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要理講辭 第 1 章 第 6/23 段

希臘文原文.157 節.部分字詞可點開查義.本章太長已分段,此段為 1:778–1:934(全章共 3280 節)

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1:778
ὅταν τούς ἐν ἀξιώμασι καί πλούτῳ εὐαρεστήσαντας, ὅταν ἁπλῶς ἐκ πάντων ἴδωμεν τῶν ἐν τῷ βίῳ πᾶσαν κατορθωκότων ἀρετήν καί ἐν μετανοίᾳ καί δάκρυσι πολιτευσαμένων διά τόν φόβον τοῦ Κυρίου καί ἱσταμένους ἐν τῇ χαρᾷ καί φαιδρότητι τῶν δικαίων;
……當我們看見那些身居高位與富貴卻仍討神喜悅的人,總之,當我們看見一切在此生成就了各樣美德、因敬畏主而在悔改與眼淚中度日的人,站立在義人的喜樂與光輝之中時,將會如何呢?
...when we see those who were pleasing to God amid rank and wealth, when in a word we behold from among all men those who accomplished every virtue in this life and lived their lives in repentance and tears for the fear of the Lord, standing in the joy and radiance of the righteous?
1:779
() ὅταν γάρ ἐννοήσωμεν ὅτι πατέρας καί μητέρας καί ἀδελφούς καί ἀδελφάς καί κόσμον ὅλον διά τό σῶσαι ἡμῶν τάς ψυχάς κατελείψαμεν, οἱ δέ καί γυναῖκας καί τέκνα, ἄλλοι σύν τούτοις καί πλοῦτον καί ἀξιώματα καί ἄλλα ὅσα βίος ἔχει τερπνά, καί ἀναχωρήσαντες ἐπτωχεύσαμεν καί ἀποκειράμενοι γεγόναμεν μοναχοί διά τήν βασιλείαν τῶν οὐρανῶν, διά δέ μικράν ῥᾳθυμίαν καί πονηρίαν καί διά τάς πονηράς ἡμῶν ἐπιθυμίας κατετάξαμεν ἡμᾶς ἑαυτούς μετά κοσμικῶν καί πόρνων καί μοιχῶν καί βιωσάντων ἀσώτως κατά τόν κόσμον, ὁποῖος τότε φόβος καί τρόμος καί αἰσχύνη καλύψει ἡμᾶς!
因為當我們思想到:我們為了拯救自己的魂,撇下了父母、弟兄姊妹和全世界——有些人甚至撇下妻子兒女,還有些人連同這些,也撇下了財富、尊榮以及此生所有的一切歡愉——並且我們既已退隱,就成了貧窮的,既已剃度,就為了天國成了修士;然而卻因一點懶惰與邪惡,因我們那些惡劣的慾望,竟把自己列在屬世的人、淫亂的人、姦淫的人,以及那些照世界放蕩度日之人的同列中——那時,將有何等的恐懼、戰兢與羞愧遮蓋我們!
For when we consider that we forsook fathers and mothers and brothers and sisters and the whole world in order to save our souls—some even wives and children, others besides these both wealth and honors and all the other delights that life holds—and that having withdrawn we became poor, and having been tonsured we became monks for the sake of the kingdom of heaven; yet through a little sloth and wickedness and through our evil desires we have ranked ourselves together with worldly men and fornicators and adulterers and those who lived dissolutely according to the world—what fear and trembling and shame shall then cover us!
1:780
Πιστεύσατέ μοι λέγοντι, ἀδελφοί, ὅτι χείρων βάσανος ἐντροπή ἡμῶν ἔσται ὑπέρ τήν τῶν κοσμικῶν αἰωνίαν κόλασιν
弟兄們,請相信我所說的:我們的羞愧,將是比屬世之人所受的永刑更為難堪的苦楚。
Believe me when I say, brothers, that our shame will be a worse torment than the eternal punishment of the worldly.
1:781
Ὅταν γάρ ἐμέ τόν ἀποταξάμενον πάσῃ ψυχῇ, μετά κοσμικῶν, φέρε εἰπεῖν, νῦν τέκνα ἐχόντων, καί δημοσίοις πράγμασιν ἐμπεπλεγμένωνἤ καί στρατιᾷ ἐκδουλευόντων, ἵστασθαι καί τήν ἴσην ἐκείνοις κόλασιν λήψεσθαι μέλλοντα, στραφέντες οὗτοι καί ἰδόντες με, εἴπωσι πρός με·
因為當我這個曾以全魂棄絕一切的人,將要與屬世的人一同站立——譬如說,如今那些有兒女、糾纏於公務、或在軍隊中服役的人——並要與他們受同樣的刑罰時,這些人轉過身來看見我,就要對我說:
For when I, who renounced all with all my soul, am about to stand together with worldly men—men, let us say, who now have children and are entangled in public affairs, or serve in the army—and to receive the same punishment as they, and these men turning and seeing me shall say to me:
1:782
Καί σύ, μοναχέ, τόν κόσμον ἀφείς, ὧδε μεθ ἡμῶν τῶν κοσμικῶν ἵστασαι;
「你這捨棄了世界的修士,怎麼也在這裏與我們屬世的人一同站著呢?」
'And you, monk, who forsook the world—do you stand here with us worldly men?'
1:783
Κἄν σύ διά τί;τί ἄρα ἀπολογήσομαι, τί ἐρῶ πρός αὐτούς;
而你——又是為著甚麼緣故呢?那時我要如何申辯,我要對他們說甚麼呢?
And you—on what grounds? What then shall I plead in defense, what shall I say to them?
1:784
Τί γάρ καί ἐροῦμενἤ τί ὅλως δυνηθῶμεν ἀπολογήσασθαι;
我們究竟要說甚麼,我們又能拿甚麼來為自己申辯呢?
For what shall we say, or what could we possibly plead in our defense?
1:785
ὅτι τόν κόσμον καί τά ἐν κόσμῳ κατελίπομεν;
難道說我們撇下了世界和世上的事物麼?
That we forsook the world and the things in the world?
1:786
ἀλλά ταῦτα οὐκ ἐβδελυξάμεθα ἀπό ψυχῆς·
然而我們並未從心底裏憎惡這些事物。
But we did not loathe these things from our soul.
1:787
τοῦτο γάρ ἐστιν ἀληθής τοῦ κόσμου καί τῶν ἐν κόσμῳ ἀναχώρησις, τό μετά τό φυγεῖν τόν κόσμον μισῆσαι τά αὐτοῦ καί βδελύξασθαι
因為這才是真正從世界與世上事物的退隱:就是在逃離世界之後,還要恨惡並厭棄那屬於世界的一切。
For this is the true withdrawal from the world and from the things in the world: after fleeing the world, to hate and to abhor the things that belong to it.
1:788
() Τί δέ κόσμος καί τί τά ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ εἰσίν;
那麼,世界是甚麼,世上的事物又是甚麼呢?
But what is the world, and what are the things in the world?
1:789
Οὐ χρυσίον ἐστίν, οὐκ ἄργυρος, οὐχ ἵπποι, ἀλλ οὐδέ ἡμίονοι·
並非金子,並非銀子,並非馬匹,也並非騾子;
It is not gold, nor silver, nor horses, nor even mules;
1:790
ταῦτα γάρ πάντα, ὅσα καί ἡμῖν λειτουργοῦσιν εἰς χρείαν τοῦ σώματος, καί ἡμεῖς κεκτήμεθα
因為這一切為著身體所需而服事我們的東西,我們也都擁有。
for all these things, which minister to us for the body's need, we too possess.
1:791
Οὐ κρέας, οὐκ ἄρτος, οὐκ οἶνος·
並非肉、並非餅、並非酒;
It is not meat, nor bread, nor wine;
1:792
μεταλαμβάνομεν γάρ καί ἡμεῖς ἐκ τούτων καί ἐσθίομεν αὐτάρκως
因為我們也享用這些,並吃得足夠。
for we too partake of these and eat sufficiently.
1:793
Οὐκ οἶκοι, οὐ λουτρά, οὐ χωρίαἤ ἀμπελῶνες καί προάστεια·
並非房屋、並非澡堂、並非田地、也並非葡萄園與近郊的莊園;
It is not houses, nor baths, nor lands, nor vineyards and suburban estates;
1:794
αἱ λαῦραι γάρ καί τά μοναστήρια ἐκ τῶν τοιούτων συνίστανται
因為修道院區與眾修道院正是由這些東西構成的。
for the lauras and the monasteries are constituted from such things.
1:795
ἁμαρτία καί πρός τά πράγματα σχέσις ἐστίν, ἀδελφοί, καί τά πάθη
弟兄們,罪就是我們對事物的貪戀,以及各樣的情慾。
Sin, brothers, is our attachment to things, and the passions.
1:796
Τά δέ ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ Ἰωάννης Θεολόγος εἰπάτω, ἠγαπημένος τοῦ Χριστοῦ μαθητής·
至於世上的事物,就讓神學家約翰——基督所愛的門徒——來說罷:
But as for the things in the world, let John the Theologian speak, the beloved disciple of Christ:
1:797
Μή ἀγαπᾶτε γάρ, φησί, τόν κόσμον μηδέ τά ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ·
他說:「不要愛世界,也不要愛世界上的事物;
'Do not love,' he says, 'the world, nor the things in the world;
1:798
ὅτι πᾶν τό ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ, ἐπιθυμία τῆς σαρκός καί ἐπιθυμία τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν καί ἀλαζονεία τοῦ βίου, οὐκ ἔστιν ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός, ἀλλ ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου ἐστίν
因為凡世界上的事,就是肉體的私慾、眼目的私慾,並今生的驕傲,都不是從父來的,乃是從世界來的。」
for all that is in the world, the lust of the flesh and the lust of the eyes and the pride of life, is not of the Father, but is of the world.'
1:799
Εἰ οὖν ἡμεῖς τόν κόσμον ὅλον καταλιπόντες καί ἀποφυγόντες καί γεγονότες γυμνοί, ταῦτα οὐκ ἐφυλαξάμεθα, τί ἡμῖν τό ὄφελος ἐκ μόνης τῆς ἀναχωρήσεως γένοιτ ἄν;
所以,我們若撇下了全世界,逃離了它,赤身出來,卻在這些事上沒有謹守自己,那麼單單退隱又能給我們帶來甚麼益處呢?
If, therefore, having forsaken the whole world and fled from it and become naked, we have not guarded ourselves in these matters, what profit shall we have from our withdrawal alone?
1:800
Καί γάρ ὅθεν ἄν ἐξέλθωμεν καί ἐν οἷς ἄν καταντήσωμεν, τά αὐτά πράγματα πάλιν εὑρήσομεν·
因為無論我們從何處出來,又抵達何處,我們仍要再次遇見同樣的事物;
For wherever we may come out from and wherever we may arrive, we shall again find the same things;
1:801
πανταχοῦ γάρ ἄνθρωποι μόνοι ζῆν οὐ δυνάμεθα, πανταχοῦ τά πρός τήν σύστασιν τοῦ σώματος χρήζομεν ἐπιτήδεια, πανταχοῦ καί γυναῖκες καί παῖδες καί οἶνος καί παντοίων ἐστίν εἶδος καρπῶν·
因為我們身為人,無論在何處都不能獨自生活;無論在何處都需要維持身體所需的必需品;無論在何處都有婦女、孩童、酒,以及各樣的果實;
for everywhere, as men, we cannot live alone; everywhere we need the necessities for the sustenance of the body; everywhere there are women and children and wine and every kind of fruit;
1:802
ἐκ τούτων γάρ καί τῶν τοιούτων ἐστίν τῆς ζωῆς ἡμῶν σύστασις
因為我們生命的維繫正是出於這些及類似的事物。
for from these and such things comes the sustenance of our life.
1:803
Ἐάν τήν ἐπιθυμίαν ἔχωμεν τῆς σαρκός καί τήν ἐπιθυμίαν τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν καί τήν ἀλαζονείαν τῶν λογισμῶν, πῶς δυνησόμεθα ἐν μέσῳ αὐτῶν τῆς καθόλου ἁμαρτίας ἀποσχέσθαι καί μηδόλως τῷ ταύτης κέντρῳ πληγῆναι;
我們若懷有肉體的私慾、眼目的私慾,以及思念中的驕傲,我們又怎能在這些事物之中完全遠避罪惡,絲毫不被它的刺所傷呢?
