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聖山宣言 第 1 章 第 15/17 段

希臘文原文.123 節.部分字詞可點開查義.本章太長已分段,此段為 1:1730–1:1852(全章共 2009 節)

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1:1730
Οὐ μήν ἀλλ εἰ καί τῶν ἄλλων πάντων κατεψεύσατο, εἷς γάρ ἐπιλάμπει ἥλιος ἡμᾶς, πλείου δέ φωστῆρες, πλεῖστοι δέ ἀστέρες, ἀλλ ἑαυτόῦ γε ἕνεκα οὐκ ἔψευσται˙ εἷς γάρ ὤν, οὐχ εἷς ἐστι ταῖς διαλέξεσιν, ἀλλ ἄλλος καί ἐναντίος ἑαυτῷ
然而,縱使他對一切別的事都說了謊——因為照亮我們的太陽只有一個,而發光體則更多,星辰則最為眾多——至少論到他自己,他卻沒有說謊;因為他雖是一個人,在他的論述中卻不是「一」,乃是與自己相異、相反的。
Yet even if he has falsely spoken against all other things—for one sun illumines us, but more are the luminaries, and most numerous the stars—at least concerning himself he has not lied; for being one, he is not 'one' in his discourses, but another and contrary to himself.
1:1731
γάρ ἐνταῦθα μή καθ ὕπαρξιν ἕν εἶναι τόν Θεόν ἰσχυριζόμενος, ἀκούσατε τί λέγει ἀνωτέρω˙ἅ ἐστι ταῖς ἄλλαις οὐσίαις τά καθ αὐτό αὐταῖς λεγόμενα, ταῦτα καί τῷ Θεῷ τά περί αὐτόν λεγόμενα ὑπάρχει˙ οὐ γάρ ἐνδέχεται εἶναί τε καί μή˙ εἴ τις οὖν ἔροιτό σε, φησί, ταῦταἅ φῄς περί Θεόν εἶναι ἀνυπόστατά ἐστινἤ μετέχει τινός ὑπάρξεως;
因為那在此爭辯「神並非『按自存』為一」之人——你且聽他在上文所說的:「凡對別的本質而言、就其自身(per se)而論之物,這些論到神時,便作為『環繞祂之物』(peri auton)屬於祂;因為它們不可能既存在又不存在。那麼,」他說,「若有人問你:你所說這些『環繞神之物』,是無自存的呢,還是分受某種自存呢?」
For he who here contends that God is not one 'by subsistence'—hear what he says above: 'Those things which, to other essences, are said of them in respect of themselves (per se), these, said of God, belong to him as the things around him (peri auton); for it is not possible for them both to be and not to be. If, then, someone should ask you,' he says, 'are these things which you say to be around God non-subsistent, or do they partake of some subsistence?'
1:1732
καί εἰ τοῦτο, οὐσίαι εἰσίν ( σελ
「並且若是後者,它們便是本質了(頁……)
'And if this (latter), they are essences (p. ...)
1:1733
πῶς ἐκφεύξῃ τό καί μή οὐσίαν θείαν ἀποδεικτήν λέγειν;
)那麼你又怎能逃避『有一個可論證的神聖本質』之說呢?
) how will you escape saying that a demonstrable divine essence also (exists)?
1:1734
Ἐπειδή πᾶνἤ οὐσίαἤ συμβεβηκός, τά δέ περί Θεόν συμβεβηκότα οὔκ εἰσιν, οὐσίαι ἄρα τοῦ Θεοῦ εἰσιν˙ εἰ οὖν τούτων τί τις φαίη γινώσκειν, καί τήν οὐσίαν ἄρα λέγει τοῦ Θεοῦ γνωστήν εἶναι καί ἀποδεκτήν
「既然凡物若非本質便是偶性,而那些環繞神之物又非偶性,那麼它們便是神的本質了;那麼,若有人說他認識這些中的任何一個,他便是說神的本質也是可知、可論證的了。」
'Since everything is either an essence or an accident, and the things around God are not accidents, therefore they are essences of God; if, then, someone should say that he knows any of these, then he says that the essence of God too is knowable and demonstrable.'
1:1735
γοῦν μηδέν εἶναι λέγων τόν Θεόν καθ ὕπαρξιν, πάντα νῦν αὖθις λέγει τοῦτο εἶναι καθ ὕπαρξιν τῷ συμπεριληπτικῷ τῆς διαιρέσεως ἀναγκαίως πρός τοῦτο συνωθῶν ἡμᾶς ὥςγ οἴεται
如此,那說「神按自存乃是無有」的人,如今反過來又說祂「按自存」乃是這一切,並憑那二分法那包羅萬有的(力量),把我們強行推向此處,如他所以為的。
So he who says that God is nothing 'by subsistence,' now in turn says that he is all this 'by subsistence,' forcibly thrusting us toward this, as he thinks, by the all-comprehensive (force) of the division.
1:1736
Ἐνῆν μέν οὖν δεῖξαι ὡς οὐδέ τά ὄντα πάντα τῇ διαιρέσει ταύτῃ συμπερικλείεται˙ εἰ δέ καί συμπεριβάλλεται, οὐδ οὕτως ἀνάγκη τό ὑπέρ τό ὄν συμπεριειλῆφθαι τῇ τῶν ὄντων διαιρέσει˙ ὑποστάτης γάρ κατά τόν μέγα Διονύσιον τούτων ἐστίν Θεός, ἀλλ οὐχ ὑπό τούτων συνέστηκεν αὐτός, οὐδέ τι συντελοῦσι τά περί Θεόν εἰς τό εἶναι τό Θεόν, οὐδέ γνωστή ἐστιν αὐτοῦ φύσις, ἵνα καί διαφοράν οὐσιώδη σχοίη, καθά καί Βασίλειος μέγας λέγει
如今,本可顯明:連一切存有都未必被這二分法所包羅;但縱使(它們)被包羅了,連如此也不能必然推出「那超乎存有者」也被諸存有的二分所包羅;因為照偉大的丟尼修所說,神乃是這些事物的「設立者」,祂自己卻不是被它們所構成的,那些環繞神之物也絲毫無助於神之存在,祂的本性也不是可知的,以致祂會有本質上的差異,正如偉大的巴西流所說。
Now it was possible to show that not even all beings are comprehended by this division; but even if (they) are comprehended, not even thus is it necessary that 'that which is above being' be comprehended by the division of beings; for God, according to the great Dionysius, is the establisher of these things, but he himself is not constituted by them, nor do the things around God contribute anything to God's being, nor is his nature knowable, so as to have an essential difference, as Basil the Great also says.
1:1737
Κυρίως γάρ ὤν καί προών καί μόνος ὤν καί ἁπλῶς καί ἑνιαίως ὤν, διαφορᾶς οὐδεμιᾶς δεῖται εἰς τό εἶναι˙ τοῖς γάρ μετ ἐκεῖνον πολλοῖς οὖσι δεῖ διαστολῆς˙ οὔκου οὐσίαι Θεοῦ τά περί τόν Θεόν, ἀλλ αὐτός ἐστιν οὐσία τῶν περί αὐτόν
因為祂乃是本義上的存有,是先存的、惟一存在的、單純而合一地存在的,並不需要任何差異才能存在;因為那些在祂之後的眾多者才需要區分。那麼,那些環繞神之物並非神的本質,倒是祂自己乃是那些環繞祂之物的本質。
For being in the proper sense, and pre-existent, and alone existent, and simply and unitarily existent, he needs no difference in order to be; for those many that are after him need distinction. The things around God, then, are not essences of God, but he himself is the essence of the things around him.
1:1738
μέν ἐστιν αὐτός οὐσία, ἄρρητός τε καί ἀπερινόητος, δέ ἐστιν οὐσία τῶν ὄντων, καί ζωή τῶν ζώντων καί σοφία τῶν σοφιζομένων καί ἁπλῶς πάντων τῶν τοῦ εἶναι καί τοῦ εὖ εἶναι μετεχόντων ὀντότης, ἵν οὕτως εἴπω, καί δύναμις καλλοποιός, καί νοεῖται καί λέγεται καί ἀποδείκνυται, εἰ καί μή ἐφ ὅσον ἐστίν
就祂自己乃是本質而言,祂是不可言喻、不可思議的;但就祂乃是諸存有的本質、活物的生命、智者的智慧,以及簡言之,一切分受「存有」與「美好存有」者的「存有性」(姑且這樣說)與那造美的能力而言,祂既被領會、被言說,也被論證——縱然並非就「祂之所是」而言。
In so far as he himself is essence, he is ineffable and inconceivable; but in so far as he is the essence of beings, and the life of the living, and the wisdom of the wise, and simply the 'beingness' (so to speak) of all that partake of being and of well-being, and a beauty-making power, he is both conceived and spoken and demonstrated—even if not in so far as he is.
1:1739
Εἰ δέ καί ὑπάρξεώς τινος μετέχει τά περί Θεόν, οὐχ ὡς οὐσίαι, οὐδ ὡς ἀνυπόστατα, καθάπερ δικαιοῖς αὐτός, ἀλλ ὡς ἐνέργειαι οὖσαι τοῦ Θεοῦ˙ εἰ δέ τά τῶν ἐνεργειῶν ἀποτελέσματά τις εἴποι, καί τούτων οὐσίαι μέν ἔστιν , θεῖαιδ οὔμενουν
並且,那些環繞神之物若分受某種自存,那也不是作為本質,也不是(如你所裁定的)作為無自存之物,乃是作為神的「能力(運行)」;而若有人稱它們為那些能力的「果效」,那麼這些之中也有些是本質——卻斷然不是神聖的本質。
And if the things around God partake of some subsistence, it is not as essences, nor as non-subsistent (as you decree), but as being energies of God; and if anyone should call them the effects of the energies, of these too some are essences—yet by no means divine ones.
1:1740
) ἀλλ ἵνα τό πλῆθος ἀφῶ τῶνπαρ αὐτοῦ θείων οὐσιῶν λεγομένων, ὡς μή καί αὐτός πλήθει περιπέσω λόγων, εἰ τά περί Θεόν λεγόμενα τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐστιν οὐσίαι, περί Θεόν δέ λέγεται καί τά κτίσματα, ὡς πολλαχοῦ τῆς ἱερᾶς εὕροι τις ἄν Γραφῆς, κτιστή ἔσται κατ αὐτόν οὐσία τοῦ Θεοῦ
)但——為叫我略過他所稱那一大堆「神聖本質」,免得我也落入言語的繁多——那些被稱為「環繞神」之物若是神的本質,而受造之物也被稱為「環繞神」(如人在聖經許多處所能尋見的),那麼照他所說,神的本質便將是受造的了。
) But—that I may pass over the multitude of the 'divine essences' so called by him, lest I too fall into a multitude of words—if the things said to be around God are essences of God, but creatures too are said to be 'around God,' as one may find in many places of sacred Scripture, then according to him the essence of God will be created.
1:1741
Καί μήν τό σοφόν καί ἀγαθόν καί τό φῶς καί ζωή καί ὅσα σχεδόν λέγεται περί αὐτόν δι ὀνομάτων προαγόμενα, πῶς ἄν οὐσία εἴη, τῶν ὀνομάτων, εἴ τις ἐξετάσειε, μηδ ἐφ ἡμῶν οὐσιῶν ἀλλ ἐνεργειῶν δηλωτικῶν γε ὄντων;
並且,「智慧」、「良善」、「光」、「生命」以及幾乎一切藉名稱論到祂之物——它們怎能是本質呢?既然這些名稱,人若查考,連在我們自己的情形上都不是指本質,乃是指能力(運行)。
And indeed, 'the wise' and 'the good' and 'light' and 'life' and nearly all the things said about him, brought forward by way of names—how could they be essence, since the names, if one examine, are not even in our own case indicative of essences, but of energies?
1:1742
Πῶς ἄν οὖν ἐπί Θεοῦ τά ὀνόματα οὐσίαν φαίη τις, ὅπου γε οὐδ ἄν λόγος εὑρεθείη σημαντικός τῆς ὑπερουσιότητος ἐκείνης;
那麼,在神的情形上,人又怎能說那些名稱乃是本質呢?既然連一個能指明那超本質性之物的詞都尋不見。
How, then, could anyone say the names to be essence in the case of God, seeing that not even a word could be found significative of that supra-essentiality?
1:1743
καί πᾶσι τοῖς ἐξ αἰῶνος ὑμνολόγοις αὐτῆς
……並對一切從亙古以來頌讚它的人(亦然)。
...and to all the hymn-singers of it from of old.
1:1744
Ἐπεί τοίνυν περί αὐτήν πάντα τήν θεαρχικήν ὑπερουσιότητα, τά δέ περί αὐτήν οὐσίαι θεῖαι κατά σέ, πάντα ἄρα θεῖαι οὐσίαι κατά σέ εἰσιν
那麼,既然萬物都「環繞」那神治的超本質性,而那些環繞它之物,照你所說,乃是「神聖的本質」,那麼照你所說,萬物便都是「神聖的本質」了。
Since, then, all things are 'around' that thearchic supra-essentiality, and the things around it are, according to you, 'divine essences,' therefore all things, according to you, are 'divine essences.'
