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馬加比四書 第 2 章

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📖 這一章另有 1 種原文 —— 並排對照（次經）
2:1
καὶ τί θαυμαστόν εἰ αἱ τῆς ψυχῆς ἐπιθυμίαι πρὸς τὴν τοῦ κάλλους μετουσίαν ἀκυροῦνται
這又有甚麼希奇呢？魂裡的貪慾在參與了那美善的事物之後，竟被挫敗了；
And what wonder? if the lusts of the soul, after participation with what is beautiful, are frustrated,
2:2
ταύτῃ γοῦν ὁ σώφρων Ιωσηφ ἐπαινεῖται ὅτι διανοίᾳ περιεκράτησεν τῆς ἡδυπαθείας
正是在這一點上，節制的約瑟受人稱讚，因為他藉著心思勝過了肉體的情慾。
on this ground, therefore, the temperate Joseph is praised in that by reasoning, he subdued, on reflection, the indulgence of sense.
2:3
νέος γὰρ ὢν καὶ ἀκμάζων πρὸς συνουσιασμὸν ἠκύρωσε τῷ λογισμῷ τὸν τῶν παθῶν οἶστρον
因為他雖然年輕、正當血氣方剛之時，卻藉著理性使情慾的衝動歸於無效。
For, although young, and ripe for sexual intercourse, he abrogated by reasoning the stimulus of his passions.
2:4
καὶ οὐ μόνον δὲ τὴν τῆς ἡδυπαθείας οἰστρηλασίαν ὁ λογισμὸς ἐπικρατεῖν φαίνεται ἀλλὰ καὶ πάσης ἐπιθυμίας
理性不僅顯然能勝過肉慾的衝動，也能勝過一切的貪慾。
And it is not merely the stimulus of sensual indulgence, but that of every desire, that reasoning is able to master.
2:5
λέγει γοῦν ὁ νόμος οὐκ ἐπιθυμήσεις τὴν γυναῖκα τοῦ πλησίον σου οὐδὲ ὅσα τῷ πλησίον σού ἐστιν
律法說：「不可貪戀你鄰舍的妻子，也不可貪戀你鄰舍一切所有的。」
For instance, the law says, You shall not covet your neighbor’s wife, nor anything that belongs to your neighbor.
2:6
καίτοι ὅτε μὴ ἐπιθυμεῖν εἴρηκεν ἡμᾶς ὁ νόμος πολὺ πλέον πείσαιμ’ ἂν ὑμᾶς ὅτι τῶν ἐπιθυμιῶν κρατεῖν δύναται ὁ λογισμός ὥσπερ καὶ τῶν κωλυτικῶν τῆς δικαιοσύνης παθῶν
既然律法既已吩咐我們不可貪戀，我就更容易說服你們，理性能掌管貪慾，正如它能掌管那些妨礙公義的情慾一樣。
Now, then, since it is the law which has forbidden us to desire, I shall much the more easily persuade you, that reasoning is able to govern our lusts, just as it does the affections which are impediments to justice.
2:7
ἐπεὶ τίνα τις τρόπον μονοφάγος ὢν τὸ ἦθος καὶ γαστρίμαργος ἢ καὶ μέθυσος μεταπαιδεύεται εἰ μὴ δῆλον ὅτι κύριός ἐστιν τῶν παθῶν ὁ λογισμός
不然，一個本性貪嘴、貪食、甚至醉酒的人，怎能被改正過來呢？豈不正顯明理性是情慾的主宰嗎？
Since in what way is a solitary eater, and a glutton, and a drunkard reclaimed, unless it be clear that reasoning is lord of the passions?
2:8
αὐτίκα γοῦν τῷ νόμῳ πολιτευόμενος κἂν φιλάργυρός τις ᾖ βιάζεται τὸν αὑτοῦ τρόπον τοῖς δεομένοις δανείζων χωρὶς τόκων καὶ τὸ δάνειον τῶν ἑβδομάδων ἐνστασῶν χρεοκοπούμενος
舉例來說，一個照律法行事的人，即或他貪財，也必約束自己的本性，無息地借貸給有需要的人，並在安息年來到時免除債務。
A man, therefore, who regulates his course by the law, even if he be a lover of money, straightway puts force upon his own disposition; lending to the needy without interest, and cancelling the debt of the incoming Sabbath.
