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Eusebius

Church History IX 8

Greek original · 15 verses · some words can be tapped for a gloss

← ch. 7ch. 9 →
8:1
Οἱ μὲν οὖν ἐξ ἔθους ὄμβροι τε καὶ ὑετοὶ χειμαδίου τῆς ὥρας ὑπαρχούσης τὴν ἐπὶ γῆς ἀνεῖχον συνήθη φορὰν, λιμὸς δ ἀδόκητος ἐπισκήπτει, καὶ λοιμὸς ἐπὶ τούτῳ, καί τινος ἑτέρου νοσήματοςἕλκος δὲ ἦν φερωνύμως τοῦ πυρώδους ἕνεκεν· ἄνθραξ προσαγορευόμενονἐπιφορὰ, καθ ὅλων μὲν ἕρπον τῶν σωμάτων σφαλεροὺς ἐνεποίει τοῖς πεπονθόσι κινδύνους, οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ καὶ κατὰ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν διαφερόντως ἐπὶ πλεῖστον γινόμενον μυρίους ὅσους ἄνδρας ἅμα γυναιξὶ καὶ παισὶ πηροὺς ἀπειργάζετο.
Now the customary showers and rains, the season being wintry, withheld their accustomed bounty upon the earth, and an unexpected famine fell upon us, and on top of this a pestilence, and besides the outbreak of another kind of disease—it was an ulcer, named from its fiery character 「anthrax,」 the carbuncle—which, creeping over the whole body, wrought perilous dangers upon those afflicted, but moreover, occurring especially and most extensively in the region of the eyes, rendered countless numbers of men, together with women and children, blind.
如今照常該降的甘霖與雨水,正值冬令時節,卻不肯按往例賜下於地,又有一場意外的饑荒臨到我們,緊接著又有瘟疫,此外還爆發了另一種疾病——那是一種潰瘍,因其灼熱的性質而得名「炭疽」(anthrax);它蔓延全身,使患病的人陷於危險的險境,並且尤其常發於眼部,極其廣泛,使無數的男子連同婦女孩童都成了瞎眼之人。
8:2
τούτοις προσεπανίσταται τῷ τυράννῳ πρὸς Ἀρμενίους πόλεμος, ἄνδρας ἐξ ἀρχαίου φίλους τε καὶ συμμάχους Ῥωμαίων, οὓς καὶ αὐτοὺς Χριστιανοὺς ὄντας τὴν εἰς τὸ θεῖον εὐσέβειαν διὰ σπουδῆς ποιουμένους θεομισὴς εἰδώλοις θύειν καὶ δαίμοσιν ἐπαναγκάσαι πεπειραμένος ἐχθροὺς ἀντὶ φίλων καὶ πολεμίους ἀντὶ συμμάχων κατεστήσατο.
In addition to these things, there rose up against the tyrant the war with the Armenians, men who from of old had been friends and allies of the Romans, and whom—being themselves Christians and earnestly maintaining their piety toward the Deity—this God-hated man, having attempted to compel to sacrifice to idols and to demons, made enemies instead of friends and foes instead of allies.
除這些事之外,又有與亞美尼亞人的戰爭興起攻擊那僭主;他們自古以來就是羅馬人的朋友與盟友,本身也是基督徒,殷勤持守對神的虔敬。這恨惡神之人企圖強逼他們向偶像與鬼魔獻祭,竟使朋友變為仇敵、盟友變為對頭。
8:3
ἀθρόως δὴ ταῦτα πάντα ὑφ᾿ ἕνα καὶ τὸν αὐτὸν συρρεύσαντα καιρὸν τῆς τοῦ τυράννου θρασύτητος τὴν κατὰ τοῦ θείου μεγαλαυχίαν διήλεγξεν, ὅτι δὴ τῆς περὶ τὰ εἴδωλα αὐτοῦ σπουδῆς καὶ τῆς καθ᾿ ἡμῶν ἕνεκα πολιορκίας μὴ λιμὸν μηδὲ λοιμὸν μηδὲ μὴν πόλεμον ἐπὶ τῶν αὐτοῦ συμβῆναι καιρῶν ἐθρασύνετο. ταῦτα δ᾿ οὖν ὁμοῦ καὶ κατὰ τὸ αὐτὸ ἐπελθόντα καὶ τῆς αὐτοῦ καταστροφῆς περιειλήφει τὰ προοίμια.
