Commentary on Revelation & Paul 23

From the eighteenth consulate of Theodosius the Younger, Victor, bishop of the Church of Tunnuna in Africa, continues the history where Prosper left off. In the consulate of Theodosius (for the eighteenth time) and Albinus (A.D. 444), a deacon received the episcopate of the Church of Antioch after John. In the consulate of Actius (for the third time) and Symmachus (A.D. 446). In the consulate of Callipius and Ardabur (A.D. 447), Eutyches, a presbyter and archimandrite of a certain monastery at Constantinople, appeared, who founded the heresy called by his name. For he asserted that our Lord Jesus Christ was born of Mary, ever-virgin mother, in such a way that he confessed nothing of human nature in Him.

When he was summoned to a synodal conference convened at Constantinople, over which the holy Flavian, bishop of that city, presided, since he refused to confess Christ in two natures after the nativity from the Virgin, and to confess Him to be substantial with us according to the flesh, he incurred condemnation together with his own error; and this condemnation the holy pontiff of Rome confirmed by apostolic authority. This took place under the patronage of the emperor Theodosius, with Leo of Rome, Dioscorus of Alexandria, the deacon of Antioch, Juvenal of Jerusalem, and Flavian of Constantinople as prelates of their sees. In the consulate of Posthumianus and Zeno (A.D. 448).

The second general synod is gathered at Ephesus, in which Dioscorus of Alexandria, usurping the primacy for himself by imperial favor, absolved Eutyches after his lawful condemnation, and condemned his detractors, the teachers of the two natures in Christ—Flavian of Constantinople, Eusebius of Dorylaeum, Theodoret of Cyrus, Ibas of Edessa, and the other prelates—by an impious authority, even the legates of the apostolic see contradicting him; and he swayed the whole synod to favor himself by the sedition of monks and by military violence. In the consulate of Asturius and Protogenes (A.D. 449).

Attila, king of the Huns, after he had been overcome in battle by the generals of the emperor Valentinian and put to flight, recovered his strength and pressed on toward Italy with intolerable force; and the calamities of this the Roman commonwealth lulled by making a wounding peace. But this Attila, when he had received the embassy of pope Leo, not only ceased from the devastation of the commonwealth, but, peace being granted, withdrew beyond the Danube. In the consulate of Valentinian (for the seventh time) and Avienus (A.D. 450). The emperor Theodosius died at Constantinople in the sixty-second year of his life. Chrysaphius, the emperor's chamberlain, having made ill use of his friendship with Eutyches, was killed; and Marcian, by the consent of the whole commonwealth, was made emperor, the forty-seventh of the Romans, and reigned five years and six months.

He, at the very outset of his reign, providing for the peace of the Churches, announced by imperial authority that a synod should be held at Chalcedon. Anatolius received the presidency of the Church of Constantinople after Flavian. In the consulate of Marcian Augustus, on the eighth of the Kalends of October (A.D. 451), with Leo of Rome, Dioscorus of Alexandria, Maximus of Antioch, Juvenal of Jerusalem, and Anatolius of Constantinople as prelates, a general synod of 632 bishops is gathered at Chalcedon, where the second synod of Ephesus—not to be called a synod at all—is repudiated. Eutyches, together with his patron Dioscorus, bishop of Alexandria, and with Nestorius, is condemned;

and the catholic prelates unjustly condemned by that same Dioscorus in the aforesaid second synod of Ephesus are absolved, and the faith of the holy Fathers who met at Nicaea, Constantinople, and the first Ephesus—the holy synods—is expounded. When these matters had thus been defined and confirmed by the subscriptions of the whole synod, and Eusebius of Dorylaeum, Theodoret of Cyrus, and Ibas of Edessa had been restored to their own Churches, and those whom the heretic Dioscorus had substituted for them had been driven out, all things pertaining to the state of the Church were arranged, and they received a ratified conclusion. In the consulate of Opilio and Vincomalus (A.D. 453). Dioscorus being relegated into exile at Gangra, Proterius received the presidency of the Church of Alexandria. At that time Attila died,

and while his sons fought over his kingdom, the Huns were laid waste, and thereafter diminished. In the consulate of Aetius and Studius (A.D. 454). Aetius the patrician, first struck by the hand of the emperor Valentinian within the palace, was killed by a cruel death by the swords of the bystanders; and Boethius the prefect was likewise slain. In the consulate of Valentinian (for the eighth time) and Anthemius (A.D. 455). The emperor Valentinian was slain at Rome in the Campus Martius by the treachery of the patrician Maximus and of Heraclius the chamberlain; and this same Maximus, from being consul and patrician, took upon himself the empire for seventy days. Thus the evil that had lain hidden came to light. Soon, not permitting the widowed Augusta of Valentinian to mourn the death of her husband, he took her in marriage.

But worse evils followed these, since he dreaded the coming of Genseric, king of the Vandals, and granted leave to all who wished to withdraw from the City; and before he could take the flight he was planning, he was killed, cut limb from limb, and cast into the river Tiber. In the consulate of Aetius and Studius, and under the prefects. On the third day after Maximus was slain, Genseric, king of the Vandals, entered the city of Rome and for fourteen days stripped it of all its wealth, and carried off from there the daughters and wife of Valentinian and many thousands of captives. But that he refrained from burning, torture, and the sword, the intercession of pope Leo brought about. Also on the seventy-fifth day of this captivity, Avitus, a man of complete simplicity, took up the empire in Gaul. In the consulate of John and Varanes.

(A.D. 456). The patrician Ricimer overcame Avitus, and sparing his innocence, made him bishop of the city of Placentia. In the consulate of Constantine and Rufus (A.D. 457). Marcian, emperor of the East, died at Constantinople, and in his place Leo was made emperor, the forty-eighth of the Romans. Leo reigned sixteen years. Alexandria and Egypt, languishing in the error of Dioscorus, did not receive the decrees of the Council of Chalcedon. The Dioscorian populace, raising a sedition at the instigation of Timothy surnamed the Weasel, killed Proterius, the prelate successor of Dioscorus and guardian of the decrees of the Council of Chalcedon, on the sixth of the Kalends of April (of the year 457), on the sixth weekday of the last week of the fasts, the day on which our Savior and Lord was crucified by the Jews.

