駁多納圖派 第 2 章 第 1/3 段

I. The Proceedings before Zenophilus. II. The Acts of the Acquittal of Felix, bishop of Aptungi. III. The Letter of Constantine to Aelafius. IIII. The Council of Bishops at Arles to Pope Silvester. V. The Letter of Constantine to the catholic bishops. VI. The Letter of Constantine to the bishops of Donatus's party. VII. The Letter of Constantine to Celsus, vicar of Africa. VIII. The Letter of the praetorian prefect Petronius to Celsus. VIIII. The Letter of Constantine to the catholic Church. X. The Letter of Constantine concerning the basilica wrested from the catholics. C = the Paris codex of the eleventh century, no. 1711, formerly Colbertinus no. 1951. I. The Proceedings before Zenophilus. Here begin the proceedings in which it is established that the traditor was Silvanus, who, together with the others, ordained Maiorinus, whom Donatus succeeded.

In the consulship of Constantine Maximus Augustus and of Constantine the younger, most noble Caesar, on the Ides of December. At Thamugadi, for the sixth time, Victor the grammarian having been brought in and presented, with the deacon Nundinarius also being present, Zenophilus, a most distinguished man of consular rank, said: What are you called? He answered: Victor. Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said: Of what condition are you? Victor said: I am a professor of Roman letters, a Latin grammarian. Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said: Of what rank are you? Victor said: My father was a decurion of the people of Constantina, my grandfather a soldier; he had served in the imperial retinue; for our descent comes from Moorish blood. Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said:

Mindful of your faith and your honesty, declare plainly what was the cause of the dissension among the Christians. Victor said: I do not know the origin of the dissension; I am one of the common people of the Christians. For when I was at Carthage, Secundus the bishop, when he had at last at some time come to Carthage, they are said to have found Caecilianus appointed bishop — I know not by whom — not rightly, and they against him appointed another. From there, there at Carthage, the dissension began, and from there I cannot fully know the origin of the dissension, since our city always has one church and, if it had a dissension, we do not know of it at all. Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said: Do you communicate with Silvanus? Victor answered: With him. Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular,

the consular, said: Why then, passing over the one whose innocence has been cleared? And he added: It is moreover asserted that you most certainly know something else, that Silvanus is a traditor; confess concerning that. Victor answered: This I do not know. Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said to Nundinarius the deacon: Victor denies that he knows that Silvanus is a traditor. Nundinarius the deacon said: He himself knows it, for he handed over the codices. Victor answered: I had fled. May I perish if I lie about that storm. When we were suffering the onset of a sudden persecution, we fled to the mountain of Bellona. I was sitting with Mars the deacon and Victor the presbyter. When all the codices were sought from this same Mars, he denied that he had any. Then Victor gave the names of all the readers.

They came to my house while I was absent. The magistrates went up, and my codices were carried off. When I came, I found the codices carried off. Nundinarius the deacon said: You then answered in the official record that you handed over the codices. Why are these things denied, which can be brought to light? Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said to Victor: Confess plainly, lest you be questioned more rigorously. Nundinarius the deacon said: Let the records be read. Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said: Let them be read; and Nundinarius produced them, and the clerk recited: «In the consulship of Diocletian, for the eighth time, and of Maximian, for the seventh, on the fourteenth day before the Kalends of June, from the acts of Munatius Felix, perpetual flamen, curator of the colony of the people of Cirta.

