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《教會史》卷八 第 13 章

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13:1
τῶν δὲ κατὰ τὰς ἐπισήμους πόλεις μαρτυρησάντων ἐκκλησιαστικῶν ἀρχόντων πρῶτος ἡμῖν ἐν εὐσεβῶν στήλαις τῆς Χριστοῦ βασιλείας ἀναγορευέσθω μάρτυς ἐπίσκοπος τῆς Νικομηδέων πόλεως, τὴν κεφαλὴν ἀποτμηθεὶς, Ἄνθιμος.
在那些於著名城邑作見證的教會領袖中,讓我們在敬虔者的紀念碑上,首先宣告那被斬首的、尼哥米底亞城的主教安提模,為基督國度的殉道者。
Of the ecclesiastical rulers who bore witness in the notable cities, let the first to be proclaimed by us, upon the monuments of the godly, as a martyr of the kingdom of Christ, be Anthimus, bishop of the city of the Nicomedians, who was beheaded.
13:2
τῶν δ᾿ ἐπ᾿ Ἀντιοχείας μαρτύρων τὸν πάντα βίον ἄριστος πρεσβύτερος τῆς αὐτόθι παροικίας Λουκιανὸς, ἐν τῇ Νικομηδείᾳ καὶ αὐτὸς, βασιλέως ἐπιπαρόντος, τὴν οὐράνιον τοῦ Χριστοῦ βασιλείαν λόγῳ πρότερον δι ἀπολογίας, εἶτα δὲ καὶ ἔργοις ἀνακηρύξας.
至於安提阿的眾殉道者,那一生最為傑出的人,就是那地教區的長老路其安;他也是在尼哥米底亞,當皇帝親臨之時,先以言語藉著申辯,後又以行為宣揚了基督屬天的國度。
And of the martyrs at Antioch, the best in all his life, Lucian, a presbyter of the parish there, who at Nicomedia, the emperor himself being present, proclaimed the heavenly kingdom of Christ, first by word through a defence, and then also by deeds.
13:3
τῶν δ ἐπὶ Φοινίκης μαρτύρων γένοιντ ἂν ἐπισημότατοι τὰ πάντα θεοφιλεῖς τῶν λογικῶν Χριστοῦ θρεμμάτων ποιμένες, Τυραννίων ἐπίσκοπος τῆς κατὰ Τυρὸν ἐκκλησίας, πρεσβύτερός τε τῆς κατὰ Σιδῶνα Ζηνόβιος, καὶ ἔτι Σιλβανὸς τῶν ἀμφὶ τὴν Ἔμισαν ἐκκλησιῶν ἐπίσκοπος.
至於腓尼基的眾殉道者,那最為著名的,要算那凡事蒙神所愛、作基督理性羣羊牧人的:推羅教會的主教推蘭尼安;西頓教會的長老西諾比歐;還有以馬撒一帶眾教會的主教西耳瓦諾。
And of the martyrs in Phoenicia, the most notable would be those in all things beloved of God, the shepherds of the rational flocks of Christ: Tyrannion, bishop of the church at Tyre; Zenobius, a presbyter of the church at Sidon; and further Silvanus, bishop of the churches about Emesa.
13:4
ἀλλ οὗτος μὲν θηρίων βορὰ μεθ ἑτέρων ἐπ αὐτῆς ἐμίσης γενόμενος χοροῖς ἀνελήφθη μαρτύρων, τῶν δ ἐπ Ἀντιοχείας ἄμφω τὸν τοῦ θεοῦ λόγον διὰ τῆς εἰς θάνατον ὑπομονῆς ἐδοξασάτην, μὲν θαλαττίοις παραδοθεὶς βυθοῖς, ἐπίσκοπος, δὲ ἰατρῶν ἄριστος Ζηνόβιος ταῖς κατὰ τῶν πλευρῶν ἐπιτεθείσαις αὐτῷ καρτερῶς ἐναποθανὼν βασάνοις.
但末了那位,連同別人在以馬撒城本身成了野獸的食物,被接入殉道者的詩班;而那兩位在安提阿的,都藉著至死的忍耐榮耀了神的道──一位是那主教,被交付海洋的深處;另一位是那最好的醫生西諾比歐,在那加於他肋旁的酷刑中勇敢地死去。
But the last, becoming food for wild beasts at Emesa itself, along with others, was taken up into the choirs of martyrs; while both of those at Antioch glorified the word of God through their endurance unto death—the one, the bishop, being delivered to the depths of the sea; the other, Zenobius, that best of physicians, dying bravely amid the tortures applied to his sides.
