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坎特伯雷的安瑟莫
證道篇與文集 第 1 章
拉丁文原文．9 節．部分字詞可點開查義
1:1
Impeditus quominus ipse veniat, per litteras papam obsecrat, ut se de episcopatu absolvat, cum in eo propter causas, quas enarrat, sine animae detrimento vitam finire non possit. 1. Domino et patri cum amore reverendo et cum reverentia amando, summo pontifici Urbano: frater Anselmus, servus ecclesiae Cantauriae, debitam subiectionem et orationum devotionem. 2. Novimus, domine reverende et pater diligende, quod dominus noster Iesus Christus sublimavit sanctitatem vestram in ecclesia sua ad consulendum et subveniendum iis, qui ad supernae patriae requiem anhelantes in huius saeculi exsilio diversis fatigantur tribulationibus.
他既被攔阻不能親自前來，便藉書信懇求教皇免去他的主教職分，因為按他所陳述的緣由，他若仍居此職，就不能不傷及自己的靈魂而了結此生。一。致我以愛當敬、以敬當愛的主和父，至高教宗烏爾班：弟兄安瑟倫，坎特伯雷教會的僕人，謹獻當盡的順服與禱告的敬虔。二。可敬的主、可愛的父啊，我們知道我們的主耶穌基督高舉了你在祂教會中的聖德，叫你勸導並扶助那些渴慕天上家鄉安息、卻在此今世的客旅中被各樣患難所困乏的人。
Being hindered from coming in person, he beseeches the Pope by letter to release him from the episcopate, since for the reasons he sets forth he cannot end his life in it without harm to his soul. 1. To his lord and father, to be revered with love and to be loved with reverence, to the supreme pontiff Urban: brother Anselm, servant of the church of Canterbury, sends due submission and devotion in prayer. 2. We know, revered lord and beloved father, that our Lord Jesus Christ has exalted your holiness in his church to counsel and assist those who, panting for the rest of the heavenly fatherland, are wearied by diverse tribulations in the exile of this present world.
1:2
Hac igitur spe et consideratione ego humilis servus vester in angustiis cordis mei ad sinum paternae et apostolicae pietatis vestrae per exhibitionem praesentiae meae confugere disposui; sed hoc utique facere non possum, sicut desidero. Cur autem non possim, per praesentium latorem cognoscetis. Quoniam ergo per memetipsum praesentiam vestram secundum desiderium meum adire nequeo, per litteras, ut possum, clementiae vestrae angustias meas insinuo, quatenus eius consolatione eadem angustiae mitigentur, et anima mea desideratam tranquillitatem per affectum vestrae compassionis se adipisci gratuletur. Tanta enim est cordis mei tribulatio, ut nec verbis nec litteris sufficiam illam exprimere;
因此，懷著這盼望與思量，我這卑微的僕人，在我心的愁苦中，定意要藉親自前來投奔你那為父並屬使徒之憐憫的懷抱；但這事我實在不能照我所渴望的去行。我為何不能，你必從這信的帶信人得知。既然我不能照我的心願親自來到你面前，我就盡力藉書信向你的仁慈訴說我的愁苦，好叫這些愁苦因你的安慰得以紓解，我的靈魂也因你那同情之愛得著所渴慕的安寧而歡喜。因為我心的患難何其大，我無論用言語或書信都不足以表達；
With this hope, therefore, and consideration, I, your humble servant, in the anguish of my heart resolved to flee to the bosom of your fatherly and apostolic compassion by presenting myself in person; but this I am in no way able to do as I desire. Why I cannot, you will learn through the bearer of this letter. Since, then, I cannot of myself approach your presence according to my desire, I make known my anguish to your clemency by letter, as I am able, so that by its consolation these same anguishes may be soothed, and my soul may rejoice to obtain the longed-for tranquillity through the affection of your compassion. For so great is the tribulation of my heart that I am sufficient to express it neither by words nor by letters;
1:3
sed oro deum, qui novit occulta, ut eam vos intelligere faciat, et «per viscera misericordiae» suae viscera vestra ad eius miserationem secundum desiderium et necessitatem meam commoveat. De hac tamen mea necessitate et meo desiderio aliqua aperio, per quae vestram prudentiam posse intelligere quid mihi expediat, non dubito. 3.
但我祈求那知道隱密事的神，叫你能明白這愁苦，並「藉著祂憐憫的心腸」，照我的心願與需要，激動你的心腸來憐恤這事。然而論到我這需要與心願，我略述一二，藉此我深信你的明智能明白甚麼是對我有益的。三。
but I pray to God, who knows hidden things, that he may cause you to understand it, and «through the bowels of his mercy» may move your bowels to compassion for it according to my desire and need. Yet concerning this my need and my desire I disclose some things, through which I do not doubt that your prudence is able to understand what is expedient for me. 3.
