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聖山宣言 第 1 章 第 14/17 段

希臘文原文.118 節.部分字詞可點開查義.本章太長已分段,此段為 1:1612–1:1729(全章共 2009 節)

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1:1612
Τοῦτο τοίνυν πρός αὐτούς εἰπόντα σε χρῆν ἀπηλλάχθαι πραγμάτων˙ σύδ ἐκ τῶν οὐχ ἧττον ἀσαφῶν, μᾶλλον δέ σαφῶς ψευδῶν, τά ψευδῆ συναγαγόντας ἀπελέγξας, εἶτα φοβηθείς μή ἐκ ψευδῶν ἀποδεικτικῶς δόξωσι συναγαγεῖν, ( σελ
那麼,這正是你本該對他們說、並由此擺脫麻煩的話;可是你既已駁倒那從同樣晦澀——倒不如說,明明虛假——之前提所推出的虛假結論,卻又害怕他們竟似從虛假前提中「論證式地」推出(結論),(頁……)
This, then, was what you ought to have said to them and so been rid of the trouble; but you, having refuted the false conclusions drawn from premises no less obscure—rather, plainly false—and then fearing lest they should seem to have drawn (their conclusions) demonstratively from false premises, (p. ...)
1:1613
) εἰς τό μηδεμίαν ἀπόδειξιν ἐπί τῶν θείων εἶναι λέγειν εἰς ἀνάγκην ἦλθες καί ἡμῖν ἀντιλέγειν ἀκρατῶς λέγουσιν ὡς τά μέν τῶν θείων οὕτως ἐστίν ἐμφανῆ κατά τάς τῶν πατέρων παραδόσεις, ὡς καί ἐπαφήν εἶναι τούτων καί ἀπόδειξιν καί ἐπιστήμην, ἀλλά καί ὑπέρ τόν νοερῶς ὁρῶντα νοῦν καί ὑπέρ τόν καί αὐτάς τάς νοεράς ἐνεργείας ὑπεραναβάντα καί κατά ἀπόπαυσιν πάσης ἀντιληπτικῆς δυνάμεως χάριτι ἀρρήτῳ ὑπερηνωμένον τοῖς ἀπερινοήτοις
)便不得不說,對神聖之事全然沒有論證,並反駁我們——你說我們過分地主張,照教父的傳統,有些神聖之事是如此明顯,以致對它們甚至有觸及、有論證、有知識——然而(這觸及)乃在那以理智觀看之心智之上,並在那連理智之諸活動本身都已超越、且藉一切領會能力的止息、被那不可言說之恩典至高地聯於不可思議之事的人之上。
) came into the necessity of saying that there is no demonstration at all concerning divine things, and of contradicting us, who immoderately (you say) assert that some divine things are, according to the Fathers' traditions, so manifest that there is even a grasp of them and demonstration and knowledge—yet (a grasp) above the intellect that sees intellectually, and above him who has even transcended the intellectual energies themselves and, by the cessation of all apprehending power, has been supremely united by ineffable grace to the inconceivable things.
1:1614
Συμβαίνει τοίνυν ἐξ ὧν φιλόσοφος βίᾳ μέν, ὡς αὐτός φησιν, ὑπέστηδ ὅμως ἀνεπιλήπτους εἶναι τούς πρός αὐτόν παρά Λατίνων εἰρημένους ἅπαντας συλλογισμούς˙ συναιροῦνται γάρ τούτοις κατ αὐτόν αἱ πατερικαί παραδόσεις
那麼,從那哲士——如他自己所說,雖是被迫——仍然主張的話,便推出:拉丁人所說一切針對他的三段論都是無從駁倒的;因為照他所說,教父的傳統與這些三段論相合。
It follows, then, from what the philosopher—under compulsion, as he himself says—nevertheless laid down, that all the syllogisms spoken against him by the Latins are irrefutable; for, according to him, the patristic traditions concur with these.
1:1615
Ἔοικε τοιγαροῦν ἑαυτοῦ καταγινώσκειν ὡς μή δυνηθέντος ἀπελέγξαι τούτους
因此,他似乎是把自己定罪,承認自己無法駁倒它們。
It seems, therefore, that he condemns himself as one who was unable to refute them.
1:1616
ἀμαυροῖ καί λωβᾶται τῇ δυνάμει τῶν λόγων ἐκείνων, ὡς ἐκποδών γένοιτο καί τοῦτο τό σκῶλον τόν περί τούτου λόγον ἐποιησαίμην
……他藉那些論述之力使(真理)昏暗、殘缺,好叫這絆腳石也得以挪開——(為此緣故)我就此作了這篇論述。
...he dims and mutilates (the truth) by the force of those arguments, so that this stumbling-block too might be got out of the way—(for this reason) I made the argument concerning this.
1:1617
δέ, κατά τοῦ καθαίροντος ὡς καθαιροῦντος ὀργισθείς, προσκόπτων ἐπέδωκεν
但他卻向那潔淨(真理)之人發怒,彷彿那人是在毀壞真理,便絆跌而發作起來。
But he, angered against the one who cleanses (the truth) as though he were destroying it, stumbling, gave way (i.e. lashed out).
1:1618
Οὔκουν ἐκ τῆς τῶν ἀντιτεγμένων βιασθέντα δυνάμεως τοῦτο παθεῖν αὐτόν οἴομαι, κἄν αὐτός τοῦτο λέγῃ, ἀλλ ὡς τά θεῖα μή μεμυημένον ἀκριβῶς καί τῷ δοκεῖν ἔχειν ἐθέλειν τήν περί λόγους κατά παντός προεδρείαν ἀπό τοῦ διδασκαλείου τῆς ματαιότητος θεολογοῦντα καί τῶν Ἀριστοτέλους τεχνῶν τήν κακοτεχνίαν ἐν τοῖς τοιούτοις λόγοις ἐπιδεικνύμενον
那麼,我並不認為他是因那相對之(論證)的力量被迫而遭此境地,縱然他自己這樣說;倒不如說,是因他未曾準確地受過神聖之事的入門之啟,又想在論辯之事上顯為超乎眾人,從那虛妄之學派發其神學,並在這等論述中施展亞里斯多德諸藝那敗壞的伎倆。
I do not, then, think that he suffered this under compulsion by the force of the opposing (arguments), even though he himself says so; but rather as one not accurately initiated into divine things, and wishing to seem to hold pre-eminence over all in matters of argument, theologizing from the school of vanity, and displaying the bad artifice of Aristotle's arts in such discourses.
1:1619
) καί θέας οὐρανίου καί θεωριῶν ἁπλῶν καί ἀμερῶν, αὐτός περί αὐτῶνἅ οὐδείς που ἕτερος τῶν ἡμετέρων ἐπιψηφίζεται˙ ταῦτα γάρ, φησίν, ἀκούων αὐτῶν λεγόντων, οὐ δύναμαι μή καί αὐτούς ὑπό Θεοῦ πεφωτίσθαι λέγειν˙ ὧν ἕκαστον ἐν τῷ πρός αὐτόν μοι προτέρῳ Καθ ἑλληνικῆς νοερᾶς ἐποψίας διακρῶς ἐξελήλεγκται λόγῳ
)……至於屬天的異象,並單純不可分的觀照,他竟對那些事自行裁斷,而我們(教會著作家)中卻無人就此下任何判語;因為他說:「這些事,每當我聽見他們講說時,我就不能不說他們也是受了神的光照」——這每一點,在我先前對他所作的論述《駁希臘人的理智之觀照》中,都已被徹底駁倒了。
) ...and of heavenly visions and of contemplations simple and indivisible, he himself (decides) about those very things concerning which no other of our (writers) gives a verdict; for 'these things,' he says, 'when I hear them saying, I cannot but say that they too have been enlightened by God'—each of which has been thoroughly refuted in my former discourse to him, 'Against the Hellenic intellectual vision.'
1:1620
Ἐντεῦθεν τούς Λατίνους οὐκ ἄλλως ἐξελέγχειἤ ἀπό τοῦ λέγειν ὅτι οἱ συλλογισμοί αὐτῶν οὔτε διαλεκτικοί εἰσι κατά τάς Ἀριστοτέλους παραδόσεις οὔτε ἀποδεικτικοί, μή εἰδώς, ὡς ἔοικεν, ὅτι πάντεςἤ οἱ πλεῖστοι συλλογισμοί ἐπί τῶν θείων οὔτε διαλεκτικοί εἰσιν οὔτε ἀποδεικτικοί˙ πῶς γάρ οἵ γε οὐδέ συλλογισμοί εἰσι κατά τάς Ἀριστοτέλους παραδόσεις, ὡς ἐδείξαμεν ἐν τῷ προτέρῳ λόγῳ καί νῦν αὖθις, τοῦ λόγους προϊόντος καί τοῦ θεοῦ διδόντος, δείξομεν;
於是他駁斥拉丁人,惟一的方式就是說:他們的三段論按亞里斯多德的傳統既非思辨性的,也非論證性的——他似乎不曉得,關乎神聖之事的一切(或大多數)三段論,原本既非思辨性的,也非論證性的;因為那些連按亞里斯多德的傳統都根本算不上三段論的,又怎能(是論證性的)呢?正如我們在前篇論述中所顯明的,並且如今隨論述推進、神若賜恩,我們還要再次顯明。
Hence he refutes the Latins in no other way than by saying that their syllogisms are neither dialectical according to Aristotle's traditions nor demonstrative—not knowing, as it seems, that all, or most, syllogisms concerning divine things are neither dialectical nor demonstrative; for how could those be, which are not even syllogisms at all according to Aristotle's traditions, as we showed in the former discourse and shall now again, as the argument proceeds and God grants, show?
1:1621
Ἐντεῦθεν τούς ἡμετέρους κατά Λατίνων λόγους παντί τρόπῳ πειρᾶται ἀκυροῦν, ὡς μή μόνον δοκοίη θεολόγος, ἀλλά καί μόνος ἀρτίως ἐπί γῆς
於是他竭力以各樣方法廢掉我們駁斥拉丁人的論述,好叫他不單顯為一位神學家,更顯為當今地上惟一的神學家。
Hence he tries by every means to annul our arguments against the Latins, so that he might seem to be not only a theologian, but even the only one at present on earth.
1:1622
Περί μέν γάρ ἀποδείξεως ἴσως ἀφορμῆς ἐλάβετό τινος, περί δέ τῶν ἄλλων τίς αὐτῷ λόγος τοῖς τῷ εὐσεβεῖ συνηγοροῦσιν ἀντικείσθαι λόγοις;
因為論到「論證」,他或許抓住了某種藉口;但論到其餘的事,他又有什麼理由去敵對那些為敬虔辯護的論述呢?
For concerning demonstration he perhaps got hold of some pretext; but concerning the other matters, what reason has he to oppose the arguments that advocate piety?
1:1623
Ἀκούων γάρ σοφός οὗτος ἡμῶν λεγόντων, ὡς οὐ διά μέσης θεότητος ἐπί θεότητα ἦλθεν Θεός τήν φύσει, ἀλλά τήν θέσει τε καί χάριτι, καί ὡς, εἰ πρός τήν πρώτην αἰτίαν ὥσπερ τά τοῦ μονογενοῦς οὕτω καί τά τοῦ Πνεύματος ἀναφέρεται, τοιγαροῦν τό Πνεῦμα ἀμέσως ἀναφέρεται πρός τόν Πατέρα, εἰ δέ ἀμέσως ἀναφέρεται καί ἀμέσως ἐκπορεύεται, καί ὡς, εἰ γεννᾶται Υἱός ἐκ μόνου τοῦ Πατρός, καί τό Πνεῦμα ἐκ μόνου τοῦ Πατρός ἐκπορεύεται, καί γάρ ὁμοίως ταῦτ ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός, πλήν τοῦ τρόπου τῆς ὑπάρξεως, πρός δέ κἀκ τῶν ὕστερον ὁμοίως τεθεολογημένων τά προαιωνίως κατά τοῦθ ὁμοίως ὑπάρχοντα δεικνύντων καί προαγαγόντων τούς εἰπόνας, ὅτι, ὡς Υἱός ἐστιν ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός οὕτω καί τό Πνεῦμα ἐκ (σελ
因為我們這位智者,聽見我們說:神並非藉著一位居間的神格而臻於神格(指在子與靈裡),乃是按本性而為神,而(子的受生與靈的發出)則是按位置與恩典;又說,若把獨生子的諸事歸於第一因,照樣靈的諸事也歸於第一因,那麼靈便是直接歸於父,而既是直接歸於父,便也是直接發出的;又說,若子單從父受生,靈也單從父發出,因為這二者照樣都是出於父,只在存在的方式上有別;此外,那些後來照樣作神學論述、顯明並引述那些就此而論先於諸世代照樣自存之事的人,那些說「子怎樣出於父,靈也照樣出於(頁……)
For this wise man of ours, hearing us say that God did not come to deity (in the Son and Spirit) by a deity intermediate, but that the deity is by nature, while (sonship and procession are) by position and grace; and that, if to the First Cause are referred the things of the Only-begotten, so too are referred the things of the Spirit, then the Spirit is referred immediately to the Father, and if referred immediately, also proceeds immediately; and that, if the Son is begotten from the Father alone, the Spirit too proceeds from the Father alone, for these likewise are from the Father, save in the mode of existence; and besides, those who later theologized in like manner, showing and adducing the things that pre-eternally subsist in like manner with respect to this, those who said that, as the Son is from the Father, so too the Spirit is from (p. ...)
