Book of the Pontiffs 5

TO THE MOST BLESSED POPE DAMASUS, FROM JEROME. Our humility entreats the glory of your holiness that, according as we have learned the apostolic see to be governed through your holiness, we bowed in prayer beseech that you would deign to relate to us in order the acts of the deeds of blessed Peter the apostle's primacy, down to your own times, what has been done in your see; so that our humility may come to know who has merited to be crowned by martyrdom among the bishops of the aforesaid see, or who is known to have transgressed against the canons of the apostles. Pray for us, most blessed pope. Given on the Kalends of May. DAMASUS THE BISHOP TO JEROME THE PRESBYTER.

The church rejoices, now satisfied by your fountain, and yet thirsts the more, that the careful inquiry of priestly times may make known what is worthy and reject what is unworthy. Nevertheless, what we have been able to discover of the deeds in the records of our see, we have rejoicingly directed to your charity. Pray for us unto the holy resurrection, brother and fellow-presbyter. Farewell in Christ. Given on the tenth day before the Kalends of January. Here begins the order of the bishops of Rome. 1. BLESSED PETER, son of John, of the province of Galilee, of the village of Bethsaida, first sat in the chair of the episcopate in Antioch for 7 years, then in Rome for 25 years, 2 months, and 3 days. He was in the times of Tiberius Caesar and Gaius and Tiberius Claudius and Nero, under whom also he suffered.

He wrote two epistles which are called canonical, and the Gospel of Mark, because Mark was his hearer and his son by baptism; after the whole fountain of the four Gospels, at the inquiry of Peter they were confirmed, when one accords in Greek, another in Hebrew, another in Latin. He held three ordinations: 7 deacons, 10 presbyters, and 3 bishops, in the month of December. He was also buried on the Aurelian Way, in the temple of Apollo, near the place where he was crucified, near the Neronian palace in the Vatican, in the triumphal territory, on the Aurelian Way, on the third day before the Kalends of July. 2. LINUS, of Italian birth, his father Herculanus, sat for 12 years, 3 months, and 12 days.

He was in the times of Nero, from the consulship of Saturninus and Scipio to the consuls Capito and Rufinus. He was crowned with martyrdom. By the command of blessed Peter he was buried in the Vatican on the ninth day before the Kalends of October. 3. CLETUS, of Roman birth, of the Patrician quarter, his father Emelianus, sat for 7 years, 1 month, and 20 days. He was in the times of Vespasian and Titus, from Domitian to the consulship of Vespasian for the ninth time as consuls. He was crowned with martyrdom. By the command of blessed Peter he ordained 25 presbyters in the city of Rome in the month of December, and most especially all the pontiffs who follow celebrated ordinations in the month of December. And he was buried in the basilica of blessed Peter in the Vatican on the sixth day before the Kalends of May. 4.

CLEMENT, of Roman birth, from the region of the Caelian hill, son of Faustinus, sat for 11 years and 10 days. He was in the times of Galba and Vespasian, from the consulship of Tragalus and Italicus to Vespasian for the ninth time and Titus. He was crowned with martyrdom. He divided among faithful notaries of the church, so that each one in his own region should diligently and carefully inquire into the deeds of the martyrs; and he composed 2 epistles. He held ordinations: 10 presbyters, 2 deacons, and 5 bishops in various places. He died by martyrdom in the times of Trajan. He was buried in Greece on the ninth day before the Kalends of December. And the episcopate was vacant for 21 days. 5. ANACLETUS, of Greek birth, from Athens, his father Antiochus, sat for 12 years, 10 months, and 7 days.

He was in the times of Domitian, from the consulship of Domitian for the tenth time and Sabinus to Domitian for the seventeenth time and Clemens as consuls. He constructed and arranged a memorial of blessed Peter, where the bishops might be laid; there he himself also was buried on the Ides of July. He held two ordinations: 5 presbyters, 3 deacons, and 6 bishops in various places. The episcopate was vacant for 17 days. 6. EVARISTUS, of Greek birth, an Antiochene, son of a Jew named Judas of the city of Bethlehem, sat for 13 years, 7 months, and 2 days. He was in the times of Domitian and Nerva and Trajan, from the consulship of Valens and Vetus to Gallus and Bradua as consuls. He was crowned with martyrdom.

He divided the titular churches in the city of Rome among the presbyters and ordained 7 deacons, who should attend the bishop as he preached, for the sake of the pen of truth (the accurate record). He held three ordinations: 17 presbyters, 9 deacons, and 15 bishops. And he was buried beside the body of blessed Peter on the sixth day before the Kalends of November. The episcopate was vacant for 19 days. 7. ALEXANDER, of Roman birth, son of Alexander, from the region of Caput Tauri, sat for 12 years, 7 months, and 2 days. He was in the times of Trajan up to Aelianus and Vetus. He inserted the Passion of the Lord into the preaching of the priests. He was crowned with martyrdom. He instituted that the water of sprinkling be blessed with salt. He held three ordinations: 6 presbyters, 2 deacons, and 5 bishops.

He was buried on the Nomentan Way, where he was beheaded, on the fifth day before the Nones of May. The episcopate was vacant for 30 days. 8. SIXTUS, of Roman birth, son of Pastor, from the region of the Via Lata, sat for 10 years, 2 months, and 1 day. He was in the times of Hadrian up to Verus and Anniculus. He was crowned with martyrdom. He instituted that the sacred vessels should not be touched except by ministers. And that whatever bishop was devoted to the apostolic Roman see, returning to his own diocese, should not be received unless with a formed letter of greeting to the people from the apostolic see. And he instituted that within the canon of the Mass the priest should chant the hymn among the people: Holy, holy, holy. He held three ordinations: 11 presbyters, 3 deacons, and 3 bishops.