If we have the lust of the flesh and the lust of the eyes and the pride of our thoughts, how shall we be able, in the midst of them, to abstain from sin altogether and not be wounded at all by its sting?
1:804
Ὅπερ πολλοί τῶν πάλαι καί τῶν νῦν ἁγίων, εὖ οἶδα, ἐφυλάξαντο () καί φυλάττουσι, μέσον τῶν τοῦ βίου πραγμάτων καί φροντίδων καί μεριμνῶν διατρίβοντες καί ἐν ἁγιότητι τελείᾳ τόν βίον αὐτῶν διανύοντες, καθώς Παῦλος μαρτυρεῖ περί τούτων καί τῶν τοιούτων λέγων·
我深知,古時與如今的許多聖徒,都曾謹守並仍謹守著這一點:他們生活在世上種種事務、掛慮與憂心之中,卻在完全的聖潔裏度過他們的一生,正如保羅論到這些人及類似的人所作的見證,說:
This is what many of the saints of old and of the present, I well know, have guarded and do guard, living in the midst of the affairs and cares and anxieties of life, yet passing their lives in perfect holiness—as Paul testifies concerning these and such as these, saying:
1:805
ἔχοντες ὦσι καί οἱ ἀγοράζοντες ὡς μή κατέχοντες καί οἱ χρώμενοι τῷ κόσμῳ ὡς μή καταχρώμενοι
「有妻子的,要像沒有妻子;置買的,要像無所擁有;用世物的,要像不濫用世物。」
'that those who have wives should be as though they had none, and those who buy as though they possessed nothing, and those who use the world as not making full use of it.'
1:806
Ἔξεστιν οὖν καί τά λοιπά ἐξ τούτων καταμαθεῖν·
既是如此,也就能從這些例子明白其餘的道理:
It is possible, then, to learn the rest also from these examples:
1:807
οἷον, τόν θυμούμενον μή ὀργίζεσθαι, τόν δικαιολογούμενον μηδόλως τῇ καρδίᾳ τοῖς λαλουμένοις προστίθεσθαι, τόν ἑαυτόν ἐκδικοῦντα ὡς νεκρόν εἶναι τῷ κόσμῳ τῇ τῆς ψυχῆς διαθέσει, τόν ἅπαξ τοιοῦτον γενόμενον ζητεῖν τε καί προθυμεῖσθαι μηδέ τοῦ ἰδίου φείδεσθαι σώματος
就是說,那被激怒的人不動怒;那被人與之爭辯的人,心裏絕不附和所說的言語;那自行伸冤的人,在魂的心志上向世界如同死了一般;那一旦成為這樣的人,就要尋求並竭力連自己的身體也不顧惜。
namely, for the one who is provoked not to grow angry; for the one who is being contended against by no means to assent in his heart to the words spoken; for the one who avenges himself to be as one dead to the world in the disposition of his soul; for the one who has once become such to seek and be eager not even to spare his own body.
1:808
Τοιοῦτοι γάρ καί ἐγένοντο καί καθ ἑκάστην γενεάν οἱ ἀγωνιζόμενοι γίνονται
因為古時的人便是這樣,而在每一世代中,那些奮力爭戰的人也都成為這樣的人。
For such were the men of old, and in every generation such do those who strive become.
1:809
Εἰ δέ μή τοιοῦτοι γενέσθαι σπουδάσομεν καί οὕτω τόν βίον ἡμῶν ἀνύομεν, τί ἐροῦμεν;
但我們若不殷勤要成為這樣的人,卻仍如此度日,我們還能說甚麼呢?
But if we shall not be diligent to become such, and yet thus pass our lives, what shall we say?
1:810
ὅτι Δόξης καί πλούτου κατεφρονήσαμεν; Ἀλλά πάντως ἐρεῖ ἡμῖν ὅτι·
難道說我們藐視了榮耀與財富麼?然而祂必定要對我們說:
That we despised glory and wealth? But surely He will say to us:
1:811
Φθόνον καί ἔριν καί ζῆλον οὐ κατελείψατε
「你們並未撇下嫉妒、紛爭與妒忌。」
'You did not forsake envy and strife and jealousy.'
1:812
Ὅτι δέ ταῦτα ἀλλοτριοῦσιν ἡμᾶς καί χωρίζουσιν ἀπό τοῦ Θεοῦ, λέγει θεῖος Ἰάκωβος, ἀπόστολος τοῦ Χριστοῦ·
至於這些事使我們與神疏遠、與神隔絕,這是神聖的雅各——基督的使徒——所宣告的:
And that these things estrange us and separate us from God, the divine James, the apostle of Christ, declares:
1:813
Εἰ δέ ζῆλον πικρόν ἔχετε ἔστι γάρ καί ἐπί καλῷ καί ζηλῶσαί τινα!
「你們若懷著苦毒的妒忌」——因為也有為善的妒忌,也有以美好的方式為某人熱心的!——
'But if you have bitter jealousy'—for there is also a jealousy for good, and to be zealous for someone in a good way!—
1:814
καί ἐριθείαν ἐν τῇ καρδίᾶ ὑμῶν, μή κατακαυχᾶσθε καί ψεύδεσθε κατά τῆς ἀληθείας, οὐκ ἔστιν αὕτη σοφία ἄνωθεν κατερχομένη, ἀλλά ἐπίγειος, ψυχική, δαιμονιώδης·
「以及在你們心中的爭競,就不可自誇,也不可違背真理說謊。這樣的智慧不是從上頭來的,乃是屬地的、屬魂的、屬鬼魔的;
'and rivalry in your hearts, do not boast and lie against the truth. This wisdom does not come down from above, but is earthly, natural, demonic;
1:815
ὅπου γάρ ζῆλος καί ἐρίθεια, ἐκεῖ καί ἀκαταστασία καί πᾶν φαῦλον πρᾶγμα, καί μετ ὀλίγα·
「因為在何處有妒忌與爭競,在那裏就有擾亂和各樣的壞事。」隨後不多幾句又說:
for where there is jealousy and rivalry, there is disorder and every vile deed'; and a little further on:
1:816
Αἰτεῖτε καί οὐ λαμβάνετε, διότι κακῶς αἰτεῖσθε, ἵνα ἐν ταῖς ἡδοναῖς ὑμῶν δαπανήσετε, καί ἐπιφέρει·
「你們求也得不著,是因為你們妄求,要浪費在你們的宴樂中。」他又接著說:
'You ask and do not receive, because you ask amiss, that you may spend it on your pleasures'; and he adds:
1:817
Μοιχοί καί μοιχαλίδες, () οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι φιλία τοῦ κόσμου ἔχθρα τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐστιν;
「你們這些淫亂的男女啊,豈不知與世界為友,就是與神為敵麼?
'You adulterers and adulteresses, do you not know that the friendship of the world is enmity with God?
1:818
ὅς ἄν οὖν βουληθῇ φίλος εἶναι τοῦ κόσμου, ἐχθρός τοῦ Θεοῦ καθίσταται
所以凡想要與世界為友的,就成了神的仇敵。」
Whosoever therefore desires to be a friend of the world makes himself an enemy of God.'
1:819
Σκόπει δέ ὅτι οὐκ εἶπε μόνον·
但要留意,他並非只說:
But observe that he did not say merely:
1:820
κόσμος ἐχθρός ἐστι τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἀλλά καί πρός τόν κόσμον φιλία·
「世界是神的仇敵」,乃是連對世界的友情也是如此。
'The world is an enemy of God,' but also the friendship toward the world.
1:821
Καί ὅτι ἀληθές ἐστι τοῦτο, ἄκουσον αὐτοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου λέγοντος·
至於這是真實的,且聽主自己所說的:
And that this is true, hear the Lord Himself saying:
1:822
Πᾶς ἐμβλέψας πρός τό ἐπιθυμῆσαι ἤδη ἐμοίχευσεν ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ καί πάλιν·
「凡看見婦女就動淫念的,這人心裏已經與她犯姦淫了。」又說:
'Everyone who looks in order to lust has already committed adultery in his heart'; and again:
1:823
Οὐκ ἐπιθυμήσεις τι τοῦ πλησίον σου
「不可貪戀你鄰舍的任何東西。」
'You shall not covet anything of your neighbor's.'
1:824
Δείκνυσι δέ διά τούτων ἡμῖν τῶν ῥημάτων, ὅτι οὐχ ποιῶν τήν ἁμαρτίαν αὐτός μόνος χωρίζεται τοῦ Θεοῦ καί ἐχθρός αὐτοῦ γίνεται, ἀλλά καί αὐτήν ἀγαπῶν καί ἐπιθυμῶν τινος, ἤτοι σχετικῶς τῇ καρδίᾳ πρός τι τῶν ἐπί γῆς διακείμενος, τοῦτο γάρ φιλία τοῦ κόσμου ἐστίν·
祂藉著這些話向我們表明:與神隔絕、成為神仇敵的,不僅是那親身犯罪的人,也包括那愛慕罪、貪戀某物的人,就是那在心中對地上某樣事物懷有貪戀之心的人;因為這正是與世界為友;
And by these words He shows us that it is not only the one who commits the sin himself who is separated from God and becomes His enemy, but also the one who loves it and who desires anything, that is, one who is disposed in his heart in attachment toward some earthly thing—for this is the friendship of the world;
1:825
ὥστε φανερῶς ἀποδέδεικται ὅτι, εἰ καί γυμνός πάντων ὑπάρχει τις καί μή πράττει ἔργῳ τήν οἱανοῦν ἁμαρτίαν, μόνον δέ ἀγαπῶν καί φιλῶν αὐτήν οἱονεί σχετικῶς πρός αὐτήν διακείμενος, ἐχθρός ἐστι τοῦ Θεοῦ, καθώς καί Ἰωάννης φησίν·
如此就清楚地顯明:即或有人赤身空乏,一無所有,也未在行為上犯任何的罪,卻僅僅愛慕它、珍惜它,彷彿在心裏對它懷有貪戀之情,這人便是神的仇敵,正如約翰所說的:
so that it is plainly demonstrated that even if someone is stripped bare of all things and does not commit any sin whatsoever in deed, yet merely loves and cherishes it, being disposed as it were in attachment toward it, he is an enemy of God, as John also says:
1:826
Ἐάν τις ἀγαπᾷ τόν κόσμον, οὐκ ἔστιν ἀγάπη τοῦ Πατρός ἐν αὐτῷ, ἀλλά καί Κύριος·
「人若愛世界,愛父的心就不在他裏面了。」主也說:
'If anyone loves the world, the love of the Father is not in him'; and the Lord also says:
1:827
Ἀγαπήσεις Κύριον τόν Θεόν σου ἐξ ὅλης τῆς διανοίας σου καί ἐξ ὅλης τῆς ἰσχύος σου καί ἐξ ὅλης τῆς ψυχῆς σου, ὥστε πρός ἕτερόν τι ἐπιθυμητικῶςἤ σχετικῶς διακείμενος τῆς ἐντολῆς ταύτης ἐκτός ἐστιν
「你要盡心、盡力、盡魂愛主你的神。」如此,凡在貪慾或貪戀中傾向於別的事物的人,便是在這條誡命之外了。
'You shall love the Lord your God with all your mind and with all your strength and with all your soul'; so that whoever is disposed in desire or in attachment toward some other thing is outside this commandment.
1:828
Ἡμεῖς δέ, οἱ ἄθλιοι καί ταλαίπωροι, τά μεγάλα καί περίδοξα καί ὑψηλά τοῦ κόσμου καταλιπόντες καί εἰς τό μοναστήριον ἐλθόντες, ἀγαπῶμεν οἱ μέν παλλία ἐκστίλβοντα, οἱ δέ ἱμάτια καλόχρυσα, οἱ δέ λώρους καί ἀναλάβους, ἄλλοι σανδάλια καί ὑποδήματα, ἄλλοι βρώματα ἡδέα καί () πόματα, ἕτεροι σμίλας καί ῥαφίδας καί μαχαίραςἤ καί τά τούτων εὐτελέστερα, δι ὧν τῆς ἀγάπης ἐκπίποντες τοῦ ἐπί πάντων βασιλέως Χριστοῦ καί ἐχθροί αὐτοῦ γενόμενοι, οὐκ αἰσθανόμεθα, ἀδελφοί!