1:1624
) Πατρός, πλήν τοῦ τόν μέν εἶναι γεννητῶς, τό δέ ἐκπορευτῶς, καί αὖθις, τί μή προσαγορεύεται τό Πνεῦμα ὧν Υἱός, πλήν γεννήσεως, καί πάντα ὅσα τοῦ Υἱοῦ, καί τοῦ Πνεύματος, πλήν τῆς υἱότητος, καί πάντα ὅσα Υἱός, καί τό Πνεῦμα, πλήν γεννήσεως, καί τοῦτο τηρητέον ἐν ἅπασι τοῖς ἐπ αὐτόν λεγομένοις, προσέτι, καί διά τῆς εἰς ἄτοπον ἀπαγωγῆς ἐξελεγχόντων τούς μή ἐκ μόνου τοῦ Πατρός ἐκπορευόμενον τό Πνεῦμα δογματίζοντας καί δεικνύντων ὡς οὐδέ Υἱός ἐκ μόνου τοῦ Πατρός ἄν εἴη, εἰ μή καί τό Πνεῦμα, ταῦθ ἅπαντα καί πλεῖσθ ἕτερα τῷ λόγῳ παντί περιηχούμενα παρ οὐδέν ἐκεῖνος θέμενος τό ζητούμενόν φησιν ἀξιοῖς
)父,只是一個是藉受生,另一個是藉發出;又再者,靈為何不被冠以子所有的那些名稱,惟「受生」除外;又凡屬子的,也都屬靈,惟「為子」除外;又凡子所是的,靈也都是,惟「受生」除外;又說這一點要在凡論及祂的一切事上遵守——此外,那些藉「歸謬法」駁斥那些主張靈非單從父發出之人,並顯明若非靈也(單從父發出),連子都不會是單從父而出的人——這一切事,並其餘許多事,雖響徹整篇論述,那人卻把它們置之不顧,說:「你是在丐題(預設待證之事)。」
) the Father, save that the one is by way of begetting, the other by way of procession; and again, why the Spirit is not called by those names by which the Son is, save 'begetting'; and that all things which are the Son's are also the Spirit's, save sonship; and all things which the Son is, the Spirit also is, save begetting; and that this is to be observed in all things said concerning him—moreover, those who, by reduction to absurdity, refute those who dogmatize that the Spirit does not proceed from the Father alone, and show that not even the Son would be from the Father alone, unless the Spirit also (were so)—all these things and very many others, though they resound throughout the whole discourse, that man, setting them at naught, says: 'You are begging the question.'
1:1625
Πῶς ἀξιοῦμεν τό ζητούμενον διά πολλῶν καί πολλούς ἡμῖν δείξαντες συμμαρτυροῦντας ὅτι πλήν τοῦ τρόπου τῆς ὑπάρξεως, δηλαδή ἐκπορεύεσεώς τε καί γεννήσεως, ὡς Υἱός ἐστιν ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός οὕτω καί τό Πνεῦμα ἐκ Πατρός, καί οὕτω σαφές καί ἀνεξέλεγκτον προθέντες αἴτιον τοῦ συμπεράσματος;
我們既藉許多(論證)顯明了許多(見證者)與我們一同作證,說:除存在的方式(即發出與受生)以外,子怎樣出於父,靈也照樣出於父,並如此陳明了結論之緣由乃是明顯而無可反駁的,我們又怎是在「丐題」呢?
How are we 'begging the question,' when through many (arguments) we have shown many (witnesses) attesting with us that, save in the mode of existence—that is, of procession and begetting—as the Son is from the Father, so too is the Spirit from the Father, and have thus set forth a cause of the conclusion that is plain and irrefutable?
1:1626
Ἀλλ ἔδει, φησί, δεῖξαι ὅτι οὐκ ἐκ τοῦ Υἱοῦ
他說:「但所必須的,乃是顯明(靈)並非出於子。」
'But it was necessary,' he says, 'to show that (the Spirit) is not from the Son.'
1:1627
Παρίημι τοίνυν δι ὅσων λόγος τοῦτο προϊών ἀπέδειξεν˙ ἀλλά τό οὐκ ἐκ τοῦ Υἱοῦ οὐ ταὐτόν τῷ ἐκ μόνου τοῦ Πατρός;
那麼,這論述隨其推進,藉著多少(證明)已證明了這事,我姑且不論;但「非出於子」豈不就等同於「單從父而出」嗎?
I pass over, then, through how many (proofs) the argument, as it proceeded, demonstrated this; but is not 'not from the Son' the same as 'from the Father alone'?
1:1628
τό Πνεῦμα, ἐκ μόνου τοῦ τοῦ Πατρός, καί εἰ ἐκ μόνου τοῦ Πατρός, οὐχί καί ἐκ τοῦ Υἱοῦ, καί τοσοῦτον ἰσορρόπως ἔχουσι πρός ἄλληλα ὡς ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς λόγοις δι ὧν συνάγεται μή εἶναι καί ἐκ τοῦ Υἱοῦ τό Πνεῦμα τό ἅγιον, εἴ τις ἀντί τούτου τό ἐκ μόνου τοῦ Πατρός εἶναι συμπέρασμα τιθείη, μηδέν ἄν διαφέρειν
靈乃是單從父而出;而既是單從父而出,便不也是出於子;這二者彼此如此均衡,以致在凡推出「聖靈不也是出於子」的一切論證中,若有人把「單從父而出」這結論代入此處,那是毫無分別的。
The Spirit (is) from the Father alone; and if from the Father alone, then not also from the Son; and these are so equally balanced with respect to one another, that in all the arguments by which it is gathered that the Holy Spirit is not also from the Son, if anyone should set the conclusion 'from the Father alone' in place of this, it would make no difference at all.
1:1629
Εἰ τοίνυν τοῦθ οὕτως ἔχει, ὥσπερ οὖν ἔχει, τοῦτ αὐτό ἐδείξαμεν ὅτι οὐχί καί ἐκ τοῦ Υἱοῦ τό Πνεῦμα τό ἅγιον, ἐκ μόνου δεδειχότες τοῦτο τοῦ Πατρός ἐκπροευόμενον˙ εἰδ ἐπί τοῦ Υἱοῦ συννοεῖται εὐθύς τό οὐκ ἐξ ἄλλου διά τό σύνεγγες, ὡς καί αὐτός λέγεις, κἀπί τοῦ Πνεύματος (σελ
那麼,這事既是如此——確實如此——我們便已顯明了這同一件事,即聖靈也不是出於子的,既已顯明祂是單從父發出的;又若在子的情形上,「非出於別者」因那緊密的相連(如你自己所說)便立刻與(「出於父」)一同被領會,那麼在靈的情形上(頁……)
If, then, this is so—as indeed it is—we have shown this very thing, that the Holy Spirit is not also from the Son, having shown it to proceed from the Father alone; and if, in the case of the Son, the 'not from another' is at once understood together (with 'from the Father') because of the near-conjunction, as you yourself say, then in the case of the Spirit (p. ...)
1:1630
) οὖν ὁμοίως συννοεῖται, καί τό ζητούμενον ἔχομεν καί σέ ὑπό τῶν οἰκείων κἀνταῦθα ἐξεληλεγμένον λόγων καί τοῖς ἡμετέροις ἄκοντα συνηγοροῦντα λόγοις
)也照樣一同被領會;於是我們便得著所尋求之事,而你在此處也被你自己的論述所駁倒,並不情願地為我們的論述作了辯護。
) it is likewise understood together; and we have the thing sought, and you, here too, refuted by your own arguments and unwillingly advocating ours.
1:1631
Εἰ δέ καί αὐτόθεν εὕρηται τό δεῖγμα, θαυμάσαι ἔδει τῆς ἀληθείας τό ἐμφανές καί τοῦ συνηγόρου λόγου τήν δύναμιν
並且,這證明若正是從此源頭尋得的,人倒理當驚嘆真理的明顯與那為之辯護之論述的能力。
And if the proof is found from this very source, one ought rather to have marvelled at the manifestness of the truth and the power of the advocating argument.
1:1632
δέ μηδέν ἔχων ἐγκαλεῖν ὑπό τῆς ἐπί τῷ μόνος εἶναί τει δοκεῖν ἀκαίρου φιλοτιμίας τοῖς ἐκ τοῦ διδασκαλείου τῆς ματαιότητος καί καθ ἡμῶν ὥσπερ κατά τῶν ἑτεροδόξων χρῆται˙ (διαστέλλειν γάρ τῶν δυσσεβῶν τούς εὐσεβεῖς φθόνος οὐκ εἴωθε), διό καί τό φανερόν τἀληθοῦς συσκιάζειν πειρᾶται καί λαθεῖν οἴεται, τῆς τέχνης, μᾶλλον δέ τῆς κακοτεχνίας, τό μέλαν περιχεάμενος
但他既無可指責,便因那不合時宜、想顯為惟一(神學家)的野心,把那出自虛妄學派的(論述)也用來攻擊我們,彷彿是攻擊異端一般;因為嫉妒慣常不分敬虔者與不敬虔者。故此他力圖遮蔽真理的明顯,並以為能瞞天過海,把他那「藝」——倒不如說那「惡藝」——的墨汁潑灑在真理周圍。
But he, having nothing to charge, out of the ill-timed ambition of seeming to be the only (theologian), uses (the arguments) from the school of vanity against us too, as though against the heterodox; for envy is not wont to distinguish the pious from the impious. Wherefore he tries to overshadow the manifestness of the truth and thinks to escape notice, having poured around it the 'black' (ink) of his art—or rather, of his bad art.
1:1633
Ἐντεῦθεν μηδ εἶναι ἀπόδειξιν ἐπ οὐδενός τῶν θείων ἄρτι πρῶτος τῶν ἐκ τοῦ παντός αἰῶνος θεολόγων καί ἐξεῦρε καί ἀπεφήνατο
於是他便成了從亙古以來眾神學家中頭一個既發明又宣告「對神聖之事中任何一件都沒有論證」的人。
Hence he, now the first of all the theologians from the whole age, both invented and declared that there is no demonstration concerning any of the divine things.
1:1634
Ἀλλ εἶπεν ἄν, εἰ παρῆν, ἐπισκώψας ἡμᾶς πρότερον τῆς ἀμαθίας ἕνεκεν, ὥσπερ εἴωθε, μᾶλλον δέ τῆς δυσμαθείας, ὡς ἐπεί τό θεῖον ὑπέρ ἐπιστήμην τέ ἐστι καί νοῦν καί δόξαν, αἴσθησίν τε πᾶσαν καί διάνοιαν καί ἐπαφήν καί γνῶσιν, καί τοῦτο δεικνύς ἔναγχος, κατά ποταμούς τῷ λόγῳ ρέων τούς μή οὕτω κατέκλυσα φρονοῦντας
但他若在場,必照他的慣例,先嘲笑我們的無知——倒不如說嘲笑我們的愚鈍——說:既然那神聖者超乎知識、心智與意見,並超乎一切感官、推理、觸及與知識,而他方才正論證此事,言語滔滔如江河,他就要把我們這些不如此想的人淹沒了。
But he would have said, had he been present, mocking us first for our ignorance, as is his wont—or rather for our slow-wittedness—that, since the Divine is above knowledge and mind and opinion, and above all sense-perception and discursive thought and grasp and knowledge, and demonstrating this just now, flowing in rivers of words, he would have inundated us who do not think so.
1:1635
Εὖγε˙ ἀλλ ἀνάσχου προσερωτώμενος ὑπό τῶν δυσμαθῶν ἡμῶν, καί τοῦτο γάρ οὐκ ἀπό φιλοσοφίας˙ οὗ τοίνυν ἐπιστήμη τέ ἐστι καί νόησις καί δόξα, φαντασία τε καί αἴσθησις, τούτου ἔστιν εἶναι ἀπόδειξις;
說得好;但求你容忍我們這些愚鈍之人再問一句——這也不是出於哲學:凡有知識、有領會、有意見、有想像、有感官知覺之物,這物豈有論證嗎?
Well said; but bear with being further questioned by us, the slow of wit—and this too is not from philosophy: of that of which there is knowledge and conception and opinion, imagination and sense-perception, of this is there demonstration?
1:1636
Πάνυ γε ἄν εἶπεν, ἐπεί καί τοῦτ ἔνεστι κἀν τοῖς ἐκείνου λόγοις
「斷然有的,」他必這樣說——因為這話也見於他的論述中。
'Most assuredly,' he would have said—since this too is found in his discourses.