And he was buried beside the body of blessed Peter on the seventh day before the Kalends of April. The episcopate was vacant for 2 months. 9. TELESPHORUS, of Greek birth, formerly an anchorite, sat for 11 years, 2 months, and 21 days. He was in the times of Antoninus and Marcus. He instituted that a fast of seven weeks should be observed before Easter. He was crowned with martyrdom. He instituted that on the Nativity of our Lord Jesus Christ Masses should be celebrated at night, and that at the beginning of the sacrifice of the Mass the angelic hymn should be said: Glory to God in the highest — only on the night of the Lord's Nativity. He held four ordinations: 12 presbyters, 8 deacons, and 13 bishops. He was buried beside the body of blessed Peter on the fourth day before the Nones of January. And the episcopate was vacant for 7 days. 10. HYGINUS, of Greek birth, formerly a philosopher, from Athens, sat for 10 years, months

3 months and 7 days. He was in the times of Verus and Marcus, from the consulship of Magnus and Camerinus to Orfitus and Camerinus. He organized the clergy and distributed the grades. And he held three ordinations: 15 presbyters, 5 deacons, and 6 bishops. And he was buried beside the body of blessed Peter on the third day before the Ides of January. The episcopate was vacant for 3 days. 11. ANICETUS, of Syrian birth, son of John, of the village of Amisa, sat for 9 years and 3 months. He was in the times of Severus and Marcus, from the consulship of Gallicanus and Vetus to Praesens and Rufinus. He instituted that the clergy should not let their hair grow. He held five ordinations: 8 presbyters, 4 deacons, and 9 bishops. He was buried beside the body of blessed Peter on the twelfth day before the Kalends of May. The episcopate was vacant for 7 days. 12.

PIUS, of Italian birth, son of Rufinus, brother of Pastor, from the city of Aquileia, sat for 15 years, 4 months, and 21 days. He was in the times of Antoninus Pius, from the consulship of Clarus and Severus. Under his episcopate Hermas wrote a book, in which is contained the commandment which the angel of the Lord enjoined when he came to him in the garb of a shepherd, charging him that the holy Easter should be celebrated on the Lord's Day. He instituted that a heretic coming from the Jews should be received and baptized. He held five ordinations: 19 presbyters, 22 deacons, and 12 bishops. And he was buried beside the body of blessed Peter on the fifth day before the Ides of July. The episcopate was vacant for 14 days. 13. SOTER, of Campanian birth, son of Concordius, from the city of Fundi, sat for 8 years, 2 months, and 21 days.

He was in the times of Severus, from the consulship of Rusticus and Aquilinus to Cethegus and Clarus. He instituted that no monk should touch the consecrated altar-cloth nor place incense within the church. He held three ordinations: 19 presbyters, 9 deacons, and 11 bishops. He was buried beside the body of blessed Peter on the tenth day before the Kalends of May. The episcopate was vacant for 11 days. 14. ELEUTHERIUS, of Greek birth, his father Abundius, from the town of Nicopolis, sat for 15 years, 3 months, and 2 days. He was in the times of Antoninus and Commodus up to Paternus and Bradua. He received a letter from Lucius, a British king, that he might be made a Christian by his mandate.

And he instituted that no food should be rejected by Christians, especially the faithful, which God created, provided that they are rational. He held three ordinations: 12 presbyters, 8 deacons, and 15 bishops. And he was buried beside the body of blessed Peter on the ninth day before the Kalends of June. The episcopate was vacant for 16 days. 15. VICTOR, of African birth, his father Felix, sat for 15 years, 3 months, and 10 days. He was in the times of Caesar Augustus, from Commodus twice and Glabrio to Latero and Rufinus. He instituted that Easter should be celebrated on the Lord's Day, just as Eleutherius also had. He arranged the following clergy. He was crowned with martyrdom.

And he instituted that, when necessity required, wherever it might be found — whether in a river or in the sea or in a spring — provided only that the faith of the Christian had been declared, any of mankind coming from the pagans should be baptized. And he held a council concerning Easter, or concerning its first day, with Theophilus bishop of Alexandria, concerning the moon. He held two ordinations: 4 presbyters, 6 deacons, and 12 bishops. He too was buried beside the body of blessed Peter on the fifth day before the Kalends of August. The episcopate was vacant for 12 days. 16. ZEPHYRINUS, of Roman birth, his father Abundius, sat for 18 years, 3 months, and 10 days. He was in the times of Antoninus and Severus, from the consulship of Antoninus and Gallicanus to Praesens and Strictus as consuls.

He instituted that in the presence of all the clerics and faithful laity, whether a levite (deacon) or a priest should be ordained. And he made a constitution concerning the church and the glass patens, the priests carrying them before themselves in church and the ministers bearing them, while the bishop celebrated Mass, all the priests standing before him, and so Masses were celebrated; except that the right of the bishop should support him meanwhile among all the clergy present, that from that consecration the presbyter should receive from the hand of the bishop the already consecrated portion to be handed over to the people. He held four ordinations: 14 presbyters, 8 deacons, and 13 bishops. And he was buried in the cemetery beside the cemetery of Callixtus, on the Appian Way, on the eighth day before the Kalends of September. The episcopate was vacant for 5 days. 17.