1:1745
Ἔτι, ἐπεί μή μόνον αἱ θέσεις, ἀλλά καί ἀφαιρέσεις τῶν περί Θεόν εἰσιν, ἔσονται καί αὗται θεῖαι οὐσίαι κατά σέ, καίτοι μή πεφυκυῖαι δηλοῦν ἐστιν, ἀλλ μή ἐστιν
再者,既然不單那些肯定,連那些否定也在那「環繞神之物」之列,那麼照你所說,這些也將是「神聖的本質」了——雖然它們按本性並非用以指明(祂)「是什麼」,乃是指明(祂)「不是什麼」。
Again, since not only the affirmations but also the negations are among the things 'around God,' these too will be 'divine essences' according to you—although they are by nature not such as to signify what (he) is, but what (he) is not.
1:1746
Ἀλλ εἰ μή αὗται, καίτοι μᾶλλον τῶν περί Θεόν θέσεων ἁρμόττουσαι Θεοῷ, πῶς ἄρ αἱ θέσεις εἶεν ἄν οὐσίαι θεῖαι;
但這些若不是(本質),雖然它們比那些「環繞神之物」的肯定更適合神,那麼那些肯定又怎能是「神聖的本質」呢?
But if these are not (essences), although they fit God more than the affirmations of the things around God do, how then could the affirmations be 'divine essences'?
1:1747
Πῶς δέ καίἅ ταῖς ἄλλαις οὐσίαις τά καθ αὑτό, ταῦτα Θεῷ τά περί αὐτόν ἐστιν;
再者,那些對別的本質而言乃是「就其自身」(per se)之物,怎麼對神卻是「環繞祂」之物呢?
And how are the things which, to other essences, are 'in respect of themselves' (per se), these to God 'around him'?
1:1748
Ἐπεί φησί μή ἔστιν εἶναί τε καί μή
既然他說:「不可能既存在又不存在。」
Since he says: 'it is not possible both to be and not to be.'
1:1749
Τό γάρ καθ αὑτό τινι ὑπάρχον οὐκ ἔνι ( σελ
因為凡「就其自身」(per se)屬於某物之物,便不能(頁……)
For that which belongs to something 'in respect of itself' (per se) cannot (p. ...)
1:1750
) κατ ἔνι κατ οὐδένα τρόπον μή εἶναι τοῦτο ἐκεῖνο
)在任何意義上都不屬於那物。
) in any way at all not belong to that thing.
1:1751
Καθ αὑτό ὑπάρχει τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ τό εἶναι λογικόν˙ οὐκ ἔνι γοῦν τόν ἄνθρωπον μή εἶναι λογικόν
「有理性」乃是就人自身(per se)而屬於人的;那麼,人不可能不是有理性的。
'To be rational' belongs to man in respect of himself (per se); it is not possible, then, for man not to be rational.
1:1752
Τῶν δέ περί Θεόν λεγομένων, ζωή τε καί οὐσία καί δύναμις, ἀλλά καί πάντων τούτων ὑπερεξηρημένος ὑπάρχει Θεός καθ ὑπεροχήν μή εἶναι ταῦτα λέγεται, καί τοῦ εἶναι ταῦτα τό μή εἶναι θεοπρεστέστερόν τε καί ἀληθέστερον˙ οὐκ ἄρα τῷ Θεῷ τά περί αὐτόνἅ ταῖς ἄλλαις οὐσίαις τά καθ αὑτό
但那些被稱為「環繞神」之物——生命、本質與能力——神其實是超越地遠離連這一切的,並藉超越的方式被說為「不是」這些;而這些之「不是」,比這些之「是」更配神、更真實。所以,那些環繞神之物,對神而言,並不像那「就其自身」之物對別的本質那樣。
But of the things said to be 'around God'—life and essence and power—God is in fact transcendently removed even from all these, and is said, by way of transcendence, 'not to be' these; and the 'not being' of these is more God-befitting and truer than the 'being' of these. Therefore the things around God are not to God what, to other essences, the 'per se' things are.
1:1753
Οὐ μόνον δέ τά ἀντιφατικῶς ἀντικείμενα λέγεται ἅμα ἐπί τοῦ Θεοῦ ἀλλά καί τἀναντία˙ φῶς γάρ ὡς ἱμάτιον λέγεται περιβλῆσθαι καί φῶς οἰκεῖν ἀπρόσιτον, ἀλλά καί ἔθετο σκότος ἀποκρυφήν αὐτοῦ καί γνόφος ὑπό τούς πόδας αὐτοῦ˙ ταῖς δέ ἄλλαις οὐσίαις οὐκ ἔνι καθ αὐτό τά ἐναντία εἶναι˙ τῶν ἀδυνάτων ἄρ εἶναι τῷ Θεῷ τά περί αὐτόνἅ τά καθ αὑτό τοῖς ἄλλοις
並且,論到神的,不單是那些矛盾相對之事被同時說出,連那些相反之事也是如此;因為「光」被說成「披上如衣袍」,祂又被說成「住在人不能靠近的光中」,然而「祂以黑暗為藏身之處」,並「濃密的幽暗在祂腳下」;但對別的本質而言,相反之物是不能「就其自身」(per se)屬於它們的。所以,那些環繞神之物對祂而言,斷不能像那「就其自身」之物對別物那樣。
And not only are contradictorily-opposed things said at once of God, but even contraries; for 'light' is said to be put on 'as a garment,' and he is said to 'dwell in unapproachable light,' yet also 'he made darkness his hiding-place' and 'thick gloom under his feet'; but to other essences it is not possible for contraries to belong 'in respect of themselves' (per se). Therefore it is among the impossibilities that the things around God be to him what the 'per se' things are to others.
1:1754
Ἔτι τῶν περί τόν Θεόν τά μέν μᾶλλον λέγεται, τάδ ἧττον, καί ἐπί τῶν θέσεων, μᾶλλον γάρ ζωήἤ αὔρα, καί ἐπί τῶν ἀφαιρέσεων, εἰ καί ἀντεστραμμένως, μᾶλλον γάρ οὐκ αὔραἤ οὐχί ζωή˙ καί αἱ ἀφαιρέσεις δέ πᾶσαι τῶν θέσεων πασῶν μᾶλλον προσήκουσι Θεῷ
再者,那些環繞神之物,有些被說為「更」,有些被說為「較不」,這在肯定的情形上是如此——因為「生命」(被說)多過「微風」——在否定的情形上也是如此,只是相反——因為「非微風」(被說)多過「非生命」;並且一切否定都比一切肯定更適合神。
Again, of the things around God, some are said 'more' and some 'less,' both in the case of affirmations—for 'life' (is said) more than 'breeze'—and in the case of negations, though inversely—for 'not breeze' (is said) more than 'not life'; and all the negations befit God more than all the affirmations.
1:1755
Τῶν δέ καθ αὑτό ταῖς ἄλλαις οὐσίαις οὐδέν μᾶλλον καί ἧττον πρόσεστιν αὐταῖς, οὐδέ γάρ μᾶλλον ἄνθρωπος ζῶονἤ λογικόν˙ ἐπεί γάρ οὐδ οὐσία μᾶλλον οὐσίας οὐδ οὐσιῶδες ἕτερον ἑτέρου μᾶλλον
但那些「就其自身」屬於別的本質之物,沒有一個是「更」或「較不」屬於它們的;因為人之為「動物」並不多於為「有理性」;既然一個本質之為本質並不多於另一本質,一個本質性的(謂詞)也不多於另一個。
But of the 'per se' things belonging to other essences, none belongs to them 'more' and 'less'; for man is not 'more' an animal than rational; since neither is one essence 'more' an essence than another, nor is one essential (predicate) 'more' so than another.
1:1756
Καί μέν δή τετραχῶς τοῦ καθ αὑτό λεγομένου, καί οὐδένα τρόπον τά περί Θεόν ἄν εἴη καθ αὑτό˙ οὔτε γάρ δι αὐτά τό θεῖον, καί γάρ ἀναίτιον, οὔτε ἐν τῷ λόγῳ ταῦτα τῷ τί ἐστι Θεός, δεικνύντι, καί γάρ οὐδ ἐφεῖται ζητεῖν ὅλως τί ἐστι Θεός, ἀλλ οὐδέ τό θεῖον ἐν τῷ λόγῳ ἄν αὐτῶν ληφθείη, καί γάρ ὑπέρ ἔννοιαν τό θεῖον
並且,「就其自身(per se)」既以四種方式被言說,那麼那些環繞神之物,斷不能(對祂)是「就其自身」的;因為那神聖者並非因它們而有,既然祂是無緣由的;它們也不(含)在「神是什麼」之定義(logos)中,既然連「神是什麼」都全然不准探求;那神聖者也不能被納入它們的定義中,既然那神聖者超乎領會。
And indeed, 'the per se' being said in four ways, in no way could the things around God be 'per se' (to him); for the Divine is not on account of them, since it is causeless; nor are these (contained) in the account (logos) of 'what God is,' since it is not even permitted at all to inquire 'what God is'; nor again could the Divine be taken in the account of them, since the Divine is above conception.
1:1757
) Αὐθυπόστατα δέ πῶς ἄν εἴη, μέχρις ἄν καθ ὑποκειμένου πως λέγοιτο καί τό εἶναι περί τι μή ἀποβάλλοι;
)再者,它們既被說為某種「論及一主體」之物,又不脫去那「環繞某物」之性,又怎能是「自存的」呢?
) And how could they be 'self-subsistent,' so long as they are said somehow 'of a subject' and do not cast off 'being around' something?
1:1758
Διατί δέ καί μή καθ αὑτό αὐτά φαμεν Θεῷ ἀλλά περί Θεόν;
再者,我們為何不說這些「就其自身」(per se)屬於神,乃說它們「環繞神」呢?
And why do we not say these things to belong to God 'per se,' but 'around God'?
1:1759
Ἐπεί δέ καί Γρηγόριος τῆς θεολογίας ἐπώνυμος οὐκ ἐκ τῶν κατ αὐτόν, ἀλλ ἐκ τῶν περί αὐτῶν φησι γινώσκειν τόν Θεόν ἡμᾶς, συμβήσεται κατά τόν τοῦ φιλοσόφου λόγον οὕτω γινώσκειν ἡμᾶς τόν Θεόν, ὡς καί τάς ἄλλας οὐσίας γινώσκομεν˙ ἐκ γάρ τῶν καθ αὑτό αὐταῖς ὑπαρχόντων γινώσκομεν αὐτάς, ταῦτα δέ Θεῷ τά περί αὐτόν ἐστι λεγόμενα ἐξ ὧν αὐτόν γινώσκομεν
並且,既然那以「神學」為名的貴格利說,我們認識神不是從那些「就祂自身」(per se)之物,乃是從那些「環繞祂」之物,那麼照那哲士的論證便要推出:我們認識神的方式,與我們認識別的本質一樣;因為我們認識它們(別的本質),是從那些「就其自身」屬於它們之物,而這些(就其自身之物),在神的情形上,正是那被稱為「環繞祂」、我們藉以認識祂之物。
And since Gregory, the one named after theology, says that we know God not from the things 'according to him' (per se) but from the things 'around him,' it will follow, according to the philosopher's argument, that we know God in the same way as we know other essences; for we know them (other essences) from the things belonging to them 'per se,' and these (per se things), in God's case, are what is said to be 'around him,' from which we know him.
1:1760
Ἔτι, εἰ Θεός γινώσκει ἑαυτόν ἐστι, τά δέ περί Θεόν αὐτῷ ἐστινἅ ταῖς ἄλλαις οὐσίαις τό καθ αὑτό, ἡμεῖςδ ἐκ τῶν περί αὐτόν γινώσκομεν αὐτόν ἐστι, καί ἡμεῖς αὐτόν γινώσκομεν, ὡς αὐτός γινώσκει ἑαυτόν˙ οὕτως φιλόσοφος ἀπό τῦ ὑπερανιδρυμένου τοῦ παντός καί ἀλήπτου καί ἀφθέγκτου τῆς θεαρχικῆς ὑπερουσιότητος εἰς ἀφασίαν ἡμᾶς περικλεῖσαι φιλονεικῶν, ἔλαθεν ἑαυτόν ταῖς κάτω ταύτην οὐσίαις συντεταχώς
再者,神若是就「祂之所是」而認識祂自己,而那些環繞神之物對祂而言,正像那「就其自身」之物對別的本質那樣,且我們是就「祂之所是」、從那些環繞祂之物來認識祂,那麼我們認識祂的方式,便與祂自己認識自己的方式一樣了。如此,那哲士竭力要把我們關進啞口無言之中,遠離那超立於萬有之上、不可把握、不可言喻的神治超本質性,卻不自覺地把它與這些較低的本質同列了。
Again, if God knows himself in so far as he is, and the things around God are to him what, to other essences, the 'per se' is, and we know him from the things around him in so far as he is, then we too know him as he himself knows himself. Thus the philosopher, contending to shut us up into speechlessness, away from the supra-established, ungraspable, and unutterable thearchic supra-essentiality of all, has unawares ranked it together with these lower essences.
