for he endures savagery and neither avenges himself, nor is moved by any disgrace to grief. Segnis (sluggish) means, that is, without fire (sine igni), lacking spirit; for 'se' means 'without,' as 'sedulus' means 'without deceit' (sine dolo). Securus (carefree) means, as it were, without care (sine cura); that is, cold, by which we understand the useless. Stupidus (stupid) means one who is more often stupefied (stupens). Superbus (proud) is so called because he wishes to seem above (super) what he is; for whoever wishes to surpass what he is, is proud. Susurro (a whisperer, tale-bearer) is named from the sound of the speech, because he speaks not in someone's face but in the ear, detracting from another. Seditiosus (seditious) means one who causes dissension of minds and begets discords, which the Greeks call 'diastasis.' Severus (severe) means, as it were, 'truly savage' (saevus verus); for he holds to justice without mercy. Simulator (a dissembler) is named from a likeness (simulacro);
for he bears the likeness of that which he himself is not. Suasor (a persuader) [is from persuading (suadendo) whom he wishes to deceive]. [Studiosus (studious).] Scrupulosus (scrupulous) means of a petty and rough mind. For a 'scrupus' is a stone harder than sand (arena). Sacrilegus (sacrilegious) is so called from the fact that he gathers up (legit) sacred things, that is, steals them. Sicarius (an assassin) is so called because he is armed with weapons (telis) for perpetrating crime. For a 'sica' is a dagger (gladius), named from cutting (secando). Scaevus (perverse, ill-omened) means sinister and perverse, from 'apo tou skaiou.' For it is of a most wicked and cruel mind. Scenicus (a stage-player) means one who acts in the theatre; for the theatre is the 'scena' (stage). Scorta (harlots) is so called because they were also called by the Greeks 'skyte,' that with which hides (pelles) are scoured, by which corruption is wrought. Spurcus (filthy) means, because he is impure. Scelerosus (crime-laden) means full of crimes, just as a place is 'stony' (lapidosus) and 'sandy' (arenosus).
因為他佩戴著他自己所不是之物的形像。Suasor（勸誘者）〔源自勸說（suadendo）他所要欺騙之人〕。〔Studiosus（勤學的）。〕Scrupulosus（審慎多慮的）意為心思瑣細而粗糙。因為「scrupus」是比沙（arena）更硬的石頭。Sacrilegus（褻瀆聖物的）如此稱呼，源自他拾取（legit）聖物，即偷竊它們。Sicarius（刺客）如此稱呼，因為他為了犯罪而以兵器（telis）武裝。因為「sica」是匕首（gladius），得名自切割（secando）。Scaevus（乖僻的，不祥的）意為陰險而乖張，源自「apo tou skaiou」。因為它出於極其邪惡殘忍的心。Scenicus（戲子）意為在劇場中演出之人；因為劇場即「scena」（舞台）。Scorta（娼妓）如此稱呼，因為她們也被希臘人稱為「skyte」，即用來刮皮革（pelles）之物，藉此造成敗壞。Spurcus（污穢的）意為，因為他不潔。Scelerosus（滿是罪惡的）意為充滿罪惡，正如一地被稱為「多石的」（lapidosus）與「多沙的」（arenosus）。
A 'scelerosus' (one steeped in crime) is more than a 'sceleratus' (a criminal). 'Sator' (sower), a scatterer of seed or a father, from 'semen' (seed). 'Scurra' (buffoon), one who is accustomed to dance attendance on someone for the sake of a meal; so from 'sequi' (to follow) buffoons were named 'scurrae'. Likewise 'assecla' (hanger-on), from following. 'Satelles' (attendant), because he clings to another, or from guarding his side. 'Suffectus' (substitute), one set in the place of another, as it were 'suffactus'. Hence too we call a man 'consul suffectus' who is put in as a replacement for another. 'Secundus' (second, following), because he goes 'secus pedes' (close at the feet); and the word is drawn from the following slaves who walk at one's feet ('pedisequi'). Hence favorable fortune too is called 'secunda fortuna', because it is 'secundum nos', that is, near us. Thence also 'res secundae', that is, prosperous affairs; and 'secundae' are so named from following. 'Stipulator' (one who stipulates), a promiser; for 'to stipulate' is to promise, in the language of the jurists.
'Sanus' (healthy), from 'sanguis' (blood), because he is without pallor. ['Sospes' (safe and sound).] 'Subtilis' (fine, subtle) is so called from being thinned out. 'Sequester' (arbitrator) is the name of one who intervenes as a middleman between contending parties, whom the Greeks call ho mesos (the one in the middle), and with whom pledges are wont to be deposited. The word was formed from 'following' ('sequi'), because both parties follow the good faith of the man who has been chosen. 'Sessilis' (squat), because it seems not to stand but to sit. 'Surdus' (deaf), from the filth of humor gathered in the ear; and although it may happen from many causes, the sick man nevertheless keeps his name from the aforesaid defect. 'Siccus' (dry), because it is drained of sap; or by antiphrasis, because it is without sap ('sucus'). 'Sepultus' (buried) is so called because he is without feeling ('palpatio'), or without pulse ('pulsus'), that is, without motion. 'Saio' (bailiff) is so called from exacting ('exigere'). 'Sutor' (cobbler) is named from stitching hides ('suere pelles').