When they had come to the house in which the Christians used to assemble, Felix, the perpetual flamen and curator, said to Paulus the bishop: Bring out the writings of the law and whatever else you have here, as has been commanded, that you may be able to obey the order. Paulus the bishop said: The readers have the Scriptures, but what we have here, we give. Felix, the perpetual flamen and curator, said to Paulus the bishop: Point out the readers, or send to them. Paulus the bishop said: You all know them. Felix, the perpetual flamen and curator of the commonwealth, said: We do not know them. Paulus the bishop said: The public office knows them, that is, Edusius and Iunius, the clerks. Felix, the perpetual flamen and curator of the commonwealth, said: The question of the readers, whom the office will point out, remaining open;

you, give what you have. While Paulus the bishop was sitting, with Montanus and Victor Deusatelius and Memorius the presbyters, with Mars present together with Helius the deacons, with Marcuclius, Catullinus, Silvanus and Carosus the subdeacons, with Ianuarius, Meraclus, Fructuosus, Miggin, Saturninus, Victor and the other gravediggers, while Victor son of Aufidius wrote it down, in a brief inventory thus: two golden chalices, likewise six silver chalices, six silver pitchers, a silver cooking-pot, seven silver lamps, two candlesticks, short bronze candlesticks with their seven lamps, likewise eleven bronze lamps with their chains, eighty-two women's tunics, thirty-eight veils, sixteen men's tunics, thirteen pairs of men's boots, forty-seven pairs of women's boots, nineteen rustic clasps.

Felix, the perpetual flamen and curator of the commonwealth, said to Marcuclius, Silvanus and Carosus the gravediggers: Bring out this that you have. Silvanus and Carosus said: What was here, we have thrown it all out. Felix, the perpetual flamen and curator of the commonwealth, said to Marcuclius, Silvanus and Carosus: Your answer is recorded in the acts. Afterwards, when in the libraries [there] were found empty cupboards, Silvanus brought forth a silver headpiece and a silver lamp, which he said he had found behind a jar. Victor son of Aufidius said to Silvanus: You would have been a dead man, if you had not found them. Felix, the perpetual flamen and curator of the commonwealth, said to Silvanus: Search more carefully, lest anything has remained here. Silvanus said: Nothing has remained; we have thrown it all out.

And when the dining-room was opened, there were found four large jars and six vats. Felix, the perpetual flamen and curator of the commonwealth, said: Bring out the writings that you have, that we may be able to obey the emperors' commands and the order. Catullinus brought forth one exceedingly large codex. Felix, the perpetual flamen and curator of the commonwealth, said to Marcuclius and Silvanus: Why have you given only one codex? Bring out the writings that you have. Catullinus and Marcuclius said: We have no more, because we are subdeacons; but the readers have the codices. Felix, the perpetual flamen and curator of the commonwealth, said to Marcuclius and Catullinus: Point out the readers! Marcuclius and Catullinus said: We do not know where they live.

Felix, the perpetual flamen and curator of the commonwealth, said to Catullinus and Marcuclius: If you do not know where they live, tell their names. Catullinus and Marcuclius said: We are not betrayers. Here we are, order us to be killed. Felix, the perpetual flamen and curator of the commonwealth, said: Let them be taken into custody. And when they had come to the house of Eugenius, Felix, the perpetual flamen and curator of the commonwealth, said to Eugenius: Bring out the writings that you have, that you may be able to obey the command. And he brought forth four codices. Felix, the perpetual flamen and curator of the commonwealth, said to Silvanus and Carosus: Point out the other readers. Silvanus and Carosus said: The bishop has already said that Edusius and Iunius, the clerks, know them all; let them point them out to you at their houses.

Edusius and Iunius the clerks said: We will point them out, lord. And when they had come to the house of Felix the tailor, he brought forth five codices; and when they had come to the house of Victorinus, he brought forth eight codices; and when they had come to the house of Proiectus, he brought forth five larger and two smaller codices; and when they had come to the grammarian's house, Felix, the perpetual flamen and curator, said to Victor the grammarian: Bring out the writings that you have, that you may be able to obey the command. Victor the grammarian offered two codices and four quaternions. Felix, the perpetual flamen and curator of the commonwealth, said to Victor: Bring out the writings; you have more. Victor the grammarian said: If I had had more, I would have given them.