CALLIXTUS, of Roman birth, son of Domitius, from the region of the Urbs Ravennatium, sat for 5 years, 11 months, and 10 days. He was in the times of Marinus and Theodoliobillus (Heliogabalus), from the consulship of Antoninus and Alexander. He was crowned with martyrdom. He instituted that the fast of the Ember Saturdays should be observed three times in the year — of grain, wine, and oil — according to the prophecy of the fourth, seventh, and tenth months. He built a basilica across the Tiber and a cemetery on the Appian Way, which is called that of Callixtus. He was also buried in the cemetery of Calepodius, on the Aurelian Way, at the third milestone, on the day before the Ides of October. He held five ordinations: 16 presbyters, 4 deacons, and 8 bishops. The episcopate was vacant for 16 days. 18. URBAN, of Roman birth, son of Pontianus, sat for 9 years, 1 month, and 2 days.

He instituted that the sacred vessels be made of silver and he placed 25 silver patens. He was also a renowned confessor in the times of Diocletian. He converted many to baptism, including Valerian the betrothed of Saint Cecilia. He held five ordinations: 19 presbyters, 7 deacons, and 8 bishops, and he was buried in the cemetery of Praetextatus on the fourteenth day before the Kalends of June. The episcopate was vacant for 30 days. 19. PONTIAN, of Roman birth, his father Calpurnius, sat for 5 years, 2 months, and 22 days. He was crowned with martyrdom. He was in the times of Alexander, from the consulship of Pompeianus and Pelianus. At that time bishop Pontian and Hippolytus the presbyter were sent into exile by Alexander to the island of Sardinia, to Bucina, in the consulship of Severus and Quintianus.

And there, beaten to death with clubs, he died on the sixth day before the Kalends of November. He held two ordinations: six priests, five deacons, seven bishops. Blessed Fabian recovered his body and buried it in the cemetery at the Catacombs. The episcopate was vacant ten days. (20) ANTERUS, of the Greek nation, son of Romulus, sat thirteen years, one month, nineteen days. He was crowned with martyrdom in the times of Maximinus, when Maximinus and Africanus were consuls. He sought out the deeds of the martyrs and stored them in the church. He was made a martyr on account of a certain Maximus, a priest. He ordained one bishop in the city of Fundi in Campania. He was buried in the cemetery of Calixtus on the third day before the Nones of January. The episcopate was vacant seven days. (21) FABIAN, of the Roman nation, son of Fabius, sat thirteen years, one month, ten days.

He was crowned with martyrdom. He flourished in the times of Maximus and Africanus down to the second consulship of Decius and to Quadratus. He divided the districts among the deacons and appointed seven subdeacons to oversee the seven notaries, so that they might faithfully gather the deeds of the martyrs. And he commanded that many structures be built throughout the cemeteries. He held five ordinations: twenty-two priests, eight deacons, thirteen bishops. He was buried in the cemetery of Calixtus on the thirteenth day before the Kalends of February. The episcopate was vacant seven days. (22) CORNELIUS, of the Roman nation, sat two years, three months, ten days. He was crowned with martyrdom. Under his episcopate Novatus ordained Novatian outside the church, and Nostratus in Africa.

When this was done, the confessors who had separated themselves from Cornelius together with the priest Maximus—who had been with Moses—returned to the church as faithful men. After this, Cornelius the bishop was driven to Centumcellae, and there he received a letter, written and sent by Cyprian, concerning the confirmation of his martyrdom, which Cyprian had written in prison, and also concerning Celerinus the lector. In his own times, at the request of a certain matron, he raised by night the bodies of the apostles Peter and Paul from the Catacombs; and first the body of blessed Paul, received by blessed Lucina, he placed on her own estate on the Ostian Way, near the place where he was beheaded;

and the body of blessed Peter, Cornelius the bishop received and placed it near the place where he was crucified, among the bodies of the holy bishops, in the temple of Apollo, on the Golden Mount, in the Vatican of the palace of Nero, on the third day before the Kalends of July. He held one ordination: eight priests. After this he went by night to Centumcellae. At that time Decius heard that he had received a letter from blessed Cyprian, bishop of Carthage; he had him brought from Centumcellae and ordered him to be presented to himself by night, saying to him: 'Is this how you have determined—neither to regard the gods, nor the precepts of your elders, nor to fear our threats—so that you receive and dispatch letters against the commonwealth?' Cornelius answered: 'I received letters concerning the Lord's crown, not against the commonwealth.'

Then Decius ordered his mouth to be beaten with leaded whips and that he be led to the temple of Mars, either to worship or to be beheaded: and so it was done. But blessed Lucina buried his body near the cemetery of Calixtus, on her own estate, on the eighteenth day before the Kalends of October. The episcopate was vacant sixty-six days. (23) LUCIUS, of the Roman nation, son of Porphyrius, sat three years, eight months, ten days. He was crowned with martyrdom. He flourished in the times of Gallus and Volusianus down to the third consulship of Valerian and to Gallicanus. By God's will he returned safely from exile to the church. He commanded that two priests and three deacons should not in any place forsake the bishop, for the sake of testimony. He was beheaded by Valerian on the fourth day before the Nones of March.