For then the Lord's Pasch was celebrated on the fourth of the Kalends of April. Proterius thus being slain, the aforesaid Timothy, surnamed the Weasel, a detractor of the Council of Chalcedon, seized upon his episcopate and Church. In the consulate of Leo Augustus (A.D. 458). Majorian took up the empire at Rome. Timothy, the intruder of the Church of Alexandria, persecuted the defenders of the Council of Chalcedon. In the consulate of Patricius and Ricimer (A.D. 459). Juvenal, bishop of Jerusalem, is armed with letters of Leo, the prelate of Rome, against the error of Eutyches and Dioscorus. In the consulate of Magnus and Apollonius (A.D. 460). Timothy the bishop, murderer of the bishop Proterius, by the command of the emperor Leo is forcibly seized from the see of the Church of Alexandria and relegated into exile at Cherson;

and after five months another Timothy, surnamed Salofaciolus, a defender of the Council of Chalcedon, was ordained bishop in his place for that same Church of Alexandria. In the consulate of Dagalaifus and Severinus (A.D. 461). In the consulate of Leo Augustus (for the second time, A.D. 462) and Vivianus, vir clarissimus (A.D. 463). After Capreolus, Quodvultdeus Eugenius was ordained bishop of the Church of Carthage. In the consulate of Olybrius and Rusticus (A.D. 464). Genseric, king of the Vandals, after the slaughter of many provinces and the spoiling and killing of the Christian people in Africa, died in the fortieth year of his reign. After him his son Huneric reigned seven years and five months. To this Huneric his father Genseric gave in marriage the daughter of Valentinian, whom he had carried off as a captive from Rome.

In the consulate of Herminericus and Basiliscus (A.D. 465). Alexander received the episcopate of the Church of Antioch after Maximus. Anastasius presides over the Church of Jerusalem after Juvenal. In the consulate of Leo Augustus (for the third time, A.D. 466). Huneric, king of the Vandals, stirred up by Arian fury, persecuted the catholics throughout Africa more than his father: he takes away the churches of the Christians, and sends the catholic priests into exile. In the consulate of Pusaeus and John (A.D. 467). A sign appeared in the sky out of a cloud, like a spear, for ten days. Anthemius took up the empire at Rome. In the consulate of Leo (for the fourth time) and Anthemius (A.D. 468). Leo Augustus,

moved by the supplications of the Egyptians that a synod be held which should pass judgment on the acts of the Council of Chalcedon, in order to ascertain the faith of each, wrote separately to the prelates of the Churches, to each one apart; and he received from each their letters, agreeing as if from a single conference, that this could in no way be done, but that rather the acts of the Council of Chalcedon should remain more and more in their perpetuity. Those exist which are called in the Greek tongue. In the consulate of Zeno and Marcian (A.D. 469). Hilary received the episcopate of the Church of Rome after Leo. In the consulate of Jordanes and Severus (A.D. 470). Leo Augustus made Patricius, son of Aspar, a Caesar. In the consulate of Leo Augustus (for the fifth time) and Probinus (A.D. 471).

Aspar and his two sons, Patricius the Caesar and Ardaburius, were killed at Constantinople by the command of Leo Augustus. In the consulate of Leo (for the sixth time) and Probinus (A.D. 473). Leo Augustus made his grandson Leo, son of Zeno and of his own daughter's wife, a Caesar, and he reigns one year. After Hilary, Simplicius was ordained bishop of the Church of Rome, and after Simplicius, Felix. Gennadius succeeds Anatolius in the episcopate of the Church of Constantinople, and Acacius succeeds Gennadius. Martyrius is ordained bishop of the Church of Antioch after Alexander, and Julian after Martyrius. Martyrius is ordained bishop of the Church of Jerusalem after Anastasius. In these consulates Olybrius came to Rome and took the empire by the faction of the patrician Ricimer, while Anthemius was reigning.

When this became known, Anthemius, turned to flight, was slain; and after certain days Herculanus, son of Orestes, seizing the empire, was killed together with his father; and his nephew took over his kingdom. In the consulate of Leo the Younger Augustus (A.D. 474). Leo the Elder Augustus died at Constantinople. Zeno was crowned by Leo Augustus, his son, at the Seventh (Milestone), contrary to custom. Zeno, the forty-ninth of the Romans (A.D. 475), reigns seventeen years after the consulate of Leo the Younger Augustus. The emperor Zeno, seeking to kill Leo Augustus his own son and to seize his empire, his wife Ariadne Augusta offered up in his place another boy resembling him to death, and secretly tonsured that same Leo Augustus, and made him a cleric of a certain church of Constantinople.

This Leo lived until the time of the emperor Justinian. In the same consulate, Basiliscus with his son Marcus seized the empire at Constantinople in most tyrannical fashion. Zeno Augustus fled into Isauria, whence he had sprung, and Ariadne Augusta followed after him by a sea voyage amid the peril of winter. In these consulates the tyrant Basiliscus, having issued a law, commanded that the Council of Chalcedon be condemned, and that the second synod of Ephesus be absolved and received. Timothy the bishop, surnamed the Weasel, both successor and murderer of Proterius, returned from exile at Cherson; and having put to flight the other bishop Timothy, surnamed Salofaciolus, a defender of the Council of Chalcedon, he even invaded the Church of Alexandria. In the consulate of the tyrant Basiliscus and Armatus.

(A.D. 476). Zeno Augustus, in the twentieth month, an army having been given to him, returned from Isauria to Constantinople; he resumed the empire, and sent Basiliscus with his sons and wife into exile at Sasima in Cappadocia, where he wretchedly ended his life. Amid these things that were done, because no consul acceded (A.D. 477), and the tyrant Basiliscus had withdrawn from the consulate, Armatus remained consul for the present year. After the consulate of Armatus, vir clarissimus (A.D. 478), Timothy the Weasel, detractor of the Council of Chalcedon and murderer of the bishop Proterius, died; and another Timothy, Salofaciolus, defender of the Council of Chalcedon, resumed the presidency of the Church of Alexandria. Sallustius thus succeeds Martyrius as bishop of the Church of Jerusalem;

but Peter, surnamed Fullo, is ordained bishop of the Church of Antioch after Julian, who had succeeded Martyrius. In the consulate of Zeno Augustus (A.D. 479). Huneric, king of the Vandals, pressing a persecution too fiercely throughout all Africa, in Tubunae, Macri, Nippis, and other parts of the desert, relegated to harsher exiles not only the catholic priests and clerics of every order, but also monks and laity, about four thousand, and made confessors and martyrs, and cut out the tongues of the confessors. That these confessors, with their tongues cut out, spoke perfectly to the very end of their lives, the royal city bears witness, where their bodies lie. Then Laetus, bishop of the Church of Neptis, was crowned with martyrdom on the eighth of the Kalends

of October; and Eugenius, bishop of the Church of Carthage, after dread exiles in the desert, is held renowned for very many afflictions and punishments. This Huneric thus, amid innumerable slaughters of his impieties which he exercised against the catholics, in the eighth year of his reign, with all his inward parts poured out, like Arius his father, ended his life wretchedly. Gunthamund succeeds him. He reigned twelve years; he at once recalled our people from exile. After the consulate of Zeno (for the third time, A.D. 480), Timothy surnamed Salofaciolus, defender of the Council of Chalcedon, died; and in his place John Tabennesiota, a presbyter and steward, defender of the Council of Chalcedon, was ordained bishop of the Church of Alexandria.