「健康者」（sanus），源自「血」（sanguis），因其毫無蒼白之色。〔「安然者」（sospes）。〕「精細者」（subtilis）之名源自被削薄變細。「仲裁人」（sequester）指在爭訟雙方之間居中介入者，希臘人稱之為 ho mesos（居中者），質押常寄存於他手中。此詞由「跟隨」（sequi）而成，因為爭訟雙方都跟從所推選之人的誠信。「矮墩者」（sessilis），因其看似不站而坐。「聾者」（surdus），源自耳中所積之體液污垢；雖然此症可由多種緣故而生，患者卻仍因上述缺陷而得名。「乾者」（siccus），因其汁液盡失；或以反語得名，因其無汁（sucus）。「已葬者」（sepultus）之名，因其無知覺（palpatio），或無脈搏（pulsus），即無動作。「執達吏」（saio）之名源自「催討」（exigere）。「鞋匠」（sutor）之名源自「縫綴皮革」（suere pelles）。
'Subulcus' (swineherd), a keeper of pigs; just as 'bubulcus' (oxherd) is from the care of oxen ('boves'). 'Tutor' (guardian), who watches over ('tuetur') his ward, that is, keeps an eye on him ('intuetur'); of whom it is said in common speech: 'Why do you admonish me? I have long since buried both guardian and tutor.' 'Testes' (witnesses) are so called because they are wont to be employed for a 'testament' ('testamentum'); just as 'signatores' (sealers), because they seal a testament. 'Tetricus' (harsh) is a very rugged mountain among the Sabines; hence we call gloomy men 'tetrici'. 'Taciturnus' (taciturn), persistent ('diuturnus') in keeping silent. 'Trutinator' (weigher), an examiner, weighing what is right by the balance of judgment; by a transferred sense from the 'trutina', which is the twin-panned scale of weights. 'Tristis' (sad). 'Tenax' (grasping), too greedy for money, because he holds fast ('teneat'); and at times also stubborn ('pertinax'). ['Truculentus' (savage).] 'Torvus' (grim), terrible, because he has a twisted ('tortus') face and a turbulent look, as in 'the grim lioness'; and (Virgil, Aeneid).
(Aeneid 3.677): 'We behold them standing, all in vain, with grim gaze.' 'Turbidus' (troubled), terrible. 'Teter' (foul), because of a dark and shadowy life. 'Teterrimus' (most foul), meaning excessively fierce; for the ancients used 'teter' for 'fierce', as Ennius (Annals 607): 'foul elephants.' 'Terribilis' (terrible), because he inspires terror and is feared. 'Tergiversator' (shuffler), because he turns his mind this way and that like a back ('tergum'), and it cannot easily be understood what sort of man he is. 'Temulentus' (drunk) is so called from 'temetum', that is, wine. 'Timidus' (timid), because he fears long ('timeat diu'), that is, in his blood; for fear congeals the blood, and this, once thickened, begets fear. 'Turpis' (base), because he is shapeless ('informis') and grows numb ('torpeat'). 'Vir' (man), from 'virtus' (virtue). 'Utilis' (useful), from using ('utendo') his own possessions well, or because he can put something to good use; just as 'docilis' (teachable), because he can be taught. 'Verus' (true), from 'veritas' (truth); and hence 'verax' (truthful).
Truth ('veritas') is greater than what is true ('verus'), because truth does not descend from the true, but the true descends from truth. 'Veridicus' (truth-speaking), because he speaks the truth and is an asserter of truth. 'Verecundus' (modest), because he blushes ('erubescit') at a deed done contrary to truth. 'Venustus' (charming), beautiful, from the veins ('venae'), that is, from the blood. ['Viridis' (green), full of vigor ('vis') and sap ('sucus'), as it were raw with force ('vi rudis').] ['Vivens' (living), alive ('vivus').] 'Varius' (fickle), as though not of one road ('via'), but of an uncertain and mixed opinion. 'Versutus' (cunning), because his mind easily turns ('vertitur') in any act toward any kind of fraud; whence a twisted opinion is called 'versutia'. Plautus (Epidicus 371): 'More cunning than a potter's wheel.' ['Vilis' (cheap), from 'villa' (farmstead); for such a man has no urbanity.] 'Versipellis' (skin-changer, shifty), because he turns his face and mind in opposite directions; hence too 'cunning' and 'crafty'.
'Violentus' (violent), because he brings force ('vis'). 'Vecors' (senseless), of an evil heart ('cor') and an evil conscience. 'Vagus' (wandering), because he is without a road ('via'). 'Vanus' (empty, vain) draws its etymology from Venus; likewise 'vanus' means empty, false, because it vanishes ('evanescat') from memory. 'Vesanus' (mad), not properly sound ('sanus'). 'Vinolentus' (wine-soaked), one who both drinks much and is with difficulty made drunk. 'Vexatus' (harried), that is, carried about; from 'veho' (I carry), 'vecto', 'vexo', so that 'to have vexed' is 'to have carried'. 'Veneficus' (poisoner), because he prepared, supplied, or sold poison ('venenum') for the cause of death. 'Vector' (carrier), as it were 'vehitor' (one who carries or is carried); for a 'vector' is both one who carries and one who is carried. 'Venator' (hunter), as it were 'venabulator', namely from hunting ('venatio'), whereby he presses hard upon wild beasts. There are four functions of hunters: trackers ('vestigatores'), searchers ('indagatores'), beaters-with-wings ('alatores'), and pressers ('pressores').