All these things, then, flowing together suddenly at one and the same time, refuted the rashness of the tyrant's vaunting against the Deity, because he had boasted that, on account of his zeal for the idols and his besieging of us, neither famine nor pestilence nor indeed war had befallen in his times. These things, therefore, coming on together and at the same moment, encompassed also the prelude of his own overthrow.
這一切的事既忽然在同一時候一齊湧來,便駁倒了那僭主向神誇口的狂妄,因他曾誇說,藉著他對偶像的熱忱和對我們的圍攻,在他的年間既無饑荒、又無瘟疫、也無戰爭臨到。然而這些事既一同並在同一時刻臨到,便也構成了他自己覆亡的序幕。
8:4
αὐτὸς μὲν οὖν περὶ τὸν πρὸς Ἀρμενίους πόλεμον ἅμα τοῖς αὐτοῦ στρατοπέδοις κατεπονεῖτο, τοὺς δὲ λοιποὺς τῶν τὰς ὑπ᾿ αὐτὸν πόλεις οἰκούντων δεινῶς λιμός τε ἅμα καὶ λοιμὸς κατετρυχέτην, ὡς ἑνὸς μέτρου πυρῶν δισχιλίας καὶ πεντακοσίας Ἀττικὰς ἀντικαταλλάττεσθαι.
He himself, then, together with his armies, was being worn down in the war against the Armenians; while as for the rest of those who inhabited the cities under his rule, both famine and pestilence together grievously wasted them, so that a single measure of wheat was exchanged for two thousand five hundred Attic drachmae.
他自己連同他的軍隊,在與亞美尼亞人的戰爭中漸被消磨;而他治下諸城其餘的居民,則飢荒與瘟疫一同慘重地殘害他們,以致一斗麥子竟換取二千五百個雅典銀幣。
8:5
μυρίοι μὲν οὖν ἐτύγχανον οἱ κατὰ πόλεις θνήσκοντες, πλείους δὲ τούτων οἱ κατ᾿ ἀγρούς τε καὶ κώμας, ὡς ἤδη καὶ τὰς πάλαι τῶν ἀγροίκων πολυάνδρους ἀπογραφὰς μικροῦ δεῖν παντελῆ παθεῖν ἐξάλειψιν, ἀθρόως σχεδὸν ἁπάντων ἐνδείᾳ τροφῆς καὶ λοιμώδει νόσῳ διεφθαρμένων.
Countless, then, were those who were dying throughout the cities, but more than these were those throughout the fields and villages, so that the registers of the country folk, formerly numbering many men, now suffered well-nigh complete obliteration, almost all at once perishing through lack of food and through the pestilential disease.
於是在各城中死亡的人不計其數,而在鄉間與村莊中死的更多,以致鄉間從前人丁眾多的戶籍冊,如今幾乎遭到完全的抹除,眾人幾乎在轉瞬間都因缺乏食物與瘟疫之病而喪亡。
8:6
τινὲς μὲν οὖν τὰ ἑαυτῶν φίλτατα βραχυτάτης τροφῆς τοῖς εὐπορωτέροις ἀπεμπολᾶν ἠξίουν, ἄλλοι δὲ τὰς κτήσεις κατὰ βραχὺ διαπιπράσκοντες εἰς ἐσχάτην ἐνδείας ἀπορίαν ἤλαυνον· ἤδη δέ τινες σμικρὰ χόρτου διαμασώμενοι σπαράγματα, καί τινας ἀνέδην φθοροποιοὺς ἐσθίοντες πόας, τὴν τῶν σωμάτων ἔξιν λυμαινόμενοι διώλλυντο.
Some, then, thought fit to barter away their dearest possessions to the wealthier for the scantiest morsel of food; others, selling off their belongings little by little, were driven to the extremest destitution of want; and some, already chewing small shreds of hay, and eating without restraint certain destructive herbs, ruined the constitution of their bodies and perished.
於是有些人甘願將自己最寶貴的家財,賤賣給較富有的人,以換取一點點食物;又有些人零星變賣產業,落到極度的窮乏匱缺;還有些人已在咀嚼些微的乾草碎屑,又毫無節制地吞食某些有毒的野菜,敗壞了身體的元氣而喪命。
8:7
καὶ γυναίων δὲ τῶν κατὰ πόλεις εὐγενίδων τινὲς, εἰς ἀναίσχυντον ἀνάγκην πρὸς τῆς ἀπορίας ἐλαθεῖσαι, μεταιτεῖν ἐπὶ τῶν ἀγορῶν προεληλύθεσαν, τῆς πάλαι ἐλευθερίου ὑπόδειγμα διὰ τῆς περὶ τὸ πρόσωπον αἰδοῦς καὶ τῆς ἀμφὶ τὴν περιβολὴν κοσμιότητος ὑποφαίνουσαι.
