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文集 第 31 章

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31:1
CAPUT PRIMUM. Cum te diversis iterum vanisque viderem Inservire sacris, priscoque errore teneri; Obstipui monitus; quia carmina semper amasti, Carmine respondens, properavi scribere versus; Ut te corriperem, tenebras praeponere luci. Quis patiatur enim, te Matrem credere magnam Posse Deam dici, rursusque putare colendam, Cujus cultores infamia turpis inurit? Namque sacerdotes tunicis mulieribus iidem Interius ritum cultu interiore fatentur; Idque licere putant, quod non licet; unde per orbem Leviter incedunt, mollita voce loquentes, Lapsatosque tenent extenso pollice lumbos, Et proprium mutant vulgato crimine sexum. Cumque suos celebrant ritus, his esse diebus Se castos memorant;
第一章。當我再次見你受奴役於各樣空虛的祭儀,被你古舊的謬誤所轄制,我見了大為驚愕;又因你素來喜愛詩歌,我便以詩回應,急忙寫下這些詩句,好斥責你竟看黑暗勝於光明。有誰能容忍你竟信那「大母神」可稱為女神,又再以為當敬拜她——她的敬拜者卻被醜污的惡名所烙印?因為那些祭司身穿婦人的長衫,以他們內裡的裝飾坦承他們內裡的祭儀;他們以為不合法的為合法;因此他們遍行天下,扭捏而行,柔聲細語,伸出拇指托著鬆軟的腰,以一種普遍化的罪行改變自己的性別。當他們慶祝其祭儀時,他們自稱在這些日子裡是聖潔的;
CHAPTER ONE. When I saw you again enslaved to sundry and empty rites, and held fast by your ancient error, I was astounded at the sight; and because you have always loved songs, answering you in song I hastened to write verses, that I might rebuke you for preferring darkness to light. For who could endure that you should believe the Great Mother can be called a goddess, and again should think she must be worshipped — she whose worshippers a foul infamy brands? For those same priests, in women's tunics, confess by their inner adornment their inner rite; and they think that lawful which is not lawful; whence throughout the world they walk mincingly, speaking with softened voice, and hold their loins loosened with outstretched thumb, and change their own sex by a crime made common. And when they celebrate their rites, on these days they recount themselves to be chaste;
31:2
at si tantummodo tunc sunt, Ut perhibent, casti; reliquo jam tempore quid sunt? Sed quia coguntur saltem semel esse pudici, Mente fremunt, lacerant corpus, funduntque cruorem. Quale sacrum est vero, quod fertur nomine sanguis? CAPUT II. Nunc etiam dicis, quod te non fecerit aetas. Sed tua religio calvum, caligaque remota Gallica, sit pedibus molli redimita papyro. Res miranda satis dejectaque culmine summo. Si quis ab Isiaco Consul procedat in urbem, Risus oris erit: quis te non rideat autem, Qui fueris Consul, nunc Isidis esse ministrum? Quodque pudet primo, te non pudet esse secundo: Ingeniumque tuum turpes damnare per hymnos Respondente tibi vulgo et lacerante Senatu.
但他們若果如所稱只在那時才聖潔,其餘的時候又是怎樣呢?然而因他們被迫至少有一次守貞,就在心中狂怒,撕裂身體,傾流鮮血。那以血為名所獻的,究竟算什麼神聖之禮呢?第二章。如今你還說,這不是你的年紀使你如此的。可是你的宗教使你剃了光頭,脫去高盧的靴子,你的雙腳纏裹著柔軟的紙草。這事夠奇怪的了,從至高的巔峰跌落。倘若有執政官從伊西斯(Isis)的廟中走進城裡,人人口中都要發笑。有誰不譏笑你——你這曾為執政官的,如今卻作伊西斯的僕役?你在頭一項職位所引以為恥的,在第二項卻不以為恥;並用卑鄙的頌歌譴責你自己的才具,任憑群眾回應你、元老院撕裂你。
but if only then, as they claim, they are chaste, what are they for the rest of the time? Yet because they are compelled to be chaste at least once, they rage in mind, they tear their body, and pour out gore. What sacred rite is that in truth, which is offered under the name of blood? CHAPTER TWO. Now too you say that it was not your age that made you do it. But your religion has made you bald, and, with the Gallic boot removed, your feet are wreathed round with soft papyrus. A thing wondrous enough, and cast down from the highest summit. If any Consul should proceed from the temple of Isis into the city, there will be laughter on every mouth. But who would not laugh at you, who were a Consul, now to be a minister of Isis? And what shames you in the first office does not shame you in the second; and to condemn your own genius through base hymns, while the crowd answers you and the Senate tears you.