13:5
τῶν δ ἐπὶ Παλαιστίνης μαρτύρων Σιλβανὸς, ἐπίσκοπος τῶν ἀμφὶ τὴν Γάζαν ἐκκλησιῶν, κατὰ τὰ ἐν Φαίνοι χαλκοῦ μέταλλα σὺν ἑτέροις ἑνὸς δέουσι τὸν ἀριθμὸν τεσσαράκοντα τὴν κεφαλὴν ἀποτέμνεται, Αἰγύπτιοί τε αὐτόθι Πήλευς καὶ Νεῖλος ἐπίσκοποι μεθ ἑτέρων τὴν διὰ πυρὸς ὑπέμειναν τελευτήν.
至於巴勒斯坦的眾殉道者,迦薩一帶眾教會的主教西耳瓦諾,連同別人,共差一人足四十之數,在非挪的銅礦那裡被斬首;那裡還有埃及的兩位主教比利歐和尼羅,連同別人,忍受了火刑的結局。
And of the martyrs in Palestine, Silvanus, bishop of the churches about Gaza, was beheaded at the copper mines in Phaeno, together with others, one short of forty in number; and there too the Egyptian bishops Peleus and Nilus, with others, endured the end by fire.
13:6
καὶ τὸ μέγα δὲ κλέος τῆς Καισαρέων παροικίας ἐν τούτοις ἡμῖν μνημονευέσθω Πάμφιλος πρεσβύτερος, τῶν καθ ἡμᾶς θαυμασιώτατος, οὗ τῶν ἀνδραγαθημάτων τὴν ἀρετὴν κατὰ τὸν δέοντα καιρὸν ἀνεγράψαμεν.
讓我們在這些人中,記念該撒利亞教區的大榮耀──長老潘斐羅,他是我們這時代最奇妙的人,我們已在合宜的時候記述了他英勇事蹟的卓越。
And let the great glory of the parish of Caesarea among these be remembered by us—Pamphilus, a presbyter, the most marvellous of those in our day, the excellence of whose deeds of valour we have recorded at the fitting time.
13:7
τῶν δ ἐπ Ἀλεξανδρείας καθ ὅλης τε Αἰγύπτου καὶ Θηβαΐδος διαπρεπῶς τελειωθέντων πρῶτος Πέτρος, αὐτῆς Ἀλεξανδρείας ἐπίσκοπος, θεῖόν τι χρῆμα διδασκάλων τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ θεοσεβείας, ἀναγεγράφθω, καὶ τῶν σὺν αὐτῷ πρεσβυτέρων Φαῦστος καὶ Δῖος καὶ Ἀμμώνιος, τέλειοι Χριστοῦ μάρτυρες, Φιλέας τε καὶ Ἡσύχιος καὶ Παχύμιος καὶ Θεόδωρος, τῶν ἀμφὶ τὴν Αἴγυπτον ἐκκλησιῶν ἐπίσκοποι, μυρίοι τε ἐπὶ τούτοις ἄλλοι διαφανεῖς, οἱ πρὸς τῶν κατὰ χώραν καὶ τόπον παροικιῶν μνημονεύονται, ὧν ἀνὰ τὴν πᾶσαν οἰκουμένην ὑπὲρ τῆς εἰς τὸ θεῖον εὐσεβείας ἠγωνισμένων γραφῇ παραδιδόναι τοὺς ἄθλους, ἐπ ἀκριβές τε ἕκαστα τῶν περὶ αὐτοὺς συμβεβηκότων ἱστορεῖν, οὐχ ἡμέτερον, τῶν δ ὄψει τὰ πράγματα παρειληφότων ἴδιον ἂν γένοιτο. οἷς γε μὴν αὐτὸς παρεγενόμην, τούτους καὶ τοῖς μεθ ἡμᾶς γνωρίμους δι ἑτέρας ποιήσομαι γραφής.