1:1637
Ἐπειδή ταῦθ οὕτω προδιωμολόγηται, ἄκουσον, φιλόσοφε, τοῦ ὑπερανῳκισμένου τῶν σῶν κατακλυσμῶν, Διονυσίου τοῦ μεγάλου λέγω, τοῦ τῶν θείων ὀνομάτων ὑμνῳδοῦ, ὅς φησι τήν αὐτοσοφίαν ἐξυμνῶν ὡς Θεός καί διά γνώσεως (σελ
既然這些事已如此先行得了共識,哲士啊,你且聽那住在你諸般洪流之上者——我是指偉大的丟尼修,那神聖名稱的頌歌者——他頌讚那「自有智慧」(基督)時說:神既藉知識(頁……)
Since these things have thus been previously agreed upon, hear, O philosopher, him who dwells far above your floods—I mean the great Dionysius, the hymnographer of the divine names—who, hymning the Self-Wisdom (Christ), says that God is known both through knowledge (p. ...)
1:1638
) γινώσκεται καί δι ἀγνωσίας, καί ἔστιν αὐτοῦ καί νόησις καί λόγος καί ἐπιστήμη καί ἐπαφή καί αἴσθησις καί δόξα καί φαντασία καί ὄνομα καί τἄλλα πάντα
)也藉「不識」(無知)被認識;並且,領會、言理、知識、觸及、感官知覺、意見、想像、名稱以及其餘一切,都屬於祂。
) and through unknowing; and that there belong to him both conception and reason and knowledge and grasp and sense-perception and opinion and imagination and name and all the rest.
1:1639
Οὐκοῦν καί ἀπόδειξίς ἐστιν αὐτοῦ, τοῦτο μέν καί κατά τά σοί προδιωμολογημένα, ἔχει γάρ καί τά τῶν ἀποδεικτῶν ἅπαντα, τοῦτο δέ καί διά τόν ὕστερον ἐπενηνεγμένον τῷ ἁγίῳ συμπεριληπτικώτατον λόγον˙ ἔστι γάρ φησι τοῦ Θεοῦ καί τἄλλα πάντα, ἕν δέ τῶν πάντων καί ἀπόδειξις, ὥστε καί ἀπόδειξίς ἐστιν αὐτοῦ
所以也有關於祂的論證——這一面是照你先前所同意的,因為祂具備一切「可被論證者」的(標記);另一面也是因那聖者後來所加上、最為包羅萬有的話;因為他說,凡其餘的一切也都屬於神,而「萬有」之一便是「論證」——所以也有關於祂的論證。
Therefore there is also demonstration of him—this both according to what was previously agreed by you, for he has all the (marks) of demonstrables; and also on account of the most all-comprehensive statement later added by the saint; for, he says, all the other things too belong to God, and one of the 'all' is also demonstration—so that there is also demonstration of him.
1:1640
Πρός δέ τούτοις καί αἱ ἐναντίαι θέσεις τῶν ὄντων ἐπί Θεοῦ λεγόμεναι ἀλλήλαις οὐκ ἐναντιοῦνται καί αἱ ἀφαιρέσεις οὐκ ἀνατρέπουσι τάς θέσεις˙ τά γάρ ἀντικείμενα κατά μίαν καί ἑνικήν ταὐτότητος αἰτίαν ἅμα προέχει καί περιέχει, καί κατά τουτονί τοιγαροῦν τόν λόγον, εἰ μή ἔστιν ἐπί τῶν θείων ἀπόδειξις καί ἔστιν, ἐπ οὐδενός ἄρ εἶναι φάναι τῶν θείων ἀπόδειξινἤ παντός οὐκ ἀληθές, ἀλλ εἶναι μέν ἐπί τινων, οὐκ εἶναιδ ἐφ ἑτέρων
除這些事以外,諸存有的相反陳述,論到神時,彼此並不相反,而否定也不推翻肯定;因為那些相反者,藉著那同一性之單一緣由,便同時先含並含容(它們)。那麼,照這推理,神聖之事既「無」又「有」論證,那麼說「神聖之事中無一件有論證」或「一切都有論證」,都是不真的;倒是有些(有論證),有些則沒有。
In addition to these things, the opposite positions of beings, when spoken of God, are not opposed to one another, and the negations do not overturn the affirmations; for the opposites, by one and single cause of identity, at once pre-contain and contain (them). And according to this reasoning, therefore, if there both is not and is demonstration concerning divine things, then to say that there is demonstration of none of the divine things, or of all, is untrue; rather, there is (demonstration) of some, but there is not of others.
1:1641
Τί γάρ ἐφεξῆς καί θεορρήμων οὗτος λέγει προϊών;
那麼,這位傳神之言的人(丟尼修)隨其推進,接著說了什麼呢?
For what does this God-uttering man (Dionysius) say next, as he proceeds?
1:1642
Οὔτε νοεῖται τό θεῖον, οὔτε λέγεται, οὔτε ὀνομάζεται, καί οὐκ ἔστι τι τῶν ὄντων, οὐδέ ἔν τινι τῶν ὄντων γινώσκεται;
「那神聖者豈不是既不被領會、不被言說、不被命名,也不是諸存有中的任何一物,也不在任何存有中被認識嗎?」
'Is the Divine neither conceived, nor spoken, nor named, and is it not anything of beings, nor known in any of the beings?'
1:1643
Κατά τόν αὐτόν τρόπον ἔστι τε νόησις αὐτοῦ καί ἄλλα, καί οὔτε νοεῖται, οὔτε ἔν τινι τῶν ὄντων γινέσκεται
照樣,既有對祂的領會以及別的(諸事),祂卻又既不被領會,也不在任何存有中被認識。
In the same manner, there is both conception of him and other things, and yet he is neither conceived nor known in any of the beings.
1:1644
Πάντως καθ ἕτερον˙ τοῦτο οὖν ἐστιν, ἡμεῖς φαμεν, ὅτι τά μέν τῶν θείων γνωστά ἐστι καί ἀποδεικτά, τάδ ἄγνωστά τε καί ἀναπόδεικτα
這全然是在不同的方面(而言);那麼,這正是我們所說的:神聖之事中有些是可知、可論證的,另有些則既不可知、也不可論證。
Altogether (it is) in a different respect; this, then, is what we say: that some of the divine things are knowable and demonstrable, while others are both unknowable and indemonstrable.
1:1645
Σύδ ἥκιστα μεμυημένος ταῦθ ὡς ἔοικεν οὐδενός φῄς εἶναι τῶν θείων γνῶσιν οὐδέ ἀπόδειξιν, ἀλλά πίστιν μόνην, καί οὐδέ τοῦ μεγάλου Παύλου ἀκούεις, ὅς τοῖς ἀπίστοις Ἕλλησι λέγει φανερόν εἶναι τό γνωστόν τοῦ Θεοῦ καί ὅτι γνόντες τόν Θεόν, οὐχ ὡς Θεόν ἐδόξασανἤ ἐσεβάσθησαν, οὐδέ τήν τοῖς πιστοῖς καί ἔργῳ τήν πίστιν ἐπιδεικνυομένοις ἐγγινομένην ἀληθῆ Θεοῦ θεωρίαν, ἥν ἐν ( σελ
但你似乎最未受過這些事的入門之啟,竟說神聖之事中無一件有知識或論證,惟有信心;你連那偉大的保羅都不肯聽,他對那不信的希臘人說「神的事情,人所能知道的,原顯明在人心裡」,又說「他們既然知道神,卻不當作神榮耀祂,也不感謝祂」——你也(不理會)那在信徒裡興起、又以行為彰顯其信心之人所得的真實見神,這見神乃是主在(頁……)
But you, having least of all been initiated into these things, as it seems, say that there is of none of the divine things either knowledge or demonstration, but faith alone; and you do not even listen to the great Paul, who says to the unbelieving Greeks that 'what is knowable of God is manifest,' and that 'having known God, they did not glorify or worship him as God'—nor (do you heed) the true vision of God that arises in the faithful, who also show forth their faith by deed, which the Lord in the (p. ...)
1:1646
) εὐαγγελίοις μακαρίζει Κύριος, πέπονθαςἤ πεπίστευκας, ὅς τῇ πίστει μεγαλαυχῶν, καίτοι τῆς πίστεως οὖσαν τέλοςἤ βραβεῖονἤ βραβείου ἀρραβῶνα διά τῆς ἀγάπης ἐνεργούμενον˙ εἰ γάρ πίστις ἐπί τῶν θείων μόνη, οὐδ θεωρία αὕτη ἀληθής
)福音書中稱為有福的——無論你是「經歷」了它,還是(僅僅)「相信」了,你這在信心上大大誇口的人;那(真實見神)乃是信心的終局,或是獎賞,或是獎賞的憑質,藉著愛運行成就。因為對神聖之事若惟有信心,那麼這見神也就不是真的了。
) gospels calls blessed—whether you have suffered (experienced) it or have (only) believed, you who boast greatly in faith, though it (the true vision) is the end of faith, or the prize, or the pledge of the prize, wrought through love. For if there is faith alone concerning divine things, then neither is this vision true.
1:1647
Εἰδ ἀληθής, ὥσπερ οὖν ἐστιν, ἀληθές δέ κἀκεῖνο, ὅτι Θεόν οὐδείς ἑώρακε πώποτε, τοῦτ ἔστιν ὑπέρ ἔφημεν ἡμ εῖς, ὅτι τά μέν τῶν θείων θεωρητά ἐστι, τάδ οὔ
但它若是真的——確實如此——而那話也是真的,即「從來沒有人見過神」,那麼這正是我們所說的:神聖之事中有些是可觀照的,有些則不然。
But if it is true—as indeed it is—and that too is true, that 'no one has ever seen God,' this is what we said: that some of the divine things are contemplable, and others not.
1:1648
Σύ δέ οὐδέ τό θελογικόν ἐκεῖνό ποτ ἀναγνούς ἐπέγνως, εἷς Θεός, ἐπί πάντων καί διά πάντων καί ἐν πᾶσι, τό μέν ἄρτι καταλαμβανόμενος, τό δέ ζητούμενος, ποτέ δέ ὅσον ἐστί τυχόν καταληφθησόμενος˙ ἔθετο μέν γάρ σκότος ἀποκρυφήν αὐτοῦ, καθά φησιν ψαλμῳδός, ἀλλά καί ἔφαναν αἱ ἀστραπαί αὐτοῦ τῇ οἰκουμένῃ, καί οὐδείς ἀνεπιγνώμων ἐστί τοῦ Θεοῦ, εἰ καί τινες ἐθελοκακοῦντες μή εἰδέναι προσποιοῦνται
但你既從未讀過它,竟連那句神學之語都不認得:「一位神,就是眾人的父,超乎眾人之上,貫乎眾人之中,也住在眾人之內」——祂此刻被領會,彼刻被尋求,又在某時,盡其所能地,或將被領會;因為正如詩人所說,「祂以黑暗為藏身之處」,然而「祂的閃電也照亮世界」,並且無人全然不認識神,縱然有些人故意作惡,假裝不知。
But you, never having read it, did not even recognize that theological saying: 'One God, who is over all and through all and in all'—at one moment being now apprehended, at another being sought, and at some time, as far as is possible, perhaps to be apprehended; for 'he made darkness his hiding-place,' as the psalmist says, yet also 'his lightnings shone upon the world,' and no one is wholly without recognition of God, even if some, willfully doing evil, feign not to know.
1:1649
Καί γάρ ἥλιός ἐστι δικαιοσύνης πᾶσι δαψιλῶς ἐπιλάμπων πονηροῖς τε καί ἀγαθοῖς˙ ἀλλ οἱ μέν διαίροντες τά βλέφαρα, τῆς ζωαρχικῆς ἀκτῖνος ἐμφοροῦνται, οἱ δέ πονηροί μύοντες τάς ὄψεις, μηδ ἀμωσγέπως εἰδέναι προσποιοῦνται καί τῇ ἐπί πλεῖστον ἀνομιλησίᾳ τοῦ φωτός εἰς τήν κατά διάνοιαν πήρωσιν ἐκπίπτουσιν, κἀπί τῶν σωματικῶν ὄψεων συμβαίνειν πέφυκεν
因為祂是「公義的日頭」,豐豐富富地照在眾人身上,無論善惡;但那些睜開眼皮的人,便被那賜生命之源的光線充滿,而那惡人卻閉上眼睛,假裝絲毫不知,並因全然與光無交而陷入悟性的瞎眼——這事在肉身的眼睛上也慣常如此發生。
For he is a 'Sun of righteousness' shining abundantly upon all, both evil and good; but those who open their eyelids are filled with the life-originating ray, while the evil, closing their eyes, feign not to know in any way at all, and by their utter lack of communion with the light fall into blindness of the understanding—which is wont to happen also in the case of bodily eyes.
1:1650
Ἐκεῖνος μέντοι τῇ περιουσίᾳ τῆς λαμπρότητος οὔτε προσιδεῖν ὅλως συγχωρεῖ τινα, διό καί ὑπέρ ἔννοιάν ἐστι, καί ταύτῃ αὖθις τῇ περιουσίᾳ καί μέχρι τῶν ἀμυδρῶς ὁρώντων φθάνει καί τοῖς ζητοῦσιν ἐπιφαίνεται καί αὐτοῖς τοῖς τῶν λογικῶν ἐσχάτοις, ὥσπερ καί αἰσθητός ἥλιος κἀπί τάς ἀμβλείας ὄψεις ἐνεργεῖ, καίτοι διά τό ὑπερβάλλον τῆς λαμπρότητος μηδέ προσατενίζειν ὅλως συγχωρῶν τήν αἴσθησιν
然而祂(公義的日頭)因其光輝的極度充溢,全不容任何人凝視祂——因此祂也是超乎領會的——而祂又正藉這極度的充溢,甚至達到那些看得朦朧之人,並向那尋求祂的人顯現,乃至向最低等的理性存有顯現;正如那可見的太陽也在昏鈍的眼睛上發出作用,雖然因其光輝過盛,全不容那感官凝目(看它)。
He (the Sun of righteousness), however, by the superabundance of his brightness, does not allow anyone to gaze upon him at all—wherefore he is also beyond conception—and again, by this very superabundance, he reaches even to those who see but dimly, and appears to those who seek, even to the very lowest of rational beings; just as the sensible sun too works upon dull eyes, although, on account of the excess of its brightness, it does not at all allow the sense to gaze fixedly (upon it).
