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赫爾米安的法昆杜斯

為三章辯護 第 17 章

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17:1
Nunc aliud aperiamus, in quo iterum suo testimonio convincuntur, heati Cyrilli, quod secutos se jaetant, impugnasse judicium, cum, ad præjudicium magnæ synodi, similiter cumdem Theodorum crirninantur interprotantem Evangelium secundum Matthæum dixisse « quia Christum, non tanquam Filium Dei a, et ante omnem existentem crealuram, et eorum quæ sunt opificem, adiit centurio pro pueri sui salute. » In hoc autem capitulo etiam fraudulenta falsitas eorum satis apparet. Nam inde ab eis Tbeodorus accusatur, unde magis debet ab eorum accusatione defendi. Non enim, sicut fingunt, exponens hunc locum Evangelii, quid ipse de Christo sentiret ostendit, sed potius quid centurio de illo putaverit.
如今讓我們揭開另一件事,在其中他們又因自己的見證而被證實攻擊了有福的西里爾的判斷——他們卻誇口說自己跟從西里爾——因為他們為損害那大會,同樣指控這同一位狄奧多若在解釋馬太福音時說:「那百夫長為醫治他僕人的緣故來到基督跟前,並非把祂當作神的兒子、那在一切受造物之先存在、且是萬有的創造者。」而在這一段中,他們欺詐的虛謊也相當清楚地顯露出來。因為他們指控狄奧多若所憑的緣由,正是他理當藉以抵擋他們指控而得辯護的緣由。因為他在解釋福音這段時,並非如他們所佯稱的那樣,顯明他自己對基督的看法,倒是顯明那百夫長對祂的揣想。
Now let us open up another matter, in which they are again convicted by their own testimony of having assailed the judgment of blessed Cyril, whom they boast to have followed, since, to the prejudice of the great Synod, they likewise charge the same Theodore with having said, in interpreting the Gospel according to Matthew, «that the centurion approached Christ for the healing of his servant not as the Son of God, existing before every creature and the maker of the things that are.» And in this chapter too their fraudulent falsehood appears clearly enough. For Theodore is accused by them on that very ground on which he ought rather to be defended against their accusation. For he did not, as they pretend, in expounding this passage of the Gospel, show what he himself thought of Christ, but rather what the centurion supposed concerning Him.
17:2
Imo et quid ipse sentiret ostendit. Nam qui centurionem dixit, quod ignorantia I non ut Deum, et, ante omnem existentem creaturam, et eorum quæ sunt opificem, Christum adierit, procul dubio ipse non hominem tantummodo, sicut Neslorius, sed etiam Deum, et ante omnem existentem creaturam, et eorum quae sunt opificem, Christum esse cognovit. Quomodo autem ipsi consuete, prout voluerunt, corruptam Theodori sententiam in libro suo posuerint, Ostendemus, ac deinde quomodo se babeant ejus verba secundum scriptorum monumenta docebimus, ut in hac una cognoscere 2 valeatis quauta per alias cjus sententias immiserint importuna quae ille non dixit, quanta subtraxerint opportuna quiæ dixit.
不僅如此,他也顯明了自己的看法。因為那說百夫長出於無知、並非把基督當作神(那在一切受造物之先存在、且是萬有的創造者)而來到祂跟前的人,無疑他自己認定基督不單是人——如同涅斯多留所主張的——更是神,那在一切受造物之先存在、且是萬有的創造者。但他們如何照例隨己意把狄奧多若被竄改的論斷放進自己書中,我們將予以揭示;然後我們也要按照著作的記錄教明他的話實際如何,好叫你們從這一例就能認清:他們藉著他別的論斷塞進了多少他並未說過的不當之言,又抽走了多少他確曾說過的合宜之言。
Nay, he showed also what he himself thought. For he who said that the centurion, out of ignorance, approached Christ not as God, existing before every creature and the maker of the things that are, without doubt himself recognized Christ to be not man only, like Nestorius, but also God, existing before every creature and the maker of the things that are. But how they, as is their custom, have set down in their book Theodore's opinion corrupted just as they pleased, we shall show; and then we shall teach how his words really stand according to the records of the writers, so that in this one instance you may be able to recognize how many improper things—which he did not say—they have inserted through his other opinions, and how many fitting things—which he did say—they have taken away.