1:1761
Εἰ δέ τῶν ἐν ταύτῃ τι χρήσιμον ἡμῖν, θαυμαστόν οὐδέν˙ καί παρά τῶν ὄφεων γάρ ἔστι τι χρηστόν φάρμακον ἡμῖν, ἀλλ ἀνελοῦσι καί διελοῦσι καί συσκευασμένοις καί χρησαμένοις σύν λόγῳ κατά τῶν ἐκείνων δηγμάτων
但這(較低之境)中若有什麼對我們有用,那也不足為奇;因為連從蛇身上也有某種對我們有益的藥——但這是給那些懂得拿取、解剖、調製,並按理使用它,來對付那些生物自身咬傷之人的。
But if something in this (lower realm) is useful to us, that is no wonder; for from serpents too there is some useful medicine for us—but for those who take them up, dissect, compound, and use them with reason, against the bites of those very creatures.
1:1762
Πρός μέν οὖν Πλάτωνα καί τήν κατ ἐκεῖνον ἀπόδειξιν Ἀροστοτέλης ἡμῖν ἀρκέσει˙ καί γάρ φησιν˙ εἰ τό καθόλου πρό τῶν πολλῶν, ὡς Πλάτων ἔλεγεν, ἀπόδειξις (σελ
那麼,對付柏拉圖以及按他而立的「論證」,亞里斯多德對我們便足夠了;因為他說:「若那普遍者先於那多者(如柏拉圖所說),那麼便不再有論證了(頁……)
Now against Plato and the demonstration according to him, Aristotle will suffice us; for he says: 'If the universal is prior to the many, as Plato said, then there will no longer be demonstration (p. ...)
1:1763
) λοιπόν οὐκ ἔσται, οὐδέ γάρ δυνατόν κατηγορεῖσθαι τῶν πολλῶν τό ἑνιαίως ὑφεστώς καί ταῦτα πρό τῶν ἄλλων πάντων, κατηγορουμένου δέ χωρίς ἀπόδειξις οὐκ ἔστιν˙ ἀλλ οὐδέ μέσος ἔσται ὅρος, ὑποκείσεται γάρ τῷ πρό τῶν ἄλλων, ἀλλά τοῦτ ἀδύνατον, μέσου δέ χωρίς ἀπόδειξις οὐκ ἔσται
)因為那以合一方式自存、且先於其餘一切之物,不可能被述謂於那多者;而沒有被述謂之物,便沒有論證;再者,也不會有中詞,因為它會隸屬於那先於其餘者,但這是不可能的;而沒有中詞,便不會有論證。」
) for it is not possible for that which subsists in a unitary manner, and that prior to all the rest, to be predicated of the many; and without something being predicated, there is no demonstration; nor, again, will there be a middle term, for it would be subordinated to that which is prior to the rest, but this is impossible; and without a middle term there will be no demonstration.'
1:1764
Πλάτωνι μέν οὖν ἀντιστήσωμεν κἀκείνου παιδεύματα, ἑκουσίως ἀντιτεταγμένον, τῷδ Ἀριστοτέλει τά οἰκεῖα, τόν φιλόσοφον δηλαδή τοῦτον, εἰ καί μή ἑκόντα εἶναι
那麼,對付柏拉圖,讓我們搬出那人(亞里斯多德)甘心相對立的教導;但對付亞里斯多德,則搬出他自己的(教導)——就是這位哲士(巴拉姆)本人,縱然他是不情願如此的。
Against Plato, then, let us set the teachings of that man (Aristotle), willingly opposed; but against Aristotle, his own (teachings)—that is, this philosopher (Barlaam) himself, even if unwillingly so.
1:1765
Πρῶτονδ ἴδωμεν πῶς αὐτός τούς ἡμῶν περί τῶν θείων λόγους μηδαμῶς εἶναι ἀπόδειξιν ἀποδεικνύειν οἴεται, καί πρῶτον τό πρῶτον, ὡς τῶν ἄλλων κράτιστον καί οἷον ἀνυπόστατόν τε καί ἄμαχον προβεβλημένον ἀνέδην καί τῇ σφοδρᾷ φορᾷ καθάπερ ροῖζον ἔχον ὑπηχοῦντα τήν λοιδορίαν˙ ὅπερ τοῖς γεωμέρταις ἀρχή καί ἀξίωμα, τοῦθ ἡμῖν φησιν αἱ τῶν πατέρων ἀποφάνσεις˙ οὐδεμίαν ἄρα χρή ἐκ συλλογισμοῦ λαβεῖν, ὥσπερ οὐδ οἱ γεωμέτραι τάς τῆς οἰκείας ἕξεως ἀρχάς˙ δέ τοῦτο ποιῶν ἀμαθής καί ἀπαίδευτος
但讓我們先看他如何以為能論證「我們關於神聖之事的論述絕非論證」;而首先是那第一個(論點),作為其餘中最有力的,並如同不可撼動、不可戰勝者被鹵莽地拋出,且以猛烈之勢,彷彿挾著呼嘯之聲、回響著其辱罵:他說:「凡對幾何學家是『本原』與『公理』之物,這對我們便是教父的宣告;所以人不可從三段論去取得這些之中的任何一個,正如幾何學家也不(從三段論取得)自己學科的諸本原;而行此事的人乃是無學識、未受教育的。」
But first let us see how he thinks to demonstrate that our arguments concerning divine things are in no way demonstration; and first the first (argument), as the strongest of the rest and put forward as it were unshakable and invincible, recklessly, and with vehement rush, having as it were a whizzing din that re-echoes its reproach: 'What is for the geometers a principle and an axiom, this,' he says, 'is for us the declarations of the Fathers; therefore one must take none (of them) from a syllogism, just as neither do the geometers (take) the principles of their own discipline; and he who does this is unlearned and uneducated.'
1:1766
Εὖγε, πεπαιδευμένος οὐ καί αὖθις ἐξυβρίζων τῇ περιουσίᾳ τῆς παιδείας
做得好——這位受過教育的人,又因其教育的過剩而(向我們)施加侮辱了!
Well done—the educated man, again insulting (us) out of the superabundance of his education!
1:1767
Ἀλλ ἐπειδήπερ ὡς γεωμετρικάς ἀρχάς καί κατά σέ τάς τῶν πατέρων ἀποφάνσεις ἔχομεν, τό ἐκ τούτων συναγόμενον ἀπόδειξίς ἐστιν ἡμῖν, ὥσπερ καί τό ἐκ γεωμετρικῶν ἀρχῶν τοῖς γεωμέτραις
但既然我們把教父的宣告當作幾何學的諸本原來持守——連按你(所說)也是如此——那麼從這些所推出之物,對我們便是論證,正如從幾何學諸本原所推出之物,對幾何學家便是(論證)。
But since we hold the declarations of the Fathers as geometrical principles—even according to you—then that which is gathered from these is demonstration for us, just as that which is gathered from geometrical principles is (demonstration) for the geometers.
1:1768
Ποῦ δή ἐκεῖνο ὡς ἐπί τῶν θείων ἀπόδειξιν οὐκ ἔνι λέγειν οὐδαμῶς ὑπέρ οὗ σοι πᾶς λόγος;
那麼,那(主張)「論及神聖之事絕不能說有論證」——你整個論述所環繞的——又在哪裡呢?
Where, then, is that (claim) that one can in no way at all say there is demonstration concerning divine things—about which is your whole argument?
1:1769
Ἀλλ μή ἐκ τούτων τῶν ἀρχῶν συλλογισμός γινόμενος οὐ θεολογικός, ὥσπερ οὐδέ γεωμετρικός μή ἐκ γεωμετρικῶν ἀρχῶν
但那不是從這些本原而成的三段論,便不是神學性的,正如那不是從幾何學本原而成的,便不是幾何學性的。
But the syllogism which is not made from these principles is not theological, just as neither is that geometrical which is not from geometrical principles.
1:1770
Ούκοῦν θεολογικός συλλογισμός διαλεκτικός οὐδέποτε, ὥσπερ οὐδέ γεωμετρικός˙ ὁρᾷς πῶς ἔλαθες συνηγορῶν ἡμῖν;
所以神學性的三段論決不是思辨性的,正如它也決(不是)幾何學性的;你看見你如何不自覺地成了我們的辯護者嗎?
Therefore a theological syllogism is never dialectical, just as neither (is it ever) geometrical; do you see how, unawares, you have become an advocate for us?
1:1771
Τῆς γάρ σῆς προθέσεως ἅπαν τοὐναντίον ἐξ αὐτῶν τῶν σῶν ὑπέρ αὐτῆς ταύτης τῆς προθέσεως ἐκβαῖνον ἀποδέδεικται ( σελ
因為你那論題的恰恰相反者,已從你自己的(話語)被論證出來,是針對這論題本身而生的(頁……)
For the very opposite of your thesis has been demonstrated, from your own (words), to result against this very thesis (p. ...)
1:1772
) λόγων˙ οὕτω πᾶν τό μή τῇ ἀληθείᾳ συμβαῖνον καί ἑαυτῷ ἀνακόλουθον
)——出自你論述(之言);如此,凡不與真理相符之物,也與其自身不一致。
) of your arguments; thus is everything that does not accord with the truth also inconsistent with itself.
1:1773
Ἀλλά γεωμετρικάς μέν ἀρχάς δείξομεν ἐξ οὐ γεωμετρικῶν ἀρχῶν, τάς δέ θεολογικάς ἐξ οὐ θεολογικῶν, οὔ;
但我們豈要從非幾何學的本原去顯明幾何學的本原,又從非神學的去顯明神學的嗎?不然。
But shall we show geometrical principles from non-geometrical principles, and theological ones from non-theological? No.
1:1774
Καί γάρ τούτων ἐκτός οὐδέν ἀξιόπιστον περί Θεοῦ τῷ πληρώματι τῆς ἐκκλησίας κρίνεται, καί εἰσέρχεσθαι δεῖ πρός ταύτην διά τῆς αὐλῆς, τουτέστι τῆς Γραφῆς˙ ἐκ τῶν ὁμοίων ἄρα καί αὐτάς δείξομεν πιστάς, καί αὐτοῖς τοῖς ἀντιλέγουσιν αἱρετικοῖς εἰκότως, ὅτι μέν περί γεωμετρικῶν ἀρχῶν ζητῶν τοῖς γεωμέτραις ἀπιστεῖ, οἱ δέ περί θεολογικῶν, καί μάλιστα πρός οὕς ἡμῖν λόγος, πιστεύειν μέν φασι τοῖς μεμαρτυρημένοις θεολόγοις, ἀμφιγνοῦσι δέ τινα τῶν παρ ἐκείνων εἰρημένων˙ ἄν οὖν ἀπό τῶν φανερῶς αὐτοῖς ἐκπεφασμένων καί τούτοις συνωμολογημένων ἀκολούθως τό ζητούμενον συναγάγωμεν, ἐλύσαμεν τήν ἀμφιστήτησιν καί διά τοῦτο θεολογικῶς καί αἱ ἀρχαί τῆς θεολογίας δείκνυνται, εἰ μή ἄρα πρός Ἕλληνας ἡμῖν λόγος εἴη
因為離了這些(神學的本原),論及神之事,便沒有一物被教會的全體判為配得信任的,且人必須藉著那「外院」,即藉著聖經,進入它(教會/知識);所以,我們要從相似的(本原)去顯明這些也是可信的——並且這對那些反對的異端本身也是合宜的:因為那查問幾何學本原的人,乃是不信任幾何學家;而那些查問神學本原的人——尤其是我們論述所針對的那些人——固然說他們相信那些被見證的神學家,卻對那些人所說的某些事存疑;那麼,我們若從那些被他們明明陳述、又為這些(對手)所同意之物,按理推出所尋求之事,我們便解決了那爭論,並因此神學的諸本原也被神學性地顯明了——除非我們的論述是針對希臘人(異教徒)的。
For apart from these (theological principles), nothing concerning God is judged worthy of credence by the fullness of the Church, and one must enter into it (the Church/knowledge) through the courtyard, that is, through Scripture; from like (principles), therefore, we shall show these also to be trustworthy—and fittingly so even to the gainsaying heretics themselves: that whereas he who inquires about geometrical principles distrusts the geometers, those who inquire about theological ones—and especially those against whom is our argument—say indeed that they believe the attested theologians, yet are in doubt about certain of the things said by them; if, then, from the things plainly set forth by them and agreed upon by these (our opponents), we consequently gather the thing sought, we have resolved the dispute, and on this account the principles of theology too are shown theologically—unless indeed our argument should be against Greeks (pagans).
1:1775
Κἀπί τούτων δέ ἐπ ὀλίγον τά εἰκότα καταλλήλως αὐτοῖς προχειρισάμενοι, τάς τῶν θαυμάτων ἔπειτα προδείξομεν ἀνάγκας, ἀφ ὧν ,τι ἄν συμπερανθείη θεολογικῶς ἔσται ἀποδεδειγμένον
並且,在他們的情形上,我們也要以適合他們的方式,簡略地陳明那些蓋然的論據,然後陳明那些神蹟的必然性,凡從這些所推出的結論,便都已被神學性地論證了。
And in their case too, having briefly set forth, in a manner suited to them, the probable arguments, we shall then set forth the necessities of the miracles, from which whatever should be concluded will have been demonstrated theologically.