1:1651
Καί μήν εἰ μέν καταφατικῶς μόνον ἦν ἀποδεικνύειν, εἶχεν ἄν τινα λόγον ἴσως ἐπ οὐδενός τῶν θείων εἶναι (σελ
況且,倘若只能以肯定的方式來論證,那麼說「神聖之事中無一件有論證」(頁……)或許還有些道理;
And indeed, if it were possible to demonstrate only affirmatively, there might perhaps be some reason in (saying) that there is demonstration of none of the divine things (p. ...)
1:1652
) ἀπόδειξιν˙ ἐκεῖ δέ καί ἀποφατικῶς ἀποδεικνύειν ἔνι, τί φῄς;
)但在那裡也可以用否定的方式來論證——你怎麼說呢?
) but there it is also possible to demonstrate negatively—what say you?
1:1653
Οὐκ ἀποδείξομεν τόν πάντων κτίστην μηδέν εἶναι τῶν κτιστῶν;
我們豈不能論證「那萬有的創造者並非任何受造之物」嗎?
Shall we not demonstrate that the Creator of all is none of created things?
1:1654
Οὐκ ἀποδείξομεν τό ἀγαθόν μηδενός αἴτιον κακοῦ;
我們豈不能論證「那良善者不是任何惡的緣由」嗎?
Shall we not demonstrate that the Good is the cause of no evil?
1:1655
Πρός δέ, εἰ μέν μηδέν ἦν τῶν κτισμάτων ὑπέρ ἀπόδειξιν, καλῶς ἄν εἰπών πάντα τά θεῖα ὑπέρ ἀπόδειξιν, μέγα τι φρονεῖς ὡς ὑπέρ τούς ἄλλους μεγαλύνων τόν Θεόν˙ ἐπεί δέ πολλά καί τῶν ἐπί γῆς ὄντων καί ἡμῖν ἐφικτῶν ὑπέρ ἀπόδειξιν ὄντα φαίνεται, πῶς ἐντεῦθεν ἔκφανσις ἔσται τῆς θείας ὑπεροχῆς;
再者,若沒有一個受造之物是「超乎論證」的,那麼你說「一切神聖之事都超乎論證」便算說得好,可以自誇高舉神過於其他一切;但既然連許多地上之物、我們所能企及之物,也顯為「超乎論證」,那麼由此又怎能彰顯神聖的超越呢?
Moreover, if none of the created things were 'beyond demonstration,' you, having said well that all divine things are 'beyond demonstration,' might pride yourself as magnifying God above all others; but since many even of the things on earth and attainable by us appear to be 'beyond demonstration,' how, from this, will there be a manifestation of the divine transcendence?
1:1656
Τῆς γάρ ἀποδείξεως ἴσμεν βεβαιοτέραν φύσει τήν ἐμπειρίαν οὖσαν, ὥστε καί αὕτη ὑπέρ ἀπόδειξιν, καίτοι πᾶσα καί τέχνη καί ἐπιστήμη παρ αὐτῆς ἔχει τάς ἀρχάς˙ συνηθροισμένη μέν ἀπό τῶν ἐν γενέσει καί φθορᾷ πραγμάτων τέχνη, ἐπιστήμη δέ παρά τῶν ἀεί λεγομένων ὡσαύτως ἔχειν.Ἐπεί τοίνυν τοσαῦτα τῶν ὄντων ὑπέρ ἀπόδειξιν πῶς γό ὑπέρ ᾶν ὄν μεγαλύνεις ᾠήθης ὑπέρ τούς ἄλλους καί ὑπέρ ἀπόδειξιν ἀποφηνάμενος τοῦτο;
因為我們曉得「經驗」按本性比論證更確定,以致它也是「超乎論證」的,雖然一切技藝與科學都從它取得其原理:技藝是從那在生滅中之物搜集而來,科學則是從那被稱為恆常如此之物而來。那麼,既然有這麼多的存有都「超乎論證」,你竟以為,你藉著宣告這(關於神)的話,便把那超乎一切的存有——高舉在其他一切之上、稱為「超乎論證」嗎?
For we know experience to be by nature more certain than demonstration, so that this too is 'beyond demonstration,' although every art and science takes its principles from it: art being collected from things in generation and corruption, and science from things ever said to be the same. Since, then, so many of the beings are 'beyond demonstration,' how, do you think, did you magnify—above all others and as 'beyond demonstration'—a Being that is beyond all, in declaring this (of God)?
1:1657
Καί ἡμεῖς γάρ τήν φύσιν ὑπέρ αὐτούς οἱ ἐγκόσμιοι καί τοσοῦτον ἀποδέοντες τῶν ἀγγέλων ἐκείνων˙ οὕτω τοίνυν οὐδέ μεγαλειότητα ἄν τις δεῖξαι Θεοῦ τῷ δεῖξαι τοῦτον ὑπέρ ἀπόδειξιν
因為我們這些屬世者,按本性也(高)於它們(那些超乎論證之物),卻又如此遠不及那些天使;所以照樣,人也不能藉著顯明神是「超乎論證」的,來顯明神的威嚴。
For we too, the in-worldly, (are) by nature above them (the things beyond demonstration), and yet fall so far short of those angels; so neither, then, would anyone show the majesty of God by showing him to be 'beyond demonstration.'
1:1658
Διόπερ ἡμεῖς διά τῆς τῶν πατέρων ποδηγίας ἀπόδειξιν τοῦ ὑπέρ ἀπόδειξιν εὑρόμενοι τούτου κρείττοντα, ταύτῃ τε μή πάνθ ἁπλῶς, ἀλλ ἔστινἅ τῶν θείων θηρώμενοι καί ὑπέρ ταύτην ( σελ
故此我們藉著教父的引導,尋得了一種勝過「超乎論證」之物的論證,並藉此獵取——並非單單一切,而是神聖之事中的某些——又把其餘的高舉在這(論證)之上,便把那神聖者高舉,遠超過你的智慧按亞里斯多德所說那「超乎論證」之物許多倍。(頁……)
Wherefore we, through the guidance of the Fathers, having found a demonstration of 'that which is beyond demonstration' superior to it, and thereby hunting—not all things simply, but some of the divine things—and glorifying the rest above this (demonstration), set the Divine many times higher than that which, by your wisdom, is said, according to Aristotle, to be 'beyond demonstration.' (p. ...)
1:1659
) τἄλλο δοξάζοντες, πολλαπλασίως τοῦ κατ Ἀριστοτέλην ὑπό τῆς σῆς σοφίας λεγομένου ὑπέρ ἀπόδειξιν τό θεῖον ὑπερτιθέαμεν
……榮耀(其餘之事),我們便把那神聖者高舉,遠超過你的智慧按亞里斯多德所說那「超乎論證」之物許多倍。
...glorifying (the rest), we set the Divine many times higher than that which, by your wisdom, is according to Aristotle said to be 'beyond demonstration.'
1:1660
Ὅρᾷς ὅσῳ τῶν σῶν θεοπρεπέστερα τά ἡμέτερα;
你看見我們所說的,比你所說的更配神多少嗎?
Do you see by how much our things are more God-befitting than yours?
1:1661
Τίδ σή διαλεκτική ἥν μόνην ἐπιβάλλειν οἴει τοῖς θείοις;
再者,你那思辨術,你竟以為惟獨它能施於神聖之事,又當如何說呢?
And what of your dialectic, which alone you think to apply to divine things?
1:1662
Οὐ τήν ἐν συλλογισμοῖς μείζω πρότασιν ἀεί καθόλου ἔχει;
它在三段論中豈不總是以全稱命題為大前提嗎?
Does it not always have the major premise in syllogisms universal?
1:1663
δέ τῶν καθόλου γνῶσις οὐ δι αἰσθημάτων ἡμῖν ἐγγίνεται;
再者,那關於普遍者的知識,豈不是藉著感官知覺而生在我們裡面嗎?
And does not the knowledge of universals come to be in us through sense-perceptions?
1:1664
Πῶς οὖν ἐπί τῶν ὑπέρ αἴσθησιν εἴη ἄν διαλεκτικός συλλογισμός;
那麼,論及那些超乎感官知覺之事,又怎能有思辨式的三段論呢?
How, then, could there be a dialectical syllogism concerning things above sense-perception?
1:1665
Εἰ δέ τις ἐνδοίη δι ἐπαφῶ νοητῶν συνάγεσθαι τήν γνῶσιν, ἀλλά τά θεῖα καί ὑπέρ νοῦν ἐστι˙ πῶς οὖν τῶν ὑπέρ νοῦν εἴη ἄν διαλεκτικός συλλογισμός;
再者,縱使有人承認知識是藉理智的領會而被聚成的,然而神聖之事連在心智之上;那麼,論及那些超乎心智之事,又怎能有思辨式的三段論呢?
And if anyone should grant that knowledge is gathered through intelligible apprehensions, yet the divine things are even above the intellect; how, then, could there be a dialectical syllogism concerning things above the intellect?
1:1666
Ἀλλά τῷ διαλεκτικῷ, φησί, συλλογισμῷ ἀδιορίστως πάντα ὑπόκειται, περί πάντα καταγινομένῳ˙ τοῦτό ἐστι δι διαλεκτικούς ἡμᾶς ἀντί πιστῶν καταστῆναι ἀξιοῖ, καίτοι τοῦ τῆς ἀποδείξεως ὀνόματος φυγάς διά τοῦτ αὖθις γεγονώς
他說:「但對思辨式的三段論,一切事物都無分別地隸屬於它,因為它論及一切事物」:這就是他為何認為我們配被立為「思辨家」而非「信者」之故——雖然正為此故,他又成了逃離「論證」這名稱的逃亡者。
'But to the dialectical syllogism,' he says, 'all things indeterminately are subject, since it deals with all things': this is why he deems us worthy to be set up as 'dialecticians' instead of 'believers'—though for this reason he has again become a fugitive from the name of 'demonstration.'
1:1667
Ἀλλά ποῖα πάντα, βέλτιστε;
但是哪一種「一切事物」呢,我至好的人哪?
But what kind of 'all things,' my best of men?
1:1668
Τά ὄντα πάντως πάντα˙ τόδ ὑπέρ τό ὄν πῶς ἄν ἔχοι ὑποκείμενον;
斷然是一切「存有」,全部存有;但那「超乎存有」者——又怎能成為(思辨的)一個對象(主詞)呢?
All beings, assuredly, all of them; but that which is 'above being'—how could it be a subject?
1:1669
Πρός μέν γάρ πάσας τάς μεθόδους ὁδόν ἔχειν τοῦτόν φησιν Ἀριστοτέλης˙ μέθοδος δέ τῶν ἀκαταλήπτων πῶς, εἴπερ μέθοδος σύστημα ἐκ καταλήψεων;
因為亞里斯多德說,這(思辨術)有通往一切方法的途徑;但若方法乃是由種種領悟所構成的系統,那麼對「不可領悟者」,又怎能有方法呢?
For Aristotle says that this (dialectic) has a way toward all the methods; but how (can there be) a method of the incomprehensible, if indeed method is a system made up of comprehensions?
1:1670
Οὐ τό ὑποκείμενον δέ μόνον ἀόριστον ἔχει, ἀλλά καί τό ζητούμενον ἐφ ἑκάστου προβλήματος καί αὐτάς γε τάς προτάσεις γε κυρίως, ὡς ἄν αὐτός φαίης, διαλεκτική, δέ ἀληθής θεολόγος, ὡρισμένα ἅπαντα σχεδόν, τό μέν ζητούμενον ἀεί καί ἅπαν, προτάσεων δέ τάς πλείστας, εἰ μή πάσας, ἀμφότερα δέ ἐκ τῶν θεοπνεύστωνἤ καί θεοπαραδότων, ὑπέρ ὧν καί ἐνίσταται, διἅ καί τήν οἰκείαν ὑπόληψιν βεβαιοτάτην ἔχει καί ἀμετάπειστον
並且它(思辨術)不單在對象(主詞)上是不確定的,連在每一個問題中所尋求之事,以及在前提本身上,也是不確定的——這是指那本義上的思辨術,正如你自己所會說的;反之,那真正的神學家所有的幾乎全是確定的:所尋求之事總是全然確定,而前提則大部分(若非全部)也是確定的——並且二者都出自神所默示或神所傳授之物,他也就此持守立場,因此他持守自己的論斷至為堅定、不可移易。
And not only does it (dialectic) have the subject indeterminate, but also the thing sought in each problem, and the very premises—the dialectic, that is, properly so called, as you yourself would say; whereas the true theologian (has) almost all things determinate: the thing sought always and wholly, and most, if not all, of the premises—and both from things God-inspired or God-handed-down, concerning which he also takes his stand, on account of which he holds his own supposition most firm and unalterable.