17:3
Sic enim dixerunt: « Sed et residuas Theodori blasphemias simili convincamus mndo. Dicit enim ipse impius Theodorus, adversus Christum insaniens, et neque ab eo facta mirabilia tanquam a Deo facta dans, centurionis vocem quam ad DomiDum dixit, in pueri curatione, contrarie in erpretans in Evangelio secundum Joannem ' dicit hæc: Bene adjecit illud: Nam et ego homo sum, quasi: Nihil mirabile, si istud posse habes, homo, cum sis accipiens 2 Deo; quoniam ego cum sim homo, accipio obedienies, semel habens jubendi potestatem ut voluero, per dantis munificentiam. Propter quod nihil ab re est, te et hanc sumente a Deo potestatem, verbo tantum jubente expelli passiones.
因為他們這樣說:「但讓我們以類似的方法駁倒狄奧多若其餘的褻瀆。因為那不敬虔的狄奧多若本人,狂妄地敵對基督,不承認祂所行的神蹟是像神所行的,竟乖謬地解釋百夫長在醫治僕人時向主所說的話,在約翰福音中說了這些話:他妥當地加上那句:因為我也是人,彷彿在說:你既是人而有這權柄,倒不足為奇,因你是從神領受的;因為我既是人,藉著那賜予者的厚恩,一旦有照己意命令的權柄,就得人聽從於我。因此,你既也從神領受了這權柄,僅憑一句命令的話就趕逐疾病,這並非甚麼希奇的事。」
For thus they said: «But let us convict the remaining blasphemies of Theodore by a similar method. For the impious Theodore himself, raging against Christ and not granting that the miracles done by Him were done as by God, interpreting perversely the centurion's words which he spoke to the Lord in the healing of his servant, in the Gospel according to John says these things: He well added that: For I too am a man, as if to say: It is no marvel if thou hast this power, being a man, since thou hast received it from God; for I too, being a man, receive those who obey me, once having the power of commanding as I will, through the bounty of Him who gives. Wherefore it is nothing strange that thou too, having received this power from God, by a word alone of command shouldest drive out diseases.»
17:4
» Neque enim tanquam Dei Filiu.n, et ante omnem creaturam subsistentem, et omnium quæ sunt opificem, adierat centurio. Hæc ex porum libro in nostrum transtulimus. Et licct in his etiam verbis quæ pro suo libitu composuerunt, non periimus obscurari potuerit dicentis intento, quoniam, sicut dictum est, non suam fidem, sed existimationem in cis ignorantis centurionis expressit, tamen ut hoc evident ns appareat, integra ipsius Theodori verba ponamus. < Supplicabat autem ci, inquit, ut curaret puerum. Ad quem Dominus dicit: Ego veniens curabo eum. Propterea maxime ipse promptius ire promisit, ut virtus centurionis cum refugit apporeret. Etenim, non sum dignus, dicit, ut intres sub tectum meum;
「因為那百夫長並未把祂當作神的兒子、那在一切受造物之先存在、且是萬有的創造者而來到祂跟前。」這些話我們是從他們的書轉錄到我們書中的。雖然連在這些他們隨己意拼湊的話裡,說話者的本意也不能被完全遮蔽——因為,如前所說,他在其中所表達的並非他自己的信仰,而是那無知百夫長的揣想——然而,為使這點更明顯地顯出,讓我們把狄奧多若本人的完整原話列出。「他懇求祂,他說,醫治他的僕人。主對他說:我去醫治他。為此緣故,祂格外樂意地應許前去,好叫百夫長的德行在他推辭時得以顯出。因為他說:我不配你到我舍下;」
«For the centurion had not approached Him as the Son of God, subsisting before every creature, and the maker of all things that are.» These things we have transferred from their book into ours. And although even in these words which they composed at their own pleasure the intent of the speaker could not be wholly obscured—since, as has been said, he expressed in them not his own faith, but the supposition of the ignorant centurion—nevertheless, that this may appear more evidently, let us set down the entire words of Theodore himself. «And he besought Him, he says, to heal his servant. To whom the Lord says: I will come and heal him. For this reason especially He promised the more readily to go, that the virtue of the centurion might appear when he declined it. For, I am not worthy, he says, that Thou shouldest enter under my roof;»
17:5
igitur verbo tantum die, et hoc cur re sufficiet. Primum igitur reverentiam multam, secundo autem maximam fidem ostendit. Deinde et cum prudentia (idem propriam monstrans: Nam et ego homo sum sub potestate, habens sub me milites, et dico huic: Vade, et vadit; et alio: Veni, et venit; et servo meo: Fac hoc, et facit. Prudentiæ enim era', secundum rationem quae ei videbatur, talia credere de Christo. Homo enim et ego; sed tamen quorum acCepi potestatem, horum sum dominus: quæ mihi videntur, ea fiunt a meis subjectis. Ergo hihil ab re est, et te hanc sumente a Deo potestatem, verbo tantum jubente expelli passioncs.