但我們這些可憐又悲慘的人,既已撇下世界那偉大、榮耀、崇高的事物,來到了修道院,卻仍愛戀著——有的愛閃亮的披風,有的愛織金的華服,有的愛皮帶與肩衣,有的愛涼鞋與便鞋,有的愛甘美的飲食,還有的愛鑿子、針與刀,或是比這些更廉價的東西——我們藉著這些,從那萬有之上的君王基督的愛中墮落,成了祂的仇敵,弟兄們啊,我們竟毫無知覺!
But we, the wretched and miserable ones, having forsaken the great and glorious and lofty things of the world and having come to the monastery, love—some, glittering cloaks; others, fine gold-threaded garments; others, straps and scapulars; others, sandals and shoes; others, sweet foods and drinks; others still, chisels and needles and knives, or things even cheaper than these—through which we fall away from the love of Christ the King over all and become His enemies, and we do not perceive it, O brothers!
1:829
διἅ καί μέλλομεν ἄρα, εἰ μή προλαβόντες μετανοήσομεν καί πᾶσαν ἐπιθυμίαν κακήν καί πονηράν καί ἔριν καί ζῆλον καί ἀλαζονείαν ἐκ τῆς ψυχῆς ἡμῶν ἕκαστος ἐξορίσομεν, εἰς τό πῦρ τό αἰώνιον μετά τελωνῶν κα΄ἁμαρτωλῶν καί πλουσίων, τῶν ἐν ἀσωτίᾳ βιωσάντων, κατακριθήσεσθαι
為此,我們若不先行悔改,各人若不將一切邪惡、乖僻的慾望、紛爭、妒忌與驕傲從自己的魂中驅逐出去,就難免要與稅吏、罪人以及那些放蕩度日的富人一同,被定罪投入永火之中。
Wherefore we too are likely, if we do not first repent and each of us banish from our soul every evil and wicked desire and strife and jealousy and pride, to be condemned into the eternal fire together with tax collectors and sinners and the rich who lived in dissoluteness.
1:830
Διά τοῦτο οὖν σπουδάσωμεν, ἀδελφοί, πᾶσαν ἀρετήν ἐπιδείξασθαι, πᾶσαν δέ κακίαν καί πᾶν πάθος βδελύξασθαι ἀπό ψυχῆς καί μισῆσαι πᾶν πρᾶγμα μικρόνἤ μέγα, φέρει ταῖς ψυχαῖς ἡμῶν κίνδυνον·
所以,弟兄們,讓我們殷勤顯出各樣的美德,從心底裏厭棄各樣的惡行與各樣的情慾,並恨惡一切給我們的魂帶來危險的事物,無論是小是大;
Therefore, brothers, let us be diligent to display every virtue, and to abhor from our soul every vice and every passion, and to hate every thing, small or great, that brings danger to our souls;
1:831
βλέψωμεν εἰς τά δεξιά τοῦ Θεοῦ παρισταμένους τούς ἀδελφούς ἡμῶν καί πατέρας καί κατακρίνοντας ἡμᾶς, οἱ ἡγούμενοι ἑκάστου, λέγω, μοναστηρίου τούς ἐν τοῖς αὐτοῖς μοναστηρίοις εὐαρεστήσαντας τῷ Κυρίῳ, οἱ ἐν διακονίαις τούς ἐν ταῖς αὐταῖς διακονίαις λάμψαντας ὡς φωστῆρας, οἱ ἐν ὑποταγῇ καί ἐργοχείροις τούς ἐν τοῖς ὁμοίοις διαπρέψαντας ἔργοις καί ἐν ταῖς αὐταῖς ἐλαχίσταιςἤ καί προτιμοτέραις δουλείαις, ἐστεφανωμένους ὄντας μετά τῶν ἁγίων μαρτύρων, οἱ τήν νεότητα μολύναντες τούς τήν νεότητα χαλιναγωγήσαντας, οἱ ἐν τελειότητι ἡλικίας ἐκ ῥᾳθυμίας πεσόντες τούς ἀπό νεότητος μέχρι γήρως ἐγκαρτερήσαντας τῷ τῆς σαρκός πολέμῳ () καί φυλάξαντας τήν ἑαυτῶν σωφροσύνην, οἱ ἐν γήρᾳ καί μέχρι τέλους τά τῶν παίδων τῶν ἀναισθήτων διαπραττόμενοι τούς ἐν γήρᾳ ἀποκειραμένους καί πᾶσαν κακήν συνήθειαν ἥν ἀπό νεότητος προσελάβοντο διά τόν τοῦ Θεοῦ φόβον ἐν μικρῷ χρόνῳ ἐγκόψαντας, οἱ γελῶντες τούς νυνί κλαίοντας, οἱ τρυφῶντες καί πρός τῆς τετυπωμένης ὥρας ἐσθίοντες τούς μηδέ ἐν τῷ καιρῷ τοῦ ἀρίστου κορεννυμένους, οἱ παίζοντες τούς ἐν στυγνότητι καί ὠχρότητι ὄντας διηνεκεῖ ἀπό τῆς μνήμης τῆς φοβερᾶς ἐκείνης καί τῶν ἰδίων ἁμαρτημάτων αὐτῶν, οἱ ἀπό πλούτου καί δόξης ἐλθόντες εἰς τό μοναχικόν καί ταπεινωθῆναι καί μικρόν μή θελήσαντες τούς ἀπό πτωχείας ἐσχάτης ἐλθόντας καί σύν ἡμῖν βιοτεύσαντας, διά δέ τήν ταπείνωσιν αὐτῶν ὑπέρ πολλούς τῶν μετ αὐτῶν ἱσταμένων εἰς τά δεξιάβασιλέων, λέγω, καί πατριαρχῶνἐνδοξοτέρους ὑπάρχοντας, τῇ ταπεινώσει αὐτῶν ὄντως κεκοσμημένους
讓我們注視那些站在神右邊、要定我們罪的弟兄與父老們——我是指:各修道院的院長,要定那些在同一修道院中討主喜悅之人;那些在職事中的人,要定那些在同樣職事中如光體般發光之人;那些在順服與手工勞作中的人,要定那些在相似的工作、在同樣卑微或更受尊崇的服事中出類拔萃、與眾聖殉道者一同得冠冕之人;那些玷污了自己青春的人,要定那些約束了自己青春之人;那些在壯年因懶惰而墮落的人,要定那些從幼年到老年在肉體的爭戰中忍耐持守、保全了自己貞潔之人;那些直到年老臨終仍行無知孩童之事的人,要定那些在年老時受剃度、因著敬畏神而在短時間內就割除了自幼所染一切惡習之人;那些嬉笑的人,要定那些如今哀哭之人;那些放縱、在規定時辰之前就進食的人,要定那些連正餐之時也不肯吃飽之人;那些嬉戲玩耍的人,要定那些因常常記念那可畏之日與自己的罪,以致常在憂鬱與蒼白之中的人;那些從富貴與榮耀進入修道生活、卻連一點也不肯自卑的人,要定那些從極度貧窮出來、與我們一同生活、卻因謙卑而比許多與他們一同站在右邊之人(我是指君王與宗主教)更為榮耀之人——他們實在是被自己的謙卑所裝飾的。
let us look at our brothers and fathers standing at the right hand of God and condemning us—the superiors, I mean, of each monastery condemning those in the same monasteries who were pleasing to the Lord; those in the ministries condemning those who shone like luminaries in the same ministries; those in obedience and manual labor condemning those who excelled in like works and in the same lowly or more esteemed services, being crowned together with the holy martyrs; those who defiled their youth condemning those who bridled their youth; those who fell through sloth in the fullness of their age condemning those who endured from youth to old age in the warfare of the flesh and preserved their own chastity; those who in old age and until the end do the things of senseless children condemning those who were tonsured in old age and, through the fear of God, cut off in a short time every evil habit they had acquired from youth; those who laugh condemning those who now weep; those who indulge and eat before the appointed hour condemning those who are not sated even at the time of the meal; those who play condemning those who are in continual gloom and pallor from the memory of that fearful day and of their own sins; those who came from wealth and glory to the monastic life and yet were unwilling to be humbled even a little, condemning those who came from utmost poverty and lived their lives with us, yet through their humility are more glorious than many of those standing at the right hand with them—kings, I mean, and patriarchs—being truly adorned with their humility.
1:832
Ἆρα οὖν, ἀδελφοί μου ἀγαπητοί, ἔγνωτε τί εἶπον;
那麼,我親愛的弟兄們,你們明白我所說的話了麼?
Have you then, my beloved brothers, understood what I said?
1:833
Ἆρα οἴδατε ὁποία αἰσχύνη τότε ἡμῖν ἔσται;
你們知道那時我們將要蒙受何等的羞愧麼?
Do you know what kind of shame shall then be ours?
1:834
Ἤλθετε εἰς αἴσθησιν τῆς ὥρας ἐκείνης, ἵνα τά αὐτά καί πάλιν ἐρῶ εἰς ὠφέλειαν ἐμοῦ καί τῶν ὁμοίων μου ἀμελῶν;
你們是否已對那時辰有所感悟,還是我要為著我自己與像我這樣怠惰之人的益處,再把同樣的話重述一遍呢?
Have you come to a perception of that hour, or shall I say the same things yet again for the profit of myself and of my negligent fellows like me?
1:835
Τοιγαροῦν καί ἐν ἡμῖν αὐτοῖς οὕτως ἔσται ἐν τῇ φοβερᾷ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ καί πολλοί τῶν ἡμετέρων ἀδελφῶν εὑρεθῶσιν ἐν δεξιᾷ ἱστάμενοι τοῦ Θεοῦ μετά δόξης, πολλοί δέ ἐξ εὐωνύμων κατακρινόμενοι ὑπ αὐτῶν
如此說來,即或在我們自己中間,在那可畏之日也必是這樣:我們的弟兄中有許多要被查出在榮耀中站在神的右邊,卻也有許多要被他們從左邊定罪。
So then, even among us ourselves it shall be thus on that fearful day, and many of our brothers shall be found standing at the right hand of God in glory, while many shall be condemned by them from the left.
1:836
Καί πῶς οὐχί, ὁπηνίκα δύο ἐπί τό αὐτό ἀποταξάμενοι, ὁμότεχνοι, λιθοξόοι τυχόνἤ τέκτονες, αἱ δύο νέοι καί καθαροί ἀπό πάσης σωματικῆς ἁμαρτίας καί ἐκ πενήτων ὄντες, μέν εἷς γένηται ἐκ προαιρέσεως πάσης ἀρετῆς () ἐργάτης, δέ ἕτερος πάσης κακίας καί πονηρίας;
怎能不是這樣呢?當有兩個同時棄絕世界、同操一藝的人——譬如說石匠或木匠——二人都年輕、都潔淨無任何肉體之罪、且都出身貧寒,其中一個憑著自己的抉擇成了各樣美德的工人,另一個卻成了各樣惡行與乖僻的工人。
And how not so, when two who renounced the world at the same time, of the same craft—stonemasons, say, or carpenters—both young and pure from every bodily sin and both from poor families, the one becomes by his own choice a worker of every virtue, while the other becomes a worker of every vice and wickedness?
1:837
οὐχί τοῦτο καθ ἑκάστην ὁρῶμεν γινόμενον μέσον ἡμῶν;
難道我們不是天天在我們中間看見這事發生麼?
Or do we not see this happening every day in our midst?
1:838
Καί τόν μέν ὁρῶμεν τῶν δύο τούτων ταπεινόν, εὐπειθῆ, ὑπήκοον, ὡς δοῦλον Θεοῦ καί οὐκ ἀνθρώπων συναναστρεφόμενον ἡμῖν καί διακονοῦντα μετά πίστεως πάσης τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς, τό φρόνημα ταπεινόν ἔχοντα καί συντετριμμένον, καί οὕτω πως καθ ἑαυτόν λογιζόμενον καί λέγοντατοῦτο μεμαθηκότες ἀπό τῆς ἐξομολογήσεως αὐτοῦ τῆς καθ ἡμέραν καί ἀπό τῶν πολλάκις διερωτώντων αὐτόν καί οὕτως ἀποκρινομένου αὐτοῖς·
我們看見這二人中的一個是謙卑、柔順、順從的,與我們交往時如同神的奴僕而非人的奴僕,並以完全的信心服事眾弟兄,存著謙卑痛悔的心志,並如此在自己裏面思想、如此說——這是我們從他每日的認罪,以及從那些屢次盤問他、他又如此回答他們的話中得知的:
And we see the one of these two humble, docile, obedient, associating with us as a slave of God and not of men, and ministering with all faith to the brothers, having a humble and contrite mind, and thus reasoning within himself and saying—this we have learned from his daily confession and from those who often questioned him, to whom he thus answered:
1:839
Ἐγώ, φησί, τίμιε πάτερ, καί ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ ὤν, μόλις ἐν στενότητι ἠδυνάμην πορίζεσθαι μετά κόπου πολλοῦ τήν ἐμαυτοῦ τροφήν
他說:「可敬的父啊,就是我在世界的時候,也僅僅是在窘迫中、費了許多辛勞,才能供給我自己的食物。
'I, honored father,' he says, 'even when I was in the world, could scarcely, in straitened circumstances and with much toil, provide my own food.