1:1671
Ἔτι, εἰ διά μέν τοῦ διαλεκτικοῦ συλλογισμοῦ καί τήν τῶν θείων γνῶσιν θηρώμεθα, διά δέ τοῦ ἀποδεικτικοῦ μόνην, ὡς σύ λέγεις, τήν τοῦ κόσμου, κρείττων ἄν εἴη ( σελ
再者,若藉思辨式的三段論我們竟能獵取神聖之事的知識,而藉論證式的卻只能(獵取)世界的知識(如你所說),那麼思辨式的便優於論證式的了(頁……)
Again, if through the dialectical syllogism we hunt even the knowledge of divine things, but through the demonstrative only (the knowledge) of the world, as you say, then the dialectical would be superior to the demonstrative (p. ...)
1:1672
) διαλεκτικός τοῦ ἀποδεικτικοῦ˙ τοῦτοδ σός Ἀριστοτέλης οὐκ ἄν ποτε συγχωρήσειεν˙ οὗ γάρ τό ὑποκείμενον κρεῖττον καί αὐτό κρεῖττον˙ εἰ δέ καί προσθήκην τοῦτ ἔχει, καί ταῦθ οὕτω μέγα καί ὑπέρ τό μέγα, καί προσθήκη τῆς βελτιώσεως ὅσον
)——但這是你的亞里斯多德決不肯承認的;因為凡其對象(主詞)較優者,其本身也較優。而這(神聖的對象)若又有那「優越」的附加,且是如此之大、超乎那大者,那麼那「更佳」的附加,也(與對象本身)一樣之大。
) —but this your Aristotle would never concede; for that whose subject is superior is itself also superior. And if this (the divine subject) also has the addition (of being superior), and that so great and beyond the great, then the addition of betterment (is) as great (as the subject itself).
1:1673
Οὐχ ὡς ἐν κεφαλαίῳ τέτταρα τά πάντα, γένος, ὅρον, εἶδος καί τό συμβεβηκός;
總而言之,豈不是有四樣(可述謂者):屬、定義、種,與偶性嗎?
Are there not, in sum, four things (the predicables): genus, definition, species, and accident?
1:1674
Τό μέν οὖν συμβεβηκός οὐδ αὐτός ἐπί τῶν θείων δέχῃ˙ ὅρος δέ πᾶν ἄν εἴη, οὗ μηδέ τό τί ἐστι ζητεῖται;
那麼,偶性連你自己在神聖之事上也不承認;而定義所論的,乃是凡連其「是什麼」都不被探求之物(?)。
Now the accident not even you admit in the case of divine things; and definition would be of anything whose 'what it is' is not even sought (?).
1:1675
Γένος δέ ποῖον οὗ μή εἶδος, καί μάλισθ ὅτι ὄντως ὤν καί μόνος οὐδεμιᾶς οὐσιώδους διαφορᾶς δεῖται πρός τό εἶναι;
再者,沒有「種」的「屬」,又是哪一種「屬」呢?——尤其既然祂乃是真實存在的、惟一的,並不需要任何本質上的差異才能存在。
And what kind of 'genus' is that of which there is no species—and especially since He, being truly existent and alone, needs no essential difference in order to be?
1:1676
Τῆςγ αρ πληθύος διαστολῆς δεομένων ταῦθ ἅπαντά ἐστιν, ἀλλ ὡς οὐδέν τούτων ὑπάρχον δείξει τό θεῖον˙ ἀλλ οὐχ ὡς ὑπέρ ὄν, ἀλλ ὡς μηδαμῇ μηδαμῶς ὄν˙ τῆς γάρ τετρακτύος ταύτης ὑπεραῖρον οὔτ οἶδεν οὔτε παραδίδωσιν˙ εἰδ ὅλως συγχωρήσει τις, τῇ ἀποδείξει τοῦτο δώσει, δι αὐτῆς γάρ λέγεται μόνης ὑπόληψις ἀμετάπειστος ἐγγίνεσθαι, ἥν ἡμεῖς ἔχομεν ἐπί τῶν θείων
因為這一切都屬於那些需要多樣性區分之物;但那(論證)卻要顯明那神聖者非這些之中的任何一個——然而並非作為「超乎存有」,乃是作為「絕無任何意義上之存有」;因為它(亞里斯多德的思辨術)既不認識、也不傳授任何超越這「四元」(可述謂者)之物。而若有人竟肯承認它(在神聖之事上有用),他便要把它歸給「論證」;因為據說惟獨藉著論證,那不可移易的論斷才得以生成——正是我們對神聖之事所持的那(論斷)。
For all these things belong to those needing a distinction of multiplicity; but (the demonstration) will show the Divine as being none of these—yet not as 'above being,' but as in no way whatsoever being; for it (Aristotelian dialectic) neither knows nor hands down anything transcending this 'tetrad' (the predicables). And if anyone should grant it at all, he will grant it to demonstration; for through it alone, it is said, an unalterable supposition comes to be—the very (supposition) which we have concerning divine things.
1:1677
Ἀλλ ἠνάγκασμαί φησι τοῖς ἀντιλογικωτάτοις Λατίνοις ἀντιλέγων
他說:「但我是被迫的,是在反駁那些最好爭辯的拉丁人。」
'But I was compelled,' he says, 'in contradicting the most contentious Latins.'
1:1678
Ὅτι μέν οὖν οὐδεμία τις ἐπῆν ἀνάγκη, παντάπασι δέ μάτην τό μηδαμῶς ἐπ οὐδενός τῶν θείων εἶναι δύνασθαι ἀπόδειξιν ἐκεῖ κεῖται, πρότερον ἐδείξαμεν˙ εἰδ ἄρα καί ἀνάγκη τις ἐπῆν, σιωπᾶν μᾶλλον ἔδει καί ζητεῖν καί παρ αὐτῶν τῶν ἐν ἡμῖν ἰδιωτῶν, εἰ καί μή τήν γνῶσιν, ἀλλά μή κακοῖς ἀπερισκέπτως ἰᾶσθαι τά κακά, καί κινεῖν μέν ἀπό τοῦ καμπύλου, ἀλλ ἐπί τό κεκλασμένον αὖθις ἄγειν, καί διορθοῦν τοῖς ἐνδιαστρόφοις τά ἐνδιάστροφα, νῦν μέν δύο λέγοντα ἀρχάς, νῦν δέ τήν ἐπί Θεοῦ ἐνδεχομένην ἀναιροῦντα γνῶσιν, νῦν δέ, ἀλλά μηδέν γε περαιτέρω
那麼,根本沒有任何必然,並且那「對神聖之事中任何一件絕不能有論證」的(斷言)全然徒然地擺在那裡,我們先前已顯明過;但縱使有某種必然臨到他,他倒理當寧可緘默,並甚至向我們中間未受學問的人請教——縱然不(請教)知識,至少(請教這):不要鹵莽地以惡治惡,不要從彎曲出發卻又領回到折斷,也不要以歪曲去矯正歪曲之事,一時說「兩個本原」,一時又廢掉那關於神之可能的知識,一時又——但就讓它到此為止罷。
That there was, then, no necessity at all, and that the (assertion) 'there can in no way be demonstration concerning any of the divine things' lies there utterly in vain, we have shown before; but even if some necessity were upon him, he ought rather to have kept silent and to have inquired even from the unlearned among us—if not the knowledge, yet at least (this): not to heal evils rashly with evils, nor to set out from the crooked but lead back again to the broken, and to straighten distorted things with distortions, now saying 'two principles,' now doing away with the knowledge of God that is possible, now—but let it go no further than this.
1:1679
ὑποκρίσει τῶν ἑτεροφρόνων, χωρεῖς κατά τῶν ὁμοφρόνων καί τάς πατρικάς φωνάς παρ ἡμῶν προτεινομένας, οὐκ οἶδ ὅπως, ἀναιρεῖν ἐπιχειρεῖς καί πολλοῖς ἄν δοίης δεδιέναι μή καί τά πρός Λατίνους ὑποκρινόμενος ἡμᾶς προτείνεις
……你藉著(反駁)異端的偽裝,竟向那些與你同心之人進攻,並把我們所陳明的教父之聲——我不知如何——你竟著手去廢掉,且你必使許多人懼怕,恐怕你是假裝(論辯)拉丁人,實則把那些話陳列出來對付我們。
...under the pretense (of opposing) the heterodox, you advance against those of the same mind, and the patristic voices set forth by us you undertake—I know not how—to do away with, and you would cause many to fear lest, feigning (to argue) against the Latins, you set them forth against us.
1:1680
Ἀλλ ἀναλαβόντες σαφέστερον προεκθώμεθα, τί λεγόντων ἡμῶν τόν φιλόσοφον πράως ἐνεγκεῖν τῶν ἀπεικότων ἦν
但讓我們重新接續,更清楚地陳明:當我們說了某話時,那哲士如此不耐地承受,乃是不應當的。
But let us, resuming, set forth more clearly what, when we said it, it was unfitting for the philosopher to bear so impatiently.
1:1681
Τῶν θείων τά μέν γινώσκεται, τά δέ ζητεῖται, ἔστιδἅ καί ἀποδείκνυται, ἕτερα δέ ἐστιν ἀνεξερεύνητα πάντῃ καί ἀνεξιχνίαστα, μηδαμῶς ἐμφαινομένου τινός ἴχνους τῶν ἐπί τό κρύφιον ἐκεῖνο διαβεβηκότων
神聖之事中,有些是被認識的,有些是被尋求的;也有些是被論證的;另有些則全然不可探究、無從追蹤,那些已過入那隱密之境者,絲毫不顯出任何蹤跡。
Of the divine things, some are known, some are sought; there are also (some) that are demonstrated; while others are wholly unsearchable and untraceable, no trace at all being manifest of those things that have passed over into that hidden realm.
1:1682
Ταῦτα βαρέως ἤνεγκεν φιλόσοφος, καί συναγαγών ἑαυτόν ὡς οἷόν τε καθ ἡμῶν χρῆται τῇ δυνάμει τῶν λόγων, οὐδέν γνωστόν οὐδέ ἀποδεικτόν τῶν θείων ἀποφαινόμενος˙ ἀλλ ὡς μέν καί τοῖς πατρᾶσιν συνδοκεῖ τά παρ ἡμῶν εἰρημένα καί τά προειρημένα ἱκανά δηλῶσαι, τό δέ καί τῶν ἐκείνων θεολογιῶν ἔστιν ἅς ἐπίγραμμα φέρειν τήν ἀπόδειξιν, τοῦτ οὐκ οἶμαί τινα τῶν ταύτας στεργόντων ἀγνοεῖν, ὥσθ λέγων μή εἶναι ἀπόδειξιν ἐπ οὐδενός τῶν θείων τοῖς πατρᾶσι μᾶλλονἤ ἡμῖν ἀντιλέγειν ἐγχειρεῖν
這些話那哲士難以承受,便盡力收斂自己,用他論述之力來攻擊我們,宣告神聖之事中無一是可知或可論證的;但我們所說的話也為教父所喜悅,這一點,前面所說的已足以顯明;而那些教父的神學論著中,有些正以「論證」為標題,這一點,我想凡珍愛它們的人沒有不知道的——如此,那說「神聖之事中無一件有論證」的人,所著手反駁的,與其說是我們,不如說是教父。
These things the philosopher bore heavily, and gathering himself together as best he could, he uses against us the force of his arguments, declaring nothing of the divine things to be knowable or demonstrable; but that what was said by us also seems good to the Fathers, the things already said are sufficient to show; and that some of those very theologies (of the Fathers) bear 'demonstration' as a heading, this I do not think any of those who cherish them is ignorant of—so that he who says there is no demonstration concerning any of the divine things undertakes to contradict the Fathers rather than us.
1:1683
Μεταξύ γάρ τό τῆς ἀποδείξεως τοῦτο κείμενον ἔνι δηλοῦν ἑτέραν δεῖξιν˙ ἐπιγεγραμμένον δέ πῶς ἄν εἴη, εἰ μή κυρίως ἀπόδειξις εἴη τό ὑπογεγραμμένον;
因為「論證」這詞,置於其間,可以指另一種證明;但它若不是被題作標題,又怎能(如此使用)呢?除非那題在其下之物乃是本義上的論證。
For this word 'demonstration,' lying in between, can signify another sort of proof; but how could it be (used as) a heading, unless what is subscribed (under it) were demonstration in the proper sense?