「所以只要說一句話,這事就夠了。如此,他首先顯出極大的恭敬,其次顯出最大的信心。然後他又審慎地展現自己的信心:因為我也是在權下的人,有兵在我以下,我對這個說:去,他就去;對那個說:來,他就來;對我的僕人說:作這事,他就去作。因為按照他所看為合宜的推理,如此相信基督乃是審慎的表現。因為我也是人;然而凡我所領受權柄所管的,我就是這些人的主:凡我所看為合宜的,我屬下的人就照樣行。因此,你既也從神領受了這權柄,僅憑一句命令的話就趕逐疾病,這並非甚麼希奇的事。」
«therefore only say the word, and this will suffice for the matter. First, then, he shows much reverence, and secondly the greatest faith. Then also he displays his own faith with prudence: For I too am a man under authority, having soldiers under me, and I say to this one: Go, and he goes; and to another: Come, and he comes; and to my servant: Do this, and he does it. For it was a mark of prudence to believe such things of Christ according to the reasoning which seemed good to him. For I too am a man; but nevertheless of those over whom I have received power, of these I am lord: what seems good to me, these things are done by my subordinates. Therefore it is nothing strange that thou too, having received this power from God, by a word alone of command shouldest drive out diseases.»
17:6
Neque enim tanquam Dei Filium, ct ante omnem creaturam subsistentem, et omniom quae sunt opificem, adierat centurio. Hæc enim neque discipulorum crat tunc scire ante crucelO, sicut in reliquis ostendemus, Domino adjuvante, subtilius, sed tanquam hominem per virtutem adeptum a Deo majorem quam est hominis potestatem. Unde ei dixit: Nam et ego homo sum. » Hoc modo se habent verba Thcodori. Jam nunc confer utrumque g sicut te dignum est, imperator, et iovenies quanta ab eis fuerint supposita, et quanta subtracta, ne veritas appareret. Maxime autem, quis non videat quin non ob aliud subtraxerunt quod ibi dictum est:
「因為那百夫長並未把祂當作神的兒子、那在一切受造物之先存在、且是萬有的創造者而來到祂跟前。因為在十字架以前,這原不是門徒所能知道的——正如我們在其餘部分將靠主幫助更精細地揭示——倒是把祂當作一個藉德行從神獲得了大於人之權柄的人。因此祂對他說:因為我也是人。」狄奧多若的話如此這般。如今,皇帝啊,請你照你尊位所配的把這兩者相比,你就會發現他們塞進了多少、又抽走了多少,免得真相顯露。但首要的是,誰看不出他們抽走那裡所說的話,無非是為這緣故:
«For the centurion had not approached Him as the Son of God, subsisting before every creature, and the maker of all things that are. For neither was it then the disciples' part, before the cross, to know these things—as we shall show more subtly in what remains, with the Lord's help—but rather as a man who through virtue had obtained from God a power greater than is a man's. Whence He said to him: For I too am a man.» In this manner stand the words of Theodore. Now then compare both, as is worthy of thee, O Emperor, and thou wilt find how many things have been foisted in by them, and how many taken away, lest the truth should appear. But chiefly, who does not see that they took away what was said there for no other reason:
17:7
« Prudentiæ enim erat, secundum rationem quæ ei videbatur, tal a credere de Christo; » nisi ut in illis verbis centurionis 6 ignorantis existimationem, quam suam fidem, videretur Theodorus magis' expressisse; vel illud extremum quod pertingere noluerunt, ubi ait: « Hæc enim neque discipulorum erat tunc scire ante cruccm, sicut inferius ostendemus, Domino adjuvante, subtilius ? » Collige ita que pariter cum his verbis finem sententiæ, et invenies Thcodorum, qui Christum, non tanquam hominem per virtutem adeptum a Deo majorem, quam est homin s, potestatem, sed verum Dei Filium credidit, et ante omnem creaturam subsistentem, et omnium quae sunt opificem. Nam quomodo diceret:
「因為按照他所看為合宜的推理,如此相信基督乃是審慎的表現;」這話他們抽走,無非是要叫狄奧多若在那些話裡看似表達的,乃是那無知百夫長的揣想,而非他自己的信仰;又或者是那末了一句他們不肯觸及的話,他在其中說:「因為在十字架以前,這原不是門徒所能知道的——正如我們在下文將靠主幫助更精細地揭示?」如此,請把句末與這些話一同合看,你就會發現狄奧多若所信的基督,並非一個藉德行從神獲得了大於人之權柄的人,乃是真正的神的兒子、那在一切受造物之先存在、且是萬有的創造者。因為他怎會說:
«For it was a mark of prudence to believe such things of Christ according to the reasoning which seemed good to him;» except that, in those words, Theodore might seem to have expressed rather the supposition of the ignorant centurion than his own faith; or that final clause which they would not reach, where he says: «For neither was it then the disciples' part, before the cross, to know these things—as we shall show below, with the Lord's help, more subtly?» Gather, then, together with these words the end of the sentence, and you will find that Theodore believed Christ to be not as a man who through virtue had obtained from God a power greater than is a man's, but the true Son of God, subsisting before every creature, and the maker of all things that are. For how would he say:
17:8
Ncc discipulorum erat tunc scire ante crucem, nisi hxc ipse sciret, et discipulos quoque post crucem crederet cognovisse? Quis porro istorum tantas fraudes mendaciaque non horreat? Si non consideratur quod scriptum est, Perdes omnes qui loquuntur mendacium (Psal. v, 7), et timor Dei contemnitur, pro humano saltem pudore, qui facile deprehendi poterat, manifesto mendacio debuerant abstinere; et tamen de ipso Tbeodoro loquentes dicunt: « Horremus etiam solam memoriam blasphemiarum ejus, et Deo supplicamus, ut nobis fiat propitius quod omnino in lingua talia sustinemus. » Quanta conscientiæ sanctitas, et quanta sinceritas!