While he was proceeding to his passion, he gave authority to Stephen, the archdeacon of his church. He held two ordinations: four priests, four deacons, seven bishops. He was buried in the cemetery of Calixtus on the eighth day before the Kalends of September. The episcopate was vacant thirty-five days. (24) STEPHEN, of the Roman nation, son of Jovius, sat six years, two months, five days. He was crowned with martyrdom. He flourished in the times of Gallicanus and Maximus down to the third consulship of Valerian and the second of Gallicanus. He decreed that priests and Levites should not use the consecrated vestments in daily use, except in church. He held two ordinations: six priests, five deacons, two bishops. He was buried in the cemetery of Calixtus, on the Appian Way, on the fourth day before the Nones of August. The episcopate was vacant twenty-two days. (25)

XYSTUS, of the Roman nation, formerly a philosopher, sat one year, ten months, twenty-two days. He was crowned with martyrdom. He flourished in the times of Valerian, from the consulship of Maximus and Glabrio for the second time down to that of Tuscus and Bassus, until the thirteenth day before the Kalends of August, at which time there was a great persecution under Decius. And four days after the passion of this same blessed Xystus, Laurence his archdeacon suffered. He held two ordinations: four priests, seven deacons, two bishops. He too was buried in the cemetery of Calixtus, on the Appian Way. The episcopate was vacant two years. (26) DIONYSIUS, formerly a monk, whose lineage is held to be unknown, sat eight years, five months, four days. He flourished in the times of Gallienus, from the eleventh day before the Kalends of August, when Aemilianus and Bassus were consuls, down to the seventh day before the Kalends

of January, from the consulship of Claudius and Paternus. He divided the churches among the priests and established the cemeteries and the parishes of the diocese. He made seven bishops. He was buried in the cemetery of Calixtus on the fifth day before the Kalends of January. The episcopate was vacant five days. (27) FELIX, of the Roman nation, son of Constantius, sat four years, one month, twenty-five days. He was crowned with martyrdom. He flourished in the times of Claudius and Paternus down to the third consulship of Aurelian and to Concapitulinus. He decreed that Masses should be celebrated over the tombs of the martyrs. He held two ordinations: eight priests, three deacons, eleven bishops. He too was buried in his own cemetery, on the Aurelian Way, on the third day before the Kalends of June. The episcopate was vacant five days. (28)

EUTYCHIAN, of the Tuscan nation, son of Marinus, from the city of Luna, sat one year, one month, two days. He flourished in the times of Aurelian, from the consulship of Aurelian for the third time and Marcellinus down to the day of the Ides of December, when Carus for the second time and Carinus were consuls. He decreed that of the produce upon the altar only beans and grapes should be blessed. In his own times he buried with his own hand three hundred and forty-two martyrs in various places. He held five ordinations: fourteen priests, six deacons, nine bishops. He was buried in the cemetery of Calixtus on the eighth day before the Kalends of August. The episcopate was vacant eight days. (29) GAIUS, of the Dalmatian nation, of the family of the emperor Diocletian, son of Gaius, sat eleven years, four months, nine days. He flourished in the times of Carus and Carinus, from the sixteenth day before the Kalends of January,

from the consulship of Carus for the second time and Carinus down to the tenth day before the Kalends of May, when Diocletian for the sixth time and Constantius for the second time were consuls. He decreed that, if anyone deserved to be a bishop, he should ascend gradually from doorkeeper through each grade to the higher offices. He divided the districts among the deacons. Fleeing the persecution of Diocletian, dwelling in caves, he died as a confessor. He held four ordinations: sixteen priests, nine deacons, five bishops. He too was buried in the cemetery of Calixtus on the tenth day before the Kalends of May. And the episcopate was vacant eleven days. (30) MARCELLINUS, of the Roman nation, son of Projectus, sat eight years, two months, sixteen days. He flourished in the times of Diocletian and Maximian, from the tenth day before the Kalends of July,

from the consulship of Diocletian and Constantius for the second time down to that of Diocletian for the ninth time and Maximian for the eighth, at which time there was a great persecution, so that within thirty days seventeen thousand persons were crowned with martyrdom. Concerning this matter, Marcellinus himself was led to sacrifice in order to offer incense, which he did. And after a few days, moved to penance, he was beheaded by the same Diocletian. And his body lay in a public square together with other martyrs, as an example to the Christians, for twenty-six days. Then Marcellus the priest gathered the bodies by night and buried them on the Salarian Way, in the cemetery of Priscilla, on the seventh day before the Kalends of May. He held two ordinations: four priests, two deacons, five bishops. The episcopate was vacant seven years, six months, twenty-five days, while Diocletian persecuted the Christians.

(31) MARCELLUS, of the Roman nation, son of Marcellus, sat five years, seven months, twenty-one days. He flourished in the times of Maxentius, from the consulship of Maxentius for the fourth time and Maximus down to the period after the consulship. He made a cemetery on the Salarian Way and established twenty-five title-churches in Rome, as it were dioceses, for the sake of baptism and penance and the burial of martyrs. He ordained twenty-five priests, two deacons, twenty-one bishops. He too was buried in the cemetery of Priscilla on the seventeenth day before the Kalends of February. The episcopate was vacant twenty-one days. (32) EUSEBIUS, of the Greek nation, formerly a physician, sat six years, one month, three days. He flourished in the times of Constantine. At that time the cross of the Lord was found. He discovered heretics in Rome. He held three ordinations: thirteen priests, three deacons, fourteen bishops.