And when they had come to the house of Euticius of Caesarea, Felix, the perpetual flamen and curator of the commonwealth, said to Euticius: Bring out the writings that you have, that you may be able to obey the command. Euticius said: I have none. Felix, the perpetual flamen and curator of the commonwealth, said to Euticius: Your declaration is recorded in the acts. And when they had come to the house of Coddeon, his wife brought forth six codices. Felix, the perpetual flamen and curator of the commonwealth, said: Search, lest you have more; bring them out. The woman answered: I have none. Felix, the perpetual flamen and curator of the commonwealth, said to Bovis, a public slave: Go in and search, lest she has more. The public slave said: I have searched and found nothing. Felix, the perpetual flamen and curator of the commonwealth, said to Victorinus, Silvanus and Carosus:

If anything has been done short of the requirement, the danger falls upon you.» When these things had been read, Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said to Victor: Confess plainly! Victor answered: I was not present. Nundinarius the deacon said: We have read the letters of the bishops written by Fortis. And there is read by Nundinarius the deacon: «Christ and His angels are witness that those whom you communicated with handed over, that is, Silvanus of Cirta is a traditor and a thief of the goods of the poor; which all you bishops, presbyters, deacons, and elders know concerning the four hundred folles of Lucilla, a most distinguished woman, for whose sake you conspired together that Maiorinus might be made bishop, and from there the schism came to be;

for Victor too — I appeal to the presence of you and of the people — gave twenty folles to be made a presbyter, which Christ and His angels know.» And a copy of a letter was recited: «Purpurius the bishop to Silvanus his fellow bishop, greeting in the Lord. Nundinarius the deacon, our son, came to me and asked that I should send these intercessory letters from me to you, most holy one, so that, if it could be done, there might be peace between you and him. For I wish this to be done so that no one may know what is transacted between us, if you would by your writing agree, that I alone may come there to the matter at hand and cut off the very dissension that is between you. For with his own hand he handed over to me a written account of the affair, on account of which case he was stoned by your order.

It is not right that a father should chastise a son contrary to the truth, and I know that the things written in the account handed to me are true. Seek a remedy whereby this malice may be extinguished there, before the flame rises up which afterward cannot be extinguished without spiritual bloodshed. Bring in fellow clergy and elders, ecclesiastical men of the people, and let them diligently inquire what these dissensions are, so that the things which are done may be done according to the precepts of the faith. You shall not turn aside to the right hand or to the left, and be unwilling to lend your ear willingly to evil counsellors who do not want peace. You are all killing us... and in another hand: Farewell.» Likewise a copy of a letter:

«Purpurius the bishop to the clergy and elders of the people of Cirta, eternal salvation in the Lord! Moses cries out to all the senate of the children of Israel, and told them what the Lord commanded to be done. Without the counsel of the elders nothing was done. So you also, dearest ones, who I know possess all heavenly and spiritual wisdom, with all your strength learn what this dissension is, and bring it to peace. For Nundinarius the deacon says that nothing is hidden from us as to whence this dissension is between our dearest Silvanus and himself. For he handed me an account in which all things are written down. And he said that it is not hidden from you either. I know that there is no ear.

Seek a good remedy in due manner, how this matter may be extinguished without peril to your soul, lest suddenly, when you show partiality of persons, you come into judgment. Render a just judgment between the parties according to your gravity and your justice. Take heed for us, that you turn not aside to the right or to the left: it is God's affair that is being transacted, who searches the thoughts of each one. Labor that no one may know what this conspiracy is. The things contained in the account are yours. It is not good; for the Lord says: «By your own mouth you shall be condemned, and by your own mouth you shall be justified.» Likewise another was recited: «To Silvanus his dearest brother, Fortis, eternal salvation in the Lord!