1:840
Καί ὧδε ἐλθών, πῶς ἀμελήσω τοῦ ἔργου καί φάγω ἄρτον τῆς μονῆς δωρεάν καί ἀπαιτηθήσομαι αὐτόν ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῆς κρίσεως;
如今我既來到這裏,我怎能怠忽工作,白吃修道院的餅,以致在審判之日要為此被追討呢?」
And now that I have come here, how shall I be negligent of the work and eat the bread of the monastery for nothing, and be required to account for it on the day of judgment?'
1:841
Ἀλλ ἐπεί τῷ Θεῷ ἦλθον δουλεύειν, ἀγωνίσομαι καί ὑπερπερισσεῦσαι τό ἔργον τῆς τροφῆς μου, ὅσον εἰς δύναμιν, καί ὑποταγῶ τῷ προεστῶτι καί πᾶσι τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς μου μέχρι θανάτου ἀγογγύστως, ὡς αὐτῷ τῷ Χριστῷ, εἰς μηδέν τό σύνολον παρακούων αὐτῶν , τόν δέ κενόδοξον, ἀνυπότακτον, ἀπειθῆ, καί οὕτω καί αὐτόν ἐξ ἐναντίας ἐκείνου λογιζόμενον καθ ἑαυτόν καί λέγοντα·
但既然我已來事奉神,我就要竭力勞苦,甚至超乎尋常,盡我所能地為自己的口糧工作,並要順服院長和我所有的弟兄,至死無怨言,如同順服基督自己,在任何事上都毫不違背他們;然而那愛虛榮的人卻是不受管束、不肯順從的,他自己心裡所思想的與此全然相反,說:
But since I have come to serve God, I will strive to labor even beyond measure for my own bread, so far as I am able, and I will submit myself to the superior and to all my brethren, even unto death, without murmuring, as though to Christ Himself, in nothing whatsoever disobeying them; whereas the vainglorious man is unruly and disobedient, and reasons with himself in a manner altogether contrary to this, saying:
1:842
Ἰδού δή ἔπεμψέ μοι Θεός οἶκον, ἄρτον καί οἶνον καί ἀφθόνους τροφάς
看哪,如今神已賜給我房舍、餅、酒和豐盛的食物!
Behold now, God has sent me a house, bread and wine and abundant provisions!
1:843
Ἐγενόμην συναρίθμιος τοῖς πρώτοις, καί πρῶτος τοῖς μετ ἐμέ ἐρχομένοις, καί ἀδελφός εἰμι τούτων πάντων, θελόντων καί μή θελόντων αὐτῶν
我已被列入首要的人中,對那些在我之後來的人我居首位,我又是這眾人的弟兄,無論他們願意與否。
I have been numbered among the first, and I am first to those who come after me, and I am brother to all these, whether they will it or not.
1:844
Τοῦ λοιποῦ φάγομαι καί πίομαι καί ὑπνώσω εἰς κόρον
從今以後我要吃喝,睡到飽足。
Henceforth I shall eat and drink and sleep to my fill.
1:845
Ἐάν γάρ καί εἰς δουλείας τινάς μοι ἐπιτάξωσι, προβαλοῦμαι πρῶτον ἀδυναμίαν·
因為他們若吩咐我去做甚麼勞役,我必先推托說自己無能為力;
For if they should assign me to any tasks of service, I will first plead my incapacity;
1:846
() ἐάν δέ καί ἀναγκάσωσί με, εἴπω πρός αὐτούς·
他們若勉強我,我就對他們說:
and if they compel me, I will say to them:
1:847
Καί ἐάν μή δύνωμαι τοῦτο ποιῆσαι, ἵνα με ἀποπνίξητε, ἵνα με διώξητε, ἐάν μή ἰσχύω:
我若不能做這事,那就掐死我吧,就把我趕走吧,倘若我實在沒有力氣!
And if I am unable to do this, then choke me, then drive me away, if indeed I have no strength for it!
1:848
Καί οὕτω προσποιήσομαι κλαίειν, κραυγάσω, ἔκλυσιν προβαλοῦμαι γονάτων, σκοτοῦσθαι προφασίσομαι, τήν κεφαλήν μου ἀπό χολῆς ὀχλεῖσθαι εἴπω, καί τούτου γε ἕνεκα δυνήσομαι εὐλόγως δῆθεν καί ἀπό πρωῒας ἐσθίειν, ἀναθεματίζειν ἄρξομαι καί βλασφημεῖν καί ἐπί πᾶσι τοῖς ἐπιταττομένοις μοι ἀντιλογήσομαι ὁμοῦ καί γογγύσω·
於是我要假裝哭泣、大聲喊叫,佯作雙膝發軟,藉口說頭暈眼花,說我的頭因膽汁而不適;並且正為這緣故,我就能名正言順地(表面看來如此)連清早也吃東西了。我要開始咒詛、褻瀆,並且對凡吩咐我的事,一面爭辯,一面發怨言。
And thus I will pretend to weep, I will cry aloud, I will feign a giving-way of the knees, I will make excuse of being dizzy, I will say my head is troubled by bile; and for this very reason I shall be able, under a plausible pretext forsooth, to eat even from early morning. I will begin to utter curses and blasphemies, and against everything commanded me I will both dispute and murmur at once.
1:849
Εἰ δέ καί δώσουσί μοι ἔργα τινά εὐτελῆ καί διακονίαν ὡσαύτως ποτέ, καταφρονήσω αὐτῆς
同樣地,他們若有時派給我一些卑微的工作或低賤的服事,我也必藐視它。
And likewise, if at any time they should give me some menial work or lowly service, I will treat it with contempt.
1:850
Οἷον, εἰ μέν τοῖς ἡμιόνοις προστάξουσί μοι δουλεύειν, προφασίσομαι μή εἰδέναι τήν δουλείαν αὐτῶν καί ἐάσω αὐτά ἀφιλοκάλητα καί ἀνεπιμέλητα μετά πάντων τῶν στρωμάτων αὐτῶν·
例如,他們若吩咐我照料騾子,我就推說不懂如何服事牠們,任由那些牲口連同牠們一切的鋪墊,無人整理、無人照管;
For instance, if they command me to tend the mules, I will make excuse that I do not know how to serve them, and I will leave the beasts uncared-for and unattended, together with all their coverings;
1:851
καίἤ ἐάσουσί με ἀναγκασθέντεςἤ ἕτερον δώσουσιν εἰς βοήθειάν μου, κἀκείνου πάσας ἐπιτελοῦντος τάς χρείας, ὀλίγον ἐγώ τι ποιῶν, ἀναπαύομαι
他們若非無可奈何而由著我,就是另派一人來幫助我;而當那人辦妥一切所需的事務時,我只稍微做一點,便安然歇息。
and they will either leave me be, being compelled, or they will give me another for my assistance; and while he performs all the necessary duties, I, doing but a little something, take my rest.
1:852
Εἰ δέ ἀρτοποιόν προστάξουσί με γενέσθαι, προμαρτύρομαι μεθ ὑποκρίσεως, ὡς ἄν μή καταγνωσθῶ ὡς παρήκοος, λέγων αὐτοῖς·
他們若吩咐我去當烤餅的,我就假意先聲明——免得被定為不順服的——對他們說:
And if they command me to become a baker, I forewarn them with hypocrisy—so that I may not be condemned as disobedient—saying to them:
1:853
Ἐγώ, πατέρες, οὐδέποτε ἐθεασάμην ἄρτον πῶς γίνεται, καί οὕτως ἀπελθών ποιήσω αὐτοῖς τόν ἄρτον πηλόν, αὐτοί δέ μή ὑποφέροντες τοῦτον φαγεῖν, οὐκέτι με εἰς τήν τοιαύτην καταναγκάσουσι διακονίαν
眾位神父,我從來沒見過餅是怎麼做的;如此,我一去便把他們的餅做成一團爛泥,而他們既不能忍受吃這樣的東西,就不再勉強我去做那種服事了。
I, fathers, have never once seen how bread is made; and so, going off, I will make their bread into mud, and they, unable to bear eating such a thing, will no longer force me into that kind of service.
1:854
Εἰ δέ καί εἰς τό μαγειρεῖον διακονεῖν τάξουσιν αὐτόν, οὐκ οἶδε ταπεινωθῆναι τῷ προεστῶτι αὐτοῦ καί βαλεῖν μετάνοιαν, ἀλλά λέγει αὐθαδῶς πρός αὐτόν·
他們若派他在廚房服事,他也不懂在他的院長面前謙卑下來、俯伏懺悔,反倒放肆地對他說:
And if they appoint him to serve in the kitchen, he does not know how to humble himself before his superior and to make a prostration, but says to him arrogantly:
1:855
Πάτερ, ἐκ πάντων μόνον ἐμέ ἐξελέξω εἰς τάς ἀτίμους δουλείας;
神父啊,在眾人之中,你單單揀選了我去做那不體面的差役嗎?
Father, out of all, was it only me you chose for the dishonorable tasks?
1:856
Οὐκ εἰσί καί ἄλλοι ἐν τῇ μονῇ ἀδελφοί; καί ταῦτα μέν λέγει, ὥστε παρακρούσασθαι τήν προστασσομένην αὐτῷ διακονίαν·
難道修道院裡沒有別的弟兄嗎?他說這些話,是要推卻吩咐他的服事;
Are there not other brethren also in the monastery? And these things he says in order to fend off the service commanded him;
1:857
() ἐάν δέ ἴδῃ τήν ἔνστασιν τοῦ ἡγουμένου, τέως ἀπέρχεται οὐ διά τόν Θεόν ἀλλά φοβούμενος τήν παιδείαν καί τάς μάστιγας, ἀπερχόμενος δέ καί γογγύζων λέγει ἐν ἑαυτῷ·
但他若見院長堅定不移,終究還是去了——並非為了神,而是懼怕責罰與鞭打——他一面去,一面發怨言,心裡對自己說:
but if he sees the firmness of the abbot, he goes off at last—not for God's sake, but out of fear of the discipline and the scourges—and as he goes, murmuring, he says within himself:
1:858
Τέλεια καί καλά ἔχουσι φαγεῖν ἐξ ὧν μαγειρεύσω ἐγώ!
他們可要從我所烹煮的,吃上一頓「完美佳餚」了!
A fine and excellent meal they shall have to eat, from what I cook!
1:859
Ἐάν μή ποιήσω αὐτούς νήστεις ἐκ τῆς τραπέζης ἐξαναστῆναιἤ ἐξεμέσαι ὅσα ἄν φάγωσιν, οὐκ εἰμί ἐγώ! καί ἁπλῶς οὕτω πάντα ποιεῖ μετά μανίας πολλῆς ἄθλιος
我若不叫他們仍舊空著肚子離席,或把所吃的都嘔吐出來,我就不算是我!這可憐的人就這樣以極大的瘋狂行盡一切事。
If I do not make them rise from the table still fasting, or vomit up whatever they may have eaten, then I am not myself! And in just such a manner the wretched man does everything with great madness.