But Peter, who while the bishop Timothy Salofaciolus was still living had been ordained by the heretics, casting him out by the command of the emperor Zeno, invaded the Church of Alexandria. He, immediately with the favor of the emperor Zeno, condemned the Council of Chalcedon from the pulpit before the people; he removed the names of Proterius and Salofaciolus from the ecclesiastical diptychs, and inscribed those of Dioscorus and of the Weasel who killed Proterius; and casting the body of the aforesaid Timothy Salofaciolus out of the church, he threw it in a desert place outside the city. In the consulate of Trocundes, vir clarissimus (A.D. 482).

The emperor Zeno, lulled to sleep by the cup of the Eutychian error, associating Acacius, bishop of Constantinople, with the condemners of the Council of Chalcedon—Peter of Alexandria and Peter of Antioch—through the Henoticon put forth by himself, is polluted by their communion, and with them withdraws from the catholic faith. After the consulate of Trocundes, vir clarissimus (A.D. 483), the tyrant Leontius, by the faction of the patrician Illus, seizes the empire in Isauria with tyranny. In the consulate of Theodoritus, vir clarissimus (A.D. 484). Felix, prelate of the Church of Rome, writes to the monks and clerics dwelling throughout the East, Egypt, and Bithynia, that they should shun Peter, bishop of Alexandria, detractor of the Council of Chalcedon, and his communicants as heretics. After the consulate of Theodoritus, vir clarissimus (A.D.

485). The Eastern bishops, except a few, being polluted by the communion and consent of Zeno through the Henoticon, renounce the Council of Chalcedon on behalf of Peter of Alexandria, Peter of Antioch, and Acacius of Constantinople. In the consulate of Longinus, vir clarissimus (A.D. 486). Acacius, bishop of Constantinople, admonished by the letters of Felix, prelate of the Church of Rome, that he abstain from communion and fellowship with the condemners of the Council of Chalcedon, consigns his legates to custody. After the consulate of Longinus, vir clarissimus (A.D. 487), Acacius of Constantinople, Peter of Alexandria, and Peter of Antioch, bishops enemies of the Council of Chalcedon, are condemned by Felix, prelate of the Roman Church, and by a synod held in Italy;

and this very condemnation of Acacius, legates being sent to Constantinople, is thrust upon him through the monks of the Acoemete monasteries of Bassian and Dius. After the consulate of Longinus (for the second time), vir clarissimus (A.D. 488), the body of the holy apostle Barnabas was found in Cyprus, along with the Gospel according to Matthew written by his own hand, by his own revelation. The tyrants Leontius and Patricius (Illus), captured by the betrayal of a fortress, perished by a most shameful death. Peter of Antioch dies under condemnation, and in his place he ordains Calendio. But the Eastern bishops, as if ignorant, consecrate John surnamed Codonatus bishop for that same Church; whom the heretic Peter succeeded. In the consulate of Eusebius, vir clarissimus (A.D. 489).

Acacius, bishop of Constantinople, dies under condemnation, and in his place Flavian is ordained bishop; and when he died in the third month of his promotion, Euphemius, guardian of the decrees of the Council of Chalcedon, succeeds in the episcopate. After the consulate of Longinus (for the third time), vir clarissimus (A.D. 490), Peter, the intruder of the Church of Alexandria, dies under condemnation; whose episcopate and error alike Anastasius took up. Calendio, bishop of Antioch, gathers the relics of his predecessor Eustochius, bishop and confessor, from Philippopolis of Macedonia, and brings them to Antioch with the highest honor. At this time Annianus cures the gouty by prayer above the river Euphrates; Auxentius puts demons to flight;

Daniel and Anastasius, Vindemiolus, Manasses, Severus, and others in various places of the desert shone forth with divers virtues and with foreknowledge. In the consulate of Olybrius, vir clarissimus (A.D. 491). The emperor Zeno died at Constantinople in the forty-second year of his life. Ariadne Augusta, widow of Zeno, designates as emperor Anastasius the Silentiary, an Illyrian, whose father was of Dyrrachium and mother an Arian. But since the faith—nay rather the perfidy—of Anastasius was already well known far and wide from his father, he was compelled, at the insistence of Euphemius, bishop of Constantinople, to promise in writing to do nothing sinister against the apostolic faith and the Council of Chalcedon. Bishop Euphemius received the written pledge and placed it in the archive of the church. Anastasius, the fiftieth of the Romans, reigns twenty-seven years.

He, taking up the empire, violently recovers his written pledge from bishop Euphemius, and rages atrociously against the bishops who were defenders of the Council of Chalcedon; among whom, upon the death of Peter, bishop of Antioch—who had been ordained by the heretics in the times of the emperor Zeno while Calendio, defender of the Council of Chalcedon, was still surviving—he changes the sentence for the worse, so that Calendio indeed is led from evils to worse, and Palladius is ordained in his place. In the consulate of Anastasius and Rufus (A.D. 492). Gelasius succeeds Felix in the Church of Rome, and Anastasius succeeds Gelasius. But the heretic Athanasius presided over the Church of Alexandria. Over the Church of Antioch also, Palladius was made bishop while Calendio was still surviving, and Sallustius over that of Jerusalem.