1:4
Notum est multis, mi pie pater, qua violentia et quam invitus et quam contradicens captus sim et detentus ad episcopatum in Anglia, et quomodo obtenderim repugnantiam ad huiusmodi officium naturae, aetatis, imbecillitatis et ignorantiae meae, quae omnino omnes saeculi actiones fugiunt et inconsolabiliter exsecrantur, ut nullatenus illas tolerare possim cum salute animae meae. In quo archiespiscopatu iam per quatuor annos manens nullum fructum feci, sed immensis et exsecrabilibus tribulationibus animae meae inutiliter vixi, ut cotidie magis desiderarem mori extra Angliam quam ibi vivere.
我虔敬的父啊，許多人都知道，我是以何等的強暴、何等的不情願、何等的抗拒，被擒拿並扣留去就任英格蘭的主教職分；又知道我如何以我的本性、年齡、軟弱與無知為由，極力推辭這樣的職分。這些本性凡事都全然逃避世俗的事務，並無可安慰地憎惡之，以致我若要保全靈魂的救恩，就無論如何不能擔當這些事。我留在這大主教職分上已經四年，毫無果效，反倒在我靈魂巨大而可憎的患難中徒然度日，以致我一天比一天更渴望死在英格蘭之外，勝過在那裏存活。
It is known to many, my devout father, with what violence and how unwilling and how resisting I was seized and held for the episcopate in England, and how I urged my reluctance against such an office on account of my nature, age, weakness, and ignorance, which utterly shun and inconsolably abhor all the affairs of the world, so that I can in no way endure them with the salvation of my soul. Remaining now for four years in this archbishopric I have borne no fruit, but have lived to no purpose amid immense and detestable tribulations of my soul, so that day by day I desired more to die outside England than to live there.
1:5
Nam si ita vitam praesentem, sicuti eram, ibi finirem, plus videbam animae meae damnationem quam salutatem. Videbam enim multa mala in terra illa, quae nec tolerare debebam nec episcopali liberate corrigere poteram. Ipse quoque rex faciebat quaedam quae facienda non videbantur de ecclesiis, quas post obitum praelatorum aliter quam oporteret tractabat. Me etiam et ecclesiam Cantuariensem multis modis gravabat. Terras namque ipsius ecclesiae, quas post mortem archiepiscopi Lanfranci, cum manu sua achiepiscopatum tenuerat, militibus suis dederat, mihi, sicut eas idem archiepiscopus tenuerat, non reddebat, sed insuper alias secundum libitum suum me nolente dabat.
因為我若仍照我現今的光景，在那裏了結今生，我所看見的寧是我靈魂的沉淪，過於救恩。因我在那地看見許多惡事，是我既不該容忍，又不能以主教的權柄糾正的。連王自己也作了某些不該對教會作的事，他在主教長者死後，以不合宜的方式處置教會。他也多方加重我和坎特伯雷教會的擔子。那教會的田地，本是他在大主教蘭弗朗克死後親手掌管大主教職分期間，分給了他的兵丁；他不照那同一位大主教所掌管的歸還給我，反倒違背我的心意，按他自己的喜好把別的田地賜給人。
For if I were to end the present life there, just as I was, I saw rather the damnation of my soul than its salvation. For I saw many evils in that land, which I neither ought to tolerate nor could correct by episcopal authority. The king himself also did certain things which did not seem fit to be done concerning the churches, which after the death of the prelates he handled otherwise than was proper. He burdened me also and the church of Canterbury in many ways. For the lands of that very church, which after the death of Archbishop Lanfranc, while he held the archbishopric in his own hand, he had given to his soldiers, he did not restore to me as that same archbishop had held them, but moreover gave others away according to his own pleasure against my will.
1:6
Servitia gravia et ante cessoribus meis inusitata, ultra quam ferre possem aut pati deberem, a me exigebat. Legem autem dei et canonicas et apostolicas auctoritates voluntariis consuetudinibus obrui videbam. De his omnibus, cum loquebar, nihil efficiebam, et non tam simplex recitudo quam voluntariae consuetudines obtendebatur. 4. Sciens igitur quia, si haec ita usque in finem tolerarem, in damnationem animae meae successoribus meis tam pravam consuetudinem confirarem, nec de his placitare poteram -- nullus enim aut consilium aut auxilium mihi ad haec audebat dare -:
他向我索取沉重的勞役，連我的前任也未曾有過，超過我所能負擔、所該忍受的。我又看見神的律法、教會法規與使徒的權柄，被那任意妄為的慣例所淹沒。論到這一切，我每逢開口，都毫無成效；人所抵擋我的，與其說是樸實的正直，不如說是任意妄為的慣例。四。因此我知道，我若這樣容忍這些事到底，就要為我的後任堅立如此敗壞的慣例，以致沉淪我的靈魂，又不能就這些事申訴——因為在這些事上無人敢給我出主意或幫助——：
He exacted from me heavy services, unwonted even to my predecessors, beyond what I could bear or ought to endure. And I saw the law of God and the canonical and apostolic authorities overwhelmed by arbitrary customs. About all these things, when I spoke, I accomplished nothing, and not so much plain rectitude as arbitrary customs were set against me. 4. Knowing therefore that, if I tolerated these things thus to the end, I would confirm so depraved a custom for my successors to the damnation of my soul, and could not plead concerning them -- for no one dared give me either counsel or help in these matters --:
1:7
petii arege licentiam adeundi vestram paternitatem, quatenus illi et cordis mei angustias ostenderem, et deinde eius consilio et auxilio quod salubrius esset animae meae agerem. Qua de re iratus petiit, ut de huius licentiae petitione quasi de gravi offensa illi satisfacerem, et securum illum facerem me deinceps nullo modo requisiturm pro aliqua necessitate apostolicum, nec saltem inde locuturm; aut si umquam hoc facturus eram, in praesenti hoc facerem. Sic itaque mare transivi intentione ad vos veniendi. Quod, sicut dixi, facere non possum. 5.
