Let your drink after the bath always be clear wine;
After the bath drink in moderation, and call for what is pleasant.
酒的好壞，憑其香氣、色澤、滋味與光潤而辨。
當把酒給病人，因為它確能驅退熱病，又能緩解疼痛。
沐浴之後的飲品，務要常是清澈的酒；
沐浴之後當適量而飲，並要取那令人暢快的。
1:4
Post coenam stabis, aut passus mille meabis.
Sit brevis, aut nullus, tibi somnus meridianus.
Haec observantes in cunctis tempora vitae,
Longaeva valebunt, seniumque tarda senectus.
After supper you shall stand, or walk a thousand paces.
Let your midday sleep be brief, or none at all.
Those who observe these things in all the seasons of life
Shall enjoy long health, and old age shall be slow to bring decline.
晚餐之後你當站立，或步行千步。
你午間之睡當短促，或全然不睡。
凡在人生各個時節遵守這些規範的，
必享長久的健康，衰老也必遲遲方至。
1:5
Quattuor humores in hominis corpore consistunt:
Sanguis, phlegma simul, cholera, melancholia.
Sanguis laetitiam tribuit, phlegma tarditatem,
Cholera iram movet, melancholia tristitiam.
Four humors exist in the body of man:
Blood, phlegm together, choler, and melancholy.
Blood bestows cheerfulness, phlegm sluggishness,
Choler stirs up anger, melancholy sadness.
人體之中有四種體液存在：
血液、黏液、黃膽汁，以及黑膽汁。
血液帶來歡愉，黏液帶來遲緩，
黃膽汁激動怒氣，黑膽汁引發憂鬱。
1:6
Herba salutaris multis est utilis aegris,
Si modo recte adhibetur et arte medentis.
Salvia, ruta, rosa, cum menta atque absinthio crescunt
In horto medici, qui corpus saepe tuetur.
Harum virtutes diversae, sed una salubris
Intentio est: morbos pellere, membra iuvare.
The healing herb is useful to many of the sick,
If only it be rightly applied and by the physician's art.
Sage, rue, and rose, with mint and wormwood, grow
In the physician's garden, which often guards the body.
Their virtues are diverse, but one wholesome
Purpose they share: to drive off diseases and aid the limbs.
醫治的草藥對許多病人有益，
只要它得了正確的施用，又憑醫者之術。
鼠尾草、芸香、玫瑰，連同薄荷與苦艾，
都生長在醫生的園中，那園常護衛人的身體。
它們的功效各有不同，但都有一個有益的
用意：驅退疾病，扶助肢體。
1:7
Allium acre quidem, sed multis utile rebus:
Pestis enim pellit, venenis obviat acris,
Frigora discutit et stomachi mala multa repellit.
Rustica gens illo gaudet maximeque sanis;
Delicati autem fastidiunt, sed arte medentis
Saepius usi sunt cum febribus aspera vincunt.
Garlic is indeed pungent, yet useful for many things:
For it drives off plague, counters sharp poisons,
Dispels chills and repels many ills of the stomach.
The country folk delight in it, and most of all the healthy;
But the delicate loathe it—yet by the physician's art
more often used, they overcome harsh ailments along with fevers.
大蒜的味道確實辛辣，卻在許多事上有用：
因為它能驅退瘟疫，抵擋猛烈的毒物，
驅散寒氣，又排除腸胃的諸般病患。
鄉間之人喜愛它，健壯者尤甚；
嬌弱之人卻厭惡它——但藉醫者之術
較常使用，便能連同熱病一同克服那些難纏之症。
1:8
Lac recens calidum stomachum et morbos levat aegros,
Si quis id in primo sumpserit orbe diei.
Lac caprinum laudatur et ovinum praeter bovinum;
Lac vero acidum, quod serum de lacte vocatur,
Purgat et intestina iuvat et bilem reprimit atram.
Fresh, warm milk relieves the stomach and eases sick conditions,
If one takes it in the first round of the day.
Goat's milk is praised, and sheep's, above cow's;
But sour milk, that which is called whey from milk,
purges, aids the intestines, and checks the black bile.
新鮮溫熱的乳汁能舒緩腸胃，又能減輕病患，
人若在一日之初飲用它。
山羊乳得稱讚，綿羊乳亦然，皆勝於牛乳；
至於酸乳，就是那從乳汁分出、稱為乳清的，
能清瀉，又有益於腸子，並能抑制黑膽汁。
1:9
Ova recentia, mollia, semisupina leguntur
Aptius aegrotis quam cruda aut assa vel usta.
Ovum sorbile maximum dat vires recreatque
Debilibus: vitellus enim calidus fovet artus,
Albumen vero frigidum temperat ardorem.
Fresh eggs, soft and half-set, are reckoned
more fitting for the sick than those raw, or roasted, or scorched.
A sip-able egg gives the greatest strength and restores
the feeble: for the yolk, being warm, cherishes the limbs,
while the white, being cold, tempers the heat.
新鮮的蛋，半凝而柔嫩的，被認為
比生的、烤的或焦的更適合病人。
可啜飲的溏心蛋給人最大的力量，又能恢復
軟弱之人：因為蛋黃性溫，能溫養肢體，
而蛋白性涼，能調和體內的燥熱。
1:10
Carnes assatae melius quam elixae probantur:
Nam plus nutrimenti solidioris in illis habetur.
Caro vitulina et pullorum maxime laudatur,
Porcina vero nisi bene cocta nocet stomacho.