Euphemius, bishop of Constantinople, foreseeing the cunning of the emperor Anastasius, gathers a synod; he confirms the decrees of the Council of Chalcedon. In the consulate of Asterius and Praesidius (A.D. 494). John, bishop of Alexandria, coming from the Roman Church, entreats the emperor Anastasius to restore him to his throne for the sake of their ancient friendship. But when he does not obtain this because of his defense of the Council of Chalcedon, he returned stealthily to Rome whence he had come. In the consulate of Viator, vir clarissimus (A.D. 495). When the Isaurian war blazes up, the tyrants Athenodorus and Longinus are killed. Upon the death of Athanasius of Alexandria, John surnamed Hemula succeeds; and when he too dies, after a few days another John surnamed Nicetes succeeds as bishop. In the consulate of Paulus, vir

clarissimus (A.D. 496). The emperor Anastasius, holding a synod of heretics, confirms the Henoticon of Zeno, and deposes Euphemius, bishop of Constantinople, defender of the Council of Chalcedon; and sending him into exile at Euchaita, he makes Macedonius in his place. In the consulate of Anastasius Augustus (A.D. 497). Macedonius, bishop of Constantinople, holding a synod, condemns those who receive the decrees of the Council of Chalcedon, and those who defend the doctrines of Nestorius and Eutyches. Upon the death of Anastasius, bishop of Rome, Symmachus succeeds him, and from another party Laurentius is ordained, who, when he was unwilling to be content with the bishopric of the city of Nuceria, was cast out of the priestly assembly by a synod held at Rome.

Palladius of Antioch dies, and in his place Flavian is ordained bishop. John surnamed Nicetes still presided over the Church of Alexandria. But at Jerusalem, after Sallustius, Elias took up the presidency. Gunthamund, king of the Vandals, having died at Carthage, Thrasamund reigns twenty-seven years and four months. And he too, full of Arian madness, persecutes the catholics. He closes the churches of the catholics, and sends 120 bishops from all the African Church into exile in Sardinia. At that time Fulgentius, bishop of the city of Ruspe, shone forth in our doctrine. In the consulate of John the Scythian and Paulus (A.D. 498).

A certain Arian named Olympius, in the baths called those of Helena, in the royal city, blaspheming the holy and consubstantial Trinity, was invisibly drenched with three fiery darts, an angel ministering, in the pool of cold water, and ended his life impiously and at the same time prodigiously. In the consulate of Gibbus, vir clarissimus (A.D. 499). The emperor Anastasius gathered a synod at Constantinople with Flavian of Antioch and Philoxenus of Hierapolis as prelates, and persuaded them to pronounce anathema against Diodore of Tarsus, Theodore of Mopsuestia along with his writings, Theodoret of Cyrus, Ibas of Edessa, Andrew, Eucherius, Cyrus,

and John, bishops, and the others who preached two natures and two forms in Christ, and who do not confess that one of the Trinity was crucified—together with Leo, bishop of Rome, and his Tome, and the Council of Chalcedon—to pronounce anathema. In the consulate of Patricius and Hypatius (A.D. 500). A certain Barbas, a bishop of the Arian error, when he presumed to speak contrary to the rule concerning one to be baptized: 'Barbas baptizes thee in the name of the Father, through the Son, in the Holy Spirit'—immediately the water with which he was about to baptize the man appeared nowhere; and the very vessel in which the water was, was shattered. Seeing this, he who was to be baptized ran at once to a catholic, and received baptism according to the rule. In the consulate of Avienus and Pompeius (A.D.

501). The emperor Anastasius seizes Macedonius, bishop of Constantinople, together with certain clerics unwilling to condemn the decrees of the Council of Chalcedon, from the church, and sends him into exile, and in his place makes Timothy the presbyter bishop; who immediately received into communion the condemners of the Council of Chalcedon. In the consulate of Avienus the Younger (A.D. 502). A vast earthquake occurred, with great flashings and hail, and a commotion of the whole heaven and earth. In the consulate of Cethegus, vir clarissimus (A.D. 504). Flavian, bishop of Antioch, by a late repentance deserts the emperor Anastasius, and, abandoning his throne, withdraws to the estate called Platanus.

In his place the emperor Anastasius substitutes Severus, an enemy of the Council of Chalcedon, and stirs up great scandals for the Church of the East. In the consulate of Theodorus, vir clarissimus (A.D. 505). Eugenius, bishop of Carthage, a confessor, dies. Julian, bishop of Bostra, and John, bishop of Palt, of their own accord withdraw from their own Churches, and others are substituted for them. In the consulate of Messalla, vir clarissimus (A.D. 506). At Constantinople, by the command of the emperor Anastasius, the holy Gospels, as though composed by unskilled evangelists, are censured and emended. In the consulate of Venantius and Celer (A.D. 508). Unclean spirits seize the peoples of Alexandria and of all Egypt alike, both small and great, free and slave, clerics and monks, except strangers;

and deprived of human speech, they began to bark like dogs all day and night; so that, bound with iron chains, they were afterwards dragged to the churches that they might recover their health. For they were devouring their own hands, and likewise all of them their arms as well. When these things were happening, an angel in the form of a man appeared to certain ones of the people, saying that this had befallen them because they had given anathema to the Council of Chalcedon, and thereafter threatening that they should presume nothing of the kind. In the consulate of Venantius the Younger, vir clarissimus. Cavades, king of the Persians, by the prayers of Christians captures the fortress of Zumdaber, full of very many treasures from the beginning of its foundation, given over to the guardianship of the lions of demons, and fortified with a watch, where no one had ever been able to enter;

and having entered, he took from it all the treasures. In the consulate of Importunus the Younger, vir clarissimus (A.D. 509). Elias, bishop of Jerusalem, defender of the Council of Chalcedon, being unwilling to receive into communion Severus of Antioch, an enemy of the apostolic faith, as the emperor Anastasius commanded, is thrust into exile at the fortress of Paraxenum; and in his place John, guardian of the cross, is ordained bishop, who immediately both received Severus of Antioch into communion and condemned the Council of Chalcedon. In the consulate of Boethius, vir clarissimus (A.D. 510).

Vitalian, son of Patriciolus, learning of the subversion of the catholic faith, the condemnation of the Council of Chalcedon, the removals of the orthodox bishops, and the successions of heretics, gathers a strong band of valiant men and rebels against the empire of Anastasius. In the consulate of Felix, vir clarissimus (A.D. 511). The count Vitalian, having engaged Patricius, nephew of the emperor Anastasius and master of the Roman soldiery, in battle, with sixty-seven of the Roman soldiery slain, captures him alive, and hands him over bound with bronze chains into the custody of an earthen cage, and afterwards tears him apart. In the consulate of Paulus and Muscianus (A.D. 512).