And some of the well-born women in the cities, driven by want to a shameless necessity, had gone forth to beg in the market-places, showing a token of their former free-born station by the modesty of their countenance and the decorousness of their attire.
城中有些出身高貴的婦女,被窮乏逼到無顏的境地,竟出到市集行乞,藉其面容的端莊與衣著的整飭,顯出她們從前自由人身分的痕跡。
8:8
καὶ οἱ μὲν ἀπεσκληκότες ὥσπερ εἴδωλα νεκρὰ ὧδε κἀκεῖσε ψυχορραγοῦντες, ἐνσειόμενοί τε καὶ περιολισθαίνοντες ὑπ ἀδυναμίας τοῦ στῆναι, κατέπιπτον ἐν μέσαις ταῖς πλατείαις, πρηνεῖς δ ἡπλωμένοι ὀρέξαι σφίσι μικρὸν τρύφος ἄρτου κατηντιβόλουν, καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν πρὸς ἐσχάταις ἔχοντες ἀναπνοαῖς πεινῆν ἐπεβόων, πρὸς μόνην ταύτην τὴν ὀδυνηροτάτην φωνὴν εὐσθενεῖς καθιστάμενοι·
And some, shrivelled up like dead phantoms, gasping out their lives here and there, reeling and slipping from inability to stand, fell down in the midst of the open streets; and, stretched out prone, they kept entreating that some little crumb of bread might be held out to them, and, having their soul at its last gasps, they cried out that they were starving, growing strong only for this one most piteous cry.
有些人乾枯如同死去的鬼影,在各處奄奄一息,因無力站立而搖晃滑倒,仆倒在大街的中央;他們俯臥伸展,苦苦哀求人遞給他們一小塊麵包,氣息僅存於最後的喘息之間,仍呼喊說自己餓著,惟獨為這一聲最為哀慘的呼喊還有氣力。
8:9
οἱ δὲ τὴν πληθὺν τῶν αἰτούντων καταπληττ·όμενοι, ὅσοι τῶν εὐπορωτέρων ἐδόκουν εἶναι, μετὰ τὸ μυρία παρασχεῖν εἰς ἀπηνῆ λοιπὸν καὶ ἄτεγκτον ἐχώρουν διάθεσιν, τὰ αὐτὰ τοῖς αἰτοῦσιν ὅσον οὔπω καὶ αὐτοὶ πείσεσθαι προσδοκῶντες, ὥστ ἤδη κατὰ μέσας ἀγορὰς καὶ στενωποὺς νεκρὰ καὶ γυμνὰ σώματα ἐφ ἡμέραις πλείοσιν ἄταφα διερριμμένα θέαν τοῖς ὁρῶσιν οἰκτροτάτην παρέχεσθαι.
But others, dismayed at the multitude of those who begged—as many as seemed to be of the wealthier sort—after they had bestowed countless gifts, henceforth passed over into a harsh and pitiless disposition, expecting that they themselves before long would suffer the same things as those who begged; so that already in the midst of the market-places and lanes dead and naked bodies, cast out unburied for many days, presented a most pitiable sight to those who beheld them.
至於別人,那些看似較富有的,因見行乞之人成羣而驚惶,在施捨了無數財物之後,從此便轉為剛硬無情的心態,料想自己不久也要遭遇與行乞者同樣的事;以致在市集與巷弄的中央,已有赤裸的屍體被棄置多日無人埋葬,向觀看的人呈現出最為可憐的景象。
8:10
ἤδη γέ τοι καὶ κυνῶν τινὲς ἐγίνοντο βορὰ, δι ἣν μάλιστα αἰτίαν οἶ ζῶντες ἐπὶ τὴν κυνοκτονίαν ἐτράποντο, δέει τοῦ μὴ λυσσήσαντας ἀνθρωποφαγίαν ἐργάσασθαι.
Indeed, some were already becoming food for dogs; and for this cause especially the living turned to the slaying of dogs, for fear lest, having gone mad, they should work the eating of human flesh.