Our son Nundinarius the deacon came to me and reported the things which have befallen between you and him through the intervention of a malevolent one, who wishes to turn the souls of the just from the way of truth. When I heard these things, I was struck down in mind, that such a dissension has come between you. For it ought not come to pass that the priest of God should come to this, which is not expedient for us. Now therefore ask him that, as far as may be, the peace of the Lord and Savior Christ may be with him, that we may not come into public court and be condemned by the heathen. For it is written: «See that, while you bite and devour one another, you be not consumed by one another.» Therefore I beseech the Lord that this scandal may be taken from our midst, that the affair of God may be celebrated with thanksgiving, the Lord saying:

«My peace I give to you, my peace I leave to you.» What peace can there be where there is dissension, where there are rivalries? For when I was separated from a soldier and had come into that situation with such injury, I commended my soul to God and forgave you, because God sees the minds of men and of those by whom I was led away from them to those others. But God delivered us, and with you we serve. Therefore, just as it has been forgiven us, do you also be reconciled to peace, that in the name of Christ we may be able to celebrate peace with joy. Let no one know.» «To the brethren and sons, the clergy and elders, Fortis, eternal salvation in the Lord! Your son Nundinarius the deacon came to me and reported concerning the things that have been done against you;

and it surely ought to have been settled by us, that it should not come to the point where, having suffered such madness, you should be stoned by those for the truth — which both you and we know, just as you have reported to us; and it is written: «Is there not a wise man among us who can judge between brethren? But even brother is judged with brother, and that before unbelievers,» just as you, when you do not press your case in court. Has it come to this, that we should give such an example to the heathen, so that those who through us believed in God should themselves curse us, when we come into public court?

Therefore, that it may not come to this, you who are spiritual, see to it that no one may know, so that we may celebrate the Passover in peace; and exhort them to be reconciled to peace, and let there be no dissension, lest, when it has come to public court, you yourselves too begin to be in peril, if this is done, and afterward you charge it to us. You will give your utmost effort, you, Possessor the presbyter of Donatus, the several Valeri and Victor, who know all that was done; take pains that peace may be with you.» Likewise another was recited: «Eternal salvation in the Lord! Nundinarius your son has reached us, bringing a grave complaint not only to me but also to our brother Fortis. I marvel that your gravity has so acted with your son, whom you nourished and ordained.

For if an edifice be built on the ground, is not something heavenly added, which is built up through the hand of the priest? But you need not wonder, since the Scripture says: «I will destroy the wisdom of the wise and reject the prudence of the prudent,» and again it says: «Men loved darkness rather than the light,» just as you also do. Let it suffice us to know all things. Concerning which our brother Fortis too has written to you; now I would ask of your charity, most kindly brother, that you may fulfill the word of the prophet Isaiah: «Cast out malice from your souls, and come, let us reason together, says the Lord,» and again: «Cast out the evil from your midst.» So do you also: subdue and turn away the sedition of those who have been unwilling that there should be peace between you and your son.

But let your son Nundinarius celebrate the Passover with you in peace, lest the affair come to public court — which is moreover now known to us all. I would ask you, most kindly brother, that you fulfill the petition of my littleness; let no one know.» Likewise another was recited: «To brother Fortis, Sabinus, eternal salvation in the Lord! What charity there is, I am especially certain of, beyond all my colleagues; yet according to the will of God, who said: «Some I love above my own soul,» I am certain that you have loved Silvanus. Wherefore I did not hesitate to send these writings to you, because I had your writings made for him delivered to him for the sake of Nundinarius; and whoever acts unwearyingly, the affair of God always proceeds with impetus. Do not put forth an excuse;

for occupation presses upon us in these days and unceasingly stirs us up concerning these things right up to before the most solemn day of the Passover, that through you there may come about a most rich peace, that we may be found worthy fellow heirs of Christ, who said: «My peace I give to you, my peace I leave to you,» and again I ask that you do it — and in another hand: I hope that you fare well in the Lord and are mindful of us. Farewell; but I beg you, let no one know.» When these things had been read, Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said: From the acts and the letters that have been recited, it is established that Silvanus is a traditor. And he said to Victor: Confess plainly whether you know that he handed anything over. Victor said: He handed things over, but not in my presence. Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said: What office did Silvanus then hold among the clergy?