1:860
Καί τήν μέν μαγειρίαν τῶν ἀδελφῶν ὡσαύτως καί τό ὄσπριον αὐτῶν καπνίζει καί παρακαίει αὐτά, ἐμβάλλων πάντα ἄπλυτα καί ἀκαθάριστα εἰς τάς χύτρας, καί ἅλας ἐν αὐτοῖς ὑπέρ τό μέτρον βάλλει ποιῶν ἅλμην αὐτά, τό δέ θερμόν αὐτῶν χλιαρόν εἶναι ἐᾷ ἵνα ἀηδεσθέντες ἐκταραχθῶσιν ἐμέσαι τά βρώματα·
於是弟兄們的飯菜、他們的豆羹,他都弄得焦煙滿佈、烤糊了,把一切未洗未淨之物都丟進鍋裡;又把鹽撒進去超過分量,使之變成鹹滷;他們的熱湯,他任其溫吞,好叫弟兄們生厭噁心,以至於把食物嘔吐出來;
And so the brethren's cooking, and likewise their pulse, he smokes and scorches, throwing everything unwashed and uncleaned into the pots; and he casts salt into them beyond measure, turning them into brine; and their broth he leaves lukewarm, so that they, being disgusted, may be so upset as to vomit up the food;
1:861
ἐάν δέ εἴπῃ αὐτῷ ἀδελφόςἤ καί ἀποστείλῃ τι πρός τό ἑψῆσαι καί εὐτρεπίσαι αὐτό, λέγει ἀναισχύντως·
弟兄若對他說話,甚至差人送些東西來,叫他去煮熟、預備妥當,他就厚顏無恥地說:
and if a brother tells him, or even sends something to him to boil and prepare it, he says shamelessly:
1:862
Ἐκέλευσε τίνα κῦρι τόν δοῦλον αὐτοῦ!
瞧這位「大老爺」,竟給他的奴僕下令了!
So he has given his slave orders, has he, the lord!
1:863
Οὐά, ἕως τότε μή φάγῃ, ἕως οὗ ἐγώ ἐγγίσωἤ εὐτρεπίσω αὐτά!
哼!在那之前叫他別想吃,得等我動手、把它預備好!
Ha! Until then let him not eat, until I get to it or prepare it!
1:864
Καί οὕτως ἐπί πᾶσι ποιοῦντος αὐτοῦ, εἰς μόνας ἐκείνας εὑρίσκεται προπηδῶν καί ἐπιτρέχων διακονίας ὁμοῦ καί δουλείας, ἔνθα γινώσκει ὁδόν ἔχειν αὐτόν κλέψαι τιἤ νοσφίσασθαι·
他在凡事上既是這般行事,唯獨在那些他曉得有機會可偷取或私吞甚麼的服事與差役上,才見他爭先恐後、飛奔前去;
And while he acts thus in all things, only in those services and tasks is he found leaping forward and hastening where he knows he has a way to steal something or purloin it;
1:865
καί ἐάν μή μᾶλλον παρά πάντας προτιμηθῇ, φανερῶς λυπεῖται καί κρυπτῶς πρός τούς ὁμοίους αὐτοῦ καταγογγύζει θλιβόμενος·
他若不被看重過於眾人,就公然憂愁,並暗地向與他同類的人發怨言,滿心苦惱;
and if he is not preferred above all others, he is openly grieved, and secretly murmurs to his fellows, distressed;
1:866
ὅταν δέ ἐπί τοῖς τοιούτοις ἐπιταγῇ, ὡς ἀπό νεκρῶν καί ὡς ἀπό τοῦ ᾅδου ἐγείρεται καί εὐθύς γάνυται τῷ προσώπῳ καί οἱ ὀφθαλμοί αὐτοῦ χαροποιοί γίνονται
然而當他被派去辦這類事時,他便如同從死人中、如同從陰間裡復起,臉上頓時容光煥發,眼中滿了喜樂。
but when he is charged with such matters, he rises as though from the dead and as though from Hades, and straightway his face grows radiant and his eyes become full of joy.
1:867
Κἄν ἀπό πολλῆς πονηρίας ὑποκρίνεσθαι βουληθῇ διά τό μή καταγνωσθῆναι, ἀλλ οὐδ οὕτω λαθεῖν τούς ὁρῶντας δύναται·
縱使他出於極大的狡詐,想要掩飾,免得被人識破,但即便如此,他也逃不過旁觀者的眼目;
And even if, out of much cunning, he should wish to dissemble so as not to be found out, yet not even so can he escape the notice of those who watch;
1:868
ὅταν γάρ ἄλλοθεν οὐδαμόθεν ἀλλ ἐκ τοῦ μή γογγύσαιἤ ἀναβαλέσθαι μικρόν, ὡς ἐν πάσαις διακονίαις () ποιεῖν ἔθος ἦν αὐτῷ, διαγινώσκεται
因為並非別的緣故,單單從他不發怨言、也不稍加推延(這原是他在一切服事中慣常的行徑),他就露了餡。
for from no other source, but simply from his not murmuring or putting it off a little—as had been his custom to do in all his services—he is found out.
1:869
Φοβεῖται γάρ ὅλως ἐν ταύτῃ εἰπεῖν τι, ἵνα μή ἄλλος ἀντ ἐκείνου ἀπολυθῇ καί καταλειφθῇ οὗτος ἄπρακτος
因為他在這事上實在不敢說甚麼,唯恐有別人代替他被打發去,而他自己卻被撇下無事可做。
For he is altogether afraid to say anything in this matter, lest another be released instead of him and this one be left with nothing to do.
1:870
ἐλθών θάνατος ἁρπάσῃ ἀμφοτέρους αὐτούς, καί ἐν τῇ φοβερᾷ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ γυμνός καί κατῃσχυμένος ἐξ ἀριστερῶν ἱστάμενος πονηρός ἐκεῖνος λέγω , ἀποβλεψάμενος ἴδῃ ἐν τοῖς δεξιοῖς τόν ποτε μετ αὐτοῦ συναποκαρέντα καί συνεσθίοντα καί συμπίνοντα, τόν ὁμοήλικα, τόν ὁμότεχνον, ὅλον ὡς ἐκεῖνον αὐτόν τόν Χριστόν ἐν μεγάλῃ δόξᾳ ὑπάρχοντα, τί τότε ὅλως ἰσχύσει εἰπεῖνἤ φθέγξασθαι;
及至死亡臨到,把他們二人一同攫去,在那可畏的日子,他——我說的就是那惡人——赤身蒙羞地站在左邊,舉目卻見右邊有一位,就是昔日與他一同受剃度、一同吃喝的人,是他的同齡、他的同行,如今整個人都在極大的榮耀中,如同基督自己一般——那時他還能說甚麼、發甚麼言語呢?
When death comes and snatches away both of them, and on that fearful day he—that wicked one, I mean—standing naked and put to shame on the left hand, looking up shall behold on the right the one who was once tonsured with him and ate and drank with him, his equal in age, his fellow in craft, the whole of him existing in great glory like Christ Himself—what then will he be able at all to say or utter?
1:871
Ὄντως, ἀδελφοί μου, οὐδέν!
我的弟兄們,實在是一無所言!
Truly, my brethren, nothing at all!
1:872
Ἀλλἀ στένων καί τρέμων καί τούς ὀδόντας βρύχων ἀπελεύσεται εἰς τό αἰώνιον πῦρ
他只能歎息、戰兢、咬牙切齒,往那永火裡去。
But groaning and trembling and gnashing his teeth, he shall depart into the eternal fire.
1:873
Οὕτως οὖν ἕκαστος ἡμῶν τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν ὑπό ἑκάστου τῶν ἁγίων κατακριθήσεται, ὥσπερ οἱ ἄπιστοι ὑπό τῶν πιστῶν καί οἱ ἁμαρτήσαντες μέν, μή μετανοήσαντες δέ, ὑπό τῶν πλείονα ἴσως ἁμαρτησάντων καί θερμῶς μετανοησάντων κατακριθήσονται
如此,我們這些罪人中的每一個,都要被眾聖徒中的每一位定罪,正如不信的人被信的人定罪一樣;那些犯了罪卻不悔改的人,也要被那些或許犯罪更多、卻熱切悔改的人定罪。
So then each one of us sinners shall be condemned by each of the saints, just as the unbelievers by the believers, and those who have sinned but not repented shall be condemned by those who have perhaps sinned more but repented fervently.
1:874
Διά τοῦτο παρακαλῶ καί δέομαι ὑμῶν πάντων, ἵνα εἰ ἐπίστασθε ἑαυτούς πονηρόν τι ποιεῖν και ἐξαμαρτάνειν καί τάς ἰδίας ὑμῶν τιτρώσκειν καί ἀπολύειν ψυχάς, κἄν ἀπό τοῦ νῦν διορθώσησθε καί μετάνοιαν ἀξίαν τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων αὐτοῦ ἕκαστος ὑμῶν ἐπιδείξησθε καί παντί τρόπῳ σπουδάσητε ἐκ δεξιῶν στῆναι τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν καί Θεοῦ
所以我勸勉並懇求你們眾人:你們若察覺自己在行甚麼惡事、犯罪、損傷並斷送自己的靈魂,就當從今以後改正過來,你們各人都要顯出與自己的罪相稱的悔改,並竭盡各樣方法,力求站在我們的救主和神的右邊。
Therefore I exhort and beseech you all, that if you are aware of yourselves doing anything wicked and sinning and wounding and destroying your own souls, then from now on set yourselves right, and let each of you show forth a repentance worthy of his sins, and by every means strive to stand on the right hand of our Savior and God.
1:875
Ὅσοι δέ () μικρά τινα σφάλλεσθαι ἑαυτούς συγγινώσκετε, μετά σφοδρᾶς καί ταῦτα τῆς ταχύτητος ἀπορρίψατε ἀφ ἑαυτῶν, ἵνα μή διά τά μικρά ταῦτα ἐξ ἀριστερῶν καί ὑμεῖς, ὡς πᾶσα Γραφή διαμαρτυρουμένη λέγει, σταθήσησθε, καί μή ὡς μηδαμινά καί μικρά, ἀλλ ὡς μεγάλα ταῦτα καί ἔχετε καί λογίζεσθε
你們中間凡自知陷於某些小過犯的,也當以格外的迅速把它們從自己身上拋開,免得你們也因這些小事被置於左邊,正如全部聖經所見證、所宣告的;不要把這些當作無足輕重、微不足道的事,倒要視之為大事,並如此看待。
And as many of you as are conscious of falling into some small faults, cast them away from yourselves with all the more swiftness, lest for the sake of these small things you too should be set on the left hand, as all Scripture testifies and declares; and do not regard and reckon these as things of no account and small, but as great.
1:876
γάρ εἰς τά μικρά σφάλλων ἑκουσίως, τῶν δέ μεγάλων ἁμαρτημάτων ἀπεχόμενος, περισσοτέρως κατακριθήσεται, ὅτι τῶν μειζόνων κρατήσας ὑπό τῶν ἐλαττόνων ἐκυριεύθη
因為那甘心在小事上跌倒、卻遠避大罪的人,反要受更重的定罪,因為他既勝過了較大的罪,卻反被較小的所轄制。
For he who willingly falls in small things, while abstaining from great sins, shall be all the more condemned, because, having mastered the greater, he was overcome by the lesser.
1:877
Ἀρκεῖ γάρ εἰς ἀπώλειαν καί ἕν μόνον ἡμῖν πάθος, καθώς ἀνωτέρω εἶπον καί αὐτούς ὑμῖν τούς ἁγίους ἀποστόλους, Ἰωάννην φημί καί Ἰάκωβον, εἰς μαρτυρίαν παρήγαγον
因為單單一種情慾就足以使我們沉淪,正如我在上文所說,並且引了那兩位聖使徒——我是指約翰和雅各——作為你們的見證。
For one single passion suffices for our destruction, as I said above and brought forward the holy Apostles themselves—I mean John and James—to you as a testimony.
1:878
Ἵνα δέ καί διά παραδείγματος ὑμῖν δείξω τό τοῦ λόγου πιστόν, τοῦτο ὑμᾶς ἐρωτήσω
為要藉一個例子向你們顯明這話的可信,我要問你們這件事。
And that I may show you by an example the trustworthiness of this saying, I will ask you this.
1:879
πρός δέκα ἄνδρας ἔχων τήν μάχηνἤ καί πρός δώδεκα, ἀδελφοί, ἐν τῷ συμβαλεῖν πόλεμον μετ αὐτῶν, ἐάν τούς προμάχους μέν καί ἀνδρειοτέρους αὐτῶν ἀθρόως ἐκ πρώτης προσβολῆς ἅπαντας τρέψῃ καί τρώσας καταβάλῃ, ἕνα δέἤ καί δύο ἐκ τούτων ταλαιπωροτέρουςἤ καί ἀσθενεστέρους ὕστερον καταλειφθέντας ἰδών καί μετά φόβου καί κολακείας ἐπερχομένους αὐτῷ ἀπό μακρόθεν, οὐ σπεύσας κρατήσει καί ἐξαγκωνίσας δεσμεύσειἤ καί κατασφάξει αὐτούς, οὐ δεινῶς ἀναιρεθήσεται ὑπ αὐτῶν;
弟兄們,那與十人、甚至十二人爭戰的人,當他與他們交鋒時——他若在第一次衝鋒中,就把他們中間最前列、最勇猛的全都擊潰、刺傷、擊倒,但後來卻見這些人中有一兩個較為可憐或較為軟弱的落在後面,帶著懼怕與諂媚遠遠向他走來,他若不趕緊制伏他們、反扭他們的臂膀捆綁之,或將他們殺死——他豈不要慘遭他們的毒手嗎?