至於那些在亞歷山大、並全埃及和底比斯榮耀地得以成全的人,讓彼得首先被記下,他是亞歷山大本城的主教,是基督裡敬虔之眾教師中神聖的至寶;與他同列的眾長老中,有浮斯托、丟歐和阿摩尼歐,是基督完全的殉道者;還有腓利亞、希西基歐、帕基米歐和提阿多羅,是埃及一帶眾教會的主教;除這些之外,還有無數別的顯赫之人,是各鄉各地的教區所記唸的。論到這些人,當他們為著向神聖者的敬虔而遍及全地爭戰之時,要將他們的鬥爭付諸文字,並準確記述臨到他們各人的每一件事,不是我們的本分,乃是那些親眼見過這些事之人所宜作的。然而那些我親自在場的人,我必在另一卷書中將他們表明,叫我們以後的人也得認識。
And of those who were gloriously perfected at Alexandria and throughout all Egypt and the Thebaid, let Peter first be recorded, bishop of Alexandria itself, a certain divine treasure among the teachers of the godliness in Christ; and of the presbyters with him, Faustus and Dius and Ammonius, perfect martyrs of Christ; and Phileas and Hesychius and Pachymius and Theodorus, bishops of the churches about Egypt; and besides these, countless other illustrious men, who are remembered by the parishes of their own region and place—of whom, while they contended throughout the whole world for the sake of piety toward the Deity, to hand down their struggles in writing, and to relate accurately each of the things that befell them, is not our part, but would be proper to those who took in the events by sight. Those, however, at whom I myself was present, I shall make known to those who come after us in another writing.
13:8
κατά γε μὴν τὸν παρόντα λόγον τὴν παλινῳδίαν τῶν περὶ ἡμὰς εἰργασμένων τοῖς εἰρημένοις ἐπισυνάψω, τά τε ἐξ ἀρχῆς τοῦ διωγμοῦ συμβεβηκότα, χρησιμώτατα τυγχάνοντα τοῖς ἐντευξομένοις.
但在當前這卷論述中,我要將那關乎我們所作之事的翻悔,並從逼迫起頭所發生的事,附在以上所說的之後,因為這對於讀者是最為有益的。
But in the present account, I shall append to what has been said the recantation of the things done concerning us, and the things that befell from the beginning of the persecution, as being most useful to those who shall read.
13:9
τὰ μὲν οὖν πρὸ τοῦ καθ ἡμῶν πολέμου τῆς Ῥωμαίων ἡγεμονίας, ἐν ὅσοις δὴ χρόνοις τὰ τῶν ἀρχόντων φίλιά τε ἡμῖν ἦν καὶ εἰρηναῖα, ὁπόσης ἀγαθῶν εὐφορίας καὶ εὐετηρίας ἠξίωτο, τίς ἂν ἐξαρκέσειε λόγος διηγήσασθαι; ὁπότε καὶ οἱ μάλιστα τῆς καθόλου κρατοῦντες ἀρχῆς, δεκαετηρίδας καὶ εἰκοσαετηρίδας τῆς βασιλείας ἐκπλήσαντες, ἐν ἑορταῖς καὶ πανηγύρεσι, φαιδροτάταις τε θαλίαις καὶ εὐφροσύναις μετὰ πάσης εὐσταθοῦς διετέλουν εἰρήνης.
在那向我們開戰以先,當羅馬政權對我們友善和平的那些時候,它所蒙的福分如何豐盛、何等亨通,有甚麼話足以述說呢﹖那時連那些主掌天下大權的人,過了在位十週年與二十週年的慶典,都在筵席與節慶中、在最歡暢的宴樂與歡欣中,安享一切穩固的太平。
Now the things before the war against us, in the times when the disposition of the Roman government toward us was friendly and peaceful—what abundance of good things and what prosperity it was deemed worthy of, what word could suffice to relate? Seeing that even those who chiefly held the universal rule, having completed the tenth and twentieth anniversaries of their reign, spent their time in feasts and festivals, in most cheerful banquets and gladness, with all settled peace.
13:10
οὕτω δ αὐτοῖς ἀπαραποδίστως αὐξούσης καὶ ἐπὶ μέγα ὁσημέραι προιούσης τῆς ἐξουσίας, ἀθρόως τῆς πρὸς ἡμὰς εἰρήνης μεταθέμενοι, πόλεμον ἄσπονδον ἐγείρουσιν, οὔπω δ αὐτοῖς τῆς τοιασδὶ κινήσεως δεύτερον ἔτος πεπλήρωτο, καί τι περὶ τὴν ὅλην ἀρχὴν νεώτερον γεγονὸς τὰ πάντα πράγματα ἀνατρέπει.
正當他們的權柄這樣無所攔阻地增長,天天進至宏大之時,他們忽然轉變了對我們的和平,挑起一場無休止的戰爭;但這樣的動亂尚未滿兩年,便有一件關乎整個政權的變局發生,把一切的局面都傾覆了。
And while their authority was thus unhindered in its increase and advancing day by day to greatness, they suddenly changed their peace toward us and stirred up a truceless war; but the second year of such a movement had not yet been fulfilled by them, when a certain revolution that came about concerning the whole government overturned all affairs.