誠然,有些屍體已成了狗的食物;正為這緣故,活著的人便轉而宰殺狗,惟恐牠們發狂之後行那食人之肉的事。
8:11
οὐχ ἥκιστα δὲ καὶ λοιμὸς πάντας οἴκους καὶ γενεὰς ἐπεβόσκετο, μάλιστα δ οὓς λιμὸς διὰ τὸ εὐπορεῖν τροφῶν οὐχ οἷός τε ἦν ἐκτρῖψαι. οἱ γοῦν ἐν περιουσίαις, ἄρχοντες καὶ ἡγεμόνες καὶ μυρίοι τῶν ἐν τέλει, ὥσπερ ἐπίτηδες τῇ λοιμώδει νόσῳ πρὸς τοῦ λιμοῦ καταλελειμμένοι, ὀξεῖαν καὶ ὠκυτάτην ὑπέμενον τελευτήν· πάντα δ οὖν οἰμωγῶν ἦν ἀνάπλεα, κατὰ πάντας τε στενωποὺς, ἀγοράς τε καὶ πλατείας οὐδ ἦν ἄλλο τι θεωρεῖν θρήνους μετὰ τῶν συνήθων αὐτοῖς αὐλῶν τε καὶ κτύπων.
And not least did the pestilence also feed upon all households and families, but especially those whom the famine, by reason of their abundance of food, was not able to wipe out. At all events, those in affluence—rulers and governors and countless of those in office—as though purposely left by the famine to the pestilential disease, underwent a swift and most rapid end. Everything, then, was full of lamentations, and throughout all the lanes, the market-places and the broad streets, there was nothing else to behold than dirges, together with the flutes and beatings of breasts that customarily accompanied them.
瘟疫也不亞於饑荒,吞噬了一切的家庭與宗族,尤其是那些因食物豐足、饑荒所不能除滅的人。總之,那些富足的人——官長、長官並無數在位的人——彷彿被饑荒特意留給瘟疫之病,竟遭遇迅速而至急的結局。於是處處充滿哀號,在一切巷弄、市集與大街上,所能見的無非是哀歌,並照習俗伴隨哀歌的笛聲與捶胸之聲。
8:12
τοῦτον δὴ τὸν τρόπον δυσὶν ὅπλοις τοῖς προδεδηλωμένοις λοιμοῦ τε ὁμοῦ καὶ λιμοῦ στρατεύσας θάνατος ὅλας ἐν ὀλίγῳ γενεὰς ἐνεμήθη, ὡς ὁρᾶν ἤδη δυεῖν καὶ τριῶν σώματα νεκρῶν ὑπὸ μίαν ἐκφορὰν προκομιζόμενα.
In this manner, then, death, having waged war with the two weapons aforesaid, pestilence together with famine, devoured whole families in a short time, so that one might now see the bodies of two and three dead being borne forth under a single funeral.
於是死亡便以前述的兩樣兵器——瘟疫連同饑荒——爭戰,在短時間內吞滅了整個整個的家族,以致人如今得見兩三具死屍同在一次出殯中擡出。
8:13
τοιαῦτα τῆς Μαξιμίνου μεγαλαυχίας καὶ τῶν κατὰ πόλεις καθ ἡμῶν ψηφισμάτων τἀπίχειρα ἦν, ὅτε καὶ τῆς Χριστιανῶν περὶ πάντα σπουδῆς τε καὶ εὐσεβείας πᾶσιν ἔθνεσιν διάδηλα κατέστη τὰ τεκμήρια.
Such were the wages of Maximin's vaunting and of the decrees of the cities against us, at the very time when the proofs of the Christians' zeal and piety in all things became manifest to all the nations.