The man, brethren, who is in combat against ten men, or even twelve, when he joins battle with them—if he at once, at the first assault, routs all their foremost and bravest, and wounds and lays them low, but afterward, seeing that one or two of these, the more wretched or weaker, have been left behind and are coming upon him from afar with fear and flattery, does not hasten to overpower them and, pinning back their arms, bind them, or slay them—will he not be terribly destroyed by them?
1:880
Εἰ γάρ ἐξ ὑπερηφανίας καί ἀλαζονείας ῥίψας τά ὅπλα, ἀνακλιθείς καί ἀναπεσών ὑπνώσει καταφρονήσας αὐτῶν, οὐχί ἑκουσίως ἑαυτόν εἰς δουλείαν τῶν ταλαιπώρων ἐκείνων ἐξέδωκεν;
因為他若出於驕傲和自誇,把兵器丟棄,斜倚躺臥,因藐視他們而沉睡,他豈不是甘心把自己交在那些可憐人的手下為奴嗎?
For if, out of pride and boastfulness, he throws away his weapons and, reclining and lying down, falls asleep in contempt of them, has he not willingly delivered himself into servitude to those wretched men?
1:881
Οὐχί ἐπελθόντες οἱ δύοἤ καί εἷς ἐξ αὐτῶν δεσμήσας αὐτόν, ὑπόσπονδον ἑαυτοῦ τοῦτον ἕξει καί δοῦλον ἄρας οἰχήσεταιἤ καί ἀνελών αὐτόν μαχαίρᾳ, ποιήσει πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις γενέσθαι τοῦτον εἰς καταγέλωτα;
那兩人、甚至其中一人,豈不要來到他跟前把他捆綁,將他當作立約歸己的俘虜,擄去為奴,或用刀將他殺了,使他成為眾人的笑柄嗎?
Will not the two, or even one of them, coming upon him and binding him, hold him as his captive under terms, and carry him off as a slave, or, having slain him with the sword, make him a laughingstock to all men?
1:882
Οὐχί δέ πάντες ἐροῦσι δικαίαν γενέσθαι τοῦ ἀμελοῦς ἐκείνου καί ἀλαζόνος, () μᾶλλον δέ ἄφρονος καί ἀναισθήτου σφαγήν;
眾人豈不都要說,那疏忽而自誇之人——或更該說是那愚昧無知之人——被殺乃是理所當然的嗎?
And will not all say that the slaughter of that careless and boastful man—or rather senseless and unfeeling man—was just?
1:883
Οὐ γάρ τοσοῦτον πάντως ἐπαινετός ἔσται τῆς πρός τούς ἰσχυροτέρους πάλης καί νίκης ἕνεκα, ὅσον ψεκτός καί βδελυκτός καί ἀπόβλητος, ἵν εἴπω, καί δοῦλοςἤ νεκρός, διά τήν ἐκ τοῦ ἑνός ἐκείνυ γενομένην ἦτταν αὐτῷ
因為他既與較強者爭戰得勝,所配得的稱讚,遠不及他因敗在那一人手下所該受的責備、可憎與棄絕——不妨說,他成了奴僕或死屍。
For by no means will he be so praiseworthy for his struggle and victory against the stronger, as he will be blameworthy and abominable and cast out—so to speak, a slave or a corpse—on account of the defeat that befell him from that one.
1:884
Οὕτως οὖν, ἀδελφοί μου ἀγαπητοί, οὐδέν ἡμᾶς οὐ μή ὠφελήσῃ τῶν μεγάλων παθῶν κρατήσαντας, ἐάν ὑπό τῶν ἐλασσόνων κυριευώμεθα
所以,我親愛的弟兄們,我們縱然勝過了那些大的情慾,若被較小的所轄制,這於我們毫無益處。
So then, my beloved brethren, it will profit us nothing to have mastered the great passions, if we are lorded over by the lesser.
1:885
Τά γάρ αὐτά καί πάλιν ἐρῶ καί λέγων οὐ παύσομαι
因為同樣的話我要再說,而且說了也不止息:
For I will say the same things again, and I will not cease from saying them:
1:886
ὄφελος ἐκ τῆς τῶν πονηρῶν ἔργων καί μόνων ἀποχῆς;
單單戒絕惡行,有甚麼益處呢?
what benefit is there from abstinence from wicked deeds alone?
1:887
Εἰ δέ καί λάθρα ἄρτου τεμάχια αἵρομεν καί ἐσθίομενἤ ἄλλο τί ποθεν ἐπιλαβόμενοι καί ταῦτα ἄνευ εὐχῆς τοῦ προεστῶτος ἡμῶν, τίς ἄν εἴπῃ ἐλευθέρους ἡμᾶς ἁμαρτίας;
我們若暗地取餅塊來吃,或從別處拿取甚麼東西,並且是未經我們院長的祝福(許可),誰能說我們是無罪的呢?
And if we secretly take pieces of bread and eat them, or lay hold of something from somewhere else, and that too without the blessing of our superior, who could call us free of sin?
1:888
Εἰ δέ καί τῶν συνάξεων, δίχα μεγάλης ἀσθενείαςἤ ἀναγκαίας χρείας τινός, ἑκουσίως ἀπολιμπανόμεθα, εἰ δέ καί τους καρπούς φυλάσσοντες ἐξ αὐτῶν οὐκ ἐγκρατευόμεθακαί γάρ τί ἄλλο ἦν τόν Ἀδάμ ἐκ τοῦ παραδείσου ἐξέβαλε καί τῷ θανάτῳ παρέδωκε;
我們若甘心缺席聚會,並非因著大病或某種必需的緣故;又若我們看守果子,卻不能約束自己不去取用它們——因為究竟還有甚麼,把亞當逐出樂園、交付於死亡呢?
And if we willingly absent ourselves from the assemblies, apart from great infirmity or some necessary need; and if, while guarding the fruits, we do not restrain ourselves from them—for indeed what else was it that cast Adam out of Paradise and delivered him to death?
1:889
τί κερδανοῦμεν ἐκ τῆς τῶν εἰρημένων ἀποφυγῆς;
我們躲避了上述那些事,又能得著甚麼呢?
what shall we gain from avoiding the aforesaid things?
1:890
Οὐδέ γάρ εἰ ὁλόσωμόν τις πληγήν ἔχων, εἶτα διά φαρμάκων πολλῶν ἰαθείς παρά μικρόν τήν πληγήν, δύναται ὑγιής λέγεσθαι, εἰ μικράν ὀπήν ἴσην ῥαφίδος ἐπιφέρεται τραύματος, ἀλλ καί τούς μώλωπας, εἰ δυνατόν, τοῦ τραύματος ἐξαφανίσας, () ἐκεῖνος παρά πάντων εἰκότως λεχθήσεται ὑγιής
因為一個渾身是傷的人,即或靠著許多藥物幾乎全然痊癒,只剩傷口一點點未愈,倘若他身上仍留著一個針眼大小的傷孔,也不能算是痊癒的;唯有那連傷痕(若可能)都盡都消除的人,才配被眾人稱為痊癒的。
For neither, if one who has a wound over his whole body, then being healed by many remedies save for a little of the wound, can be called whole, if he still bears a small hole of a wound the size of a needle—but he who has even effaced the very welts of the wound, if possible, that man will rightly be called whole by all.
1:891
Μή οὖν ταῦτα μικρά λογιζώμεθα, ἀλλά διά ταῦτα τιμωρηθέντας ἄλλους ἀκούοντες καί καταδικασθέντας σφοδρῶς, ἡμεῖς τήν ἐξ αὐτῶν βλάβην πάσῃ δυνάμει ἐκφύγωμεν
所以我們不要把這些事看為小事,倒要既聽見別人因這些事受了刑罰、被重重定罪,就當竭盡全力躲避從這些事而來的損害。
Let us therefore not reckon these things small, but hearing that others were punished on account of them and severely condemned, let us with all our might flee the harm that comes from them.
1:892
Καί μηδείς, ἀγαπητοί, ἔν τινι τούτωνἤ πάθει ἑτέρῳ τοῦ λοιποῦ ἐπιμείνῃ, ἀλλ ἀπό τοῦ νῦν ἀποσχόμενος μετανοησάτω βαλών ἀρχήν, καί μή ἀποστῇ ἐξαγγέλλων τήν ἧτταν ἑαυτοῦ, ἕως ἄν αἰσχυνθείς ὑποβάλλων αὐτῷ ἐχθρός παύσηται τοῦ αὐτόν πολεμεῖν
親愛的,願沒有一人在這些事中任何一項、或在任何別的情慾上再繼續下去,倒要從今以後戒絕,並且悔改、重新起頭,也不要停止承認自己的敗北,直到那把它植入他心中的仇敵蒙羞,止住了對他的爭戰。
And let no one, beloved, persist any longer in any of these things or in any other passion, but from now on, having abstained, let him repent and make a beginning, and let him not desist from confessing his own defeat, until the enemy who instills it in him, being put to shame, ceases to make war upon him.
1:893
Μή φθόνος κυριεύσῃ ἡμῶν, μή ὀργήἤ θυμός καί κραυγή, ἐξ ὧν αἰσχρολογίαι καί ὕβρεις εἰώθασι τίκτεσθαι, μή κενοδοξία καί ὑπερηφανία καί οἴησις κατασχοῦσαι ἡμᾶς εἰς βυθόν ᾅδου καθέλξωσιν, ἀλλά ταῦτα πάντα πόρρω ἐξορίσαντες ἑαυτῶν, κτησώμεθα τάς ἀρετάς ἀντ αὐτῶν
不要讓嫉妒轄制我們,也不要讓忿怒、暴烈與喧嚷——那生出穢言與辱罵的——轄制我們;不要讓虛榮、驕傲與自負抓住我們,把我們拖入陰間的深處;倒要把這一切都遠遠從自己身上驅逐出去,取而代之地獲得各樣美德。
Let not envy lord it over us, nor anger or wrath and clamor, from which foul speech and insults are wont to be born; let not vainglory and pride and self-conceit take hold of us and drag us down into the depth of Hades; but banishing all these far from ourselves, let us acquire the virtues in their stead.
1:894
Τοσούτων ὄντων καί ἀναριθμήτων παρά μικρόν τῶν εἰρημένων παθῶν, τίς δύναται ταῦτα ἐρευνᾶν πάντα καί ἐκ τούτων πάντων ἀπέχεσθαι, ἵνα μή ὑπ οὐδενός τούτων κυριευθῇ τις;
上述的情慾既是這樣繁多、幾乎不可勝數,誰能查究這一切、又能戒絕這一切,好叫人不被其中任何一種所轄制呢?
Since the aforesaid passions are so many and all but numberless, who can search out all these and abstain from all of them, so that no one may be lorded over by any of them?
1:895
Ἐγώ χάριτι Χριστοῦ διδάξω ὑμᾶς
藉著基督的恩典,我要教導你們。
By the grace of Christ, I will teach you.
1:896
ἀεί ἐννοῶν τάς ἑαυτοῦ ἁμαρτίας καί τήν μέλλουσαν κρίσιν διηνεκῶς προορῶν καί μετανοῶν καί κλαίων θερμῶς, οὗτος ὑπεραίνει πάντα ὁμοῦ καί ὑπερνικᾷ ὑπό τῆς μετανοίας ὑψούμενος, ὡς μή δύνασθαι ἕν καί μόνον τῶν εἰρημένων φθάσαι καί καθάψασθαι αὐτοῦ τῆς ἀεροβατούσης ψυχῆς
那常常思念自己罪過、不住地預見那將來審判、並熱切悔改哭泣的人——這人立時就超越了萬事,也全然得勝,被悔改高舉起來,以致上述那些事中連一件也不能觸及、抓住他那翱翔於高空的靈魂。
He who ever ponders his own sins and continually foresees the judgment to come, and repents and weeps fervently—this man rises above all things at once and utterly conquers, being lifted up by repentance, so that not even one single one of the aforesaid things can reach and lay hold of his soul as it soars aloft in the air.