1:1776
δή σύ περί τῶν θείων διατελεῖς συλλογιστικῶς δεικνύων, εἰ μέν ἐκ τῶν θεολογικῶν ἀρχῶν, ἀπόδειξις ἄρα τό δειχθέν, ἐκ γάρ ἀποδεικτικῶν καί κατά σέ δέδεικται ἀρχῶν, εἰ δέ μή ἐκ τῶν τοῖς πατράσιν εἰρημένων, οὐδαμόθεν ἕξει τό πιστόν
那麼,凡你執意要就神聖之事用三段論去顯明之物——若(它們是)出自神學的本原,那麼所顯明的便是論證,因為連按你(所說),它也是從論證式的本原顯明出來的;但若不是出自教父所說之物,它便無論從何處都得不著可信性。
The things, then, which you persist in showing syllogistically concerning divine things—if (they are) from theological principles, then what is shown is demonstration, for, even according to you, it has been shown from demonstrative principles; but if not from the things said by the Fathers, it will from no quarter have credibility.
1:1777
Ὥστ οὐχ ὅπως οὐκ ἀποδεικτικῶς δεικνύεις, ἀλλ οὐδέ διαλεκτικῶς˙ σοφιστικῶς οὖν εἴπερ συλλογιστικῶς˙ οὕτω κατ αὐτός σαυτοῦ ἠγωνισμένος ἔχεις
如此,你不單沒有論證式地顯明(它),連思辨式地都沒有;那麼,你若竟以三段論顯明之,便是詭辯式地(顯明的);你就這樣與你自己爭辯起來了。
So that not only do you not show (it) demonstratively, but not even dialectically; sophistically, then, if (you show it) at all syllogistically; thus have you contended against your very self.
1:1778
δή τοὐντεῦθεν αὐχεῖς σαυτόν ἐξαίρων ταῖς μαγαληγορίαις ὡς τό ἐν λόγοις κράτος ἔχοντα, παρεῖναί μοι δοκῶ
那麼,從此處起你所誇耀之物——你以誇大之辭自高,彷彿在論辯之事上居於至尊——我想我要略過。
The things, then, which from here on you boast of, exalting yourself with grandiloquence as holding the supremacy in argument, I think I will pass over.
1:1779
Καί γάρ ὥσπερ ἀνωτέρω τἀναντία τῆς οἰκείας (σελ
因為正如在上文,你不自覺地承受了(主張)自己論題之相反者,照樣在這裡,你想顯出自己既最善論證又最善神學,卻顯為那些在這等事上未受入門之啟者之一;因為那(前提的)「換位」——這乃是神學三段論的大多數前提必然具有的,有時是因主體(之性)最為獨一,致使諸詞相等;又再者,論證中那些(同時的)緣由,凡是同時者(亦有換位),縱然方式不同——你卻被顯明為對此全然無知;又(你不知):諸假設中那「較少者」,凡在能力上並不也較少時,便不算是「較少」;又(你不知):那從「較少假設」而來的論證,並非單純地勝過(從較多者而來的),倒是那從「較多者」而來的更佳,凡其前提較為可知時。
For just as above you unawares suffered (to assert) the opposite of your own thesis, so too here, wishing to show yourself both most demonstrative and most theological, you appeared as one of those uninitiated in such matters; for the conversion (of premises)—which, of necessity, most of the premises of theological syllogisms have, in some cases by terms being equal on account of the most singular (nature) of the subject; and again, of the causes in demonstrations, as many as (are) simultaneous, even if in another manner—you were shown to be wholly ignorant of; and that the lesser of the postulates are not 'lesser' whenever they are not also lesser in power; and that the demonstration from fewer postulates does not simply carry off the 'better,' but better than it is the one from more, whenever it has the more knowable premises.
1:1780
) θέσεως ἔλαθεν παθών, οὕτω δή κἀνταῦθα ἀποδεικτικώτατον ἅμα καί θεολογικώτατον θέλων δεῖξαι σεαυτόν, τῶν περί τά τοιαῦτ ἀμυήτων εἷς ἐφάνης˙ τήν τε γάρ ἀντιστροφήν, ἥν ἐξ ἀνάγκης αἱ πλείους προτάσεις ἔχουσι τῶν θεολογικῶν συλλογισμῶν, ἔστιν ὧν ἐξισαζόντων ὅρων διά τό μοναδικώτατον τοῦ προκειμένου, καί αὖθις τῶν ἐν ταῖς ἀποδείξεσιν αἰτίων ὅσα ἅμα, εἰ καί τρόπον ἕτερον, ἀγνοῶν παντάπασιν ἐδείχθης, καί ὅτι τά ἐλάττω τῶν αἰτημάτων οὐκ ἐλάττω, ὅταν μή καί δυνάμειᾖ ἐλάττω, καί ὅτι οὐχ ἁπλῶς ἐξ ἐλαττόνων αἰτημάτων ἀπόδειξις φέρεται τό κρεῖττον, ἀλλά βελτίων αὐτῆς ἐκ πλειόνων, ὅταιν γνωριμωτέρας ἔχῃ τάς προτάσεις
……你顯為那些在這等事上未受入門之啟者之一。
...you appeared as one of the uninitiated in such matters.
1:1781
Ταῦτα μέν οὖν καί ὅσα μεταξύ τούτων ἐν οὐ παικτοῖς παίζεις κατά σεαυτοῦ παρήσω˙ κλέψειεν γάρ ἄν οὐδεμίαν, ὡς οἶμαι, ἀκοήν, κἄν κλέψωσιν, οὐδείς μοι λόγος
那麼,這些事,並凡(落)在這些之間的事——你在這等並非可戲謔之事中,戲弄了你自己——我要略過;因為我想它們騙不過任何人的聽覺,縱使它們竟騙得過,那也與我無關。
These things, then, and as many as (lie) between these—matters in which, in no laughing matters, you play against your own self—I will pass over; for they would, I think, steal away no one's hearing, and even if they should steal it away, it is no concern of mine.
1:1782
Δι ὅδε τί δόξειας ἄν λέγειν;
再者,你究竟是為著什麼緣故,似乎在說(這話)呢?
And on account of what would you seem to be saying (this)?
1:1783
Διά μέσου δείκνυσιν ἀποδεικτικός, καί τούτου αἰτίου˙ πλημμελές δέ λίαν αἴτιον εἶναι οἴεσθαί τι, δι τό Πνεῦμα ἐκ μόνου τοῦ Πατρός˙ πῶς οὖν σύ τό φύσει ἐξ αὐτοῦ εἶναι ὡς αἴτιον ἄν θείης;
「那論證式的(三段論)乃是藉一個中詞來顯明,而這中詞是個緣由;但要以為有什麼東西,是『靈單從父而出』所憑藉之緣由,乃是極有謬誤的」;那麼,你又怎能把那「按本性出於祂」立為一個緣由呢?
'The demonstrative (syllogism) shows through a middle term, and this a cause; but it is very faulty to think anything to be the cause on account of which the Spirit is from the Father alone'; how, then, would you posit the 'being by nature from him' as a cause?
1:1784
Οὗτος μέν οὖν λόγος οὐ τήν ἀπόδειξιν μόνον, ἀλλά καί τούς σούς, φιλόσοφε, καί πάντας ἁπλῶς τούς τε ὄντας τούς τε ἐσομένους περί Θεοῦ συλλογισμούς ἀσυλλογίστους δείκνυσι καί πλεμμελεῖς˙ χωρίς γάρ μέσου, καί τούτου τοῦ συμπεράσματος αἰτίου, συλλογισμός οὐκ ἔστιν ἀσφαλής˙ ἄν δέ τό μέσον φερωνύμως ἔχῃ μέσον, κατά σέ λίαν ἔσται περί τό θεῖον πλημμελής
那麼,這論證所顯明的,不單是那(神學的)論證,連你的(三段論),哲士啊,並簡言之一切關於神的三段論,無論現今存在的還是將要有的,都顯為非三段論的、有謬誤的;因為沒有中詞——且這中詞是結論之緣由——便沒有穩妥的三段論;而那中詞若名實相符地有「中(緣由/居間)」之名,那麼照你(所說),它在論及神聖者時便將是極有謬誤的。
This argument, then, shows not only the demonstration, but also your (syllogisms), O philosopher, and simply all syllogisms concerning God, both those now existing and those to be, to be non-syllogistic and faulty; for without a middle term—and this the cause of the conclusion—there is no safe syllogism; and if the middle term has 'middle' as a fitting name (i.e. is truly a cause/mean), then, according to you, it will be very faulty concerning the Divine.
1:1785
Ἐρωτῶ δέ σε τόν μόνον ἀσφαλῆ θεορρήμονα˙ ἐκ Θεοῦ καί ἡμεῖς (τά γάρ πάντα φησιν ἐκ Θεοῦ), ἐκ Θεοῦ καί μονογενής˙ υἱοί Θεοῦ καί ἡμεῖς (εἶπα γάρ φησι θεοί ἐστε καί υἱοί ὑψίστου πάντες) Υἱός Θεοῦ καί μονογενής˙ ἀλλ ἡμεῖς μέν ἐκ (σελ
但我要問你這位(你自稱的)惟一穩妥的傳神之言者:我們也是出於神(因為經上說「萬有都出於神」);獨生子也是出於神;我們也是「神的兒子」(因為經上說「我曾說,你們是神,都是至高者的兒子」);獨生子也是「神的兒子」;但我們乃是出於(頁……)
But I ask you, the only safe God-speaker (as you claim to be): we too are from God (for, it says, 'all things are from God'); the Only-begotten too is from God; we too are 'sons of God' (for it says, 'I said, you are gods, and all of you sons of the Most High'); the Only-begotten too is 'Son of God'; but we are from (p. ...)
1:1786
) Θεοῦ τε καί υἱοί Θεοῦ Πατρός, Υἱοῦ καί Πνεύματος˙ ἐν γάρ τοῖς τρισί τούτοις ὕψιστος ἡμῖν ἐγνώσθη˙ καί τοίνυν ἐκ τούτων μέν ἡμεῖς, δέ Υἱός ἐκ μόνου τοῦ Πατρός˙ ἔστι δή τι αἴτιον δι ἡμεῖς μέν ἐκ τῆς τρισυποστάτου θεότητος, δέ Υἱός ἐκ μόνου τοῦ Πατρός;
)神,並是父、子、靈這神的兒子——因為在這三者之中,那至高者向我們顯明了;所以我們乃是出於這(三者),而子卻是單從父而出;那麼,是否有某種緣由,使我們是出於那三位格的神格,而子卻是單從父而出呢?
) God and sons of God the Father, of the Son, and of the Spirit—for in these three the Most High has been made known to us; and therefore we are from these (three), but the Son is from the Father alone; is there, then, some cause on account of which we are from the tri-hypostatic Deity, but the Son is from the Father alone?
1:1787
Εἰ μέν οὐκ ἔστι, καί ἡμεῖς λοιπόν ἀναιτίως ἐκ Θεοῦ, εἰ δέ δι αἰτίαν, τήν ἀγαθότητα τήν θείαν δι ἥν κτίσις καί ἐν τοῖς κτίσμασι χάρις˙ ταῦτα δέ κοινά Πατρός, Υἱοῦ καί Πνεύματος˙ τό τε γάρ εἶναι καί τό εὖ εἶναι πᾶσιν ἐκ Πατρός δι Υἱοῦ ἐν ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι˙ εἰ τοίνυν χάριτι Θεοῦ ἠμεῖς ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ, τό μή κατά χάριν, ὄν δέ ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἡμεῖς ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ, τό μή κατά χάριν, ὄν δέ ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ, πῶς ἄλλως γεἤ φύσει;
若沒有,那麼我們從此便是「無緣由地出於神」了;但若(是)因著一個緣由——即那神聖的良善,受造之事與受造物中的恩典正是因它而有;而這些乃是父、子、靈所共有的——因為「存在」與「美好存在」對萬有都是「從父、藉子、在聖靈裡」而來;那麼,我們既是「藉神的恩典出於神」,那麼那「不是按恩典、卻是出於神」之物(指子與靈)——除了「按本性」,還能是怎樣的呢?
If there is none, then we too, henceforth, are 'from God' without cause; but if (it is) on account of a cause—the divine goodness, on account of which is the creation and the grace among the creatures; and these are common to Father, Son, and Spirit—for both being and well-being is to all 'from the Father, through the Son, in the Holy Spirit'; if, then, by the grace of God we are 'from God,' then that which is not according to grace, but is 'from God' (in another way)—how (is it) otherwise than 'by nature'?
1:1788
Τό δέ φύσει τοῦτο οὐδέν ἕτερόν τι δείκνυσινἤ τόν Πατέρα μόνον αἴτιον τῶν ἀχρόνως ἐξ αὐτοῦ προβαλλομένων˙ πῶς οὖν τοῦτο λέγειν πλημμελές;
而這「按本性」所顯明的,無非是說:惟有父是那些從祂無時間地被產出之物(即子與靈)的緣由;那麼,說這話又怎會是「有謬誤」的呢?
And this 'by nature' shows nothing else than that the Father alone is the cause of those things timelessly brought forth from him; how, then, is it 'faulty' to say this?