Alamundarus, king of the Saracens, having been baptized by the defenders of the Council of Chalcedon, when the Theopaschite bishops were sent to him with letters by Severus, bishop of Antioch, marvelously concluded and overcame their barbarous proposition, and showed God to be immortal. In the consulate of Probus, vir clarissimus (A.D. 513). By the command of the emperor Anastasius, Plato, prefect of the city, and Maximus, ascending the pulpit of the church of Saint Theodore, and newly appending to the hymn which the Greeks call the Trisagion, while they chant it through the forum of Constantine and proceed to the greater church, clouds suddenly emitted ash upon them instead of rain, and covered the whole city and province.

On account of which novelty many evils befell the city of Constantinople, and many were wickedly slain. For the crowds of the Greens and of the Blues alike, united against the emperor Anastasius, amid a thousand injuries and evils cast fire into the city, and the city was burned as far as the Forum of Constantine, over a length of 94 columns of the colonnade. In the consulate of Senator, vir clarissimus (A.D. 514). The count Vitalian, coming to Constantinople with a strong band of barbarians, settled at Sosthenion: who, being petitioned, promises peace to the emperor Anastasius on no other terms than that first he restore the exiled defenders of the Council of Chalcedon to their own sees, and unite all the Churches of the East to the Roman Church. In the consulate of Florentius, vir clarissimus (A.D. 515).

The Huns fiercely ravaged Armenia, Cappadocia, Galatia, and Pontus. At that time Euphemius, bishop of Constantinople, at Ancyra of Galatia, and Ariadne Augusta in the royal city, departed from this life. In the consulate of Peter, vir clarissimus (A.D. 516). All the archimandrites and monks of the desert beyond Palestine and the river Jordan write to the emperor Anastasius on behalf of the state of the Council of Chalcedon, and against the impieties of Severus, bishop of Antioch. In the consulate of Agapitus, vir clarissimus (A.D. 517). John, bishop of Alexandria, dies, and in his place Dioscorus is ordained.

Timothy, bishop of Constantinople, a detractor of the Council of Chalcedon, died on the 5th day of the month of April, and John the Cappadocian, in his own cell, handed over the episcopate to a presbyter. Anastasius had compelled this man, before his ordination, to condemn beforehand the Council of Chalcedon. In the consulship of Agapitus II and Magnus (A.D. 518). The emperor Anastasius, hemmed in by terror of the thunder within his own palace and struck by a bolt of lightning, died in the bedchamber where he had hidden himself; and with disgrace, without the customary funeral rites, he was carried to his tomb in the 88th year of his life. Justin, the 51st of the Romans, reigns 8 years and 9 months.

An Illyrian, a Catholic, a lover and likewise a defender of the Council of Chalcedon, whose wife was called by the name Lupicina, whom the people of Constantinople afterwards called Euphemia, and to whom there was a nephew by the name of Justinian, had served in the corps of the candidati. In the consulship of Justin Augustus and Heraclius (A.D. 519). Amantius the praepositus, stirring up seditions among the people, sought to have another made emperor; by order of the prince Justin he was killed together with Andreas the chamberlain, and cast into the current. In the consulship of Rusticius, a distinguished man (A.D. 520). John, who before Justin had been chosen for the empire, is ordained bishop of Heraclea, and Justinian, nephew of Justin Augustus, from being one of the candidati is appointed regular master of the soldiers. In the consulship of Valerius and Justinian (A.D. 521).

When Dioscorus, bishop of the Church of Alexandria, had died, Timothy succeeded him. Of the Church of Antioch, however, Severus, chief of the heretics, is made head, and John of the Church of Jerusalem. The emperor Justin joined the Eastern bishops to the Western prelates under fitting satisfaction, excepting five lesser pontiffs—Acacius formerly of Constantinople, Peter of Antioch, and Peter of Alexandria, bishops entangled in their former error—and revived the decrees of the Council of Chalcedon, which had been repudiated in the times of the princes Zeno and Anastasius. In the consulship of Symmachus and Boethius (A.D. 522). Vitalian, having received a pledge, returns to Constantinople; Justin Augustus, receiving him graciously, makes him master of the soldiers and permits the consulship to be granted him. In the consulship of Maximus, a distinguished man

consul (A.D. 523). Trasamund, king of the Vandals, dies at Carthage; his wife Amalafrida, fleeing to the barbarians, after an engagement had taken place, is captured at Capsa near the desert, and dies in private custody. Hilderic, who was born of the daughter of the emperor Valentinian—she having been taken captive by Geiseric and joined to Huneric—reigned 7 years and 3 months. This man therefore, bound by oath by his predecessor Trasamund, before he should reign, not to open churches for the Catholics in his kingdom nor to restore their privileges, in order not to overstep the bounds of the oath, ordered both that the Catholic priests should return from exile and that the churches should be opened; and at the petition of the whole city of Carthage he consecrated Boniface, a man vigorous enough in divine doctrines, as bishop of the Church.

Vitalian is said to have been slain at Constantinople within the palace, in the place which they call in Greek the Delphic, by the faction of the patrician Justinian. In the consulship of Justin Augustus and Apion (A.D. 524). To the Roman Church in the episcopate, Symmachus having died, Hormisdas succeeds. In the Church of Alexandria Timothy still survived. Of the Church of Antioch, Severus, the detractor of the Council of Chalcedon, when he was sought out by the emperor Justin for punishment, fled; and in his place Paul is substituted. Over the Church of Jerusalem John presided. But over the Church of Constantinople Epiphanius succeeds John as bishop.

After the consulship of Justin II and Apion, Justin Augustus, at the entreaty of the senators, unwillingly makes his nephew Justinian Caesar. In the consulship of Philoxenus and Probus (A.D. 525). In the consulship of Marbotius (A.D. 527). The emperor Justin dies. Justinian, the 52nd of the Romans, reigns 39 years and 7 months. He had a wife by the name of Theodora. In the consulship of Justinian Augustus (A.D. 528). The Eastern Churches, by the order of the same prince, publicly and with voice acclaim the four synods—of Constantinople, of Ephesus, and of Chalcedon, and the faith of the 150 holy Fathers—with the sacrifices being present. In the consulship of Decius, a distinguished man (A.D. 529).

By the faction of Theodora Augusta, he imposes upon all by a general law that One of the Trinity is to be confessed as having suffered—not in a qualified sense, but absolutely—and violently exacted subscriptions from the clergy and monks. For which cause very many withdrew themselves from the Church, and monks departed from their own monasteries, declaring that the faith of those who had come together in the aforesaid four holy synods sufficed for them. In the consulship of Lampadius and Orestes (A.D. 530). Hypatius, nephew of the prince Anastasius, assuming tyranny at Constantinople, with many thousands of men slain by the soldier's sword during a circus spectacle, is captured; and by night he is killed together with Pompey and cast into the current. After the consulship of Lampadius and Orestes (A.