1:897
Εἰ δέ μή διάνοια ἡμῶν ὑπό τῆς μετανοίας και τῶν δακρύων καί ὑπό τῆς ἐγγινομένης ἐκ τούτων πνευματικῆς ταπεινώσεως πτερωθεῖσα εἰς ὕψος ἀπαθείας ἀρθῇ, οὐκ ἄν ἐλεύθεροι τῶν εἰρημένων ἁπάντων γενέσθαι ἰσχύσωμεν, ἀλλά ποτέ μέν ὑπό τοῦδε τοῦ πάθους, ποτέ δέ ὑφ ἑτέρου κεντᾶσθαι καί ὡς ὑπό θηρίων ἀγρίων κατεσθίεσθαι οὐ () παυσόμεθα, καί μετά θάνατον διά ταῦτα τῆς τῶν οὐρανῶν βασιλείας ἐκπεσόντες, ὑπό τῶν τοιούτων πάλιν αἰωνίως κολασθησόμεθα
然而我們的心思若不因著悔改、眼淚,以及由此而生的屬靈謙卑而長出翅膀,被高舉到無情慾(不動情)的高處,我們就不能得脫上述的一切,反倒要不住地被刺——時而被這情慾,時而被那情慾——如被野獸吞噬一般;並且死後我們必因這緣故從諸天的國裡墜落,又要永遠被這些同樣的東西所刑罰。
But if our mind, being winged by repentance and tears and by the spiritual humility that comes to birth from these, is not raised up to the height of dispassion, we shall not be able to become free of all the aforesaid things, but shall not cease to be pricked, now by this passion, now by another, and to be devoured as by wild beasts; and after death, having on this account fallen from the kingdom of heaven, we shall again be eternally punished by these same things.
1:898
Διά τοῦτο παρακαλῶ πάντας ὑμᾶς, πνευματικοί μου πατέρες καί ἀδελφοί, καί παρακαλῶν οὐδέποτε παύσομαι τήν ὑμετέραν ἀγάπην, μή ἀμελῆσαι ἕκαστον τῆς ἑαυτοῦ σωτηρίας, ἀλλά παντί τρόπῳ σπουδάσαι ἀρθῆναι μικρόν ἀπό τῆς γῆς
所以我勸勉你們眾人,我屬靈的父老弟兄——我也永不止息地勸勉你們的愛心——願各人不要忽略自己的救恩,倒要用盡各樣方法,力求稍微被高舉離地。
Therefore I exhort you all, my spiritual fathers and brethren—and I shall never cease exhorting your love—that each one not neglect his own salvation, but by every means strive to be lifted a little above the earth.
1:899
Εἰ γάρ τοῦτο γενήσεται τό θαῦμα καταπλῆξαν ὑμᾶς, τό ἀπό τῆς γῆς εἰς ἀέρα λέγω κρέμασθαι, οὐκέτι πρός τήν γῆν κατελθεῖν καί στῆναι κἄν ὅλως θελήσετε·
因為這使你們驚奇的奇事若成就了——我是說,從地上被懸起,升到空中——你們就再也全然不願下到地上、站立於其上了;
For if this marvel comes to pass that astounds you—I mean, to be suspended from the earth into the air—you will no longer wish at all to come down to the earth and stand upon it;
1:900
Εἰ γάρ νοῦς τῶν πονηρῶν λογισμῶν καί παθῶν ἐλευθερωθῇ καί θεασόμεθα δι αὐτοῦ τήν ἐλευθερίαν, ἥν ἡμῖν Χριστός καί Θεός ἐχαρίσατο, οὐκέτι καταδεξόμεθα πρός τήν προτέραν δουλείαν τῆς ἁμαρτίας καί τοῦ σαρκικοῦ φρονήματος κατελθεῖν, ἀλλά κατά τήν τοῦ Κυρίου φωνήν γρηγορεῖν καί προσεύχεσθαι οὐ παυσόμεθα, ἕως ἄν πρός τήν ἐκεῖθεν μεταβῶμεν μακαριότητα καί τῶν ἐπηγγελμένων ἐπιτύχωμεν ἀγαθῶν, χάριτι καί φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοοῦ, πρέπει πᾶσα δόξα εἰς τούς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων
因為心思若得脫惡念與情慾,並藉著它得見基督我們的神所賜給我們的自由,我們就再也不肯下到先前那罪與屬肉體心思的奴役中,倒要照著主的話語,不住地儆醒禱告,直到我們過渡到那邊的福樂,並得著所應許的美善之物,這都是靠著我們主耶穌基督的恩典與慈愛,願一切榮耀歸與祂,直到世世代代。
for if the mind is set free from wicked thoughts and passions, and through it we behold the freedom which Christ our God has bestowed upon us, we shall no longer consent to come down to the former servitude of sin and of the carnal mind, but according to the voice of the Lord we shall not cease to watch and to pray, until we pass over to that blessedness yonder and attain the promised good things, by the grace and lovingkindness of our Lord Jesus Christ, to whom belongs all glory unto the ages of ages.
1:901
Περί ἐργασίας πνευματικῆς
論屬靈的工作
On Spiritual Working
1:902
Καί τίς ἦν ἐργασία τῶν παλαιῶν ἁγίων
以及古時眾聖徒的工作是甚麼
And what was the working of the ancient saints
1:903
Καί πῶς ταύτην κατορθῶσαι δυνάμεθα, ἵνα καί μέτοχοι, ὥσπερ ἐκεῖνοι, τοῦ Παναγίου γενώμεθα Πνεύματος
並我們如何能成就這事,好叫我們也像他們一樣,成為那至聖之靈的有分者
And how we can accomplish this, that we too, like them, may become partakers of the All-Holy Spirit
1:904
() Ἀδελφοί καί πατέρες, ἐπειδήπερ μεγάλα τινές οἰόμενοι περί ἑαυτῶν, ὡς οὐκ ὤφελεν, ἴσους ἑαυτούς ἡγοῦνται κατά τε πρᾶξιν καί γνῶσιν καί τελειότητα τῶν πάλαι ἁγίων θεοφόρων πατέρων ἡμῶν καί τοῦ αὐτοῦ πνεύματος, ἔζων καί ἐκινοῦντο ἐκεῖνοι, συνιστάνοντες ἑαυτούς ἐκ λόγων μόνων καί δίχα τῶν ἔργων, πνεύματι ἀποπλανηθέντες οἰήσεως, ᾠήθην διά βραχέων οὕτω πως ἐν ἁπλότητι καί ὑπτιότητι λόγου πρός αὐτούς εἰπεῖν ὡς πρός ἕνα, διά τε τόν εἰρηκότα Θεόν·
眾位弟兄和父老啊,既有某些人不當地高看自己,自以為在行事、知識與完全上,與古時那些負神(屬神)的父老並無二致,又自以為與那些人賴以存活、行動的同一位聖靈相通——他們單憑言語、卻無行為地自薦,被自負之靈引入歧途——我便想以簡短的話,本著單純與樸實的言語,如同對一個人說話一般,對他們說;這也是為了那位發話的神,祂曾說:
Brethren and fathers, since certain men, thinking great things of themselves, as they ought not, deem themselves equal in practice and knowledge and perfection to the ancient God-bearing fathers of old, and to that same Spirit by which those men lived and were moved—commending themselves from words alone and apart from works, being led astray by a spirit of self-conceit—I thought it good to speak to them thus briefly, in simplicity and plainness of speech, as to a single person, both for the sake of God who spoke, saying:
1:905
Ἄρξομαι δέ ἐντεῦθεν τοῦ λέγειν ἐν ἀφελότητι καί παρακαλεῖν τήν ἀγάπην ὑμῶν
我就要從這裡開始,樸實地講說,並勸勉你們的愛心。
And I will begin from this point to speak in plainness and to exhort your love.
1:906
Βούλῃ τοιγαροῦν ἀκοῦσαι τί ἐποίουν οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν οἱ ἅγιοι, ἐν τοῖς ἑαυτῶν κελλίοις καθήμενοι;
那麼,你願意聽聽我們的聖父老們坐在自己的斗室中時所做的是甚麼嗎?
Do you wish, then, to hear what our holy fathers did, as they sat in their own cells?
1:907
Ἀνάγνωθι τούς βίους αὐτῶν καί μάθε σύ πρῶτον τήν σωματικήν τέως πρᾶξιν αὐτῶν, () εἶτα ἐγώ σοι ἀναγγελῶ τήν πνευματικήν ἐργασίαν ἥν ἐκεῖνοι εἰργάζοντο
去讀他們的傳記,先學會他們暫且屬身體的操練;然後我要向你宣告那些人所做的屬靈工作。
Read their lives, and learn first their bodily practice for the time being; then I will announce to you the spiritual working which those men wrought.
1:908
Οἱ γάρ τούς βίους συγγραψάμενοι τῶν ἁγίων, τάς πράξεις αὐτῶν ἐδήλωσαν τάς σωματικάς, τήν ἀκτημοσύνην, τήν νηστείαν, τήν ἀγρυπνίαν, τήν ἐγκράτειαν, τήν ὑπομονήν καί καθεξῆς τά λοιπά, ἵνα μή πάντα ἀπαριθμοῦντες τόν λόγον μηκύνωμεν, τήν δέ πνευματικήν αὐτῶν ἐργασίαν μικρόν τε καί ὡς ἐν ἐσόπτρῳ διά τῶν τοιούτων ἐδήλωσαν, ἵνα οἱ τούς κόπους ἐκείνων καί τήν πίστιν ἐκ τῶν ἔργων ἐπιδεικνύμενοι, ἔργοις αὐτοῖς καί τῶν πνευματικῶν χαρισμάτων αὐτῶν ἐν γνώσει καί μετοχῇ γένωνται, οἱ δέ γε λοιποί μηδέ ἀκοῦσαι περί τῶν τοιούτων ἀξιωθήσωνται
因為那些寫聖徒傳記的人,把他們屬身體的操練說明了——他們的清貧、禁食、儆醒、節制、忍耐,並其餘的按次序(不必一一列舉,免得我們的言語冗長)——但他們屬靈的工作,卻只藉這類事略略地、如同鏡中影像般地說明了,好叫那些從行為顯出那些人的勞苦與信心的人,能藉著那些行為本身,也在知識與相通上有分於他們屬靈的恩賜;至於其餘的人,則連聽聞這類事都不配。
For those who wrote the lives of the saints made plain their bodily practices—their poverty, their fasting, their vigil, their self-control, their patient endurance, and the rest in order, lest by enumerating everything we should prolong our discourse—but their spiritual working they made plain only a little and as in a mirror by means of such things, so that those who display the labors and the faith of those men from their works might, by those very works, become participants in knowledge and communion of their spiritual gifts as well, while the rest might not even be deemed worthy to hear about such things.
1:909
Ἐπεί δέ εἰς τοσοῦτον ἀνοίας βόθρον κατήχθημεν, ὡς καί δίχα τῶν ἔργων, ὧν ἐκεῖνοι εἰργάσαντο, ἴσως ἐκείνοις τήν χάριν ἔχειν καί ἡμᾶς οἴεσθαι, φέρε τόν περί ἐκείνων γυμνάσωμεν λόγον καί ἀπό τῶν μεμαρτυρημένων πραγμάτων τήν πληροφορίαν λαβόντες, σπουδάσωμεν τέως κατά πόδας ἐκείνων βαδίσαι, εἰ καί μή φθάσαι δυνηθῶμεν αὐτούς
然而,我們既被拉下到如此深的愚昧坑中,以致連那些人所做的工作我們都沒有,卻自以為也與他們有同樣的恩典,那麼,讓我們就他們的事來操練我們的言語,並從那有見證的事實中得著充分的確據,暫且力求踏著那些人的腳蹤而行,縱使我們趕不上他們。
But since we have been brought down into so great a pit of folly that, even apart from the works which those men wrought, we suppose that we too have the same grace as they, come, let us exercise our discourse concerning them, and, having received full assurance from the attested facts, let us for the time being strive to walk in the footsteps of those men, even if we cannot reach them.
1:910
Ἄνωθεν δέ τόν λόγον ἀρξάμενοι, κατ ὀλίγον ἕως ἡμῶν καταβαίνοντες ἔλθωμεν
我們既從上頭開始講論,就讓我們一點一點地下來,直到來到我們自己這裡。
And beginning our discourse from above, let us come down little by little until we reach ourselves.