2:9
κἂν φειδωλός τις ᾖ ὑπὸ τοῦ νόμου κρατεῖται διὰ τὸν λογισμὸν μήτε ἐπικαρπολογούμενος τοὺς ἀμητοὺς μήτε ἐπιρρωγολογούμενος τοὺς ἀμπελῶνας καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἑτέρων δὲ ἔστιν ἐπιγνῶναι τοῦτο ὅτι τῶν παθῶν ἐστιν ὁ λογισμὸς κρατῶν
即或有人吝嗇，他仍被律法藉著理性所掌管，以致他不去拾取收割後遺落的莊稼，也不去摘取葡萄園裡剩餘的果子。從其他事上也能看出這一點，就是理性確能掌管情慾。
And should a man be parsimonious, he is ruled by the law acting through reasoning; so that he does not glean his harvest crops, nor vintage: and in reference to other points we may perceive that it is reasoning that conquers his passions.
2:10
ὁ γὰρ νόμος καὶ τῆς πρὸς γονεῖς εὐνοίας κρατεῖ μὴ καταπροδιδοὺς τὴν ἀρετὴν δῑ αὐτοὺς
因為律法甚至能掌管人對父母的親情，不容人因父母的緣故而出賣美德。
For the law conquers even affection toward parents, not surrendering virtue on their account.
2:11
καὶ τῆς πρὸς γαμετὴν φιλίας ἐπικρατεῖ διὰ τὴν παρανομίαν αὐτὴν ἀπελέγχων
它也能勝過人對妻子的愛情，當這愛情違背律法時，便加以責備。
And it prevails over marriage love, condemning it when transgressing law.
2:12
καὶ τῆς τέκνων φιλίας κυριεύει διὰ κακίαν αὐτὰ κολάζων
它也掌管人對兒女的疼愛，當兒女作惡時，便管教他們。
And it lords it over the love of parents toward their children, for they punish them for vice; and it domineers over the intimacy of friends, reproving them when wicked.
2:13
καὶ τῆς φίλων συνηθείας δεσπόζει διὰ πονηρίαν αὐτοὺς ἐξελέγχων
它也支配人與朋友的交情，當朋友行惡時，便加以斥責。
And think it not a strange assertion that reasoning can in behalf of the law conquer even enmity.
2:14
καὶ μὴ νομίσητε παράδοξον εἶναι ὅπου καὶ ἔχθρας ἐπικρατεῖν ὁ λογισμὸς δύναται διὰ τὸν νόμον μήτε δενδροτομῶν τὰ ἥμερα τῶν πολεμίων φυτά τὰ δὲ τῶν ἐχθρῶν τοῖς ἀπολέσασι διασῴζων καὶ τὰ πεπτωκότα συνεγείρων
你們不要以為這是奇談：理性甚至能藉著律法勝過仇恨。它不容人砍伐仇敵田裡耕種的樹木，反倒為敵人保全果樹，使其免遭毀壞，並扶起那已倒下的。
It allows not to cut down the cultivated herbage of an enemy, but preserves it from the destroyers, and collects their fallen ruins.
2:15
καὶ τῶν βιαιοτέρων δὲ παθῶν κρατεῖν ὁ λογισμὸς φαίνεται φιλαρχίας καὶ κενοδοξίας καὶ ἀλαζονείας καὶ μεγαλαυχίας καὶ βασκανίας
理性也顯然能掌管那些更為猛烈的情慾，例如權位慾、虛榮、傲慢、自誇與嫉妒。
And reason appears to be master of the more violent passions, as love of empire and empty boasting, and slander.