1:1789
Ἀλλ εἰ καί τό φύσει τοῦτο αἴτιόν τις εἴποι, οὐδέ τοῦτο πλημμελές˙ τῷ τε γάρ Πατρί συναπτόμενον, ἐκεῖνον αὐτόν δείκνυσι τό αἴτιον, τῷ τε Υἱῷ καί τῷ ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι, ταῦτ αὐτά αἰτιατά˙ οἷον διατί Πατήρ, Πατήρ κυρίως τοῦ Υἱοῦ;
但縱使有人把這「按本性」稱為一個緣由,這也不是有謬誤的;因為它連於父時,便顯明祂是那緣由,連於子與聖靈時,便(顯明)這些自身是被生(緣由所致)的;譬如說,父為何乃是子之本義上的「父」呢?
But even if someone should call this 'by nature' a cause, neither is this faulty; for, being conjoined to the Father, it shows him to be the cause, and (conjoined) to the Son and the Holy Spirit, (it shows) these themselves to be caused; for instance, why is the Father properly 'Father' of the Son?
1:1790
Ἐπί τοῦ Υἱοῦ καί τοῦ Πνεύματος ὁμοίως
在子與靈的情形上,也是一樣。
In the case of the Son and the Spirit, likewise.
1:1791
Ἔπειτα οὐδ τρόπος τῆς ὑπάρξεως, ἀλλ τῆς οἰκειότητος ἐντεῦθεν δεικνύμενός ἐστιν
再者,由此所顯明的,並非那「存在的方式」,乃是那「親屬關係(本有相屬)的方式」。
Furthermore, it is not the mode of existence, but the mode of intimate-relation (propriety) that is thereby shown.
1:1792
Οὔκουν πλημελές ἐνταῦθ αἴτιον τό τήν οἰκειότητα δηλοῦν εἰπεῖν, τοῦ τρόπου τῆς ὑπάρξεως ἀρρήτου φυλαττομένου, καθάπερ καί μέγας Βασίλειος πρός Σεραπίωνα τόν θεῖον γράφει, διευκρινῶν αὐτῷ πῶς ἐκ Θεοῦ λέγεται τό Πνεῦμα τό ἅγιον˙ οὕτω τοῖς ἐν Πνεύματι λαλοῦσι περί Πνεύματος ἀκριβῶς ὁμολογεῖ τά ἡμέτερα
那麼,說此處的緣由乃是那指明「親屬關係」之物,並不是有謬誤的,而那「存在的方式」則被守為不可言喻的——正如偉大的巴西流也寫信給神聖的撒拉皮翁,向他解釋聖靈為何被稱為「出於神」;如此,對那些在聖靈裡論說聖靈之人,他準確地承認了我們的(教導)。
It is not faulty, then, to say that here the cause is that which signifies the intimate-relation, while the mode of existence is guarded as ineffable—just as the great Basil also writes to the divine Serapion, explaining to him how the Holy Spirit is said to be 'from God'; thus, to those who speak about the Spirit in the Spirit, he accurately confesses our (teachings).
1:1793
Θεοῦ σκιᾶς ἐντυχεῖν ( σελ
……得遇神的一個影兒(頁……)
...to encounter a shadow of God (p. ...)
1:1794
) ἐντυχεῖν τούς θεόπτας τῶν πατέρων, τούτοις τε κἀκείνῳ οἷά τις ψευδομάρτυς ἀναιδῶς ἐπανιστάμενος καί δι ἐκείνων πολεμῶν ἡμῖν, μᾶλλονδ ἵν ἀληθέστερον εἴπων, σύν ἐκείνοις˙ αὐτός γάρ μέγας Διονύσιος καί τό πῦρ καί τόν ἀέρα καί τό ὕδωρ καί τήν γῆν ἐμφανεῖς τύπους ἔχειν λέγει τῆς θεαρχικῆς ἰδιότητος, καί μέν μείζων τῶν μεγάλων τούτων Παῦλος τά ἀόρατά φησι τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἀπό κτίσεως κόσμου τοῖς ποιήμασι νοούμενα καθορᾶται, τε ἀΐδιος αὐτοῦ δύναμις καί θειότης
)(你竟說)教父中那些「見神者」(連)得遇(它的一個影兒都不能);你像個假見證,無恥地起來抵擋這些(教父)與那一位(丟尼修),並藉那些(教父)向我們爭戰——倒不如更確切地說,是與他們一同(爭戰);因為偉大的丟尼修自己說,火、空氣、水與土都有「神治之屬性的明顯類型」,而那比這些偉大者更偉大的保羅,說「自從造天地以來,神那看不見的事,就是祂的永能和神性……藉著所造之物,就可以曉得。」
) (you say that) the God-seers among the Fathers (do not even attain) to encounter (it); rising up shamelessly against both these (Fathers) and that one (Dionysius) like a false witness, and warring against us through those (Fathers)—or rather, to speak more truly, along with them; for the great Dionysius himself says that fire and air and water and earth have 'manifest types of the thearchic propriety,' and the greater than these great ones, Paul, says that 'the invisible things of God, since the creation of the world, are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made—both his eternal power and divinity.'
1:1795
Εἰ δέ μή χαρακτῆρά τινα τοῦθ ἐκεῖθεν ἴσχει, πῶς ἄν ὁρῷτο τοῖς ποιήμασιν ἐκεῖνα;
但這(受造之物)若不從那源頭(神)具有某種特徵,那麼那些事(神看不見的事)又怎能藉著所造之物被看見呢?
But if this (creation) does not possess some character from that source (God), how could those things (the invisible things of God) be seen by means of the things made?
1:1796
Καί αὐτά μέν οὖν τά τῶν κτισμάτων ἄψυχα ἐμφανεῖς τύπους ἔχει τοῦ Θεοῦ˙ τῶνδ ἐν αὐτοῖς λογικήν ψυχήν νοεράν ἐχόντων οἱ τούς ὁμοφυεῖς πάντας τῇ θεωρίᾳ ὑπερακοντίσαντες οὐδέ σκιάν σκιᾶς ἔχουσι Θεοῦ;
如此,受造之物中連那些無生命之物都有神的明顯類型;難道它們之中那些具有理性、理智之魂的——那些在觀照中超越了一切與自己同性之存有的人——竟連神的「影兒的影兒」都沒有嗎?
And so the very inanimate things among the creatures have manifest types of God; but do those among them having a rational, intellectual soul—those who, in contemplation, have outstripped all their fellow-natured beings—not have even a shadow of a shadow of God?
1:1797
Καί μέν νόμος σκιάν εἶχε τῶν μελλόντων ἀγαθῶν, ὅτεδ χάρις ἐπέφανε καί ἀλήθεια ἦλθε, τῶν εὐδοκιμησάντων κατ αὐτήν θεοπτία οὐδέ σκιά σκιᾶς ἐστι;
並且,那律法有「將來美事的影兒」;但既然恩典已顯現、真理已來到,那些照真理蒙稱許之人所得的見神,竟連「影兒的影兒」都不是嗎?
And the Law had a 'shadow of the good things to come'; but when grace appeared and the truth came, is the vision of God belonging to those who have been approved according to it not even 'a shadow of a shadow'?
1:1798
Καί μέν ἀπόστολος κοινῇ πᾶσινἤ οὐκ ἐπιγινώσκετέ φησιν ὅτι Χριστός οἰκεῖ ἐν ὑμῖν, εἰ μή τι ἄρα ἀδόκιμοί ἐστε;, σύ δέ φῄς ὡς οἱ τῇ θεωρίᾳ ὑπεραναβεβηκότες οὐδέ σκιᾷ σκιᾶς ἐντυχάνουσι;
並且,使徒向眾人共同說:「豈不知你們若不是可棄絕的,就有耶穌基督在你們心裡嗎?」——可你卻說,那些在觀照中上升到高處的人,竟連「影兒的影兒」都遇不著嗎?
And the Apostle says to all in common: 'Do you not recognize that Christ dwells in you—unless indeed you are disqualified?'—but you say that those who have ascended above in contemplation do not even encounter a shadow of a shadow?
1:1799
Καί τό μέν Πνεῦμα τοῦ Θεοῦ κράζει ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις τῶν διά καθαρότητα ἠξιωμένων ἀββᾶ Πατήρ, σύ δέ ταύτην τήν ἐπίγνωσιν καί τήν ἐνοίκησιν καί τήν οἰκείωσιν οὐδέ γοῦν σκιάν σκιᾶς εἶναι δίδως;
並且,神的靈在那些藉純潔蒙稱為配得之人的心裡呼叫「阿爸,父」;可你卻不肯承認這認識、這內住、這親屬之相屬,竟連是一個「影兒的影兒」都不是嗎?
And the Spirit of God cries in the hearts of those counted worthy through purity, 'Abba, Father'; but you do not grant this recognition and indwelling and intimate-relation to be even so much as a shadow of a shadow?
1:1800
Καί αὐτός περί ἑαυτόῦ φησιν ὅτι ἐγώ ἐμφανίσω αὐτῷ ἐμαυτόν, καί αὖθις ἀγαπῶν με τάς ἐντολάς μου πληρώσει, καί ἐγώ καί Πατήρ ἐλευσόμεθα καί μονήν παρ αὐτῷ (σελ
……(你竟主張這等事),甚至向那在眾聖徒裡顯明的神之恩典與內住,並向聖經與教父的見證,堆積起種種不敬虔之言。
...(such things you assert), heaping up impieties even against the manifest grace and indwelling of God in the saints, and against the witness of Scripture and the Fathers.
1:1801
Τοιαῦτα μέν οὖν τοσαῦτα καί πλείω τούτων τῶν λογίων φησίν ἀλήθεια, σύδ οὐδέ σκιάν σκιᾶς ἔχειν οἴει τούς καί τάς νοεράς ἐνεργείας ὑπεραναβεβηκότας καί ταῖς παμφαέσιν ἑνωθέντας ἀκτῖσι, καίτοι τό μή σκιάν σκιᾶς ἔχον τοῦ Θεοῦ, οὐδέ θεῖον εἶναι δύναται;
聖言的真理所宣告的,正是這許多、甚至更多的事;你卻以為那些已超越了理智活動、與全然光輝的光線相合一的人,連神的影子的影子都沒有嗎?然而,那連神的影子的影子都沒有的,又怎能是屬神的呢?
Such and so many things, and even more than these, does the truth of the oracles declare; and do you suppose that those who have transcended even the noetic activities and have been united to the all-radiant rays possess not even a shadow of a shadow of God? Yet can that which possesses not even a shadow of God's shadow be divine?
1:1802
Πῶς οὖν οὐ τοιοῦτοι οἵ γε θεοειδεῖς καί μή γνόντες μόνον, ἀλλά καί παθόντες τά θεῖα;
那麼,那些與神相似、不僅認識了、更親身經歷了神聖之事的人,怎會不是這樣的呢?
How then are those not of this kind who are godlike and who have not merely known but have also experienced divine things?
1:1803
Καί τί λέγω ὡς οὐδέ θεῖον τό μηδέ σκιάν σκιᾶς ἔχον τοῦ Θεοῦ;
我又何必說,那連神的影子的影子都沒有的,連屬神的都算不上呢?
And why do I say that what possesses not even a shadow of God's shadow is not even divine?
1:1804
Καί γάρ οὐδ ἐν τοῖς οὖσιν ὅλως εἶναι δυνατόν˙ ἔστι γάρ ὄν οὐδέν τῆς τοῦ καλοῦ παντάπασι μετουσίας ἐστέρηται˙ τό δέ μηδέ σκιάν σκιᾶς ἔχον, πῶς οὐκ ἄντ ἀγαθοῦ παντάπασιν ἐστερημένον εἴη;
因為它根本不可能存在於眾有之中;因為沒有任何存在物會全然被剝奪對至善的分享。那連影子的影子都沒有的,又怎會不是全然被剝奪了善呢?
For it could not even exist among beings at all; for there is no being whatsoever that is utterly deprived of participation in the Good. And how could that which possesses not even a shadow of a shadow not be utterly deprived of the Good?
1:1805
μέν καί τῆς χειρίστης ἐφιέμενος ζωῆς, ἐμπαθοῦς τε ὁρμῆς, ἀπερισκέπτου τε καί προσύλου προσπαθείας ἀνάπλεως, κατ αὐτόν τόν ὑπό τῆς σῆς φιλοσοφίας συκοφαντούμενον, μετέχειτ ἀγαθοῦ κατ ἀμυδρόν ἀπήχημα, οἱ δέ τῆς ἀρίστης πολιτείας μή μόνον ἐπιθυμήσαντες, ἀλλά καί εὐμοιρήσαντες καί πρός τήν ἀπαθῆ θεωρίαν ἀναδραμόντες διά τῆς πρός τό ὄντως ἀγαθόν ὁλικῆς ἀνατάσεως, οὐδέ σκιάν σκιᾶς ἔχουσι τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ;
那渴慕最卑賤生活、滿了情慾衝動、充塞著輕率而貪戀物質之情的人——就連他,按你的哲學所誹謗的那位所說,也以微弱的回響分享著善;那麼那些不僅渴慕、更已得享最美善生活,並藉著全心向著真善的高舉而上達於無情慾之默觀的人,難道連善的影子的影子都沒有嗎?
He who craves the basest life, full of passionate impulse and of thoughtless, materialistic affection—even he, according to the very man slandered by your philosophy, partakes of the Good as a faint echo; whereas those who have not merely desired the best way of life but have been blessed in it, and who have ascended to dispassionate contemplation through a total straining toward the truly Good—do these possess not even a shadow of a shadow of the Good?