He was buried in the cemetery of Calixtus on the fifth day before the Nones of October. The episcopate was vacant seven days. (33) MILTIADES, of the African nation, sat four years, from the consulship of Maximinus for the ninth time down to that of Maxentius for the second time, when Volusianus and Rufinus were consuls. He decreed that on no account should any of the faithful keep a fast on the Lord's Day or on the fifth weekday, because the pagans used to observe these days as a sacred fast. And the Manichaeans were discovered in the city. From that same time he ordained that the consecrated offerings should be sent throughout the churches from the bishop's consecration, which is called the leaven. He held one ordination: four priests, four deacons, eleven bishops. He was buried in the cemetery of Calixtus on the fourth day before the Ides of February. The episcopate was vacant sixteen days. (34)

SILVESTER, of the Roman nation, son of Rufinus, sat twenty-two years, ten months, eleven days. He flourished in the times of Constantine and Volusianus, from the day of the Kalends of February to the day of the Kalends of January, when Constantius and Volusianus were consuls. He was in exile on Mount Soracte, harassed by the persecution of Constantine, and afterward, returning with glory, he baptized Constantine Augustus. He made a constitution concerning the whole church. And a council was held with his consent at Nicaea in Bithynia, with three hundred and eighteen bishops, and of these the signatures ran forth—the others, two hundred and eight weaker ones, who set forth the entire faith and condemned Arius, Photinus, and Sabellius. In the city of Rome he gathered two hundred and seventy-seven bishops and condemned Calixtus, Arius, and Photinus.

And he decreed that the chrism should be confected by the bishop, and granted the bishops the privilege of signing the baptized, on account of heretical persuasion; and that no layman should bring an accusation against a cleric; that the deacons should use dalmatics; that the sacrifice of the altar should not be celebrated upon silk or upon dyed cloth, but upon linen, just as the body of the Lord was buried in a linen shroud. He decreed that, if anyone desired to serve in the church, he should be a lector for thirty years, an exorcist for thirty days, an acolyte for five years, a subdeacon for five years, a deacon for seven years, a priest for three years—proven in every respect—and so ascend to the episcopate; that no one should usurp a higher or prior position, and that no cleric or member of the faithful should contradict.

He held six ordinations in the month of December: forty-two priests, thirty-six deacons, sixty-five bishops. In his times Constantine Augustus built the Constantinian basilica and others, which he also adorned; there he placed gifts: a vaulted ceiling of gold, and gave there—both in the vessels of the sanctuary and in various objects—four hundred and eighty-two pounds of gold, seven thousand six hundred and twenty-six pounds of silver, seven candelabra of brass overlaid with silver, each weighing three hundred pounds, and spices each year amounting to one hundred and fifty pounds; and he established there for the lights estates yielding each year one thousand five hundred solidi. But for the font in which Constantine Augustus was baptized

by holy Silvester—which is of porphyry stone—he placed there as ornaments eighty-two pounds of gold, three thousand eight hundred and thirteen pounds of silver, a golden censer with leek-green gems weighing forty-eight pounds, balsam for the light on the days of Easter to the amount of two hundred pounds; estates for the lights at that very font, yielding each year seven thousand six hundred and twenty-two solidi. In his times Constantine Augustus, at the request of Silvester, built a basilica for blessed Peter, and thus enclosed the casket with the body of Saint Peter: he sealed it on every side with bronze, five feet on each part, and adorned it above with porphyry columns and other glazed ones, which he brought from Greece.

He also made the vaulted ceiling at the far end of the basilica gleam with gold, and above the body, over the bronze that he had enclosed, he set a cross of gold weighing one hundred and fifty pounds; on it, in the spot, was the inscription: 'Constantine Augustus and Helena Augusta [adorn] this royal house, a hall flashing with like radiance,'—written in pure niello letters upon that very cross. He made seven candelabra of brass overlaid with silver, each weighing three hundred pounds.

Likewise among the gifts which Constantine Augustus offered to blessed Peter through the diocese of the East, yielding each year three thousand seven hundred and eighty-nine solidi and one tremissis: balsam two hundred and fifteen pounds, oil of nard eight hundred pounds, Cyprian oil one hundred pounds, spices six hundred and fifty pounds, pepper fifty medimni, cloves fifty pounds, saffron one hundred pounds, fine linen one hundred (loads), one thousand and twenty-two bundles of papyrus, one thousand rolls of papyrus. At that time Constantine built a basilica for blessed Paul, whose body he likewise enclosed as he had that of blessed Peter, and to which basilica he offered this gift: all the vessels of gold and silver and bronze, and he placed a golden cross over the spot, just as in the basilica of blessed Peter.