13:11
νόσου γὰρ οὐκ αἰσίας τῷ πρωτοστάτῃ τῶν εἰρημένων ἐπισκηψάσης, ὑφ ἧς δὴ καὶ τὰ τῆς διανοίας εἰς ἔκστασιν αὐτῷ παρήγετο, σὺν τῷ μετ αὐτὸν δευτερείοις τετιμημένῳ τὸν δημώδη καὶ ἰδιωτικὸν ἀπολαμβάνει βίον· οὔπω δὲ ταὐτ αὐτῷ οὕτω πέπρακτο, καὶ διχῆ τὰ πάντα τῆς ἀρχῆς διαιρεῖται, πρᾶγμα μηδ ἄλλοτέ πω πάλαι γεγονὸς μνήμῃ παραδεδομένον.
因為有一場不祥的疾病臨到我們所題之掌權者中為首的那位,連他心智的官能也被攪至錯亂,他便連同那位居他之次的人,退而過起平民與私人的生活。他這事還未如此辦妥,整個政權就被分成兩半,這是從古以來別的時候未曾傳於記憶中發生過的事。
For when an inauspicious disease fell upon the foremost of the rulers we have mentioned, by which even the faculties of his mind were brought to derangement, he, together with him who held the second place after him, took up the common and private life. And not yet had this been done by him in this manner, when the whole government was divided in two—a thing not handed down to memory as having happened at any other time before of old.
13:12
χρόνου δ οὐ πλείστου μεταξὺ γενομένου βασιλεὺς Κωνστάντιος, τὸν πάντα βίον πραότατα καὶ τοῖς ὑπηκόοις εὐνοικώτατα, τῷ τε θείῳ λόγῳ προσφιλέστατα διαθέμενος, παῖδα γνήσιον Κωνσταντῖνον αὐτοκράτορα καὶ σεβαστὸν ἀνθ ἑαυτοῦ καταλιπὼν, κοινῷ φύσεως νόμῳ τελευτᾷ τὸν βίον, πρῶτός τε ἐν θεοῖς ἀνηγορεύετο παρ αὐτοῖς, ἁπάσης μετὰ θάνατον, ὅση βασιλεῖ τις ἂν ὠφείλετο, τιμῆς ἠξιωμένος, χρηστότατος καὶ ἠπιώτατος βασιλέων,
過了不甚長久,皇帝君士坦提烏,他一生對臣民極其溫和仁慈,對神聖的道又極其親愛,留下一個真子君士坦丁接續他作皇帝與奧古斯都,便照著自然的常例結束了他的一生;他是被他們在眾神中首先宣告為神的,死後得著一切應歸於皇帝的尊榮──他是眾皇帝中最仁慈、最溫和的一位。
And after no very long time had intervened, the emperor Constantius, who throughout his whole life disposed himself most gently and most kindly toward his subjects, and most affectionately toward the divine word, leaving behind a true son, Constantine, as emperor and Augustus in his stead, ended his life by the common law of nature; and he was the first to be proclaimed among the gods by them, deemed worthy after death of every honour that could be owed to an emperor—the most kindly and gentle of emperors.
13:13
ὃς δὴ καὶ μόνος τῶν καθ ἡμᾶς ἐπαξίως τῆς ἡγεμονίας τὸν πάντα τῆς ἀρχῆς διατελέσας χρόνον, καὶ τἄλλα τοῖς πᾶσι δεξιώτατον καὶ εὐεργετικώτατον παρασχὼν ἑαυτὸν, τοῦ δὲ καθ ἡμῶν πολέμου μηδαμῶς ἐπικοινωνήσας, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς ὑπ αὐτὸν θεοσεβεῖς ἀβλαβεῖς καὶ ἀνεπηρεάστους φυλάξας, καὶ μήτε τῶν ἐκκλησιῶν τοὺς οἴκους καθελὼν, μήθ ἕτερόν τι καθ ἡμῶν καινουργήσας, τέλος εὐδόκιμον καὶ τρισμακάριον ἀπείληφε τοῦ βίου, μόνος ἐπὶ τῆς αὐτοῦ βασιλείας εὐμενῶς καὶ ἐπιδόξως ἐπὶ διαδόχῳ γνησίῳ παιδὶ, πάντα σωφρονεστάτῳ τε καὶ εὐσεβεστάτῳ, τελευτήσας.