1:1684
Εἰ δέ καί τήν τελείαν καί βεβαίαν δεῖξιν ἀπόδειξις δηλοῖ, μεθ ἥν οὐκ ἔστιν ἀληθείας εὕρεσις τελεωτέρα, καθάπερ ἐπί τῶν δικαστηρίων ἀπόφασις, τί τελεώτερον καί βεβαιότερον τῶν πατρικῶν ἀποδείξεων ἡμῖν, ὥστε τοῦθ ἡμῖν κυρίως ἀπόδειξις, διό καί ἱερός καί θεῖος φερώνυμος Ἱερόθεος ὑπέρ τούς πολλούς μαρτυρεῖται τῶν ἱερῶν (σελ
並且,「論證」若指那完全而確實的證明,在它之後再無更完全的真理之發現——正如在法庭上的「判決」——那麼,還有什麼比教父的論證對我們更完全、更確實的呢?如此,這對我們就是本義上的論證;故此,那神聖而屬神、名實相符的希厄羅修,也被見證為超乎眾多神聖(頁……)
And if 'demonstration' signifies the perfect and certain proof, after which there is no more perfect discovery of truth—just as, in courts of law, the verdict—what is more perfect and more certain to us than the patristic demonstrations? So that this is for us demonstration in the proper sense; wherefore also the sacred and divine, fittingly-named Hierotheus is attested above the many of the sacred (p. ...)
1:1685
) διδασκάλων οὐ καθαρότητι νοῦ μόνον καί ταῖς ἄλλαις ἱερολογίαις, ἀλλά καί τῇ τῶν ἀποδείξεων ἀκριβείᾳ˙ καί αὐτός δέ τά τοιαῦτα τούτῳ μαρτυρῶν καί τό συνεπτυγμένον καί ὑψηλόν τῆς ἐκείνου θεολογίας ὑψηλῶς ἀναπτύξας διττήν σαφῶς εἶναι διδάσκει τήν θεολογίαν˙ τήν μέν μυστικήν, τελεστικήν, ἀπόρρητον, ἄρρητον, δρᾷ καί ἐνιδρύει τῷ Θεῷ ταῖς ἀδιδάκτοις μυσταγωγίαις, τήν δέ ἐμφανῆ καί φιλόσοφον καί ἀποδεικτικήν, πείθει καί καταδεῖται τῶν λεγομένων τήν ἀλήθειαν
)的眾教師,不單在心思的純潔與其餘神聖的言論上,也在其論證的精確上。而那位為他作這些見證、並高超地展開了那人神學中那凝聚而高超之質的人,明明教導說,神學是雙重的:一種是奧祕的、成全的、不可言說的、無法述說的,藉著那不需教導的奧祕引導,行作並把(人)建立在神裡面;另一種是顯明的、富哲理的、論證性的,它說服並牢固地確立所言之真理。
) teachers, not only in purity of mind and the other sacred utterances, but also in the precision of his demonstrations. And he who attests these things of him, and who loftily unfolded the concentrated and lofty quality of that man's theology, plainly teaches that theology is twofold: the one mystical, perfective, ineffable, unspeakable, which acts and establishes (one) in God by the untaught mystagogies; the other manifest and philosophical and demonstrative, which persuades and binds fast the truth of what is said.
1:1686
Πῶς οὖν οὐ διαλετικήν ταύτην, ἀλλ ἀποδεικτικήν ὠνόμασεν, φιλόσοφε, καίτοι μή πρός τούς πιστούς ἁπλῶς οὖσαν, οὐδέ γάρ πειθοῦς οὗτοι δέονται;
那麼,哲士啊,他為何不把這稱為「思辨的」,反稱為「論證的」呢——雖然它並非單單(針對)信者,因為這些人無需被說服?
How, then, did he name this not 'dialectical' but 'demonstrative,' O philosopher—although it is not (directed) simply toward believers, for these have no need of persuasion?
1:1687
Οὐ μήν ἀλλ εἰ καί μή σαφῶς οὕτω παρ αὐτῶν ἐγγεγραμμένον τε καί ἐπιγεγραμμένον ἦν, τά γοῦν τῆς ἀντιρρήσεως καί οὕτω πρός ἐκείνους ἀναφέρεται σαφῶς
然而,縱使它沒有被他們如此明白地寫下並題作(標題),至少那駁斥之事如此也明明歸於那些(教父)。
Nevertheless, even if it were not so plainly written down and inscribed (as a heading) by them, at any rate the matters of the refutation are even thus plainly referred to those (Fathers).
1:1688
Ὡς γάρ εἴ τις τῷ ταὐτόν καί ἕτερον καί μέγα καί μικρόν εἰπόντων τόν Θεόν κἀπί τῶν παραπλησίων εὐσεβῶν ἐκ τῶν ἐναντίων συντιθέντι τάς θεωνυμίας ἀντιλέγειν ἐγχειροίη, λέγων ἐν πᾶσι πάντα διά τήν σωτηρίαν ἑκάστου γινόμενος, καί τοῖς πρός αὐτόν ἐπιστρέφουσι πολυτρόπως τε καί καταλλήλως ἐπιδιδούς ἑαυτόν καί πολυειδῶς ἐν χερσί τῶν προφητῶν ὁμοιούμενος, πῶς αὐτός ἄν εἴη, καί αὖθις ἀπήλικος, ἐν πᾶσι χωρῶν, παντός ἐκβεβηκώς ὄγκου πῶς μέγαςὥσπερ οὖν ταῦτα λέγων οὐχ ἁπλῶς ἐρίζει πρός τόν ταὐτόνἤ μέγαν τόν Θεόν εἰπόντα ἀλλά τήν ἱεράν ἀνίστησι Γραφήν αὐτήν καθ ἑαυτῆς ( καί τό ἕτερον γάρ ἐπί Θεοῦ καί τό μικρόν παρ αὐτῆς λεγόμενον πάλιν τόν αὐτόν ἀνατραπήσεται τρόπον˙ τό γάρ πάντα ὑπερβάλλον καί πάντων ὑπερεκτεινόμενον τῷ λέγοντι ὡς τά μέν τῶν θείων ἀποδεικτά ἐστι, τάδ οὔ, καί λέγων ὡς οὐδέν ἀποδεικτόν ( σελ
因為正如,若有人著手反駁那些敬虔地稱神為「同一」、「他者」、「大」、「小」,並照樣用相反者組成神聖名稱的人——說:「那位在凡事上為各人的拯救而成為萬人萬事的,又以多種方式、相稱地把自己賜給歸向祂之人,並在眾先知手中以多樣形像被擬比的,怎能是『同一』呢?又那位無年歲的、貫乎萬有之中、超越一切體積的,怎(會是)『大』呢?」——正如,那麼,說這些話的人,並非單單與那稱神為「同一」或「大」的人爭辯,乃是把聖經本身與它自己相對立(因為「他者」與「小」這些經上論到神的話,也照樣會被推翻);照樣,那說「神聖之事中有些可論證、有些不可」的人,也與那說「無一物(頁……)
For just as, if someone should undertake to contradict those who pioiusly call God 'the same' and 'other' and 'great' and 'small,' and in like manner compose the divine names from opposites—saying, 'He who in all becomes all things for the salvation of each, and gives himself in many ways and correspondingly to those who turn to him, and is likened in manifold forms in the hands of the prophets, how could he be the same? and again, the ageless one, he who contains all things in all, who has gone beyond all bulk, how (is he) great?'—just as, then, he who says these things does not simply contend against the one who called God 'the same' or 'great,' but sets the sacred Scripture itself against itself (for 'other' too, and 'small,' said of God by it, will again be overturned in the same way); for the very (Scripture) that surpasses all and is stretched beyond all (?). So too with the one who says that some of the divine things are demonstrable and others not—and (against) the one saying that nothing (p. ...)
1:1689
) τῶν θείων, ἐπαφή γάρ αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἔστιν οὔτε ἐπιστήμη, τῇ θείᾳ Γραφῇ καθ ἑαυτῆς χρῆται, τά ἐν αὐτῇ κατ ἀλλήλων ἐκπεπολεμωμένα δι ἀλλήλων δείξας˙ εἰ γάρ ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπαφή Θεοῦ καί ἐπιστήμη, οὐδέ ἀπόδειξις, καί ὅτι ἔστι ταῦτα, καί ἀπόδειξις ἔσται
)神聖之事是可論證的」之人——「因為對祂既無觸及,也無知識」——這人乃是把神聖的經文用來對付它自己,因他顯明了經中那些彼此交戰之事(其實可)藉彼此(得以調和);因為,若因「對神既無觸及與知識」便也無論證,那麼,因為這些事也(屬於)神,便也將有論證。
) of the divine things is demonstrable—'for there is no grasp of him, nor knowledge'—he uses the divine Scripture against itself, having shown the things in it that are set at war with one another (to be reconciled) through one another; for if, because there is no grasp and knowledge of God, there is also no demonstration, then, because these things also are (of God), there will be demonstration too.
1:1690
Ὅρτι καί ἔστι καί οὐκ ἔστι, καθ ἕτερον ἕτερον τρόπον˙ τοῦτο δέ ἐστιν ἡμεῖς εἰρήκαμεν, ὅτι τά μέν τῶν θείων γινώσκεταί τε καί ἀποδείκνυται, τάδ ἀπερινόητά ἐστι καί ἀνεξιχνίαστα˙ πλημμελές ἄρα τό λέγειν ὡς οὐκ ἔστιν ἀπόδειξις ἐπ οὐδενός τῶν θείων˙ ἔστι γάρ ἐφ ὧν, καί ἔστιν ὥς
如此,它既「是」又「不是」(可論證的),各在不同的方面;這正是我們所說的:神聖之事中有些既被認識又被論證,另有些則是不可思議、無從追蹤的。所以說「神聖之事中無一件有論證」乃是有謬誤的;因為其中有些是有(論證)的,並且是以某種方式(有論證)。
So that it both is and is not (demonstrable), in different respects each; and this is what we have said: that some of the divine things are both known and demonstrated, while others are inconceivable and untraceable. It is therefore faulty to say that there is no demonstration concerning any of the divine things; for there is (demonstration) of some, and there is in a certain way.
1:1691
Ὡς γάρ ἐνανθρώπησις τοῦ Κυρίου ὑπέρ φύσιν τέ ἐστι καί κατά φύσιν, καί λεγομένη ἄρρητος μένει καί νοουμένη ἄγνωστος, ἐπεί τά μέν ὑπέρ φύσιν, ὡς τῆς παρθένου κύησις, τά δέ κατά φύσιν, ὡς τῆς νηδύος ὄγκος μετά σύλληψιν, οὕτω καί τό θεῖον ἀποδεικτόν τέ ἐστι καί οὐκ ἀποδεικτόν˙ ἀμερίστως μέντοι μεριζόμενον τῇ διαφορᾷ τῶν τρόπων, ἐπεί καί διά γνώσεως γινώσκεται καί δι ἀγνωσίας˙ ὅτι μέν γάρ ἔστι καί ὅτι ἕν ἐστι καί γινώσκεται καί ἀποδείκνυται, τί δέ ἐστι καί τί γε ἕν ἀπερινόητον ἐστι παντάπασιν
因為正如主的成為人,既超乎本性,又合乎本性,被言說時仍不可言喻,被領會時仍不可知曉——因為有些是超乎本性的,如童女的懷孕,有些則合乎本性,如受孕後腹中的隆起——照樣,那神聖者既可論證,又不可論證;然而是按方式之別而被「不可分地分開」,因為祂既藉知識、也藉「不識」被認識;因為「祂存在」並「祂是一」,既被認識又被論證,但「祂是什麼」、「是怎樣的『一』」,則全然不可思議。
For just as the Lord's becoming man is both above nature and according to nature, and being spoken of remains ineffable and being conceived remains unknown—since some things are above nature, as the Virgin's conceiving, and some according to nature, as the swelling of the womb after conception—so too the Divine is both demonstrable and not demonstrable; yet indivisibly divided by the difference of the modes, since it is known both through knowledge and through unknowing; for that he is, and that he is one, is both known and demonstrated, but what he is, and what kind of 'one,' is wholly inconceivable.
1:1692
Ἀλλ φιλόσοφος ἀκούων Διονυσίου τοῦ μεγάλου λέγοντος ὡς θεότης καί μονάς καί Τριάς ὑμνουμένη οὐκ ἔστι οὐδέ μονάς οὐδέ τριάς ὑπό τινος τῶν ὄντων διεγνωσμένην οὕτω πως ὡς ἔοικεν ἐνόησεν ὡς ὑπ οὐδενός ὅτι ἔστι μονάς ἐγνώσθη˙ δέ μέγας ἐκεῖνος οὐ τοῦτό φησιν, ἀλλ ὅτι μέν ἔστι μονάς γνώσκεταί τε καί ὑμνεῖται, ἀλλ οὐ τῶν συνεγνωσμένων ἐν τοῖς οὖσιν ἐναρίθμων μονάδων, αἵ γε οὐδέ μονάδες ἄν κυρίως εἶεν, εἴ γε μονάς οὐκ ἀριθμός, ὥστε διά τοῦτο ἐκεῖνο μᾶλλον ἔγνωσται μονάς καί μόνον, (σελ
但那哲士,聽見偉大的丟尼修說「那被頌讚為『單一』與『三一』的神格,按諸存有中任何一者所認識的而言,既非『單一』也非『三一』」,他似乎是這樣領會的:彷彿無人曾認識到它「是」一個單一;但那偉大之人並非這樣說,乃是說它「被認識並被頌讚為是一個單一」,只是並非那些在諸存有中被一同認識、被計數的「單一」(這些連嚴格說都算不得『單一』,既然『單一』並非數目)——故此,正因如此,它倒更被認識為是一個單一,且是惟一的單一(頁……)
But the philosopher, hearing the great Dionysius say that 'the Deity, hymned as both Monad and Triad, is neither Monad nor Triad as known by any of beings,' conceived it, as it seems, somehow thus: as though it had been known by no one that it is a Monad; but that great man does not say this, but that it is known and hymned as being a Monad, yet not of those Monads numbered and co-known among beings, which would not even properly be Monads, if indeed the Monad is not number—so that for this reason it is rather known to be a Monad, and Monad alone (p. ...)