But the estates yielding each year four thousand and seventy (solidi): balsam fifty pounds, oil of nard two hundred pounds, spices one hundred and seventy pounds, cassia fifty pounds, storax thirty pounds, oil of myrrh one hundred and fifty pounds, five hundred bundles of papyrus, three hundred sacks of linen. At that time blessed Constantine Augustus built a basilica in the Sessorian palace, where he enclosed a piece of the wood of the holy cross in gold and gems. There too he dedicated the name Jerusalem. And he constructed many other churches of the saints, namely: the church of holy Agnes the martyr, the basilica of Saint Laurence the martyr, the basilica of the blessed martyrs Marcellinus the priest and Peter the exorcist between the two laurels, where also his mother Helena Augusta is buried;

in the city of Ostia, a basilica for blessed John the Baptist. He also built a basilica in the city of Albanum; within the city of Capua a basilica, which he also named the Constantinian; he also built a basilica in the city of Naples. All these basilicas which Constantine Augustus constructed he adorned abundantly with gold and silver, and endowed them with no small possessions in various provinces. And blessed Silvester the bishop ordained, in the month of December, forty-four priests, twenty-six deacons, and at various times and places sixty-five bishops. He was buried on the Salarian Way, in the cemetery of Priscilla, at the third milestone from the city of Rome, on the day before the Kalends of January. And the episcopate was vacant eight days. (35) MARK, of the Roman nation, son of Priscus, sat two years, eight

months, twenty days. He flourished in the times of Constantine and Nepotianus, when Facundus was consul, from the day of the Kalends of February to the third day before the Kalends of October. He decreed that the bishop of Ostia, who consecrates the bishop [of Rome], should use the pallium and should be consecrated by that same bishop of the city of Rome. He held two ordinations: twenty-six priests, six deacons, seventeen bishops. He was buried in the cemetery of Balbina on the day before the Nones of October. The episcopate was vacant twenty days. (36) JULIUS, of the Roman nation, son of Rusticus, sat fifteen years, two months, seven days. He flourished in the times of Constantine and Felicianus and Maximinus. He decreed that no cleric should plead a case in public. He held three ordinations: eighteen priests, four deacons, nine bishops.

He was buried in the cemetery of Calepodius. The episcopate was vacant twenty-five days. (37) LIBERIUS, of the Roman nation, son of Augustus, sat six years, three months, eight days. He flourished in the times of Constantius. He was condemned to exile by Constantius, because he had refused to consent to the Arian heresy, and he spent three years there. Then, with the counsel of the priests, he ordained Felix, a priest, as bishop in his place. Then the aforesaid Felix in his council, together with forty-eight bishops, condemned two priests, Ursacius and Valens, because they consented to Constantius in the heresy.

After a few days, moved by zeal, Ursacius and Valens asked Constantius Augustus to recall Liberius from exile and to admit him to communion only—provided he did not rebaptize. Liberius consented to this. And when he had been recalled from exile, he dwelt in the cemetery of holy Agnes, with the sister of Constantius Augustus, so that as it were at her request he might return to the city; but she would not plead for him, because she was faithful in Christ. Then Constantius, with Ursacius and Valens and others who were of the Arian dregs, recalled Liberius to Rome; and a council having been held with the heretics, they cast Felix out of the episcopate. He dwelt on his own little estate, where he also rested in peace on the fourth day before the Kalends of August. Liberius entered the city on the fourth day before the Nones of August,

and consented to the heretic Constantius; yet Liberius was not rebaptized. Then a great persecution arose in Rome, so that the Catholic clergy had no entrance into the churches or the baths. And so all the years of Felix are reckoned within the reign of this man. He held two ordinations: eighteen priests, five deacons, eight bishops. He too was buried in the cemetery of Priscilla on the fifth day before the Ides of September. The episcopate was vacant six days. (38) FELIX, of the Roman nation, son of Anastasius, sat one year, three months, two days. He declared Constantius a heretic and rebaptized. He was crowned with martyrdom; and he built a basilica on the Aurelian Way, where he also rests. He held one ordination: twenty-one priests, five deacons, eighteen bishops. He was buried on the seventeenth day before the Kalends of December.

The episcopate was vacant thirty-eight days. (39) DAMASUS, of the Spanish nation, son of Antonius, sat eighteen years, three months, eleven days. He flourished in the times of Julian. He dedicated the burial-place at the Catacombs, where the bodies of the apostles Peter and Paul had lain, which he also adorned with verses. He was accused of adultery and, a synod having been held, was cleared by forty-four bishops, who also condemned the deacons Concordius and Calixtus, his accusers, and cast them out of the church. He held five ordinations: thirty-one priests, eleven deacons, forty-one bishops. He too was buried on the Ardeatine Way, in the basilica which he himself built, on the third day before the Ides of December. The episcopate was vacant twenty-six days. (40) SIRICIUS, of the Roman nation, son of Tiburtius, sat fifteen years.

He made a constitution concerning the church and dispatched it throughout the provinces. And he decreed that, without the bishop's consecration of the place, it should not be lawful for any priest to consecrate. He decreed that a heretic should be reconciled by the laying on of the hand. He held five ordinations: thirty-one priests, sixteen deacons, thirty-two bishops. He too was buried in the cemetery of Priscilla on the eighth day before the Kalends of March. And the episcopate was vacant twenty days. (41) ANASTASIUS, of the Roman nation, son of Maximus, sat three years, twenty-seven days. He decreed that, when the Gospels are read, the priests should not sit, but should stand bowed; and he decreed that no cleric from overseas should be received, unless he produced the signed document of five bishops, on account of the Manichaeans. He held two ordinations: priests

nine, deacons five, bishops eleven. He was buried at Ursus Pileatus on the fifth day before the Kalends of May. The episcopate was vacant twenty-one days. (42) INNOCENT, of the Albanian nation, son of Innocentius, sat fifteen years, two months, twenty-two days. He decreed that the Sabbath should be observed as a fast, because on the Sabbath the Lord was laid in the tomb and the disciples fasted. He held four ordinations: thirty priests, twelve deacons, fifty-four bishops. He was buried at Ursus Pileatus on the fifth day before the Kalends of July. The episcopate was vacant twenty-two days. (43) ZOSIMUS, of the Greek nation, son of Abramius, sat seven years, nine months, twenty-four days.