在十字架以前,這原不是門徒所能知道的——除非他自己知道這事,並相信門徒在十字架以後也認識了這事?再者,誰不對這些人這樣的欺詐與謊言感到戰慄呢?倘若他們對所寫的話毫不顧念——你必滅絕說謊言的(詩五7)——又藐視敬畏神,那麼至少出於人的羞恥心——既然他們很容易被識破——也理當戒絕明顯的虛謊;然而他們論到狄奧多若本人卻說:「我們連單單記起他的褻瀆都戰慄,並懇求神向我們施恩,因我們竟容讓這等話語上到我們舌頭。」何等良心的聖潔,何等的真誠!
It was not then the disciples' part, before the cross, to know it—unless he himself knew this, and believed that the disciples too came to know it after the cross? Who, moreover, would not shudder at such frauds and lies of these men? If no regard is had to that which is written, Thou shalt destroy all that speak a lie (Ps. V, 7), and the fear of God is despised, then at least out of human shame—since they could easily have been detected—they ought to have abstained from manifest falsehood; and yet, speaking of Theodore himself, they say: «We shudder even at the mere memory of his blasphemies, and we beseech God that He may be propitious to us that we endure such things at all upon our tongue.» What sanctity of conscience, and what sincerity!
17:9
Quomodo se probant blaspbemiarum quae ab alio dictæ sunt horrere memoriam, qui tanta quae non sunt dicta confingunt? aut quomodo eis non propitietur Deus, ita simpliciter ac veraciter invocatus ? Isti sunt qui docent novam, et tam Leoni Romano, donec advixit, quam toti hactenus Ecclesiæ incognitam veritatem. Abjiciantur, obsecro, tales, et profugentur ab auribus vestris, nec eis ultra sit liberum titulo vestri nominis sua mendacia prænotare.
他們既捏造了如此眾多從未說過的話,又怎能證明自己對別人所說褻瀆的記憶感到戰慄呢?又或者,他們如此單純而真誠地呼求,神怎會向他們施恩呢?這些人就是那教導新真理的人——這真理是羅馬的利歐在世時、以及迄今全教會都不認識的。我懇求你,願這等人被趕出去,從你耳邊驅散,也不再讓他們得以自由地用你尊名的標題去題署他們的謊言。
How do they prove that they shudder at the memory of blasphemies spoken by another, who fabricate so many things that were never said? or how should God be propitious to them, being thus simply and truthfully invoked? These are they who teach a new truth, unknown both to Roman Leo as long as he lived, and to the whole Church hitherto. Let such men, I beseech you, be cast out, and put to flight from your ears, nor let it any longer be free for them to inscribe their lies with the title of your name.
17:10
Nam si hanc manifestam Theodori de centurione sententiam, per quam magis eum, quomodo promiseramus, ostendimus ab eorum accusatione defendi, sic impudenter accusaverunt, sic aliis suppositis quidem, aliis vero subtractis, obscurare conati sunt, ut ea in contrarium sensum sæva interpretatione converterent; quid illos in caeteris fecisse credendum est, ubi prædictus Theodorus, Apolinaristis contradicens, quædam cerlative magis quam modeste cauteque locutus est?