31:3
Teque domo propria pictum cum fascibus ante, Nunc quoque cum sistro faciem portare caninam. Haec non humilitas, sed humilitatis imago est. Aedibus illa tuis semper monumenta manebunt. Rumor et ad nostras pervenit publicus aures, Te dixisse: Dea, erravi, ignosce, redivi. Dic mihi si valeas, cum talia saepe rogares, Et veniam peteres; quae tecum verba locuta est? Vere mente cares, sequeris qui mente carentes. Haec iterum repetis, nec te delinquere sentis. Quid mereare vide; minus esses forte notandus, Si tantum hoc scires, et in hoc errore maneres; At cum vericolae penetraveris ostia legis, Et tibi nosse Deum paucis accesserit annis; Cur linquenda, tenes aut cur retinenda relinquis?
還有你,從前在自己家中被畫成手持束棒(fasces)的模樣,如今竟又手持叉鈴(sistrum)、頂著狗頭般的面容。這不是謙卑,乃是謙卑的假象。那些紀念物將永遠留在你的居所。公眾的風聲甚至傳到我們耳中,說你曾說:「女神啊,我錯了,求你饒恕,我回來了。」請告訴我,你既如此屢屢懇求這些事、乞求赦免,她曾對你說了什麼話呢?你真是喪失了心智,竟跟從喪失心智的人。這些事你一再重演,卻不覺自己在犯罪。看看你當得的是什麼;倘若你只知道這個並停留在這謬誤中,或許還較不當受責;但你既已進入敬拜真理之律法的門,又在短短數年間得以認識神,為何仍持守那當離棄的,或為何離棄那當持守的?
And that you, painted in your own house before with the fasces, now also with the sistrum should bear a dog-faced countenance. This is not humility, but the image of humility. Those monuments will remain forever in your dwelling. A public rumour has come even to our ears, that you said: 'Goddess, I have erred, forgive me, I have returned.' Tell me, if you please, when you so often asked such things and begged pardon, what words did she speak with you? Truly you are out of your mind, who follow those who are out of their mind. These things you repeat again, nor do you perceive that you transgress. See what you deserve; perhaps you would be less to be marked, if you knew only this and remained in this error; but when you have entered the doors of the truth-worshipping law, and it has fallen to you within a few years to know God, why do you keep what must be left, or why do you leave what must be kept?
31:4
Nilque colis, dum cuncta colis; nec corde retractas Vera quid a falsis, quid ab umbris lumina distent. Philosophum fingis, cum te sententia mutet; Nam tibi si stomachum popularis moverit aura; Et Judaeus eris, totusque incertus haberis. Indulge dictis, sapientia non placet alta; Omne quod est nimium, contra cadit, unum operantur Et calor et frigus; sic hoc, sic illud adurit; Sic tenebrae visum, sic sol contrarius aufert; Et pariter laedunt gelidum fervensque lavacrum; Esca alitur corpus, corpus corrumpitur esca; Vimque suam minuit, si quid protenditur ultra. Denique si sedeas, requies est magna laboris: Si multum sedeas, labor est. Maro namque poeta Pro poena posuit:
你敬拜一切,卻什麼也沒有敬拜;你也不在心中衡量真理與虛謊有何分別,光明與陰影有何差異。你假裝是哲人,見解卻左右著你;因為若民眾的風氣稍動你的胃口,你連猶太人也肯作,被看為全然搖擺不定。容我直言:高深的智慧不合你意。凡過度的都適得其反;冷與熱都作同一件事:這樣、那樣都能灼傷;黑暗奪去視力,相對的烈日也如此;冰冷與滾燙的浴同樣傷人;食物滋養身體,食物也敗壞身體;凡延伸超過限度的,就減損自己的力量。總之,你若坐下,安歇是勞苦後極大的舒解;你若坐得太久,就成了勞苦。因為詩人瑪羅(Maro,即維吉爾)把它列為一種刑罰:
And you worship nothing while you worship all things; nor do you weigh in your heart what truths differ from falsehoods, what lights differ from shadows. You feign yourself a philosopher, while opinion sways you; for if the popular breeze but stirs your stomach, you will even be a Jew, and be held wholly uncertain. Indulge my words: lofty wisdom does not please you. Everything that is excessive falls out to the contrary; both heat and cold work one thing: thus this, thus that, burns; thus darkness takes away sight, thus the opposing sun; and equally the cold and the boiling bath do harm; food nourishes the body, food corrupts the body; and it lessens its own force, if anything is protracted beyond measure. In short, if you sit, rest is a great relief from labour: if you sit too long, it is labour. For the poet Maro set it down for a punishment:
31:5
Sedet, aeternumque sedebit Infelix Theseus; semper nocet utile longum; Prandia longa nocent, jejunia longa fatigant; Sic nimium sapere stultum facit improba secta. Me dea sic docuit, moderamen amabile, dixit. Sed tu nec sectam modo, nec moderamina curas Mens autem stabilis nullo pervertitur aestu, Ipsaque simplicitas nunquam mala cogitat ulla. Hinc sincera fides aeterna fide fruetur; Et contra dolus longo cruciabitur igni. Elige quid velis, ut digna piacula vites. Sic tamen hanc veniam mereatur creditor inquam; Ut leve crimen erit, si nolis noscere vera; Non leve crimen erit, si cognita vera relinquas. Sed te correctum forsan matura senectus In melius revocat satiatum erroribus istis:
「不幸的忒修斯(Theseus)坐著,並要永遠坐下去。」有益之事一經延長,總歸有害;長宴傷身,久齋令人疲乏。照樣,過分聰明反因一個邪惡的宗派使人成了愚人。女神如此教訓我,她說:「一種可愛的節制。」但你既不顧那宗派,也不顧那節制。然而堅定的心不被任何浪潮傾覆,純樸本身也絕不圖謀任何惡事。因此真誠的信德必享永恆的忠信;反之,詭詐必受長久之火的煎熬。你要揀選你所願的,好躲避那當受的贖罪之刑。然而我說,願那位「債主」肯賜這赦免:你若不肯認識真理,尚是輕罪;你若離棄已知的真理,就絕非輕罪。但或許成熟的老年會使你受管教,飽嘗這些謬誤之後,被召回到更佳之境:
'He sits, and forever will sit, the unhappy Theseus.' A useful thing, prolonged, always does harm; long feasts harm, long fastings weary. So to be over-wise makes a fool of one through a wicked sect. Thus the goddess taught me, she said, 'a lovable moderation.' But you care neither for the sect nor for the moderations. Yet a mind steadfast is overturned by no surge, and simplicity itself never devises any evils. Hence sincere faith shall enjoy eternal fidelity; and, on the contrary, guile shall be tortured by a long fire. Choose what you will, that you may shun worthy expiations. Yet let the Creditor, I say, deserve this pardon: that it will be a light crime if you are unwilling to know the truth; it will be no light crime if you forsake the truth once known. But perhaps ripe old age recalls you, corrected, to better things, sated with these errors:
31:6
Tempus enim mutat mala, digerit omnia tempus. Tunc igitur cum te consulta reduxerit aetas, Disce Deo servare fidem, ne forte bis unum Incurras lapsum, quia vere dicitur illud Qui pedis offensi lapidem vitare secundo Nescit, et incautus iterum vexaverit artus: Imputet ipse sibi, nec casibus imputet ullis. Corrige delictum fidamine, corrige mentem. Suffecit peccare semel, desiste vereri: Non erit in culpa, quem poenitet ante fuisse.
因為時間改變諸惡,時間處置萬事。所以那時,當深思熟慮的年歲把你領回,你要學習向神持守信德,免得你或許兩次落入同一跌倒之中;因為那句話說得真確:人若絆了腳,卻不知第二次躲避那石頭,不謹慎地再次挫傷肢體,就當歸咎於自己,不當歸咎於任何機遇。要以信靠改正你的過失,改正你的心思。犯一次罪已經夠了;不要再懼怕:凡懊悔自己從前如此的人,必不再在罪咎之中。
for time changes evils, time disposes of all things. Then therefore, when considered age has led you back, learn to keep faith with God, lest perchance you incur one and the same fall twice; for that saying is truly spoken: he who, having stumbled his foot, knows not to avoid the stone a second time, and, incautious, has again bruised his limbs, let him impute it to himself, and not impute it to any chances. Correct your fault by trust, correct your mind. It has sufficed to sin once; cease to be afraid: he shall not be in guilt whom it repents to have been so before.
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