1:1806
Καί πᾶς μέν ἄνθρωπος κατ εἰκόνα ἐστί τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἴσως καί ὁμοίωσιν˙ οἱ δέ τῷ προσανέχειν διά βίου τῷ Θεῷ τῇ ἀΰλῳ καί ἀπειλικρινημένῃ καί ἀδιαλείπτῳ προσευχῇ καί διά τῆς ἀνεπιστρόφου πρός Θεόν ἀνανεύσεως πρός ἀγγελικήν ἤδη μετασκευασθέντες ἀξίαν οὐδέ σκιάν σκιᾶς ἔχουσι Θεοῦ;
每個人都是照著神的形象造的,也許還照著神的樣式;那麼那些藉著終身依附於神、以非物質、純淨、不止息的禱告,並藉著向神毫不轉移的仰望,已被改變升入天使般尊榮的人,難道連神的影子的影子都沒有嗎?
Every man is according to the image of God, and perhaps also according to the likeness; but do those who, by clinging to God throughout life with immaterial, purified, and unceasing prayer, and through their unswerving ascent toward God, have already been transformed into angelic dignity—do they possess not even a shadow of a shadow of God?
1:1807
Καλῶς ἄρα διά τῆς Ἀποκαλύψεως Ἰωάννης ἀπεκάλυψεν ἡμῖν ὅτι τά ἐν τῇ ψήφῳ τῇ λευκῇ οὐδείς δύναται γνῶναι, εἰ μή λαβών˙ μή ὅτι γάρ οὐ γνῶναι δύναται, ἀλλ εἰ μή πιστόν ὑπέχει οὖς, οὐδ εἶναι ὅλως οἴεταί τι, τήν ὄντως οὖσαν θεωρίαν ἀβλεψίαν λογιζόμενος, οὐχ ὡς ὑπέρ αἴσθησιν καί γνῶσιν, οἷόν τινα γνόφον ἱερόν, ἀλλ ὡς μηδαμῇ οὖσαν μηδαμῶς
因此,約翰在《啟示錄》中正確地向我們啟示:那刻在白石上的,除了那領受的人,沒有人能認得(啟二17)。這樣的人不僅不能認得它,甚至若不側耳謙信,他根本就不以為它存在,反把那真實的默觀當作盲目——不是把它視為超乎感覺與知識之上、如同某種神聖的幽暗,而是當作根本全然不存在的。
Rightly therefore did John in the Apocalypse reveal to us that no one can know the things written on the white stone except the one who receives it. For not only can such a man not know it, but unless he lends a believing ear, he does not even think it exists at all, reckoning the truly real contemplation to be blindness—not as something above sense and knowledge, like a kind of sacred darkness, but as in no way and nowhere existing.
1:1808
Ἐπεί γάρ πρός αὐτόν ἔλεγον ἐκεῖνοι κατά πατροπαράδοτον ὑφήγησιν τοῖς ἀρχομένοις τόν νοῦν εἰς ἑαυτόν, ἅτε δυσχερῶς ἀπαλλαττόμενον τῶν ἔξω, μηχαναῖς τισιν ἐπιστρέφειν βιάζεσθαι τῶν εἰθισμένων εἶναι καί οὕτω πρός ἑαυτούς βλέπειν καί κατά τόν ἔξω ἄνθρωπον, αὐτός διά τοῦτο κατά τῶν διδασκόντων ἐχώρησεν
因為他們按照從教父傳承下來的指引告訴他:初學者必須藉著某些方法,強使心思回轉歸入自身(因心思難以脫離外物),好叫它從慣常的方式轉回,從而連在外在之人方面也注視自己;他卻正為此緣故與這樣教導的人作對。
For since they—following a tradition handed down from the fathers—told him that beginners must, by certain devices, force the mind back into itself (since it is hard to detach from outward things) so as to turn it from its habitual ways and thus to look toward themselves even with respect to the outer man, he for this very reason set himself against those who teach this.
1:1809
Ἀλλά τί λέγω τούς ἄρτι πρός τόν ἀγῶνα τοῦτον ἀποδυσαμένους πρός ἑαυτούς καί κατά τόν ἔξω ἄνθρωπον στρέφειν;
可是我又何必只說那些剛剛為這場爭戰束裝、連在外在之人方面也轉向自己的人呢?
But why do I speak of those who have only just stripped for this struggle, turning toward themselves even in the outer man?
1:1810
Καί τῶν τελεωτέρων γάρ εἰσιν οἵ τούτῳ χρησάμενοι τῷ σχήματι κατά τήν προσευχήν, εὐήκοον τό θεῖον ἔσχον
因為就連在那些更為成全的人中,也有人在禱告時採用了這姿勢,便發覺神垂聽了他們。
For there are among the more perfect those who, having employed this posture during prayer, found the Divine attentive to them.
1:1811
Καί αὐτός τήν θεοπτίαν τελεώτατος Ἠλίας, τήν κεφαλήν τοῖς γόνασιν ἐρείσας καί οὕτω τόν νοῦν εἰς ἑαυτόν καί τόν Θεόν φιλοπονώτερον συναγαγών, τόν πολυειδῆ ἐκεῖνον ἔλυσεν αὐχμόν
至於在神聖異象上最為成全的以利亞自己,也曾把頭俯在兩膝之間,這樣更殷勤地將心思收歸於自身、收歸於神,從而解除了那多重的旱災(王上十八42)。
And Elijah himself, most perfect in the vision of God, having rested his head upon his knees and thus more diligently gathered his mind into himself and into God, dissolved that manifold drought.
1:1812
Ἀλλ ἐπεί καί τῷ γεννάδᾳ τούτῳ τόν τοῦ Κάιν τρόμον ὑφισταμένῳ κατά νοῦν, τήν τε ἀναπνοήν μικρόν ἐπέχειν συνεβούλευον οἱ καθ ἡμᾶς, ὡς καί τήν διάνοιαν πρός βραχύ γοῦν συνεπισχοίη, τόν τε ὀφθαλμόν μή ὧδε κἀκεῖσε περιάγειν, ἀλλ οἷον ἐρείσματί τινι τῷ οἰκείῳ στήθειἤ τῷ ὀμφαλῷ τοῦτον προσερείδειν καί τήν δι ὄψεως ἔξω χεομένην δύναμιν τοῦ νοῦ τῆς καρδίας εἴσω πέμπειν αὖθις διά τοῦ τοιούτου σχήματος τοῦ σώματος (ὡς γάρ τῶν μεγάλων περί ταῦτά τίς φησι τοῖς ἔξω σχήμασιν εἴωθεν ἔσω ἄνθρωπος συνεξομοιοῦσθαι μετά τήν παράβασινἐπεί ταῦτ ἐκεῖνοι τούτῳ ὑπετίθεντο, μετά βραχύ λίαν ἀφηνιάσας, οὐ μέχρι τοῦ λειποταξίου ἔστη, ἀλλά καί πικρός αὐτοῖς ἐπί συνόδου κατέστη κατήγορος, ὀμφαλοψύχους ( σελ
可是,對這位心中懷著該隱戰兢的「俊傑」,我們的人也曾勸他稍稍節制呼吸,好叫他哪怕片刻也能約束思想,並勸他不要東張西望,而要把眼目彷彿固定在一個支點上——自己的胸膛或肚臍——這樣藉著身體的此種姿勢,把那藉視覺向外流溢的心思之力,重新送回心裡(因為,正如這方面的一位大師所言,人墮落之後,內在之人慣於隨從外在的姿勢);既然他們向他提出這些教導,他不久便極其桀驁,不僅擅離崗位,更在會議上成了控告他們的尖刻原告,譏他們為「臍中之魂」。
But since to this noble man—who in mind underwent the trembling of Cain—our people also counselled to restrain the breath a little, so that he might check his thought even for a brief moment, and not to dart the eye here and there, but to fix it as upon a kind of support, his own breast or navel, and thus through such a bodily posture to send the power of the mind, which is poured outward through sight, back into the heart (for, as one of the great ones in these matters says, after the transgression the inner man is wont to be conformed to the outer postures)—since they laid down these things for him, after a very little while he grew restive, and not only did he desert his post, but he even became a bitter accuser of them before the council, calling them "navel-souls" (omphalopsychoi).
1:1813
Τάχα καί τόν εἰπόντα πρός Θεόν κοιλία μου ἠχήσει ὡς κιθάρα καί τά ἐντός μου ὡσεί τεῖχος χαλκοῦν ἐνεκαίνισας καί τόν εἰπόντα ὡς νόμος τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐν μέσῳ τῆς κοιλίας μου κοιλιοψύχους ἄν οὗτοςἤ κοιλιονόμους προσαγορεύσειε καί τόν γράφοντα μνήμη Θεοῦ κολληθήτω τῇ πνοῇ σου παραπλησίαν ἐπιθείη τήν ἐπωνυμίαν˙ καί διαβαλεῖ πάντας τούς διά σωματικῶν συμβόλων τά νοερά καί θεῖα καί πνευματικά καί τυποῦντας καί ὀνομάζοντας καί ἀνιχνεύοντας
也許他還要把那向神說「我的肚腹要鳴響如琴,我的肺腑要像你所修復的銅牆」(賽十六11)的人,以及那說「神的律法在我心腹之中」(詩四十8)的人,稱作「腹中之魂」或「腹之立法者」;又要給那寫下「願對神的記念與你的呼吸相連」的人,加上類似的綽號。凡藉身體的記號去描繪、稱呼並探尋那理智、神聖、屬靈之事的人,他都要加以毀謗。
Perhaps too he would call him who said to God, "My belly shall sound like a harp, and my inward parts like a brazen wall which you have renewed" (Isa 16:11), and him who said that "the law of God is in the midst of my belly" (Ps 39:9 LXX), "belly-souls" or "belly-legislators"; and to the one who writes "Let the remembrance of God cleave to your breath" he would attach a like appellation. And he will slander all who through bodily symbols both figure, name, and trace out things noetic, divine, and spiritual.
1:1814
Ἀλλ ἐκείνους μέν παρά τοῦτο βλάψει γε οὐδέν, αὐτός δέ καί τῶν ἱερῶν παραπετασμάτων ἔξω μενεῖ καί οὐδέ καί πρός τάς σκιάς ἀτενίζειν ἕξει τῆς ἀληθείας
然而他這樣做絲毫傷不了他們,他自己卻要被關在神聖的幔子之外,甚至連真理的影子都不能仰望。
But by this he will do them no harm at all, while he himself will remain outside the sacred veils and will not be able even to gaze upon the shadows of the truth.
1:1815
Καί οὐ δυσχερανεῖς πάντως ταῦτα παρ ἡμῶν ἀκούων˙ ἐγγυτέρω γάρ σε Θεοῦ ποιοῦμενἤ σύ τούς ἡνωμένους Θεῷ˙ τῶν γάρ σκιῶν ἡμεῖς σε ἐκβάλλομεν, σύδ ἐκείνους καί τῆς σκιᾶς τῶν σκιῶν
你從我們這裡聽見這些話,定不至大為惱怒;因為我們把你放得比你把那些與神聯合的人更靠近神。我們不過把你逐出影子之外,你卻把他們連影子的影子都逐出了。
And you will not be at all vexed to hear these things from us; for we make you nearer to God than you make those who are united to God. For we cast you out from the shadows, but you cast them out even from the shadow of the shadows.
1:1816
Ἀλλά νῦν, φησίν, ἐν ἐσόπτρῳ βλέπομεν μέγας Παῦλός φησι
他卻說:「但如今我們對著鏡子觀看」,正如偉大的保羅所說(林前十三12)。
"But now," he says, "we see in a mirror," as the great Paul says.
1:1817
Οὐδέ σκιάν σκιᾶς ἔχει τήν ἐμφαινομένην, κἄν ἧττον διειδές καί λεῖον ;
那映現於鏡中之物,即或不那麼清澈光滑,難道連影子的影子都沒有麼?
Does what appears therein not possess even a shadow of a shadow, even if it be less transparent and smooth?
1:1818
Καί πῶς ἄν δεικνύοι τι καί πῶς ἄν ἔσοπτρον εἴη καί πῶς βλέπομεν ἐν αὐτῷ τι μηδέ γοῦν σκιάν σκιᾶς ἔχοντι;
若它連影子的影子都沒有,又怎能顯出甚麼來?怎能算是鏡子?我們又怎能在其中看見甚麼呢?
And how could it show forth anything, and how could it be a mirror, and how do we see anything in it, if it possesses not even a shadow of a shadow?
1:1819
Ὅταν δέ καί αὐτός τις ἑαυτόν ἔσοπτρον ἀκραιφνές κατασκευάσῃ Θεοῦ καί τοῦ Θεοῦ τυχόν ἵλεω τοῦτον ἐν ἑαυτῷ ἔχῃ καί τούτῳ νοερῶς ἐντυγχάνῃ, φῶς ὑπέρ φῶς ὑπερφυῶς ἐν φωτί θεώμενος, τόν ὁρῶντα μηδαμῶς ὁρίζον ὀφθαλμόν, πῶς κἄν οὐδέ σκιάν ἔχοι τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ σκιᾶς;
當一個人把自己造成神純淨的鏡子,或竟在自身裡懷著向他施恩的神,並以理智與祂交通,在光中超然地觀看那超乎光的光,那眼目絕不能圈限那觀看者——那麼,他怎會連神影子的影子都沒有呢?