He made a constitution that the deacons should have their left arms covered with linen palls throughout the parishes, and that the wax should be blessed, and that no cleric should drink in a public tavern, except only in the cells of the faithful, chiefly of the clergy. He held one ordination: ten priests, three deacons, nine bishops. He was buried beside the body of blessed Laurence the martyr on the seventh day before the Kalends of January. And the episcopate was vacant eleven days. (44) BONIFACE, of the Roman nation, son of Jocundus the priest, sat three years, eight months, six days. He was ordained amid contention with Eulalius, and there was dissension in the clergy for four months and fifteen days.

And a synod having been held, Eulalius was deposed by fifty-two priests, because he had been ordained unjustly, and by the consent of all Boniface sat as prelate, and Eulalius was established as bishop in the city of Nepesina. He decreed that no women should touch the consecrated pall or place incense in the church except a minister; nor should a slave be made a cleric, nor one bound to the curia or to any obligation. He held one ordination: thirteen priests, three deacons, thirty-six bishops. He too was buried in the cemetery of holy Felicitas on the eighth day before the Kalends of November. The episcopate was vacant nine days. (45) CELESTINE, of the Campanian nation, son of Priscus, sat nine years, ten months, seventeen days.

He decreed that the one hundred and fifty psalms should be sung before the sacrifice, which was not done before, but only the epistle of the apostle Paul and the holy Gospel were recited, and the Masses were performed. He held three ordinations: thirty-two priests, twelve deacons, forty-six bishops. He was buried in the cemetery of Priscilla on the eighth day before the Ides of April. And the episcopate was vacant twenty-one days. (46) XYSTUS, of the Roman nation, son of Xystus, sat eight years, nineteen days. He was accused by a certain Bassus; and by the command of Valentinian Augustus, with great examination, a synod having been held, he was cleared by fifty-six bishops, and they cast Bassus out of communion. He built a basilica of holy Mary near the Macellum of Livia and adorned the confessio of blessed Peter the apostle with silver.

In his times Valentinian Augustus adorned the basilicas of blessed Peter and Paul with much gold and silver, and in the Constantinian basilica he made a silver fastigium, which had been carried off by the barbarians, and in many other Roman basilicas Valentinian Augustus offered many gifts. He held three ordinations: twenty-eight priests, twenty-two deacons, fifty-two bishops. He too was buried on the Tiburtine Way, at Saint Laurence's. And the episcopate was vacant twenty-two days. (47) LEO, of the Tuscan nation, son of Quintianus, sat twenty-one years, one month, thirteen days. He restored the ministries of the Roman church after the Vandal war.

He, together with many bishops, set forth the right Catholic faith—which today is kept in the archive of the Roman church—on account of the heresy of Eutyches and Nestorius, who were condemned in his times. He held seven ordinations: seventy-seven priests, thirty deacons, one hundred and seventy-five bishops. He restored the basilica of blessed Peter and of blessed Paul the apostles after the divine fire; he also built many basilicas. For the sake of the Roman name he went to Attila, king of the Huns, and delivered all Italy. He established a monastery beside blessed Peter the apostle. He decreed that within the Action the words 'holy sacrifice' and the rest should be said. He decreed that a nun should not receive the blessing of the veil for her head unless she had been proven in virginity for forty years.

He decreed that there should be guardians over the sepulchre, who are called chamberlains (cubicularii). He too was buried in the basilica of blessed Peter on the third day before the Ides of April. The episcopate was vacant seven days. (48) HILARY, of the Sardinian nation, son of Crispinus, sat six years, three months, ten days. He made many vessels and various ornaments for the apostles Peter and Paul, and he adorned the Constantinian, Saint Laurence's, and holy Mary's. He held one ordination: twenty-five priests, six deacons, twenty-two bishops. He too was buried at Saint Laurence's, beside the body of Saint Xystus. And the episcopate was vacant ten days. (49) SIMPLICIUS, of the Tiburtine nation, son of Castinus, sat fifteen years, one month, seven days.

He established weekly turns at Saint Peter's, at Saint Paul's, and at Saint Laurence's, so that priests should remain there for the sake of baptism and of those seeking penance: from the third region at Saint Laurence's, from the first region at Saint Paul's, from the seventh region at Saint Peter's. He held three ordinations: fifty-eight priests, eleven deacons, eighty-two bishops. He was buried at blessed Peter's on the sixth day before the Nones of March. The episcopate was vacant six days. (50) FELIX, of the Roman nation, son of Felix the priest, sat eight years, eleven months, seventeen days. He held two ordinations: twenty-eight priests, five deacons, thirty-one bishops. He was buried at blessed Paul's. The episcopate was vacant five days. (51) GELASIUS, of the African nation, son of Valerius, sat

four years, eight months. He flourished in the times of King Theoderic and of Zeno Augustus. He wrote five books against Nestorius and Eutyches; he also composed hymns in the manner of blessed Ambrose; he wrote two books against Arius, and he composed prefaces for the sacraments in a careful style and letters of the faith in a polished style. He held two ordinations: thirty-two priests, two deacons, sixty-seven bishops. He too was buried at blessed Peter's on the eleventh day before the Kalends of December. The episcopate was vacant seven days. (52) ANASTASIUS, of the Roman nation, son of Peter, sat one year, eleven months, twenty-four days. He made the confessio of blessed Laurence.