因為他們既如此厚顏無恥地指控狄奧多若論百夫長這明顯的論斷——藉著這論斷,我們倒如先前所應許的,顯明他可抵擋他們的指控而得辯護——又如此設法遮蔽它,一面塞進某些東西,一面抽走另一些,好用兇殘的解釋把它扭轉成相反的意思;那麼在別的事上,我們又當相信他們做了甚麼呢——就是上述狄奧多若駁斥亞波里拿留派時,說了某些較為爭辯而非謙和審慎的話之處?
For if they so shamelessly accused this manifest opinion of Theodore concerning the centurion—through which we have rather shown him, as we had promised, to be defended against their accusation—and so attempted to obscure it, some things being foisted in, others taken away, that by a savage interpretation they might turn it into a contrary sense; what must we believe they have done in other matters, where the aforesaid Theodore, contradicting the Apollinarists, spoke certain things more contentiously than modestly and cautiously?
17:11
Ac I si beati Cyrilli, quemadmodum jactant, eos teneret auctoritas, non solum cvangelica scripta male fuissc a Tlieodoro interpretata non dicerent, in quibus ille perhibd, sicut affirmant, labores ejus nullum fuisse ausum increpare, sed dextro decreto honorare studium rectorum dogmalum quod in eis est; verum etiam quæcunque in aliis cjusdetn Theodori scriptis similia non culparent, sed potius se crederent minus eorum rationem patuisse cognoscere; ne, talibus temere improbatis, consequenter et illa quæ in laboribus ejus a bcato Cyrillo approbata esse non denegant, culpare pro similitudine viderentur.
況且,倘若有福的西里爾的權威果真約束著他們——如他們所誇口的——他們就不單不會說福音的著作被狄奧多若解釋得不好(如他們所申明的,西里爾在這些著作中見證說無人敢責備他的辛勞,倒要藉著一道有利的裁定來尊崇其中對正統教義的熱忱),而且凡這同一位狄奧多若其他著作中類似的東西,他們也不會責備,倒會相信是這些東西的道理較少向他們的理解敞開;免得這些東西被輕率地非難之後,他們便因類似之故而連帶顯得也在責備那些他們不否認曾被有福的西里爾在其辛勞中所稱許的東西。
And indeed if the authority of blessed Cyril held them, as they boast, they would not only not say that the evangelical writings had been badly interpreted by Theodore—in which, as they affirm, Cyril testifies that no one dared to censure his labors, but rather, by a favorable decree, to honor the zeal for right doctrines which is in them—but they would also not blame whatever similar things are in the other writings of the same Theodore, but would rather believe that the reason of these had less been open to their understanding; lest, such things being rashly disapproved, they should consequently seem, by reason of the similarity, to blame also those things which they do not deny to have been approved by blessed Cyril in his labors.
17:12
Si autem quia Nestorianus error Christum, non tanquam Dei Filium, et ante omnem creaturam existentem, et omnium quae sunt opificem credit, ideo Theodorum condemnaverunt, velut similia sapientem, necessario sequitur ut quia probatus est idem Theodorus, Christum Dei Filium, et ante omnem creaturam subsistentem, et omn um quæ sunt opificem credidisse, inique fuerit condemnatus, quasi Nestorii doctor, cujus errori multum videtur fuisse contrarius. Cernis itaquc, pie princeps, quomodo, si nobis alia defuissent, hoc uno satis idonee doceremus, etiam » epistolam venerabilis Ibae, quam synodus approbavit, indigne pro laude Theodori fuisse damnatam;
但倘若他們定罪狄奧多若、視他為持相似見解的人,是因為涅斯多留的謬誤相信基督並非神的兒子(那在一切受造物之先存在、且是萬有的創造者),那麼必然得出:既然這同一位狄奧多若已被證實相信基督是神的兒子、那在一切受造物之先存在、且是萬有的創造者,他就是被不公正地定罪為涅斯多留的師傅了——而他對涅斯多留的謬誤其實看來大相牴觸。敬虔的君王啊,如此你便看出:縱然我們別無其他憑據,單憑這一點,我們也足以恰當地教明,可敬的伊巴那封被大會所稱許的書信,竟為了稱讚狄奧多若而被不當地定罪;
But if it is because the Nestorian error believes Christ to be not as the Son of God, existing before every creature and the maker of all things that are, that they therefore condemned Theodore as holding similar views, then it necessarily follows that, since the same Theodore has been proven to have believed Christ to be the Son of God, subsisting before every creature and the maker of all things that are, he was unjustly condemned as a teacher of Nestorius, to whose error he seems to have been much opposed. You see therefore, O godly prince, how, even if other proofs had been lacking to us, by this one alone we might sufficiently and fittingly teach that the letter of the venerable Ibas too, which the Synod approved, was unworthily condemned for the praise of Theodore;
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