馬克西米努斯的誇口並各城攻擊我們之決議所得的報應正是如此;恰在此時,基督徒在凡事上熱忱與虔敬的明證,向萬民顯明出來。
8:14
μόνοι γοῦν ἐν τηλικαύτῃ κακῶν περιστάσει τὸ συμπαθὲς καὶ φιλάνθρωπον ἔργοις αὐτοῖς ἐπιδεικνύμενοι, διὰ πάσης ἡμέρας οἱ μὲν τῇ τῶν θνησκόντων μυριάδες δ ἦσαν οἷς οὔτις ἦν ἐπιμελησόμενος) κηδείᾳ τε καὶ ταφῇ προσεκαρτέρουν, οἶ δὲ τῶν ἀνὰ πᾶσαν τὴν πόλιν πρὸς τοῦ λιμοῦ κατατρυχομένων τὴν πληθὺν ὑπὸ μίαν σύνοψιν ἀθροίζοντες ἄρτους διένεμον τοῖς πᾶσιν, ὡς περιβόητον εἰς πάντας ἀνθρώπους καταστῆναι τὸ πρᾶγμα, θεόν τε τῶν Χριστιανῶν δοξάζειν, εὐσεβεῖς τε καὶ μόνους θεοσεβεῖς τούτους ἀληθῶς, πρὸς αὐτῶν ἐλεγχθέντας τῶν πραγμάτων, ὁμολογεῖν.
For they alone, in so great a crisis of evils, by their very deeds displayed compassion and love toward man: throughout every day some of them devoted themselves to the care and burial of the dying (and the multitude of those for whom there was none to take care was beyond counting); while others gathered together into one assembly the multitude of those throughout the whole city who were being worn down by the famine, and distributed bread to all, so that the matter became noised abroad among all men, and they glorified the God of the Christians, and confessed that these alone were truly pious and reverent toward God, being convicted of it by the very facts.
因惟獨他們,在這般大的災禍危難中,以實際的行為顯出對人的憐恤與仁愛:他們有些人終日專心照料並埋葬將死的人(那無人照管之人的眾多,實在難以計數);又有些人將全城中被饑荒所殘害之眾召聚於一處,向眾人分發麵包,以致這事傳揚於眾人中間,他們便榮耀基督徒的神,並承認惟獨這些人真是敬虔、敬畏神的,這乃是被事實本身所證實。
8:15
ἐφ οἷς τοῦτον ἐπιτελουμένοις τὸν τρόπον μέγας καὶ οὐράνιος Χριστιανῶν ὑπέρμαχος θεὸς τὴν κατὰ πάντων ἀνθρώπων διὰ τῶν δεδηλωμένων ἐπιδειξάμενος ἀπειλὴν καὶ ἀγανάκτησιν ἀνθ ὧν εἰς ἡμὰς ὑπερβαλλόντως ἐνεδείξαντο, τὴν εὐμενῆ καὶ φαιδρὰν τῆς αὐτοῦ περὶ ἡμᾶς προνοίας αὖθις ἡμῖν αὐγὴν ἀπεδίδου, ὡς ἐν βαθεῖ σκότῳ παραδοξότατα φῶς ἡμῖν ἐξ αὐτοῦ καταλάμπων εἰρήνης, ἐκφανές τε τοῖς πᾶσι καθιστὰς, θεὸν αὐτὸν τῶν καθ ἡμᾶς ἐπίσκοπον διὰ παντὸς γεγονέναι πραγμάτων, μαστίζοντα μὲν καὶ διὰ τῶν περιστάσεων κατὰ καιρὸν ἐπιστρέφοντα τὸν αὐτοῦ λαὸν, πάλιν δ αὖ μετὰ τὴν αὐτάρκη παιδείαν ἵλεων καὶ εὐμενῆ τοῖς εἰς αὐτὸν τὰς ἐλπίδας ἔχουσιν ἀναφαινομενον.
Upon these things being thus accomplished, the great and heavenly Champion of the Christians, God, having displayed through the aforesaid events His threat and indignation against all men in return for the things they had excessively done against us, once more restored to us the kindly and radiant beam of His providence concerning us, so that, as in deep darkness, He caused most marvellously a light of peace to shine upon us from Himself, and made manifest to all that God Himself had throughout been the overseer of our affairs—at times scourging and through afflictions in season turning back His own people, and again, after sufficient chastening, showing Himself merciful and kindly toward those who set their hopes upon Him.
這些事既如此辦成,那作基督徒之大護衛的屬天之神,既藉前述的事,向眾人顯出祂的威嚇與震怒,報應他們向我們所行那過分之事,便又向我們恢復祂眷顧我們那慈祥光輝的光芒,以致彷彿在深濃的黑暗中,祂極其奇妙地使一道平安之光從祂自己照在我們身上,又向眾人顯明:神自己始終是我們事務的鑒察者——祂時而責打、藉適時的患難使祂自己的子民回轉,又在足夠的管教之後,向那些把指望放在祂身上的人顯出施恩慈愛。
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