1:1693
) ,τι μή δι ἀριθμοῦ τε καί ἐν ἀριθμοῖς γνωρίζεται˙ γάρ κυρίως οὐκ ἀριθμός˙ μονάς οὖν θεότης, ἀλλ οὐ τῶν ἐν τοῖς οὖσι διεγνωσμένη, καθάπερ καί Γρηγόριος θεολόγος εἰπών τήν τοῦ Θεοῦ φύσιν ἄληπτόν τε καί ἀπερίληπτον εὐθύς ἐπάγει, τῆς τοῦ ρητοῦ διανοίας ἑρμηνεύς γινόμενος˙ λέγω δέ οὐχ ὅτι ἐστίν, ἀλλ ἥτις ἐστίν
)因為它不是藉數目、也不是在諸數目之中被認識的;因為那本義上的(單一)並非數目。那麼,神格乃是一個單一,卻非那些在諸存有中被一同認識的之一;正如神學家貴格利,在說了神的本性是「不可領悟、不可界限」之後,便立刻加上一句,作那話之意義的解釋者:「我所說的,不是指『祂存在』,乃是指『祂是什麼』(不可知)。」
) in that it is not made known through number nor among numbers; for that which is properly (a Monad) is not number. The Deity, then, is a Monad, but not one of those co-known among beings; just as Gregory the Theologian also, having said that the nature of God is 'incomprehensible and uncircumscribable,' at once adds, becoming the interpreter of the meaning of the saying: 'I say, not that he is, but what he is.'
1:1694
δέ φιλόσοφος οὗτος ἄληπτον ἐπίσης καί ἀναπόδεικτον τίθεται καί τό τί ἐστι καί τό ὅτι ἐστί, καί σεμνή πρόφασις αὐτῷ τό δι τἀποδείξεως δεικνύειν ὅτι πάντα τά θεῖα ὑπέρ ἀπόδειξιν
但這哲士卻把「祂是什麼」與「祂存在」二者都同樣定為不可領悟、不可論證的,而他那莊嚴的藉口,乃是要藉著論證去論證:一切神聖之事都「超乎論證」。
But this philosopher posits 'both the what it is and the that it is' as equally incomprehensible and indemonstrable, and his solemn pretext is to demonstrate, through demonstration, that all divine things are 'beyond demonstration.'
1:1695
Οὐ σύ γε αὐτός εἶ λέγων ἐπ οὐδενός εἶναι τῶν θείων ἀπόδειξιν;
你豈不正是那說「神聖之事中無一件有論證」的人嗎?
Are you not yourself the one who says that there is demonstration of none of the divine things?
1:1696
Εἰ τοίνυν ἀποδέδεικταί σοι τό ὑπέρ ἀπόδειξιν, οὐ θεῖον˙ εἰ δέ πρέπον ἐστί τῷ Θεῷ τό πρόσρημα, ἀπόδειξιν οὐκ ἐπιδέξαιτἄν˙ σύδ οὐκ οἶδ ὅπως ἄλλοτε ἄλλα λέγεις καί τἀντανία πρός ἄλληλα, οὐ μόνον ἐπί τοῦ ἀποδεδειγμένου θείου, ὡς αὐτός λέγεις, ὑπέρ ἀπόδειξιν, ἀλλά καί ὁπηνίκα τῆς ἐγγινομένης ἀπό τῶν κτισμάτων ἐπί τόν δημιουργόν ἀνόδου μέμνησαι
那麼,「那超乎論證之物」若已被你論證了,它就不是神聖的;但這稱呼若與神相稱,它便不容論證。但你——我不知如何——一時說這、一時說那,且彼此相反,不單論到那你所謂「已被論證、超乎論證的神聖者」如此,連你提及那從受造之物上達到造物主的攀升時,也是如此。
If, then, 'that which is beyond demonstration' has been demonstrated by you, it is not divine; but if the appellation befits God, it would not admit demonstration. But you—I know not how—say now one thing, now another, and things contrary to one another, not only concerning the 'demonstrated Divine,' as you say, that is 'beyond demonstration,' but also when you make mention of the ascent that comes from the creatures to the Creator.
1:1697
Τίς γάρ, οὐδέ ἀπό τῶν δημιουργημάτων ἔσται ἀπόδειξις ὅτι ἐστί δημιουργός;
因為有誰(會否認):甚至從那些被造之物,也將有「有一位造物主」的論證呢?
For who (would deny that), even from the things made, there will be a demonstration that there is a Creator?
1:1698
Οὐδέ γνωστά ἐστί τινα τῶν ἀοράτων ἀπό τῶν ὁρωμένων;
那些不可見之事,豈不有些是從所看見之物可以知道的嗎?
Are not some of the invisible things knowable from the things that are seen?
1:1699
Οὐδέ τόν θεῖον Παῦλον δέξῃ μαρτυροῦντα ὅτι τά ἀόρατα τοῦ Θεοῦ ἀπό κτίσεως κόσμου τοῖς ποιήμασι νοούμενα καθορᾶται, ἀλλ ὑπέρ πᾶσαν ἐπαφήν καί γνῶσιν πάντ ἐρεῖς τά θεῖα;
你連那神聖的保羅都不接受嗎?他見證說「自從造天地以來,神那看不見的事……藉著所造之物,就可以曉得,叫人無可推諉」——可你卻要把一切神聖之事都稱為「超乎一切觸及與知識」嗎?
Will you not accept even the divine Paul, who testifies that 'the invisible things of God, since the creation of the world, are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made'—but will you call all the divine things 'beyond all grasp and knowledge'?
1:1700
Ναί φησιν, ἀλλ ἐμοί περί ὧν ἑκάστου συντίθεμεν συλλογισμῶν κατά τόν ἔξω λόγον λόγος˙ τά τοιαῦταδ ἕκαστος καθ ἑαυτόν διανοεῖται
他說:「是的;但我的論述是關於我們各人按那『外發之言』就每一事所構成的三段論;這等事,各人乃是在自己裡面(藉那『內在之言』)思想的。」
'Yes,' he says, 'but my discourse is about the syllogisms which we each compose concerning each thing according to the uttered word (logos prophorikos); such things each man reasons within himself (by the inner word).'
1:1701
Τί οὖν, ἅπερ ἕκαστος καθ ἑαυτόν διανοεῖται, ταῦτ οὐχί καί προφέρειν ἔχει διά γλώττηςἤ χειρός διά τοῦ ἔξω λόγου ποιούμενος τήν ὁμιλίανἤ συγγράμματα συντάττων, ὥσπερ κἀπί τῶν ἀμέσων καί καθόλου γίνεται προτάσεων;
那又如何呢?各人在自己裡面所思想的事——他豈不能也藉舌頭或手把它們發表出來,憑那「外發之言」交談或寫作,正如在那直接而普遍的前提上所發生的一樣嗎?
What then? The things which each man thinks within himself—can he not also bring them forth through tongue or hand, making conversation or composing writings by means of the uttered word, just as happens also in the case of immediate and universal premises?
1:1702
) γνῶσις δι ἐπαγωγῆς διανοητικῶς ἐπισυναγομένη τῇ ψυχῇ πέφυκεν ἐγγίνεσθαι, ἀλλά καί πρός τόν ἔξω λόγον φέρεται δι ἐπαγωγῆς γνωριζομένη πάλιν
(頁……)那藉歸納、以推理方式被聚合起來的知識,慣常生在靈魂裡,然而它也被帶到那「外發之言」,又藉歸納被傳達出來。
(p. ...) knowledge, gathered together discursively by induction, is wont to come to be in the soul, yet it is also borne to the uttered word, being made known again by induction.
1:1703
Σύδ ὅμως καί τοῦτ ἄν ἡμῖν ἐκφήναις, κτά πᾶσαν ἐξουσίαν ,τι ἄν ἐθέλοις λέγων, καί μάρτυρα ἡμῖν σοι παρέξεις θαυμαστόν λέγοντα˙ Θεόν νοῆσαι μέν χαλεπόν, φράσαι δέ ἀδύνατον
然而,連這事你或也能向我們揭示——你這隨心所欲、想說什麼就說什麼的人——並且你還會給我們提供一位奇妙的見證者來助你,他說:「領會神是難的,而表達神是不可能的。」
You, however, might reveal even this to us—you who, with all license, say whatever you wish—and you will furnish us a wondrous witness on your behalf, saying: 'To conceive God is difficult, but to express him is impossible.'
1:1704
Ἀλλ εἰ τοῦθ οὕτω σοι δοκεῖ, τί τε ἐκεῖνο ὅπερ οὐκ οἶδἤ τοι περί σαυτοῦἤ κατά σαυτοῦ προοιμιαζόμενος πρός τούς Λατίνου γράφεις, ὅτι πλείω λέγειςἤ νοεῖς;
但這事若在你看來如此,那麼那句話——我不知是論你自己,還是反對你自己——你在序言中向拉丁人所寫的「你所說的多過你所領會的」,又當如何說呢?
But if this seems so to you, what then of that which—I know not whether about yourself or against yourself—you write by way of preface to the Latins: that 'you say more than you conceive'?
1:1705
πάντα γάρ ὁρῶ μιᾶς καί τῆς αὐτῆς βουλήσεως καί σοφίας καί δυνάμεως δεόμενα γενέσθαι ἐκ μή ὄντων˙ μία δέ βούλησις ἅμα καί σοφία καί δύναμις μιᾶς φύσεώς ἐστιν˙ εἷς ἄρα τῇ φύσει δημιουργός Θεός ἡμῶν
「因為我看見萬物都需要同一個意志、同一個智慧、同一個能力,才能從無有中被造出來;但那同時是意志、智慧與能力的『一』,乃是屬於一個本性的;所以我們的造物之神,按本性乃是一位。」
'For I see all things needing one and the same will and wisdom and power to come to be out of nothing; but one will and at the same time wisdom and power are of one nature; therefore the Creator God of ours is one in nature.'
1:1706
Πάλιν ἀνάλαβέ σου τά ἀμυντήρια, προβαλοῦ τούς Ἀριστοτέλους τοῦ σοῦ κανόνας, ἐρώτα τάς πεύσεις τάς ἀμφικρήμνους, μικρόνδ ὅμως μεῖνον καί ταῦτά σοι προθήσομεν εἰς ἐξέτασιν
再拿起你防身的兵器罷,搬出你那亞里斯多德的規則,提出你那兩面皆懸崖的問題;但請稍候片刻,我們也要把這些擺在你面前受查考。
Take up again your weapons of defense, put forward the rules of your Aristotle, ask your questions full of precipices on either side; but wait a little while, and we will set these too before you for examination.
1:1707
Νῦνδ ἴδωμεν διά τίνων κατασκευάζει μηδαμῶς εὔλογον εἶναι τόν Θεόν ἕνα λέγεσθαι
但如今讓我們看看,他是憑什麼(論證)來確立「說神是一位乃是全然不合理」這話的。
But now let us see by what (arguments) he establishes that it is in no way reasonable to say that God is one.
1:1708
Κατά μετοχή φησιν οὐκ ἔστι, καθ ὕπαρξιν οὐκ ἔστι, κατ αἰτίαν οὐκ ἔστιν ἕν˙ κατ οὐδένα ἄρα τρόπον ἔστιν Θεός ἕν
他說:「按『分受』,祂不是(一);按『自存』,祂不是(一);按『緣由』,祂不是一;所以神在任何意義上都不是一。」
'By participation,' he says, 'he is not (one); by subsistence he is not (one); by causation he is not one; therefore in no way is God one.'
1:1709
Τήν μέν οὖν μετοχήν καί ὕπαρξιν παρεῖναί μοι δοκῶ˙ τό μέν γάρ οὐδείς ἠγνόησεν ὅτι μή κατά μετοχήν ἔστι τι Θεῷ, τό δέ οὐδείς ἐζήτησε τί ἐστι καθ ὕπαρξιν Θεός
那麼「分受」與「自存」,我想我要略過;因為前者——無人不知神並非藉分受而為任何物;而後者——無人曾探求神「按自存」是什麼。
Now participation and subsistence I think I will pass over; for the one—no one has been ignorant that God is not anything by participation; and the other—no one has sought what God is 'by subsistence.'
1:1710
Κατ αἰτίαν δέ πῶς οὐκ εὔλογον ἕνα τόν Θεόν λέγεσθαι οὐκ ἔχω συνιδεῖν, οὐ μόνον ὅπως οὐκ εὔλογον, ἀλλ οὐδ ὅπως ἐτόλμησεν εἰπεῖν, σαφῶς τοῦτο τῶν ἁγίων διαγορευόντων
但「按緣由」說神是一位怎會「不合理」,我實在弄不明白——不單弄不明白它怎會不合理,連他怎敢這樣說都弄不明白,因為眾聖徒明明宣告了這事。
But how it is 'not reasonable' to say that God is one 'by causation,' I cannot make out—not only how it is unreasonable, but not even how he dared to say it, the saints plainly declaring this.