Agni et haedi caro tenera et facilis concoctu
Convenit imbecillis et senibus maxime sanis.
Roasted meats are reckoned better than boiled,
For there is more nourishment, of a more solid kind, in them.
Veal and the flesh of young fowls are especially praised;
but pork, unless well cooked, harms the stomach.
The flesh of lamb and kid, tender and easy to digest,
suits the weak, and old men most of all who are sound.
燒烤的肉被認為勝過水煮的，
因為其中含有更多、更為扎實的養分。
小牛肉和雛禽之肉尤其得稱讚；
至於豬肉，若非煮得熟透，便會傷腸胃。
羔羊與小山羊的肉，柔嫩而易於消化，
適合體弱者，也最適合康健的老人。
1:11
Piscis amnis an maris melior, multa est quaestio:
Marinus solidior et purior habetur a multis;
Fluvialis autem tenerior et facilior concoctu.
Qui in petris et in aqua currente vivit, optimus;
Qui in stagnis et limo degit, minus probatur
Propter humorem terrenum quem corpore gestat.
Whether river fish or sea fish is better is much disputed:
The sea fish is reckoned by many more solid and purer;
but the river fish is more tender and easier to digest.
That which lives among rocks and in running water is best;
that which dwells in pools and mud is less esteemed,
because of the earthy humor which it carries in its body.
河魚與海魚孰優，乃是多有爭議之事：
海魚被許多人認為更為扎實、更為潔淨；
但河魚卻更柔嫩，且更易於消化。
那生活在岩石間並活水中的，最為上佳；
那棲於池沼與泥淖中的，則較不受推崇，
因為牠身上帶著一種泥土的體液。
1:12
Aqua fontis viva et pura omnium optima habetur:
Haec enim levissima et purissima creditur esse.
Aqua pluvialis, si per purum colligitur aethrem,
Proxima est; putei vero tardior et gravior fit.
Palustris pessima: febres et multos morbos parit,
Nec bibenda nisi coacto et extrema necessitate.
Living, pure spring water is reckoned the best of all:
For it is believed to be the lightest and purest.
Rainwater, if it be gathered through clear air,
comes next; but well water proves slower and heavier.
Marsh water is the worst: it breeds fevers and many diseases,
and is not to be drunk except under compulsion and in utmost necessity.
活而潔淨的泉水被認為是一切水中最佳的：
因為它被認為是最輕、最純的。
雨水，若是經由潔淨的空氣所聚集，
便居其次；至於井水，則顯得較滯、較重。
沼澤之水最為惡劣：它生發熱病和許多疾病，
除非在被迫和萬不得已之下，不可飲用。
1:13
Aer purus et subtilis, aer monti vicinus,
Corporibus sanis aptissimus iudicatur.
Aer autem paludum et locorum humidorum pestilentem
Vaporem trahit qui febres et morbos parit acutos.
Propter hoc sanis habitatio salubris eligenda est,
In locis siccis et apricis et ventis opportunis.
Pure and subtle air, air near the mountain,
is judged most fitting for healthy bodies.
But the air of marshes and damp places draws up a pestilent
vapor which breeds fevers and acute diseases.
For this reason a wholesome dwelling is to be chosen by the healthy,
in places dry and sunny and with favorable winds.
潔淨而清輕的空氣，臨近山嶺的空氣，
被判定為最適合健康的身體。
但沼澤與潮濕之地的空氣，卻吸引一種致病的
瘴氣，那瘴氣生發熱病和急性的疾病。
為此緣故，健康之人當揀選有益健康的居所，
要在乾燥、向陽、且有合宜之風的地方。
1:14
Exercitio corpus viget et vires auget honestas;
Otium vero corpus hebetat et torporem inducit.
Post cibum grave est exercitatio, ante levior fit;
Mane autem optima hora est, dum stomachos vacuus est.
Moderate fatigatio prodest, nimia vero nocet
Et morbos generat quos curare difficile est.
By exercise the body flourishes and gains honorable strength;
but idleness dulls the body and brings on torpor.
After food exercise is burdensome, before it lighter;
but morning is the best hour, while the stomach is empty.
Moderate fatigue is beneficial, but excessive harmful,
and it breeds diseases which are difficult to cure.
藉著運動，身體興旺，又增添可敬的力量；
但懶散卻使身體遲鈍，並招致倦怠。
進食之後運動是沉重的負擔，進食之前則較為輕鬆；
而清晨乃是最佳的時辰，趁腸胃空虛之時。
適度的勞累有益，過度的卻有害，
並生發那些難以醫治的疾病。
1:15
Haec Salerni schola praecepit, haec schola tradidit,
Ut sanus vivat qui legit et intelligit.
Rex Anglorum, accipe haec et serve diligenter:
Si his parueris, longa vita tibi erit et sana.
Medici autem non semper adesse possunt; tu ipse
Tuae salutis custos esto et moderator vitae.
These things the School of Salerno has prescribed, these the school has handed down,
that he who reads and understands may live in health.
King of the English, receive these things and keep them diligently:
if you obey them, you shall have a long life and a healthy one.
But physicians cannot always be present; you yourself
be the guardian of your own health and the governor of your life.
這些事乃是撒勒諾學院所訓誨的，這些事是學院所傳授的，
為要叫凡誦讀而領會的人得以健康地生活。
英格蘭王啊，當領受這些事，並殷勤遵守：
你若聽從這些，必得長壽，又得健康。
然而醫生不能常在你身旁；你自己
當作你自己健康的守護者，並你生命的治理者。