Victor answered: Under Paulus the bishop the persecution arose, and Silvanus was a subdeacon. Nundinarius the deacon answered: When it came to the point there, he says, that he should be made bishop, the people answered: Let another be made; hear, O God! Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said to Victor: Was it said by the people: Silvanus a traditor? Victor said: I myself struggled against him being bishop. Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said to Victor: Then you knew him to be a traditor? Confess concerning this. Victor answered: He was a traditor. Nundinarius the deacon said: You elders were crying out: Hear, O God! we want our fellow citizen; that man is a traditor. Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said to Victor:

You then cried out with the people that Silvanus was a traditor and ought not to be made bishop? Victor said: I cried out, both I and the people. For we were asking for our fellow citizen, an upright man. Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said: For what reason did you think him unworthy? Victor said: We were asking for an upright man and our fellow citizen, for I knew that we would come to this matter of the emperors' concern, since such things are entrusted to such men. Likewise, Victor son of Samsuricus and Saturninus the gravediggers having been brought in and presented, Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said: What are you called? He answered: Saturninus. Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said: Of what condition are you? Saturninus answered: A gravedigger. Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said: Do you know that Silvanus is a traditor?

Saturninus said: I know that he handed over a silver lamp. Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said to Saturninus: What else? Saturninus answered: I know nothing else, except that he threw it out from behind a jar. And, Saturninus having been removed, Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said to the one standing by: What are you called? He answered: Victor son of Samsuricus. Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said: Of what condition are you? Victor said: I am a craftsman. Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said: Who handed over a silver tablet? Victor answered: I did not see it; what I know, this I say. Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said to Victor: Although it has already been established from the answer of those who were questioned above, nevertheless do you confess whether Silvanus is a traditor. Victor said:

At my second request — how did he let it pass that we should be led to Carthage? — from the mouth of the bishop himself I heard: «A silver lamp and a silver headpiece were given to me, and I handed these over.» Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said to Victor son of Samsuricus: From whom did you hear it? Victor said: From Silvanus the bishop. Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said to Victor: From him you heard that he had handed it over? Victor said: From him I heard that with his own hands he had handed those things over. Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said: Where did you hear it? Victor said: In the basilica. Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said: At Constantina? Victor said: There he began to address the people, saying: «Concerning what do they say that I am a traditor — concerning the lamp and the headpiece?» Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said to Nundinarius:

What else do you think ought to be asked from these matters? Nundinarius said: Concerning the casks of the treasury, who took them away. Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said to Nundinarius: What casks? Nundinarius said: They were in the temple of Sarapis, and Purpurius the bishop took them away; the vinegar which they contained, Silvanus the bishop, Dontius the presbyter, and Lucianus took it away. Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said to Nundinarius: Do those who are present know that this was done? Nundinarius answered: They know. Saturninus the deacon said: Our elders used to say that they were taken away. Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said: By whom are they said to have been taken away? Saturninus said: By Purpurius the bishop, and the vinegar by Silvanus and Dontius and Superius the presbyters and Lucianus the deacon. Nundinarius said:

Did Victor give twenty folles and was made a presbyter? Saturninus said it. And as he was speaking, Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said to Saturninus: To whom did he give it? Saturninus said: To Silvanus the bishop. Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said to Saturninus: So in order to be made a presbyter, he gave twenty folles as a reward to Silvanus the bishop? Saturninus said: He gave them. Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said to Saturninus: Was it placed before Silvanus? Saturninus said: Before the chair of the bishops. Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said to Nundinarius: By whom was the money taken away? Nundinarius said: The bishops themselves divided it among themselves. Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said to Nundinarius: Do you desire that Donatus be produced? Nundinarius said:

By all means let him come, concerning whom the people cried out two days after the peace: «Hear, O God! we want our fellow citizen.» Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said to Nundinarius: Did the people certainly cry this out? He answered: They cried it out. Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said to Saturninus: Did they cry out that Silvanus was a traditor? Saturninus said: By all means. Nundinarius said: When he was made bishop, we did not communicate with him, because he was said to be a traditor. Saturninus said: What he says is true. Nundinarius said: I saw that Mutus the sand-arena man carried him on his neck. Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said to Saturninus: Was it so done? Saturninus said: So. Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said:

Are all the things that Nundinarius says true — that Silvanus was made bishop by arena-men? Saturninus said: True. Nundinarius said: There were prostitutes there. Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said to Saturninus: Did the arena-men carry him? Saturninus said: They themselves and the people carried him; for the citizens were shut up in the area of the martyrs. Nundinarius the deacon said: Was the people of God present there? Saturninus said: It was shut up in the larger house. Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said: Are all the things certainly that Nundinarius says true? Saturninus said: True. Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said: What do you say? Victor said: All things are true, lord. Nundinarius said: Purpurius the bishop took a hundred folles.

Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said to Nundinarius: «Concerning the four hundred purses, whom do you think ought to be questioned?» Nundinarius said: «Let the deacon Lucianus be brought forward, for he knows the whole matter.» Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said to Nundinarius: «Do these men here know of it?» Nundinarius said: «They do not know.» Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said: «Let Lucianus be brought forward.» Nundinarius said: «These men know that the four hundred purses were received, but because the bishops divided them among themselves, they do not know what became of them.» Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said to Nundinarius and Victor: «Do you know that the purses were received from Lucilla?» Saturninus and Victor said: «We know it.» Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said: «Did the poor not receive any of it?» They said: «No one received anything.» Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular...

...the consular said to Saturninus and Victor: «Was nothing taken from the shrine of Sarapis?» Saturninus and Victor said: «Purpurius carried off the casks, and bishop Silvanus and the presbyters Donatius and Superius and the deacon Lucianus carried off the vinegar.» Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said: «By the testimony of Victor the grammarian, and of Victor of Samsuricus, and of Saturninus, it has become clear that everything which Nundinarius has laid before us is true. Let them be dismissed and go out.» Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said: «Whom else do you think ought to be questioned?» Nundinarius said: «The deacon Castus, that he may say whether Silvanus is not a traditor; for Silvanus himself ordained him.» And when the deacon Castus had been brought in and set before him, Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said: «What is your name?» He answered: «Castus.» Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular...

...the consular said to Castus: «Of what condition are you?» Castus said: «I hold no rank of dignity.» Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said to Castus: «Although now, through Victor the grammarian and likewise through Victor of Samsuricus and through Saturninus, the charges which Nundinarius brings have come to confession, nevertheless do you also confess whether Silvanus is a traditor.» Castus answered: «He used to say that he found a lamp behind a wine-jar.» Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said to Castus: «Confess also concerning the casks taken from the shrine of Sarapis and concerning the vinegar.» Castus answered: «Bishop Purpurius carried off the casks.» Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said: «Who took the vinegar?» Castus answered that bishop Silvanus, and the presbyters Donatius and Superius, carried the vinegar off from there. Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular...

...the consular said to Castus: «Confess how many purses Victor gave that he might be made presbyter.» Castus said: «He offered a money-bag, my lord, but what was in it I do not know.» Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said to Castus: «To whom was the money-bag given?» Castus said: «He carried it there into the larger house.» Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said to Castus: «Was the money not divided among the people?» Castus answered: «It was not given, nor did I see it.» Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said to Castus: «Of the purses which Lucilla gave, did the common people receive nothing?» Castus said: «I saw no one receive anything.» Zenophilus, the most distinguished consular, said to Castus: «Where then did it go?» Castus said: «I do not know.» Nundinarius said: «Surely you either heard or saw, if it was said to the poor:»