他是我們這時代的人中惟一的一位,整個治理的時期都配得那主權;他在其他一切的事上也向眾人顯為最是恩慈、最有善行,全然沒有參與那向我們所發的戰爭,反倒保守他治下敬畏神的人不受損害、不被攪擾,既不拆毀眾教會的房屋,也不向我們設計別的新事,便得著了榮耀且三蒙福的人生結局;他是眾人中惟一的一位,在他治理之中恩慈而榮耀地離世,留下一個真子作他的後繼者,在凡事上極其節制、極其敬虔。
He alone of those in our day, having carried through the whole time of his rule in a manner worthy of the sovereignty, and having shown himself in all other respects most gracious and most beneficent to all, and having in no way taken part in the war against us, but having even kept unharmed and unmolested the God-fearing ones under him, neither pulling down the houses of the churches nor devising anything else new against us, received a glorious and thrice-blessed end of life, having alone of all, in the course of his reign, died graciously and gloriously, leaving a true son as his successor, in all things most temperate and most godly.
13:14
τούτου παῖς Κωνσταντῖνος εὐθὺς ἀρχόμενος, βασιλεὺς τελεώτατος καὶ σεβαστός πρὸς τῶν στρατοπέδων, καὶ ἔτι πολὺ τούτων πρότερον πρὸς αὐτοῦ τοῦ παμβασιλέως θεοῦ ἀναγορευθεὶς, ζηλωτὴν ἑαυτὸν τῆς πατρικῆς περὶ τὸν ἡμέτερον λόγον εὐσεβείας κατεστήσατο. καὶ οὗτος μὲν τοιοὗτος. Λικίννιος δὲ ἐπὶ τούτοις ὑπὸ κοινῆς ψήφου τῶν κρατούντων αὐτοκράτωρ καὶ σεβαστὸς ἀναπέφηνε.
他的兒子君士坦丁,一開始就被軍隊宣告為最完全的皇帝與奧古斯都,並且早在這些之先,已被那萬王之王神自己所宣告;他立定自己作他父親那向我們的道之敬虔的效法者。這人就是這樣。在這些事之後,黎其尼,藉著眾掌權者公議的表決,被宣告為皇帝與奧古斯都。
His son Constantine, immediately at his outset, being proclaimed a most perfect emperor and Augustus by the armies, and, long before these, by God Himself, the King of all, set himself up as an emulator of his father's piety toward our word. Such, then, was this man. And after these, Licinius, by the common vote of the rulers, was declared emperor and Augustus.
13:15
ταῦτα Μαξιμῖνον δεινῶς ἐλύπει, μόνο Καίσαρα παρὰ πάντας εἰσέτι τότε χρηματίζοντα, δὴ οὖν τὰ μάλιστα τυραννικὸς ὢν, παραρπάσας ἑαυτῷ τὴν ἀξίαν, σεβαστὸς ἦν, αὐτὸς ὑφ ἑαυτοῦ γεγονώς· ἐντούτῳ δὲ Κωνσταντίνῳ μηχανὴν θανάτου συρράπτων ἁλοὺς μετὰ τὴν ἀπόθεσιν ἐπανῃρῆσθαι δεδηλωμένος, αἰσχίστῳ καταστρέφει θανάτῳ. πρῴ του δὲ τούτου τὰς ἐπὶ τιμῇ γραφὰς, ἀνδριάντας τ καὶ ὅσα τοιαῦτα ἐπ ἀναθέσει νενόμισται, ὡς ἀνοσίο καὶ δυσσεβεστάτου καθῄρουν.
這些事使馬克西明大為惱恨,他到那時仍只被稱為「凱撒」,列在眾人之上。他既極其專橫,便為自己強奪那尊位,作了奧古斯都,是他自己使自己成為這樣的。其間,那位在退位之後被表明重新被擁立的人,因被察出謀劃要害君士坦丁性命,便以最可恥的死亡了結了。他是頭一個,他那些榮譽的銘文、塑像,並一切照例為著奉獻而設立之物,都被當作一個不潔至褻之人的而被拆除。
These things grievously vexed Maximin, who up to that time was still styled merely Caesar above all the rest. Being therefore in the highest degree tyrannical, he seized the dignity for himself, and became an Augustus, made such by his own self. Meanwhile, he who, after his abdication, was shown to have been taken up again, being caught contriving a device of death against Constantine, came to his end by a most shameful death. And he was the first whose honorific inscriptions, statues, and all such things as are customarily set up by way of dedication, were taken down as those of an unholy and most impious man.
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