531). Gelimer seizes the kingdom in Africa by tyranny, and, entering Carthage, deprives Hilderic of the kingdom, and delivers him with his sons into custody, and destroys Oamer and many of the nobles. In the third year after the consulship of Lampadius and Orestes, Belisarius, master of the Roman soldiery, after two battles had been fought, marvelously overcame the Persian in the Thracian battle. In the third consulship of Justinian Augustus (A.D. 533). The tyrant Gelimer cruelly destroys many of the nobles of the province of Africa, and through Boniface carries off the goods of many. In the fourth consulship of Justinian (A.D. 534). The emperor Justinian,

prompted by the visitation of the bishop Laetus—who had been made a martyr by Huneric, king of the Vandals—sends an army into Africa against the Vandals, with Belisarius the master of the soldiers as commander; these Belisarius, overcoming in battle, slays Gunthimer and Gebamund, brothers of King Gadinges (Gelimer), and, King Gelimer himself having been put to flight, takes Africa, in the ninety-seventh year of the Vandals' entry. At Belisarius' very entry, moreover, before the entry took place, the tyrant Gelimer killed King Hilderic together with certain kinsmen of his family. Belisarius, master of the soldiers and patrician, captures the tyrant Gelimer, and brings him with the riches gathered from the plunder of Africa to Constantinople, to the emperor Justinian. In the consulship of Belisarius, a distinguished man (A.D. 535).

Reparatus receives the episcopate of the Church of Carthage after Boniface. Of the Church of Jerusalem, however, Peter succeeds to the prelacy, John having died. In the second year after the consulship of Belisarius (A.D. 536), the emperor Justinian issued books concerning the Lord's Incarnation, and compelled the Illyrian bishops to subscribe. In the third year after the consulship of Belisarius (A.D. 537). Epiphanius, bishop of the Church of Constantinople, who had succeeded John, having died, Anthimus, bishop of Trebizond, by the faction of Theodora Augusta, invades the Church of Constantinople. In the consulship of John, a distinguished man (A.D. 538).

For the Roman Church, after Hormisdas John is ordained bishop, after John Felix, after Felix Boniface, after Boniface another John, and after John Agapetus. For the Church of Alexandria, Timothy—who had succeeded Dioscorus the Younger—having died, two perverse men are ordained bishops on one day by the choice of the people, namely Theodosius and Gaianus. When these had been ordained, Alexandria was divided among both enemies of Christ. From Theodosius they chose to be called Theodosians, from Gaianus Gaianites, although both alike do not accept the Council of Chalcedon and make the error of Eutyches and Dioscorus their own. In the consulship of Apion for the third time, a distinguished man (A.D. 539).

Severus of Antioch, chief of the heresy from whom the Severians are named, and Julian of Halicarnassus, bishops, assailants of the apostolic faith and of the Council of Chalcedon, are sent into exile to Alexandria by the sending of Justinian, where, writing against the followers of the Council of Chalcedon, they said that there is one nature in Christ out of two; and while Severus asserted this nature to be corruptible and Julian incorruptible, Alexandria, Egypt, and Libya were divided among both enemies of Christ. For the Theodosians followed Severus, and the Gaianites Julian. But from the Theodosians two other heresies came forth: one of the Agnoetae, and the other of the Tritheites.

The Agnoetae, indeed, add to the perversity from which they came forth this, that Christ's divinity does not know the future things that are written concerning the last day and hour. But the Tritheites, just as they assert three persons in the Trinity, so also assert that there are three Gods, against that which is written: «Hear, O Israel: the Lord thy God is one.» And again: «There is no God but one»; and, «I am God, and there is none other beside me.» In the consulship of Justin, a distinguished man (A.D. 540). Agapetus, archbishop of Rome, came to Constantinople, and deposed Anthimus, bishop of the Church of Constantinople, perverter of that Church and enemy of the Council of Chalcedon; he deprived of communion Theodora Augusta, his patroness; and forthwith made Mennas bishop of the Church of Constantinople.

Theodosius and Gaianus, bishops of Alexandria, condemned with their error, are transported into exile. But Theodosius, banished to Sycae at Constantinople, defiled with his perfidy almost the whole palace and the greatest part of the royal city. Which occasion granted license to almost all the heresies, so that not only the Theodosianites but also the Gaianites had built monasteries and oratories in the royal city. For the aforesaid heretic Theodosius lived until the first consulship of Justinian the Younger Augustus. In that year, Paul, bishop of Antioch, being still alive, Euphrasius is substituted. In the consulship of Basil, a distinguished man (A.D. 541). Agapetus, archbishop of Rome, having died at Constantinople, Silverius is ordained bishop in his stead.

But of the Church of Alexandria, Theodosius and Gaianus having been exiled, Paul first in their place, celebrating the deposition of Dioscorus the heretic his predecessor of the Zabinnensiotae, is deposed by a Palestinian council, and in his stead Zoilus is ordained bishop. In the aforesaid consulship, Stotzas seizes the kingdom in Africa in the regions of the desert by tyranny. In the second year after the consulship of Basil, a distinguished man (A.D. 543), by the faction of Theodora Augusta—who from the time she began to reign never ceased to be a secret enemy of the Council of Chalcedon—the snares of proscriptions are prepared. Silverius, bishop of Rome, is sent into exile, and in his stead Vigilius is ordained:

from whom the aforementioned Theodora Augusta, before he was ordained, extracted by a secret bond in writing that, once made pope, he would in the proscription condemn the Three Chapters, that is: the letter of Ibas of Edessa to Maris the Persian, which by the judgment of the Council of Chalcedon was approved and judged orthodox and joined to the synodal acts; then Theodore, bishop of Mopsuestia, likewise praised in the synodal acts at Antioch under John, bishop of that Church, and at Chalcedon; and the sayings of Theodoret, bishop of Cyrrhus, extolled together with Theodoret himself by the voices of the Council of Chalcedon.