我求王准許我前去你這為父者面前，好叫我向他陳明我心的愁苦，然後憑他的指教與幫助，作對我靈魂更有益的事。為這事他發了怒，要我為求這許可一事向他賠罪，如同為一樁重大的冒犯，又要我向他保證，此後無論為甚麼需要，我都絕不尋求使徒座位，連提也不再提；不然，我若曾打算如此行，就當在此刻去行。我便這樣渡了海，存著前來見你的心意。如我所說，這事我已不能成行。五。
I sought leave from the king to go to your fatherly presence, that I might show him both the anguish of my heart, and thereafter, by his counsel and help, do what was more wholesome for my soul. About this matter, being angered, he demanded that I make satisfaction to him for the request of this leave as though for a grave offense, and that I assure him that I would thereafter in no way seek the apostolic see for any necessity, nor even speak of it thenceforth; or, if I were ever going to do this, that I should do it at present. And so thus I crossed the sea with the intention of coming to you. Which, as I have said, I cannot do. 5.
1:8
Quoniam autem impossibile est me huiusmodi vitae concordare aut animam meam in tali episcopatu salvari, cum propter rerum quas dixi qualitates, tum propter meas multimodas et sensus et morum et naturae et aetatis imbecillitates: haec est summa supplicationis meae, propter quam ad vos ire volebam, ut, sicut deum animae meae et animam meam deo desideratis, per paternam et apostolicam pietatem, quae cor vestrum inhabitat, animam meam de vinculo tantae servitutis absolvatis, eique libertatem serviendi deo in tranquillitate reddatis, «ne abundantiore tristitia», sicut iam nimis passa est, «absorbeatur», et de dolore temporali ad aeternum pertrahatur;
但我既不可能與這樣的生活相安，我的靈魂也不可能在這樣的主教職分中得救——這既因我所說諸事的情形，也因我在感官、品性、本性與年齡上多方面的軟弱：這就是我懇求的總綱，是我所以願來見你的緣由，就是求你照你切願神得著我的靈魂、我的靈魂得著神的心，憑著住在你心中那為父並屬使徒的憐憫，將我的靈魂從這麼大的奴役之繫縛中釋放出來，把在安寧中事奉神的自由還給它，「免得它被過度的憂愁吞滅」（如它已過於受過的），並被從暫時的痛苦拖入永遠的痛苦；
But since it is impossible for me to be reconciled to a life of this kind, or for my soul to be saved in such an episcopate, both because of the conditions of the matters I have spoken of, and because of my manifold weaknesses of sense, of character, of nature, and of age: this is the sum of my supplication, on account of which I wished to come to you, that, as you desire God for my soul and my soul for God, by the fatherly and apostolic compassion which dwells in your heart, you would release my soul from the bond of so great a servitude, and restore to it the liberty of serving God in tranquillity, «lest it be swallowed up by overmuch sorrow», as it has already too greatly suffered, and be dragged from temporal grief to eternal;
1:9
deinde ut ecclesiae Anglorum secundum prudentiam et auctoritatem apostolatus vestri consulatis. Omnipotens dominus vestram sanctitatem nobis in suae gratiae prosperitate diu servet incolumem et conterat satanam et partas inferi sub pedibus vestris. Amen.
然後求你照你使徒職分的明智與權柄，為英格蘭人的教會出主意籌劃。願全能的主長久為我們保守你的聖德，在祂恩典的興盛中安然無恙，並將撒但與陰間的門踐踏在你腳下。阿們。
and thereafter that you may take counsel for the church of the English according to the prudence and authority of your apostleship. May the Almighty Lord long preserve your holiness for us, unharmed in the prosperity of his grace, and crush Satan and the gates of hell beneath your feet. Amen.