2:16
πάντα γὰρ ταῦτα τὰ κακοήθη πάθη ὁ σώφρων νοῦς ἀπωθεῖται ὥσπερ καὶ τὸν θυμόν καὶ γὰρ τούτου δεσπόζει
因為節制的心智能排斥這一切惡毒的情慾，正如它排斥忿怒一樣；因為它連忿怒也能掌管。
For the temperate understanding repels all these malignant passions, as it does wrath: for it masters even this.
2:17
θυμούμενός γέ τοι Μωυσῆς κατὰ Δαθαν καὶ Αβιρων οὐ θυμῷ τι κατ’ αὐτῶν ἐποίησεν ἀλλὰ λογισμῷ τὸν θυμὸν διῄτησεν
摩西雖然對大坍與亞比蘭發怒，卻沒有憑著怒氣加害於他們，乃是以理性節制了自己的怒氣。
Thus Moses, when angered against Dathan and Abiram, did nothing to them in wrath, but regulated his anger by reasoning.
2:18
δυνατὸς γὰρ ὁ σώφρων νοῦς ὡς ἔφην κατὰ τῶν παθῶν ἀριστεῦσαι καὶ τὰ μὲν αὐτῶν μεταθεῖναι τὰ δὲ καὶ ἀκυρῶσαι
因為如我所說的，節制的心智能制勝情慾，將其中一些轉化，又將另一些歸於無效。
For the temperate mind is able, as I said, to be superior to the passions, and to transfer some, and destroy others.
2:19
ἐπεὶ διὰ τί ὁ πάνσοφος ἡμῶν πατὴρ Ιακωβ τοὺς περὶ Συμεων καὶ Λευιν αἰτιᾶται μὴ λογισμῷ τοὺς Σικιμίτας ἐθνηδὸν ἀποσφάξαντας λέγων ἐπικατάρατος ὁ θυμὸς αὐτῶν
不然，我們那至智的先祖雅各為何責備西緬與利未呢？他們不憑理性，竟把示劍全族屠殺，雅各說：「他們的怒氣可咒。」
For why, else, does our most wise father Jacob blame Simeon and Levi for having irrationally slain the whole race of the Shechemites, saying, Cursed be their anger.
2:20
εἰ μὴ γὰρ ἐδύνατο τοῦ θυμοῦ ὁ λογισμὸς κρατεῖν οὐκ ἂν εἶπεν οὕτως
因為理性若沒有能力制服忿怒，他就不會這樣說了。
For if reasoning did not possess the power of subduing angry affections, he would not have spoken thus.
2:21
ὁπηνίκα γὰρ ὁ θεὸς τὸν ἄνθρωπον κατεσκεύασεν τὰ πάθη αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰ ἤθη περιεφύτευσεν
當神創造人的時候，就在他裡面栽植了情慾與品行。
For at the time when God created man, He implanted within him his passions and moral nature.
2:22
ἡνίκα δὲ ἐπὶ πάντων τὸν ἱερὸν ἡγεμόνα νοῦν διὰ τῶν αἰσθητηρίων ἐνεθρόνισεν
同時，神又在這一切之上，藉著各樣感官，將那神聖的領袖，就是心智，設立為君。
And at that time He enthroned above all the holy leader mind, through the medium of the senses.
2:23
καὶ τούτῳ νόμον ἔδωκεν καθ’ ὃν πολιτευόμενος βασιλεύσει βασιλείαν σώφρονά τε καὶ δικαίαν καὶ ἀγαθὴν καὶ ἀνδρείαν
神又賜給這心智一條律法，使它照此而活，便能施行節制、公義、良善與勇敢的統治。
And He gave a law to this mind, by living according to which it will maintain a temperate, and just, and good, and manly reign.
2:24
πῶς οὖν εἴποι τις ἄν εἰ τῶν παθῶν δεσπότης ἐστὶν ὁ λογισμός λήθης καὶ ἀγνοίας οὐ κρατεῖ
那麼有人會問：「既然理性是情慾的主宰，為何它不能掌管遺忘與無知呢？」
How, then, a man may say, if reasoning be master of the passions, has it no control over forgetfulness and ignorance?
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