This man, therefore, having been made pope, is compelled by Antonina the patrician, wife of Belisarius, to write—to Theodosius of Alexandria, Anthimus of Constantinople, and Severus of Antioch, already long since condemned by the Apostolic See—as though they were Catholics, and thus to hold concerning the faith just as they held. The tenor of that letter of his is proved to be as follows: «To the lords and, in the charity of Christ our God and Savior, united brethren, the bishops Theodosius, Anthimus, and Severus, Vigilius the bishop. I know indeed that the belief of my faith reached your holiness before, God helping. But since now the glorious lady and my daughter the most Christian patrician has my desires fulfilled»,

«so that I should send to your fraternity the present writings; I, greeting you by the grace through which we are joined in Christ our Lord and Savior, signify that the faith which you hold I too have held and do hold, God commanding—we knowing this among ourselves, which we preach and read, that we have one soul and one heart in God. I have hastened to announce to you the joys of my advancement, which is yours, God helping, and my fraternity, out of my own heart, freely embraces you as it desires. It is fitting, therefore, that she who writes these things to you should acknowledge them; but rather that your wisdom should reckon me before others to be, as it were, an object of suspicion, so that God may more easily be able to perfect what he has begun to work.»

And the subscription: «Pray for me, my lords and brethren, joined in the charity of Christ our Lord and Savior.» The beginnings of these evils are followed by a general mortality of the whole world, and by the plague of the groin the greater part of the peoples is destroyed. In the third year after the consulship of Basil, a distinguished man (A.D. 544), the tyrant Stotzas, with a multitude of nations marshaled, meets at Cillium Solomon, master of the soldiery and patrician of Africa, and Aeducius, commanders of the Roman soldiery; where, an engagement having taken place, through the sins of Africa the soldiery of the Roman republic is overcome, Solomon of both.... In the fourth year after the consulship of Basil, a distinguished man (A.

545), the emperor Justinian, instigated by the machinations of the Acephali, subtly compels Vigilius, bishop of Rome, to hasten to the royal city and, under the appearance of an assembly of those who are divided from the fellowship of the Church, to condemn the Three Chapters. To the prelacy of the Church of Jerusalem, after Peter, Macarius succeeds. In the fifth year after the consulship of Basil, a distinguished man (A.D. 546), the tyrant Stotzas, at the port of Tacia in Africa, an engagement having taken place, was struck by the javelin of John, commander of the Roman soldiery; and by like turn John by Stotzas: who forthwith fell each by the other's sword, and died on the Lord's day, on which the battle was fought. In the sixth year after the consulship of Basil, a distinguished man (A.

547), Ferrandus, deacon of the Church of Carthage, is held illustrious. Guntarith, master of the soldiers, slays by night within the palace at Carthage Areobindus, patrician and chief of the Roman soldiery in Africa, who at that time had been sent by the emperor, and seizes the kingdom by tyranny. Him Artabanus, duke of Carthage, killed as he was dining on the thirty-sixth day of his reign. In the eighth year after the consulship of Basil, a distinguished man (A.D. 548), the emperor Justinian writes most urgently through the various provinces established within the bounds of his realm, and compels all the prelates to condemn the aforesaid Three Chapters. To Euphemius, bishop of Antioch, succeeds Domninus. In the ninth year after the consulship of Basil, a distinguished man (A.

549), the Illyrian synod writes to Justinian Augustus in defense of the Three Chapters, and condemns Benenatus, bishop of the city of Prima Justiniana, a detractor of those same Three Chapters. Theodora Augusta, enemy of the Council of Chalcedon, her whole body suffused with the ravages of a cancer, ended her life monstrously. In the tenth year after the consulship of Basil, a distinguished man (A.D. 550), the African prelates synodically exclude Vigilius, bishop of Rome, condemner of the Three Chapters, from Catholic communion—a place of penance being reserved for him—and, in defense of the aforementioned Three Chapters, send sufficiently fitting letters to the prince Justinian through Olympius the magistrianus. At that time the seven writings of Facundus, bishop of the Church of Hermiane, shone forth:

by which he declared most evidently that the aforesaid Three Chapters had been condemned in the prescript of the Catholic and apostolic faith of the Council of Chalcedon. In the eleventh year after the consulship of Basil, a distinguished man (A.D. 551), Reparatus, archbishop of the Church of Carthage, Firmus, primate of the bishops of Numidia, and Primasius, and Verecundus, bishops of the council of Byzacena, are summoned for this cause to the royal city by the order of that same prince. Apollinaris is substituted as bishop of the Church of Alexandria in place of Zoilus, who was unwilling to condemn the three aforementioned Chapters. In the twelfth year after the consulship of Basil, a distinguished man (A.

552), Reparatus the archbishop, assailed with very many calumnies because he did not give assent to the condemnation of the aforementioned Three Chapters, deprived of his office and means, is banished into exile at Euchaïta; and Primasius his deacon and apocrisiarius, after he had condemned the things which had been synodically and universally defended, while Reparatus was still living, against the wishes of both clergy and people, is ordained bishop of the Church of Carthage. Firmus, primate of the council of Numidia, corrupted by the gifts of the prince, gave assent to the condemnation of those same Chapters. But returning to his own country, he perished on shipboard by a most shameful death. Primasius too was banished to the monastery of Aquimetum.

But Boethius, primate of Byzacena, having been forestalled by death, in order to succeed him he forthwith assented to the aforesaid condemnation, and returning to his own affairs, he attacked with the most violent persecutions the very things he had formerly defended, both by fabricating calumnies against the faithful and by carrying off their goods. But in the things wherein he sinned, he could not lie hid. For indeed, after he had been condemned by the Catholic prelates of his own council for his prevarications, he is destroyed by an unhappy death; and the things he had acquired by fraud are faithfully taken away by the judges. But Verecundus, bishop of the Church of Nicea, persevering in the defense of the aforementioned Chapters, in the city of Chalcedon where he had taken refuge, in the lodging of the glorious mother Euphemia, departed from this life to the Lord.

Macarius, bishop of Jerusalem, is expelled, and, while he still survived, Eustochius is ordained. In the thirteenth year after the consulship of Basil, a distinguished man (A.D. 553), a synod is gathered at Constantinople by the order of the prince Justinian; at which the prelates of the sees were present: Vigilius, bishop of Rome, ordained while Silverius was still surviving; Apollinaris of Alexandria, promoted while Zoilus was living; Domninus of Antioch; Eustochius, made bishop when Macarius, bishop of Jerusalem, had been removed; and Eutychius of Constantinople, who had been substituted for Mennas.