1:1711
Ἀλλ εἰ κατ αἰτίαν τόν Θεόν ἕν οὐκ εὔλογον εἰπεῖν, οὐδέ τοῦ ἑνός αἴτιος ἔσται, καί γάρ ὧν ἐστιν αἴτιος, ἀπό τούτων ἔχει τάς προσηγορίας˙ εἰ δέ τοῦ ἑνός οὐκ ἔστιν Θεός αἴτιος, οὐδενός τῶν ὄντων ἐστίν αἴτιος˙ τῷ γάρ εἶναι τό (σελ
但若「按緣由」稱神為「一」是不合理的,那麼祂也不會是「那一」的緣由了;因為祂的眾稱呼,乃是從那些祂為其緣由之物得來的;但神若不是「那一」的緣由,祂便不是任何存有的緣由;因為藉著那「一」的存在(頁……)
But if it is not reasonable to call God 'one' by causation, then neither will he be the cause of the One; for from those things of which he is the cause, he has his appellations; but if God is not the cause of the One, he is the cause of none of the beings; for by the being of the (p. ...)
1:1712
) ἕν, πάντα ἐστί τά ὄντα, καί τῶν ὄντων ἕκαστον ἕν ἐστινἤ γένειἤ εἴδειἤ ἀριθμῷ, καί οὐδ ἄν πολλά ἕκαστον αὖθις τούτων εἴη τῇ κατ αὐτά διαφορᾷ, εἰ μή τό ἕν εἴη˙ τό γάρ ἕν ἐστι στοιχειωτικόν καί συνεκτικόν καί συστατικόν ἁπάντων
)萬有才得以存在;而諸存有中的每一個都是「一」——或在屬上,或在種上,或在數上;又再者,這些之中無一能因彼此間的差異而各為「多」,除非有那「一」;因為那「一」乃是萬物的元素性的、維繫性的、構成性的(本原)。
) One, all beings are; and each of the beings is one—either in genus, or in species, or in number; and again, none of these could each be 'many' by the difference among them, unless the One were; for the One is the elementary, the cohesive, and the constitutive (principle) of all things.
1:1713
Ὥσθ τοῦ ἑνός μή ὤν αἴτιος οὐδενός ἐστιν αἴτιος
如此,凡不是「那一」之緣由者,便不是任何物的緣由。
So that he who is not the cause of the One is the cause of none.
1:1714
Ἀλλ εἰ ὡς αἴτιός φησι τοῦ ἑνός ἕν ἐστιν Θεός, οὐ μᾶλλον ἕνἤ πολλά, καί γάρ καί τῶν πολλῶν αἴτιος
但若如他所說,神之為一,乃是作為「那一」的緣由,那麼祂之為「一」便不多於為「多」;因為祂也是那「多」的緣由。
But if, as he says, God is one as being the cause of the One, then (he is) no more 'one' than 'many'; for he is the cause of the many also.
1:1715
Παρίημι τοίνυν λέγειν ὡς τοῖς μέν πολλοῖς οὐ συναιρεῖται τό ἕν, τῷ δέ ἑνί τά πολλά, καί ὡς Θεός ἐν τῷ ἑνί μένων καί τά πολλά προάγει, καί οὐ προάγει μόνον, ἀλλά καί γινώσκει, τοῦ ἑνιαίου μή πληθυνομένου τάς ἐν τοῖς πλήθεσι διαφορᾶς˙ ἀλλ εἰ μή μᾶλλον Θεός ἕνἤ πολλά, διατί εἷς μέν Θεός λέγομεν, πολλοί δέ οὐ λέγομεν;
那麼我姑且不論:那「一」並不被收攏歸於那「多」,倒是那「多」被收攏歸於那「一」;又說神既存於那「一」之中,便既生出那「多」——且不單生出,也認識它——那「一性」並不因眾多者間的差異而被增多;但若神之為「一」不多於為「多」,我們為何說「一位神」而不說「多位」呢?
I pass over, then, saying that the One is not contracted together with the many, but the many with the One; and that God, abiding in the One, both brings forth the many—and not only brings forth, but also knows—the One-like (principle) not being multiplied by the differences among the multitudes; but if God is no more 'one' than 'many,' why do we say 'one God' but do not say 'many'?
1:1716
Διατί δέ πολυώνυμον αὐτόν καλοῦμεν, ἀλλ οὐ τοῖς ὀνόμασι συνδιαιροῦμεν;
再者,我們為何稱祂為「多名的」,卻不隨那些名稱把祂分割呢?
And why do we call him 'many-named,' yet do not divide him up along with the names?
1:1717
Ἀλλ οὐκ εἶπόν φησιν οὐ μᾶλλον ἕνἤ πολλά, ἀλλ οὐ μᾶλλον ἕνἤ οὐχ ἕν
他說:「但我沒有說『一不多於多』,乃是說『一不多於非一』。」
'But I did not say,' he says, 'no more one than many, but no more one than not-one.'
1:1718
Εἰ οὖν ἔστιν, οὐχ ἕν δέ ἐστι, πολλά ἄν εἴη
那麼,祂若存在,卻不是一,祂便會是多了。
If, then, he exists, but is not one, he would be many.
1:1719
Πῶς οὖν, φησί, Διονύσιος μέγας περί τοῦ Θεοῦ φησιν ὡς οὔτε ἕν ἐστιν;
他說:「那麼,偉大的丟尼修為何論到神說『祂連一也不是』呢?」
'How then,' he says, 'does the great Dionysius say concerning God that he is neither one?'
1:1720
Ἀλλ οὐκ ἐπ ἀναιρέσει τοῦ ἑνός, βέλτιστε˙ παράγγελμα γάρ ἐστιν αὐτοῦ μή οἴεσθαι τάς ἀποφάσεις ἀντικειμένας εἶναι ταῖς καταφάσεσιν ἐπί Θεοῦ
好先生啊,這話並非為要廢掉那「一」;因為他有一條訓誡,叫人不要以為在神的情形上,否定與肯定是彼此相反的。
But not in abolition of the One, my good sir; for it is a precept of his not to think that the negations are opposed to the affirmations in the case of God.
1:1721
Σύδ ἐπ ἀναιρέσει τοῦ ἑνός προφέρεις τό οὐχ ἕν, τήν ἀσυνείκαστον ἐκείνην αἰτίαν προστιθείς ὡς εἰ κατ αἰτίαν ἔστιν ἕν, καθ ὕπαρξιν οὐκ ἔσται ἕν, ὥστε φησίν οὐ μᾶλλον ἕνἤ οὐχ ἕν
但你卻為要廢掉那「一」而搬出「非一」,並加上那不相稱的「緣由」,(說)祂若「按緣由」為一,便不會「按自存」為一——以致你說,祂之為「一」不多於為「非一」。
But you bring forward 'not-one' in abolition of the One, adding that incongruous 'cause,' (saying) that if he is one by causation, he will not be one by subsistence—so that, you say, he is no more 'one' than 'not-one.'
1:1722
Τί δή σοι βούλεται τό καθ ὕπαρξιν τοῦτο, διαλεκτικέ σύ καί ἄφυκτε;
那麼,你說「按自存」是什麼意思呢,思辨家啊——你這無從逃避的人?
What, then, do you mean by this 'by subsistence,' O dialectician—you, the inescapable one?
1:1723
Εἰ μέν γάρ τό ἁπλῶς εἶναι, πῶς τό κατ αἰτίαν ἕν οὐκ ἔσται αὖθις οὐδαμῶς ἕν;
因為你若(指)那單純的「存在」,那麼那「按緣由為一」之物,又怎會反而全然不是一呢?
For if (you mean) the simply 'to be,' how will that which is 'one by causation' again be in no way one?
1:1724
Αὐτῷ γάρ τῷ εἶναι Θεός ἕν ὑπέρ τό ἐν τοῖς οὖσιν ἕν καί τοῦ ἐν τοῖς οὖσιν ἑνός αἴτιος καθίσταται, ἀκλίτως ἵν οὕτως εἴπω ἑαυτόν ἐπιδιδούς καί τῆς οἰκείας ἑνότητος ἀγαθότητι μεταδιδούς καί ἀμεθέκτως μετεχόμενος
因為神正藉著祂的「存在」,被立為那超乎諸存有中之「一」的「一」,並立為諸存有中那「一」的緣由——可以說,祂毫不偏移地把自己賜下,並憑其良善分賜祂自己的合一,且雖被分受卻仍是不可分受的。
For by his very 'being' God is established as 'one' above the 'one' among beings, and as the cause of the 'one' among beings—giving himself, so to speak, undeviatingly, and imparting of his own unity by his goodness, and being partaken yet imparticipable.
1:1725
Εἰ δέ τό καθ ὕπαρξιν τοῦτό σοι βούλεται ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν οὐσία τοῦ Θεοῦ τό (σελ
但你若以這「按自存」是指「那一並非神的本質」,(頁……)
But if by this 'by subsistence' you mean that the One is not the essence of God, (p. ...)
1:1726
) ἕν καί διά τοῦτο οὐκ εὔλογον ἕνα λέγειν τόν Θεόν, οὐδ ἥλιος λοιπόν εἷς ἐστιν, ἐπεί οὐκ ἔστιν αὐτοῦ τό ἕν οὐσία˙ εἰ δέ κατά μετοχήν τοῦ αὐτοενός εἷς ἐστιν ἥλιος, οὐ μᾶλλον εἷςἤ οὐχ εἷς, ἐπεί καθ ὕπαρξιν οὐκ ἔστιν εἷς
)並因此說「稱神為一乃是不合理」——那麼從此太陽也不是「一」了,既然那「一」並非它的本質;而太陽若是藉分受那「自有之一」才為一,那麼它之為「一」便不多於為「非一」了,既然它「按自存」並非一。
) and that for this reason it is unreasonable to call God 'one'—then neither, henceforth, is the sun 'one,' since the one is not its essence; and if the sun is one by participation in the Self-One, then it is no more 'one' than 'not-one,' since by subsistence it is not one.
1:1727
Τό αὐτό δέ καί ἐπί πάντων ὅσα τοῦ ἑνός μετέχει, καί μάλα γε εἰκότως
凡分受那「一」之物,也都是如此——並且這甚為合宜。
And the same holds also for all things that partake of the One—and very fittingly so.
1:1728
Εἰ γάρ τό αὐτοέν οὐ μᾶλλον ἕνἤ οὐχ ἕν κατά τήν σήν σοφίαν, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ὅσα τῷ μετέχειν τούτου ἕν ἐστιν˙ οὐκ ἐπί τοῦ ἑνός δέ μόνον, ἀλλά κἀπί τῶν δύοἤ τριῶν καί παντός ἀριθμητοῦ˙ τοῦ γάρ ποσοῦ μηδέποτε οὐσίας ὄντος, τά δύο οὐ μᾶλλον δύοἤ μή δύο˙ καί γάρ εἰ κατ ἀριθμόν δύο, ἀλλά καθ ὕπαρξιν οὐ δύο πάντως
因為那「自有之一」若按你的智慧是「之為一不多於為非一」,那麼凡藉分受它而為一之物,就更是如此了;並且不單在「一」的情形上,連在「二」或「三」以及一切可計數之物的情形上都是如此;因為既然「量」從來不是本質,那麼那「二」之為「二」便不多於為「非二」;因為它們縱在數上為二,按自存卻斷然不是二。
For if the Self-One is, according to your wisdom, 'no more one than not-one,' much more so are all things which are one by partaking of it; and not only in the case of 'one,' but also in the case of 'two' or 'three' and every numerable thing; for since quantity is never an essence, the two are 'no more two than not-two'; for even if they are two in number, by subsistence they are by all means not two.
1:1729
Τοῦτο δέ ἐστιν, ἵνα κατά τήν αὐτοῦ φῶμεν ἐπιστήμην, παραλογισμός, παρά τήν τοῦ ἐλέγχου ἄγνοιαν, καί θεολογῶν γεννάδας χρῆται, δι οὗ καί σοφισάμενος, πάντα ἀριθμόν ἀνεῖλε ( οὐ γάρ κατά τό αὐτό ἕν τε καί οὐχ ἕν), ρᾳδίωςδ ἄν οὕτω τις καί ἕκαστον τῶν ὄντων μή μᾶλλον ὄνἤ μή ὄν ἐλέγξειεν
而這——用他自己的「科學」來說——乃是一種「謬誤推論」,就是那(由)「不識駁斥之點」(ignoratio elenchi)而生的一種,這位好漢甚至在他作神學時也使用它,並藉它玩弄詭辯,廢掉了一切數目(因為「一與非一並非在同一方面而言」);人也可如此輕易地把諸存有中的每一個都駁為「之為存有不多於為非存有」。
And this is—to speak according to his own science—a paralogism, the one (that arises) from ignorance of the refutation (ignoratio elenchi), which this fine fellow uses even in his theologizing, and by which, having played the sophist, he abolished every number (for 'one and not-one are not in the same respect'); and one might thus easily refute also each of the beings as 'no more being than not-being.'
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