1:911
Τί οὖν μέγας Ἀντώνιος ἐν τῷ μνήματι καθεζόμενος ἔπραττε, καί τοι μήπω πνευματικήν ἐργασίαν ὅλως εἰδώς;
那麼,偉大的安東尼坐在墳墓裡究竟做了什麼呢?何況那時他對屬靈的操練還全然一無所知。
What, then, was the great Antony doing as he sat within the tomb, seeing that he as yet had no knowledge whatever of the spiritual labor?
1:912
Οὐχί ὡς νεκρόν ἑαυτόν ἐν τῷ μνήματι ἔκλεισε, μηδέν τῶν τοῦ κόσμου ἐπιφερόμενος, μηδέ μέριμναν ἔχων τήν οἱανοῦν ἐν αὐτῷ;
他豈不是像一個死人一樣把自己關在墳墓裡,什麼屬世的東西都不帶進去,在其中也不懷任何一種掛慮嗎?
Did he not shut himself up in the tomb as one dead, bringing with him nothing of the world's goods, nor keeping in it any care of any kind whatsoever?
1:913
Οὐχί ὅλος ἦν νεκρός ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου, καί κείμενος ἐν τῷ μνημείῳ τόν ζωῶσαι καί ἀναστῆσαι δυνάμενον ἐζήτει Θεόν;
他豈不是完全向世界死了,躺臥在墳墓中,尋求那能使人存活、能使人復活的神嗎?
Was he not wholly dead to the world, and, lying in the sepulchre, seeking the God who is able to make alive and to raise up?
1:914
Οὐχί ἄρτῳ μόνῳ ἠρκεῖτο καί ὕδατι;
他豈不是只以餅和水為滿足嗎?
Did he not content himself with bread alone and water?
1:915
Οὐχί πολλά παρά τῶν δαιμόνων ὑπέστη κακά καί ἠμιθανής ἔκειτο ἐκ τοῦ ἀφορήτου δαρμοῦ;
他豈不是從眾鬼那裡受了許多的苦害,被那難以忍受的鞭打打得半死躺臥在地嗎?
Did he not endure many evils at the hands of the demons, and lie half-dead from the unbearable beating?
1:916
Οὐχί ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ ὡς () νεκροῦ ἀπενεχθέντος αὐτοῦ, ἡνίκα ἦλθεν εἰς ἑαυτόν, πάλιν αὐθόρμητος πρός τούς ἀντιπάλους ἀπῆλθεν;
他豈不是像個死人一樣被抬進教會,而當他甦醒過來時,又自願地回到那些仇敵那裡去嗎?
Was he not carried into the church as though dead, and when he came to himself, did he not of his own accord go back again to his adversaries?
1:917
Εἰ μή γάρ πρός ἐκείνους ὑπέστρεψεν, ἀλλ ἐνέμεινε τῷ κόσμῳ καί εἰ μή μέχρι τέλους ἐνεκαρτέρησεν, εἰς θάνατον ἐκδεδωκώς ἑαυτόν τῇ προθυμίᾳ καί προαιρέσει, οὐκ ἄν τῆς πολυποθήτου θέας τοῦ Δεσπότου αὐτοῦ ἠξιώθη, οὐκ ἄν τῆς γλυκείας ἐκείνου φωνῆς ἀκήκοεν
因為他若不是回到那些仇敵那裡去,反倒留在世界裡,他若不是憑著他的熱切與心志把自己交付於死、堅忍到底,就必不配得那極其渴慕的、對他主的異象,也必聽不見祂那甘甜的聲音。
For if he had not returned to those adversaries, but had remained in the world, and if he had not persevered to the end, giving himself over unto death by his eagerness and his resolve, he would not have been counted worthy of the greatly-longed-for vision of his Master, nor would he have heard that sweet voice of His.
1:918
Ἀλλά ἐζήτησεν ὁλοψύχως, ἔκρουσεν ἀόκνως, ὑπέμεινεν εἰς τέλος καί ἔλαβεν ἐπάξιον τόν μισθόν
但他全心尋求,毫不懈怠地叩門,堅忍到底,就領受了與他相稱的賞賜。
But he sought with his whole soul, he knocked without slackening, he endured to the end, and he received a reward worthy of his labor.
1:919
Ἀποθανών γάρ, ὡς εἴρηται, τῇ προαιρέσει ὑπέρ Χριστοῦ, ἔκειτο ὡσεί νεκρός, ἕως οὗ ἦλθεν ζωογονῶν τούς νεκρούς καί ἀνέστησεν αὐτόν ἐκ τοῦ ᾅδου, τοῦ σκότους φημί τοῦ ψυχικοῦ, καί ἐξήγαγεν αὐτόν εἰς τό θαυμαστόν φῶς τοῦ προσώπου αὐτοῦ
因為如前所說,他既為基督的緣故憑心志死了,就像個死人躺臥著,直到那使死人得生命的來到,把他從陰間——我是說從魂裡的黑暗——中復活起來,領他出來,進入祂面容的奇妙光中。
For having died, as has been said, by his resolve for Christ's sake, he lay as one dead, until He came who gives life to the dead, and raised him up out of Hades—I mean out of the darkness of the soul—and led him forth into the wonderful light of His countenance.
1:920
Τό μέν οὖν εἰπεῖν Ποῦ ᾗς; ἀγνοοῦντος πάντως ἐστίν ὅπου καί ἦν·
那麼,「你在哪裡呢?」這句話,必定是出於一位不知道他究竟在何處的。
Now the words 'Where wast thou?' surely belong to one who did not know where indeed he was;
1:921
τό δέ εἰπεῖν Ἕως ἄρτι τήν θεωρίαν καί αἴσθησιν καί γνῶσιν τῆς τοῦ Δεσπότου παρουσίας ἐδήλωσεν
但「直到如今」這句話,則顯明了對主同在的默觀、感知與認識。
but the saying 'until now' made plain the contemplation, the perception, and the knowledge of the Master's presence.
1:922
Εἰ τοίνυν οὕτως ἀποτάξασθαι ἡμεῖς οὐ βουλόμεθα καί καρτερῆσαι ὁμοίως ἐκείνῳ καί ὑπομεῖναι οὐ προαιρούμεθα, πῶς τόν Θεόν ἐν Ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι ὡς ἐκεῖνος ἰδεῖν ἀξιωθῶμεν καί πληρωθῆναι ἀγαλλιάσεως;
那麼,我們若不願意這樣撇棄世界,也不決意像他那樣堅忍與忍耐,我們怎能配得像他那樣在聖靈裡看見神,並被歡欣充滿呢?
If, then, we are unwilling thus to renounce the world, and do not resolve to persevere and to endure like him, how shall we be counted worthy to see God in the Holy Spirit as he did, and to be filled with exultation?
1:923
Ἀλλά γάρ καί πρός ἕτερον, εἰ δοκεῖ, τόν λόγον ἰθύνωμεν
然而,若你看為合宜,讓我們把話題轉向另一個例子。
But come, if it seems good, let us direct our discourse to yet another example.
1:924
Τί μέγας Ἀρσένιος διεπράξατο ἐξ αὐτῆς ἀρχῆς τῆς ἀποταγῆς αὐτοῦ;
偉大的阿爾塞尼烏斯,從他撇棄世界的起初就成就了什麼呢?
What did the great Arsenius accomplish from the very beginning of his renunciation?
1:925
Οὐχί τά βασίλεια καταλιπών καί τούς βασιλεῖς, τού σηρικοφόρους οἰκέτας καί πάντα τόν πλοῦτον αὐτοῦ, μόνος ὡς φτωχός καί πένης ἐν τῷ μοναστηρίῳ ἀφίκετο, ὅστις ποτέ ἦν σπουδάσας λαθεῖν, () φεύγων τήν δόξαν καί τόν ἀνθρώπινον ἔπαινον, ἵνα παρά Θεῷ δοξασθῇ;
他豈不是離開了皇宮和眾君王、他那些身穿絲綢的僕役以及他一切的財富,獨自像一個貧窮困乏的人來到了修道院嗎?他曾是那樣竭力要隱藏自己,逃避榮耀與人的稱讚,為要得神的榮耀。
Did he not leave the palace and the emperors, his silk-clad servants and all his wealth, and come alone as a poor and destitute man to the monastery—he who once was so eager to remain hidden, fleeing glory and human praise, that he might be glorified by God?
1:926
Τί οὖν ἄρα τούτοις μόνοις ἔμεινεν ἀρκεσθείς;
那麼,他難道就以這些事為滿足而止步了嗎?
Did he then remain content with these things alone?
1:927
Οὐδέ ὡς εὐτελής μετά εὐτελῶν ἀνθρώπων ἑαυτόν κατατάξαι ἠνέσχετο, ἀλλ ὡς κύνα ἐλογίσατο ἑαυτόν
他甚至不容自己與卑微的人同列為卑微者,反倒把自己看作一條狗。
He would not even suffer himself to be ranked as a lowly man among lowly men, but accounted himself as a dog.
1:928
Ῥιφέντος γάρ αὐτῷ παρά τοῦ ἡγουμένου τοῦ ἄρτου καί πεσόντος τούτου ἐπί τῆς γῆς, αὐτός τετραποδίσας, οὐ τῇ χειρί ἀλλά τῷ στόματι, ὡς κύων ἄρας τόν ἄρτον, οὕτως αὐτόν ἔφαγεν
因為當院長把一塊餅丟給他、餅掉在地上時,他自己就四肢著地爬行,不用手而用口,像狗一樣叼起那餅,就這樣吃了。
For when a loaf had been thrown to him by the superior, and it had fallen upon the ground, he himself went on all fours, and lifting the bread not with his hand but with his mouth, like a dog, so did he eat it.
1:929
Ἐν δέ τῷ κελλίῳ καθήμενος, οὐ μόνον εἰργάζετο, ἀλλά καί πολύ ἔλαττον τοῦ ἐργοχείρου αὐτοῦ εἰς τήν ἑαυτοῦ χρείαν ἀνήλισκεν, ὕδωρ πίνων βορβόρου ὄζοντος ὅμοιον
他坐在自己的斗室裡,不但作工,且花在自己所需上的,遠比他手工所得的少得多,所喝的水發出如同污泥的臭味。
And sitting in his cell, he not only worked, but also spent on his own needs far less than his handiwork brought in, drinking water that smelled like mire.
1:930
Διά τοῦτο καί ἐργαζόμενος καί εὐχόμενος διηνεκῶς ἔκλαιε καί τοῖς ἑαυτοῦ δάκρυσι κατεβρέχετο, ἀλλά καί ἀφ ἑσπέρας εὐχόμενος ἵστατο μέχρι πρωΐας καί τῇ πτωχείᾳ καί εὐτελείᾳ μέχρι τέλους ἐνεκαρτέρησε
為此,他一面作工一面不住地禱告,又哭泣,被自己的眼淚浸透;不但如此,他從傍晚就站著禱告,直到清晨,並在貧窮與卑微中堅忍到底。
For this reason, while working and praying continually, he wept and was drenched with his own tears; and moreover from evening he would stand praying until morning, and to the end he persevered in poverty and lowliness.
1:931
Διά τό παθεῖν πάντως καί ἰδεῖν καί αὐτόν, ὅπερ μέγας Ἀντώνιος ἰδεῖν καί παθεῖν ἠξιώθη
而這一切,都是為叫他也能全然受苦並看見那偉大的安東尼所配得看見與受苦的。
And this was in order that he too might altogether suffer and see that which the great Antony was counted worthy to see and to suffer.
1:932
Πῶς οὖν οὐ γέγραπται καί ἐπί τούτου, ὅτι εἶδε τόν Κύριον;
那麼,關於這人怎麼沒有記載說他看見了主呢?
How, then, is it not written of this man also that he saw the Lord?
1:933
Μή τούς μέν κόπους αὐτός κατεβάλετο, ἐκεῖνον δέ ἰδεῖν οὐκ ἠξίωται;
難道他付上了勞苦,卻不配得看見祂嗎?
Did he indeed lay down the labors, yet was not counted worthy to see Him?
1:934
Οὐχί, ἀλλά καί αὐτός οὕτως ἰδεῖν τόν Θεόν ἠξιώθη, εἰ καί μή συγγραψάμενος τοῦτο οὕτως ἐδήλωσε φανερῶς·
斷乎不是;他也照樣配得看見神,即或那位記述他生平的人沒有如此明明地表述出來。
By no means; but he too was counted worthy thus to see God, even if the one who wrote his life did not thus set it forth openly;
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