There they subject the aforesaid Three Chapters, together with their defenders, to condemnation, and penally shut off for themselves the way of return to penance, binding themselves by a perpetual anathema should they ever attempt to absolve them; to which sentences of condemnation they subscribed. Rusticus, deacon of the Roman Church, and Felix, hegumen of the monastery of Gillis in the province of Africa, contradicting their decrees, are sent into exile in the Thebaid in writing, together with their companions. When these things had thus been done, an earthquake, shaking the royal city from its foundations, cast down very many buildings and porticoes, and, the basilicas remaining standing, overthrew almost all the altars. In the fourteenth year after the consulship of Basil, a distinguished man (A.

554), Frontinus the bishop, summoned to the royal city, is assigned exile in Antinoë, the chief city of the Thebaid, in defense of those same Three Chapters; and in his place Peter is ordained by the heretics for the Church of Salona. The priests of the proconsular council of the province of Africa, deluded by the craft of the bishops Rufinus and Vinus, detractors of Archbishop Reparatus, go to meet them as though they were defenders of the faith, and, all but a very few, defile themselves with the communion of Primasius, the prevaricator of the Church of Carthage. Dacius, bishop of Milan, came to Constantinople, and, consenting to the condemnation of those same Three Chapters, was struck down and died that very day.

Narses the eunuch, from praepositus made patrician, marvelously overcame and slew Totila, king of the Goths, in battle in Italy, and took away all his riches. In the fifteenth year after the consulship of Basil, a distinguished man (A.D. 555), the bishops of the council of Numidia, assembled after the manner of the proconsular priests, come to Carthage, and, defiled by the communion of Primasius the intruder of that same Church, and dispatched as prevaricators, return to their own country.

Victor, bishop of the Church of Tunnuna, author of this work, after imprisonments and likewise scourgings, which he endured under Sala and Valericus, and moreover in the monastery of Mandra a first and second exile on the island of Egimurus of Mauretania, and a third to Alexandria together with Theodore, bishop of the Church of Cebarsussi, is sent into exile for the defense of the aforesaid Three Chapters, and is thrust into the prison of the fortress of Diocletian after the praetorian prison. Of Antioch, Anastasius succeeds Domninus as bishop. In the sixteenth year after the consulship of Basil, a distinguished man (A.D. 556), Primosus, the intruder of the Church of Carthage, afflicts those unwilling to give him assent now with cudgels, now with imprisonments, now also with exiles.

Victor and Theodosius, the aforesaid African bishops, are cast out of prison; and after continuous disputations in the praetorium for 15 days, they are sent to another custody of the monastery of the Tabennesiotae, which is near Canopus, 12 miles from the city of Alexandria. In the seventeenth year after the consulship of Basil, a distinguished man (A.D. 557), Vigilius the Roman dies on the island of Sicily. At that time Felix, hegumen of the monastery of Gala, departed from this life to the Lord in exile at Sinope. In the eighteenth year after the consulship of Basil, a distinguished man (A.D. 558), Pelagius, the Roman archdeacon, defender of the aforesaid Three Chapters, returns from exile at the persuasion of the prince Justinian;

and condemning the things which he had formerly most steadfastly defended, he is ordained bishop of the Roman Church by the prevaricators: which he held for 5 years. In the nineteenth year after the consulship of Basil, a distinguished man (A.D. 559), the Illyrian bishops, all but the small monasteries and the small number of the faithful, having suffered persecutions, give consent, bringing their former faith to nothing. At that time the Huns most grievously afflicted Armenia. In the twentieth year after the consulship of Basil, a distinguished man (A.D. 560), the Bulgars invade Thrace, and come as far as Sycae at Constantinople. They capture and likewise carry off Sergius the patrician, who had formerly been commander of the soldiery in Africa. But, valiantly beaten by the arms of the patrician Belisarius, and put to flight alike, they crossed the Danube. In the twenty-first year after the consulship of Basil, a distinguished man (A.

561), the body of Saint Anthony the hermit, having been found, is conveyed to Alexandria with the greatest honor, and is honorably placed in the basilica of Saint John the Baptist. In the twenty-second year after the consulship of Basil, a distinguished man (A.D. 562), Frontinianus, bishop of Salona, is transferred from exile in Antinoë to Ancyra in Galatia. Peter, the intruder of his Church, dies, and in his stead Prodinus is substituted. In the twenty-third year after the consulship of Basil, a distinguished man (A.D. 563), Reparatus, archbishop of the Church of Carthage, in exile at Euchaïta, passed to the Lord in glorious confession on the 7th day before the Ides of January. In that year the prince Justinian sends back the envoys of the nation of the Avars to the place whence they had come....

In the 32nd year of the reign of the aforesaid prince Justinian, Pelagius is ordained bishop of Rome: he presided 11 years. Eustochius, bishop of Jerusalem, who had been ordained while Macarius was still surviving, is expelled; and again Macarius is restored. In the 38th year of the same emperor (A.D. 564), Musicus, Brumasius, Donatus, and Chrysonius, bishops from Africa, and Victor and Theodore the bishop likewise from Egypt, are summoned to the royal city by imperial order. These, while present resisting the prince Justinian himself in person, and afterward Eutychius, bishop of the royal city, disputing, resist the new superstition; being separated from one another, they are sent into custody through the monasteries of that same city. In the 39th year of his reign (A.D. 565), Justinian

directs into exile Eutychius, bishop of Constantinople, condemner of the Three Chapters, and Evagrius, deacon of the hermitages, and Didymus the monk and confessor of Alexandria—whose praises we set forth above on the authority of illustrious men—and in his stead makes John, a bishop like him in the same error. In that year the Greens make civil war in the royal city, and lay low many men of the republic with the sword in frequent engagements. But very many of their fierce ones were afterward destroyed by Julian the prefect. In the fortieth year of his reign (A.D. 566), Justinian received the end of his life in the fifteenth indiction. Theodore, bishop of Cebarsussi, defender of the Three Chapters, dies in exile at the royal city in the same month and day as Justinian;

and he is buried next to the confessors whose tongues Huneric, king of the Vandals, had cut off. Justin the Younger, son of Vigilantia, sister of Justinian Augustus, born of his father Dulcissimus, takes up the scepters of empire with great tranquility of the people. His wife Sophia is said to be the niece of Theodora Augusta. There are gathered all the years from Adam, the first man, up to the nativity of our Lord Jesus Christ according to the flesh, which took place in the year 5199. And from the nativity of our Lord Jesus Christ, which took place in the 43rd year of the empire of Augustus Octavian Caesar, up to the first year of Justin, first prince of the Romans, who succeeded to the empire of Justinian, there are 527 years. Together, from Adam up to the first year of the aforesaid prince of the Romans, there are 5726 years.