And when someone makes himself a pure mirror of God, and perchance has God propitious within himself and converses with Him noetically, beholding supernaturally light above light in light, the eye that in no way circumscribes the Beholder—how could he then possess not even a shadow of God's shadow?
1:1820
Ὅταν καί νοῦςᾖ τό ἔσοπτρον, καί νοῦς κεκαθαρμένος καί ἀκηλίδωτος, φύσις ἄϋλος, φῶς συγγενές, εἰ χρή λέγειν, τῷ ἀνωτάτῳ καί πρώτῳ φωτί, πῶς ὑπ αὐτοῦ τοῦ πρώτου καταλαμπόμενος φωτός οὐκ αὐτό φαίνοιτ ἄν μέθεξιν τό ἀρχέτυπον κατ αἰτίαν ἐστί;
當這鏡子也是一個心智——而且是潔淨無瑕的心智,是非物質的本性,是(容我斗膽地說)與那至高、第一之光同源的光——它既被那第一之光所照亮,又怎會不藉分享而顯為那原型在因由上所是的呢?
When the mirror is also a mind—and a mind purified and unstained, an immaterial nature, a light akin (if one may say so) to the highest and first Light—how, being illumined by that first Light itself, would it not appear by participation to be that which the archetype is by causality?
1:1821
) Πῶςδ οὐκ δι ἑαυτοῦ φαίνοι τοῦ κρυφίου κάλλους ἐκείνου τήν ὡραιότητα, καθά καί προφήτης λέγει ὅτι λαμπρότης τοῦ Θεοῦ ἡμῶν ἐφ ἡμᾶς;
它又怎會不藉著自己顯出那隱密之美的華麗,正如先知所說:「願我們神的榮光臨到我們」(詩九十17)?
How would it not show forth through itself the loveliness of that hidden beauty, even as the prophet says, "Let the splendor of our God be upon us" (Ps 89:17 LXX)?
1:1822
Πῶς δέ τοιοῦτος ὤν τε καί φαινόμενος, εὐωδία Χριστοῦ, τῶν ἀρετῶν αὐτοῦ ἄγγελος, οὐδέ σκιάν σκιᾶς σχοίη τοῦ Θεοῦ;
他既如此存在、又顯為如此——成了基督的馨香、祂諸般美德的使者——又怎會連神影子的影子都沒有呢?
And how, being and appearing such—a fragrance of Christ, a herald of His virtues—would he not possess even a shadow of a shadow of God?
1:1823
καί τῆς κατά νοῦν αὐτῶν θεωρητικῆς ἀποπληρώσεως ἀπεικονίσματα λέγειν τάς τῶν ἱερῶν Γραφῶν διεξοδικάς μαθητείας
……並把聖經中那循序闡述的教訓,稱作他們心中那默觀之滿足的寫照。
...and to call the discursive instructions of the sacred Scriptures the images of the contemplative fulfillment that takes place in their mind.
1:1824
Πόθεν οὖν τοῦτο προπετῶς φαντασθείς ἐξεῖπεν, ἐροῦμεν ἡμεῖς
那麼,他憑甚麼貿然臆想而道出此言呢?我們要說明。
Whence, then, did he, having rashly imagined this, declare it? We shall say.
1:1825
Ἕτερός τις τῶν ἀληθινῶν θεολόγων, τούς θρασεῖς θεολόγους ἐπιστομίζων, σκιάν μέν λέγει τήν ἐμφαινομένην τῷ κόσμῳ τοῦ Θεοῦ γνῶσιν, καί τήν σκιάν ἔχειν ταύτης τῆς σκιᾶς τούς ἐν τοῖς ὁρωμένοις φιλοσοφοῦντας τῷ μηδέ τῆς κτίσεως τήν ἀκριβῆ κατάληψιν ἔχειν
另有一位真正的神學家,在堵住那些放肆「神學家」的口時,把那向世界顯現的關於神的知識稱為「影子」,並說那些在可見之物中作哲學思辨的人,所擁有的不過是這影子的影子,因為他們連對受造界都沒有精確的領會。
A certain other of the true theologians, in muzzling the audacious theologians, calls "shadow" the knowledge of God that appears to the world, and says that those who philosophize among visible things possess the shadow of this shadow, since they do not even have an exact comprehension of creation.
1:1826
Οὗτος δέ μή πνευματικός καί τούς πνευματικούς ἀνακρίνων, μή εἰδώς ὅτι διαφέρει θεοπτία θεολογίας, καί τῆς ἀπό ὁρωμένων ἐς τά μάλιστα, μετήνεγκεν ἀπ ἐκείνης ἐπί ταύτην τῆς σκιᾶς τήν διπλόην, μᾶλλον δέ οὐδέ ταύτην τοῖς τῶν ἀοράτων θεωροῖς συγχωρεῖ˙ τούτους δέ διά τούτων ἀγεράστους δείξας τῶν λόγων, τούς ἔξω σοφούς οὐκ ἔχει φησίν, ὅπως μή θαυμασίους ἡγήσεται, γενναίως, ὡς αὐτός περί αὐτῶν λέγει, τήν θείαν κατανενοηκότας ὑπεροχήν καί δεἰν ἰσχυριζομένους ἐπί τῶν ὑπέρ ἡμᾶς θέαν ἄνωθεν παραγενέσθαι καί φῶς ἀναλάμψαι νοερόν, δι οὗ ἐστι τοῖς θείοις συζυγεῖν καί κρεῖττονἤ κατά ἀπόδειξιν τάς ἁπλᾶς ἔχειν θεωρίας
但這人——他自己不屬靈,卻去審斷屬靈的人——不曉得「見神」(神視)有別於「神學」,尤其有別於那從可見之物推出的神學;他竟把影子那雙重的隔離,從前者挪用到後者;或更確切地說,他連這隔離也不肯給那些觀看不可見之事的人。他藉這些話顯明他們不配得尊榮,卻又說那些外邦的智者無法不視他們為可羨慕的,因為(按他自己論他們的話說)他們高貴地洞悉了神聖的超越性,並堅持說:對於那超乎我們的事,異象必須從上頭而來,必須有理智之光照耀,藉此才能與神聖之事聯合,並以超乎論證的方式擁有那些單純的默觀。
But this man, who is not spiritual yet judges the spiritual, not knowing that the vision of God differs from theology—and most especially from the theology derived from visible things—transferred from the former to the latter that twofold remove of the shadow; or rather, he does not even grant this to the beholders of invisible things. Having by these words shown them to be unhonored, he says that the outward sages have no way of not deeming them admirable, since (as he himself says of them) they have nobly perceived the divine transcendence and insist that, concerning things above us, the vision must come from above and a noetic light must shine forth, through which it is possible to be conjoined with divine things and to possess the simple contemplations in a manner superior to demonstration.
1:1827
Τοῦτο τοίνυν ἄντικρύς (σελ
於是他直截地聲稱(頁……),
This, then, he states outright (p. ...),
1:1828
) φησιν, ὡς οὐ δύναται μή θεοσεβεῖς τε καί θεόπτας διαφέροντας τῶν ἄλλων ἡγεῖσθαι καί προσαγορεύειν
……他不能不把那些敬畏神、得見神的人,視為、並稱呼為與其餘人有別的。
...that he cannot but regard and address the God-fearing and the seers of God as differing from the rest.
1:1829
Ἀλλ ὡς μέν τό ὑπ ἐκείνων φῶς λεγόμενον βαθύ καί δεινόν σκότος ἐστί, καί ἄνωθεν θέα κάτωθεν καί δαιμόνιος τρανῶς ἐν τῷ προτέρῳ πρός αὐτόν ἀποδέδεικται λόγῳ, καί τήν προσευχήν ἥν διδόται τῷ Θεῷ καί ταύτην εἰς μέσον παραγαγόντες ἄθεον γνώμην ἀπεδείξαμεν οὖσαν˙ οὐ χεῖρονδ ἴσως κἀνταῦθα φάναι βραχύ τι περί αὐτῆς τοῖς προτέροις ἐκείνοις σύμφωνον καί ὁμόλογον
至於他們所稱的「光」其實是深沉可怖的黑暗,那「從上而來」的異象其實分明是從下而來、出於邪魔,這一點已在前一篇論述中清楚地駁倒了他;而他向神所獻上的禱告——這我們也已揭露出來,顯明它是無神的見解。在此或許也不妨稍稍論及此事,與前述那些論點相合相應。
But that what is called by them "light" is a deep and dreadful darkness, and that the vision "from above" is plainly from below and demonic, has been clearly demonstrated against him in the previous discourse; and the prayer which he offers to God—this too we brought into the open and showed to be a godless opinion. It will perhaps be no worse here too to say something briefly about it, in agreement and concord with those former points.
1:1830
μέν οὖν Δαυίδ εἶπεν ὅτι θεοί οἵ τόν οὐρανόν καί τήν γῆν οὐκ ἐποίησαν ἀπολέσθωσαν˙ ἐγώδ ἄν φαίην προσθείς ὡς συναπόλοιτο τοῖς θεοῖς τούτοις ὑπεροχή Θεοῦ, μηδέ τῆς ἀνειδέου κατ ἐκείνους ὕλης προτέρα μηδ ἐκ μή ὄντων προαγαγοῦσα τά ὄντα μηδέ τῶν ἐν ἡμῖν ὁπωσδηποτοῦν φαινομένων ἀσυγκρίτως ὑπερανέχουσα μηδέ τῇδε καί καθ ἡμᾶς πρόνοιαν ποιουμένη
大衛曾說:「那些沒有造天地的神,必要滅亡」(參耶十11);我卻要補充說:那與這些「神」一同滅亡的,還有那種所謂「神的超越性」——它既不先於(如他們所主張的)那無形質料,也未曾從無中生出萬有,更不曾無可比擬地超越凡在我們中間以任何方式顯現之物,也不對此處、對我們施行護理。
Now David said, "Let the gods who did not make heaven and earth perish" (cf. Jer 10:11); but I would add, saying, that there would perish together with these gods also that "transcendence of God" which is neither prior to the formless matter (as they hold), nor brought forth beings from non-being, nor incomparably surpasses whatever in any way appears among us, nor exercises providence here and over us.
1:1831
δέ Πυθαγόρας ἐν τοῖς ἀχρήστοις πλέονἤ χρυσοῖς ἔπεσι ποιοῦτό φησιν εἶναι διηνεκῶς τό θεῖον, οἷος γένοιτ ἄν ποτ ἄνθρωπος σχολάσας˙ οὕτω κατενόησε τήν ὑπεροχήν τοῦ Θεοῦ
至於畢達哥拉斯,在那些與其說是「金」言、不如說是無用之言中,說神性永遠就如一個人偶爾閒暇時所能成為的那樣:他竟是這樣領會神的超越性的。
And Pythagoras, in those worthless verses—worthless rather than golden—says that the Divine is everlastingly such as a man might at times become when at leisure: in this way he conceived of the transcendence of God.
1:1832
Καί μή εἰ καί τήν ὑπεροχήν κατανενοηκότες ἦσαν, οὐδ οὑτως ἄν ἦσαν πεφωτισμένοι˙ καί γάρ οὐχ ὡς Θεόν ἐδόξασαν ὅν ὡς Θεόν κατενόησαν, εἴ γε καί κατενόησαν˙ καί οἱ δαίμονες γάρ Θεόν ὕψιστον ἴσασι τόν Χριστόν, ὡς τό πνεῦμα τοῦ Πύθωνος ἔλεγε περί Σίλα καί Παύλου, οὗτοι δοῦλοι τοῦ Θεοῦ τοῦ ὑψίστου εἰσίν, ἀλλ οὐ διά τοῦτο πεφωτισμένους ὑπό Θεοῦ ἐροῦμεν τούς δαίμονας, καίτοι τοῦ ὑψίστου ὑψηλότερον οὐδέν οὐδ ἴσον
縱使他們真領會了神的超越性,他們仍不得稱為蒙了光照;因為他們並未把他們所領會為神的,當作神來榮耀——若他們果真領會了的話。連邪魔尚且認得基督是至高的神,正如那巫鬼之靈論到西拉和保羅所說的:「這些人是至高神的僕人」(徒十六17);然而我們絕不因此說邪魔蒙了神的光照,雖然沒有比至高者更高的,也沒有與之相等的。
And even if they had perceived the transcendence, not even so would they have been enlightened; for they did not glorify as God Him whom they conceived as God—if indeed they conceived Him at all. For the demons too know Christ to be the Most High God, as the spirit of Python said concerning Silas and Paul, "These are servants of the Most High God" (Acts 16:17); yet we shall not on that account call the demons enlightened by God, though there is nothing higher than the Most High, nor anything equal.