From him many of the clergy and priests withdrew from communion, because he had communicated, without their counsel, with a deacon of Thessalonica named Photinus. He held one ordination: eleven priests, eight bishops. He was buried at blessed Peter's on the thirteenth day before the Kalends of December. The episcopate was vacant six days. (53) SYMMACHUS, of the Sardinian nation, son of Fortunatus, sat fifteen years, six months, twenty-seven days. He flourished in the times of the heretic Theoderic and of Anastasius Augustus. He loved the clergy and the poor; and with him Laurentius was ordained amid contention for the episcopate. And the contention having arisen, they determined that both should proceed to Ravenna to the judgment of King Theoderic.

When they had arrived, this judgment of equity was found: that whoever had been ordained first, or where the greater part consented, he should sit in the apostolic see; and this equity was found in favor of Symmachus. Then blessed Pope Symmachus, out of mercy, established Laurentius as bishop in the city of Nuceria. But after four years, certain men of the clergy and certain men of the senate, moved by zeal, brought charges against Symmachus; they sent to the heretic King Theoderic, accusing blessed Symmachus; and secretly they recalled Laurentius to Rome; and they made a schism, and a certain party separated itself from the communion of Symmachus, requesting from the heretic king Peter of Altinum as a visitor.

Then blessed Symmachus gathered one hundred and fifteen bishops, and a synod having been held, he was cleared of the false charge, and Peter of Altinum and Laurentius of Nuceria were condemned; but Symmachus with great honor sat in his see. Then Festus the patrician began within the city to commit slaughter among the clergy who held communion with blessed Symmachus, and, dragging the consecrated holy women from their dwellings, stripping the female sex, beating them with clubs, he there killed many priests. Now blessed Symmachus held office from the consulship of Paulinus to the consulship of Senator, from the tenth day before the Kalends of December to the thirteenth day before the Kalends of August. He built the basilica of Saint Andrew the apostle at Saint Peter's and adorned both it and many others with much gold and silver.

He was a builder of churches; he enlarged the clergy and tripled the gift of the presbytery, and tripled the clothing and provisions for the poor, and many other good things which it would be long to recount. He held four ordinations: ninety-eight priests, sixteen deacons, one hundred and eighteen bishops. He too was buried at blessed Peter's on the fourth day before the Kalends of August. The episcopate was vacant six days. (54) HORMISDAS, of the Campanian nation, son of Justus, from the city of Frisino, sat nine years, seventeen days. He had contests through his letters against the heretic emperor Anastasius. Among the many other things which Anastasius sent to him, he wrote this, saying: 'We wish to command, not to be commanded.' Struck by a divine bolt of lightning, he perished.

So Justin, an orthodox man, took up the imperial power and sent envoys to the Apostolic See. Now Pope Hormisdas made for the Roman Church, throughout many basilicas, diverse ornaments of gold and silver. He performed ordinations of presbyters and bishops in various places. He was also buried near blessed Peter on the eighth day before the Ides of August, in the consulship of Maximus the younger. And the episcopate was vacant for six days. LV. JOHN, Tuscan by birth, son of Constantius, sat two years, seven months, and fifteen days, from the consulship of Maximus to the consulship of Olybrius the younger. King Theodoric, making a request, sent him on an embassy to the emperor Justin, because Justin, out of his supreme love for the Christian religion, wished to destroy the heretics; and on that account King Theodoric, enraged, wished to destroy the Christians of Italy.

Then Pope John with weeping, and religious men of consular rank, received this as the charge of their embassy: that the churches should be restored to the heretics in the regions of the Greeks; and if this were not so done, King Theodoric would destroy all Italy by the sword. When all the aforesaid had entered Constantinople together with Pope John, they came to meet them at the twelfth milestone, in honour of the apostles, longing—since after the time of blessed Pope Sylvester in the days of Constantine they had been deemed worthy—to receive in the parts of Greece the vicar of Saint Peter. And Justin Augustus venerated blessed John, at whose hands he was crowned. Then he granted the petitions of Theodore, an illustrious man, together with the other nobles who had come with blessed Pope John:

for the sake of Roman blood he restored to the heretics their churches. But while Bishop John, together with the illustrious men, was set in Constantinople, King Theodoric seized two senators, Boethius and the patrician Symmachus, slew them with the sword, and ordered them to be hidden away. When Pope John returned with the aforesaid illustrious men, they were received by Theodoric in treachery: he wished to put them to the sword, but, fearing Justin Augustus, he nevertheless wore them all out in custody, so that blessed John, wasted away in confinement, died at Ravenna on the fifteenth day before the Kalends of June. Then, ninety-eight days later, King Theodoric, struck by a thunderbolt, perished. Now blessed John brought from Greece gold, gems, and silver, and adorned many basilicas.

He performed ordinations of bishops in various places. And the episcopate was vacant for fifty-eight days. LVI. FELIX, of Samnium by birth, son of Castorius, sat four years, two months, and thirteen days, from the consulship of Maburtus to the consulship of Lampadius and Orestes, from the fourth day before the Ides of July to the fourth day before the Ides of October. He too was ordained by command of King Theodoric, and died in the time of King Athalaric, on the fourth day before the Ides of October in the consulship aforesaid. He was buried near blessed Peter. The episcopate was vacant for three days. He held two ordinations: fifty-two presbyters, four deacons, in the month of February; twenty-nine bishops.