1:1833
Τοῦ δέ ὑπέρ ἀπόδειξιν, ὅπερ Ἑλλήνων οἱ σοφοί καί τούτοις ἑπόμενος οὗτος οἴονταί τι μέγα, τά τε φύσει (σελ
至於那「超乎論證者」——希臘人中的智者和這跟從他們的人都以為是何等了不起的——其實一切本性可被理智領會之事,乃至許多本非天生可被理智領會、卻由我們和我們推理所產生之事,都超越它,正如我們先前所顯明的。倘若他們對「全然不存在之物」所作的「論證」被駁倒,那麼這「超乎論證者」也必如戴上了冥府的隱身帽一般,消失無蹤。
As for that "above demonstration" which the wise among the Greeks and this man who follows them suppose to be something great: the things by nature intelligible all, and many even of the things not intelligible by nature but produced by us and by our reasoning, transcend it, as we have also shown before. And if their "demonstration" of things in no way and nowhere existing be refuted, then this "above demonstration" too, having altogether donned the cap of Hades, will be gone.
1:1834
) νοητά πάντα καί τῶν μή φύσει νοητῶν, ὑφ ἡμῶν δέ καί τῆς ἡμετέρας διανοίας γενομένων, ὑπερανέχει πολλά, καθάπερ καί πρότερον ἐδείξαμεν˙ εἰ δέ καί κατ ἐκείνους ἀπόδειξις τῶν μηδαμῇ μηδαμῶς ὄντων ἐξελεγχθείη, καί τό ὑπέρ ἀπόδειξιν τοῦτο τήν κυνῆν πάντως Ἅδου περιβαλόμενον οἰχήσεται
那麼,論證的終極目的是甚麼呢?
What then is the end of demonstration?
1:1835
Τί οὖν τό τέλος τῆς ἀποδείξεως;
乃是「原因」——即那「之所以如此而非別樣」者。
The cause—that which is so and not otherwise.
1:1836
Τό αἴτιον οὕτως ἔχει καί οὐκ ἄλλως
那麼,讓我們從起點開始。
Let us begin, then, from the beginning.
1:1837
Ἀρξώμεθα δή ἀπό τῆς ἀρχῆς
那麼,讓我們從起點開始。
Let us begin, then, from the beginning.
1:1838
ἀνωμολογημένον˙ εἰσίδ ἐφεκτικοί τινες οἵ καί κοινῇ πᾶσιν ἀντιλέγουσι
……是眾所公認的;然而有某些懸而不斷的懷疑論者,連眾人共同認定的一切,他們也一概反駁。
...agreed upon; but there are certain skeptics (ephectics) who contradict everything held in common by all.
1:1839
Καί μήν ἐκ μηδαμῇ μηδαμῶς γίνεσθαί τι κοινῇ πᾶσιν ἔννοια τῷ Ἀριστοτέλει δέδοκται καί τό ὑλικόν αἴτιον ἀεί τοῦ εἰδικοῦ προεῖναι καί πλεῖσθ ἕτερα τοιαῦτα τοῦτον ἔχοντα τόν τρόπον˙ ἀλλ ἡμῖν οὐ συνδοκεῖ˙ πᾶν δέ τοὐναντίον περί αὐτῶν δοξάζομεν σοφοί τε καί ἰδιῶται, γεγενῆσθαι μέν γάρ ἐκ μή ὄντων ἅπανθ ὑπό τοῦ Θεοῦ, προϋποστῆναι δέ τό φῶς ἀστέρων, εἶδος ὄν αὐτῶν
誠然,「凡物不能從全然不存在中生成」乃眾人共有的觀念,正如亞里士多德所主張的;又如「質料因恆先於形式因」,以及許許多多諸如此類、皆按此理而立的事。然而我們並不以為然;無論智者或庸眾,我們對這些事都持全然相反的看法:萬有都是神從無中所造的,但星辰之光——就是它們的「形式」——卻是先已存在的(創一3、16)。
And indeed, that nothing comes to be from what in no way and nowhere exists is a notion common to all, as Aristotle held; and that the material cause always preexists the formal, and very many other such things hold in this manner. But to us it does not so seem; rather, we hold the wholly contrary opinion about them, both the wise and the unlearned: that all things were brought into being from non-being by God, but that the light of the stars, which is their form, preexisted.
1:1840
Εἰ τοίνυν τά μή πᾶσι συνομολογούμενα μηδέ φύσει γνώριμα, πᾶσι δέ συνομολογούμενον οὐδέν, κατά σέ τε καί ἐκείνους οὐδέν τῇ φύσει γνώριμον˙ τῶν δέ φύσει γνωρίμων ὑμᾶς ἐπιλιπόντων συνεπιλείψει πάντως καί ἀπόδειξις˙ πᾶσαν γάρ ἀποδεικτικήν ἀρχήν καί πρότασιν φύσει γνώριμον εἶναι δεῖν καί αὐτός ἐν τοῖς πρός ἡμᾶς σου γράμμασι διαγορεύεις
那麼,若眾人並非共同認定之事便非本性可知的,而按你和他們的說法,又沒有任何事是眾人共同認定的,那麼便沒有任何事是本性可知的;本性可知之事既然在你們手中盡都落空,論證也必隨之徹底落空。因為連你自己在寫給我們的文字中也宣稱:凡論證的原理與前提,都必須是本性可知的。
If, then, the things not agreed upon by all are also not knowable by nature, and nothing is agreed upon by all—according both to you and to them—then nothing is knowable by nature; and if the things knowable by nature fail you, demonstration too will utterly fail along with them. For you yourself, in your writings addressed to us, declare that every demonstrative principle and premise must be knowable by nature.
1:1841
Ἀρξώμεθα δή ἀπό τῆς ἀρχῆς
那麼,讓我們從起點開始。
Let us begin, then, from the beginning.
1:1842
Οὐδέν εὑρίσκεται πᾶσιν συνωμολογημένον τε καί ἀνωμολογημένον˙ εἰσίδ ἐφεκτικοί τινες οἵ καί κοινῇ πᾶσιν ἀντιλέγουσι
找不出任何一事是眾人既共同認定、又無人反對的;而且有某些懷疑論者,連眾人共同認定的,他們也一概反駁。
Nothing is found that is at once agreed upon and not contested by all; but there are certain skeptics who contradict even what is held in common by all.
1:1843
Καί μήν ἐκ μηδαμῇ μηδαμῶς γίνεσθαί τι κοινῇ πᾶσιν ἔννοια τῷ Ἀριστοτέλει δέδοκται καί τό ὑλικόν αἴτιον ἀεί τοῦ εἰδικοῦ προεῖναι καί πλεῖσθ ἕτερα τοιαῦτα τοῦτον ἔχοντα τόν τρόπον˙ ἀλλ ἡμῖν οὐ συνδοκεῖ˙ πᾶν δέ τοὐναντίον περί αὐτῶν δοξάζομεν σοφοί τε καί ἰδιῶται, γεγενῆσθαι μέν γάρ ἐκ μή ὄντων ἅπανθ ὑπό τοῦ Θεοῦ, προϋποστῆναι δέ τό φῶς ἀστέρων, εἶδος ὄν αὐτῶν
誠然,「凡物不能從全然不存在中生成」乃眾人共有的觀念,正如亞里士多德所主張的;又如「質料因恆先於形式因」,以及許許多多諸如此類、皆按此理而立的事。然而我們並不以為然;無論智者或庸眾,我們對這些事都持全然相反的看法:萬有都是神從無中所造的,但星辰之光——就是它們的「形式」——卻是先已存在的。
And indeed, that nothing comes to be from what in no way and nowhere exists is a notion common to all, as Aristotle held; and that the material cause always preexists the formal, and very many other such things hold in this manner. But to us it does not so seem; rather, we hold the wholly contrary opinion about them, both the wise and the unlearned: that all things were brought into being from non-being by God, but that the light of the stars, which is their form, preexisted.
1:1844
Εἰ τοίνυν τά μή πᾶσι συνομολογούμενα μηδέ φύσει γνώριμα, πᾶσι δέ συνομολογούμενον οὐδέν, κατά σέ τε καί ἐκείνους οὐδέν τῇ φύσει γνώριμον˙ τῶν δέ φύσει γνωρίμων ὑμᾶς ἐπιλιπόντων συνεπιλείψει πάντως καί ἀπόδειξις˙ πᾶσαν γάρ ἀποδεικτικήν ἀρχήν καί πρότασιν φύσει γνώριμον εἶναι δεῖν καί αὐτός ἐν τοῖς πρός ἡμᾶς σου γράμμασι διαγορεύεις
那麼,若眾人並非共同認定之事便非本性可知的,而按你和他們的說法,又沒有任何事是眾人共同認定的,那麼便沒有任何事是本性可知的;本性可知之事既在你們手中盡都落空,論證也必隨之徹底落空。因為連你自己在寫給我們的文字中也宣稱:凡論證的原理與前提,都必須是本性可知的。
If, then, the things not agreed upon by all are also not knowable by nature, and nothing is agreed upon by all—according both to you and to them—then nothing is knowable by nature; and if the things knowable by nature fail you, demonstration too will utterly fail along with them. For you yourself, in your writings addressed to us, declare that every demonstrative principle and premise must be knowable by nature.
1:1845
Ἔτι, τό ἀναγκαῖον δεῖ ἔχειν τάς προτάσεις, ἐπεί καί κυρίως ἀπόδειξις κατ Ἀριστοτέλην ἐπί τῶν ἀναγκαίων τε καί ἀϊδίων, τουτέστι τῶν ἀεί ὄντων, δή κἀκ τῶν ἀεί ὄντων λαμβάνουσι τάς ἀποδείξεις˙ τοιαῦτα γάρ τά ὄντως ἀναγκαῖα˙ τόδ ἀεί ὄν ἄναρχόν ἐστι (σελ
再者,前提必須具備必然性,因為按亞里士多德所言,嚴格意義上的論證乃關乎必然而永恆之事——即恆常存在之事——他們也正是從恆常存在之事中引出論證的;因為唯有此類才是真正必然的。而那「恆常存在者」乃是無始的(頁……)
Further, the premises must possess necessity, since, according to Aristotle, demonstration in the strict sense bears upon things necessary and eternal—that is, things that always are—from which indeed they draw their demonstrations; for such are things truly necessary. And the ever-existent is without beginning (p. ...)
1:1846
) καί ἀτελεύτητον˙ γάρ ἦν τότε οὐκ ἦν καί ἔσται ὅτι οὐκ ἔσται, πῶς ἀεί ὄν;
……且是無終的;因為那曾一度不存在的,便不是「恆存」,那將來會「不再存在」的,又怎能是「恆常存在」呢?
...and without end; for that which once was not, was not, and which shall be when it shall not be—how is it ever-existent?
1:1847
Τοιοῦτον δέ τῶν ὄντων καί κτιστῶν οὐδέν
然而在眾有、在受造之物中,沒有一樣是如此的。
But of beings, and of things created, none is such.
1:1848
Οὐδέ ἀπόδειξις ἄρ ἐπ οὐδενός ἐστιν, ἐπεί καί Ἀριστοτέλης ἐπί λέξεως φησι, τῶν φθαρτῶν ἀπόδειξις οὐκ ἔστι, καί τό συμπέρασμα τῆς ἀποδείξεως δεῖ εἶναι ἄφθαρτον καί ἀΐδιον
因此,對任何事物都沒有論證可言,因為亞里士多德自己也逐字地說:「對可朽之物沒有論證」,又說「論證的結論必須是不朽而永恆的」。
There is therefore no demonstration concerning anything, since Aristotle too says verbatim, "Of perishable things there is no demonstration," and "the conclusion of a demonstration must be imperishable and eternal."
1:1849
Ἔτι, ἐπεί τῆς ἀμέσου καί πρώτης προτάσεως οὐδέν ἀρχοειδέστερον, πόθεν αὐτῆς ἔχει τήν ἐπιστήμην ἀποδεικτικός;
再者,既然沒有甚麼比那直接的、第一的前提更具「本原」性質,那麼作論證的人,又從何處得著對它的認識呢?
Further, since nothing is more principle-like than the immediate and first premise, whence does the demonstrator possess the knowledge of it?
1:1850
Εἰ τοίνυν κρείττων ἀποδείξεως ἐπιστήμη, καί γάρ τῶν ἀρχῶν κρείττων, σφαλεράδ αὕτη, πῶς ἀπόδειξις οὐ σφαλερά;
那麼,若知識高過論證——因為對本原的知識確實更高——而這知識本身尚且會出錯,論證又怎會不出錯呢?
If, then, knowledge is superior to demonstration—for the knowledge of first principles is indeed superior—yet this very knowledge is fallible, how is demonstration not fallible?
1:1851
Μᾶλλον δέ πῶς ἀπόδειξις ἥν ὑμεῖς ἀπόδειξίν φατε;
或更該問:你所謂的「論證」,又怎稱得上論證呢?
Or rather, how is that a demonstration which you call demonstration?
1:1852
Εἰ γάρ κατ Ἀριστοτέλην ἀπόδειξις ὑπόληψις βεβαία, ταύτης δέ τυχεῖν ἀμήχανον, κατ Ἀριστοτέλην ἄρ ἀπόδειξις οὐκ ἐν τοῖς οὖσιν
因為按亞里士多德所言,論證乃是一種堅定的判斷,但這堅定卻是無法達到的,那麼按亞里士多德所定義的論證,便根本不在「存在之物」之列了。
For if, according to Aristotle, demonstration is a firm supposition, but it is impossible to attain this firmness, then demonstration according to Aristotle is not among the things that are.
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