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優西比烏
《教會史》卷七 第 22 章
希臘文原文．12 節．此語言尚無詞彙資料
22:1
Μετὰ ταῦτα λοιμικῆς τὸν πόλεμον διαλαβούσης νόσου, τῆς τε ἑορτῆς πλησιαζούσης, αὖθις διὰ γραφῆς τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς ὁμιλεῖ, τὰ τῆς συμφορᾶς ἐπισημαινόμενος πάθη διὰ τούτων
在這些事之後，當一場瘟疫接續了那爭戰、節期又臨近時，他便又藉書信向弟兄們致意，以這些話表明那災難的苦楚：
After these things, when a pestilential disease had taken up the war, and the feast was drawing near, he again addresses the brethren by writing, signifying the sufferings of the calamity in these words:
22:2
τοῖς μὲν ἄλλοις ἀνθρώποις οὐκ ἂν δόξειε καιρὸς ἑορτῆς εἶναι τὰ παρόντα. οὐδ ἔστιν αὐτοῖς οὔτε οὗτος οὔτε τις ἕτερος, οὐχ ὅπως τῶν ἐπιλύπων, ἀλλ οὐδ εἴ τις περιχαρὴς, ὃν οἰηθεῖεν μάλιστα. νῦν μέν γε θρῆνοι πάντα, καὶ πενθοῦσι πάντες, καὶ περιηχοῦσιν οἰμωγαὶ τὴν πόλιν διὰ τὸ πλῆθος τῶν τεθνηκότων καὶ τῶν ἀποθνησκόντων ὁσημέραι.
「在別人看來，目前的時候似乎不是節期的日子；於他們也確實不是，無論這個或別的——不僅那悲傷的不算節期，連那人所以為極喜樂的也算不得。如今實在是處處哀慟，人人服喪，哀號之聲響徹全城，因為死了的並日日垂死的人數眾多。
“To other men the present time would not seem to be a season of festival; nor is it to them, neither this nor any other—not only of the sorrowful, but not even any that one might think exceedingly joyful. Now indeed all is lamentation, and all are in mourning, and wailings resound throughout the city because of the multitude of the dead and of those who are dying day by day.
22:3
ὡς γὰρ ἐπὶ τῶν πρωτοτόκων τῶν Αἰγυπτίων γέγραπται, οὕτως καὶ νῦν ἐγενήθη κραυγὴ μεγάλη. οὐ γάρ ἐστιν οἰκία, ἐν ᾗ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν αὐτῇ τεθνη· κώς· καὶ ὤφελόν γε· πολλὰ μὲν γὰρ καὶ δεινὰ καὶ τὰ πρὸ τούτου συμβεβηκότα.
因為正如經上論到埃及人頭生的所記的，如今也照樣發生了大哀號；因為沒有一家不死一人的——但願只死一個！因為在此以先臨到我們的事，也已是又多又可怕的了。
For as it is written concerning the firstborn of the Egyptians, so also now there has come to be a great cry; for there is no house in which there is not one dead—and would that there were but one! For many and dreadful indeed were the things that befell us even before this.
22:4
πρῶτον μὲν ἡμᾶς ἤλασαν, καὶ μόνοι πρὸς ἁπάντων διωκόμενοι καὶ θανατούμενοι ἑωρτάσαμεν καὶ τότε, καὶ πᾶς ὁ τῆς καθ᾿ ἕκαστον θλίψεως τόπος πανηγυρικὸν ἡμῖν γέγονε χωρίον, ἀγρὸς, ἐρημία, ναῦς, πανδοχεῖον, δεσμωτήριον· φαιδροτάτην δὲ πασῶν ἤγαγον ἑορτὴν οἱ τέλειοι μάρτυρες εὐωχηθέντες ἐν οὐρανῷ.
起初他們把我們驅逐出去；我們雖被眾人逼迫、處死，卻仍獨自在那時守節；各人受苦之地，於我們竟都成了節期之所——田野、曠野、船上、客店、牢獄。但其中最光輝的節期，乃是那已得成全的殉道者所守的，在天上歡宴。
First they drove us out; and we alone, persecuted and put to death by all men, kept festival even then; and every place of affliction for each one became for us a festal site—field, desert, ship, inn, prison. But the most radiant feast of all was kept by the perfected martyrs, feasted in heaven.
22:5
μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα πόλεμος καὶ λιμὸς ἐπέλαβεν, ἃ τοῖς ἔθνεσι συνδιηνέγκαμεν, μόνοι μὲν ὑποστάντες ὅσα ἡμῖν ἐλυμήναντο, παραπολαύσαντες δὲ καὶ ὧν ἀλλήλους εἰργάσαντό τε καὶ πεπόνθασι· καὶ τῇ Χριστοῦ πάλιν ἐνηυφράνθημεν εἰρήνῃ, ἣν μόνοις ἡμῖν δέδωκε.
在這些事之後，又有爭戰與饑荒臨到我們，這是我們與外邦人一同擔當的；我們既獨自忍受他們所加給我們一切的損害，也分嚐了他們彼此相加、彼此所受的苦；然後我們又因基督的平安歡樂，這平安是祂單賜給我們的。
And after these things war and famine fell upon us, which we bore together with the gentiles; we alone enduring all that they did to harm us, yet also having our share of what they wrought upon and suffered from one another; and again we took joy in the peace of Christ, which He gave to us alone.
22:6
βραχυτάτης δὲ ἡμῶν τε καὶ αὐτῶν τυχόντων ἀναπνοῆς, ἐπικατέσκηψεν ἡ νόσος αὕτη, πρᾶγμα φόβου τε παντὸς φοβερώτερον ἐκείνοις, καὶ συμφορᾶς ἡστινοσοῦν σχετλιώτερον, καὶ ὡς ἴδιός τις αὐτῶν ἀπήγγειλε συγγραφεὺς, πρᾶγμα μόνον δὴ τῆς πάντων ἐλπίδος κρεῖσσον γενόμενον· ἡμῖν δὲ οὐ τοιοῦτο μὲν, γυμνάσιον δὲ καὶ δοκίμιον οὐδενὸς τῶν ἄλλων ἔλαττον. ἀπέσχετο μὲν γὰρ οὐδὲ ἡμῶν, πολλὴ δὲ ἐξῆλθεν εἰς τὰ ἔθνη.
及至我們與他們都得了極短的喘息，這疫病便橫掃而下——這在他們乃是比任何懼怕更可怕、比任何災禍更悲慘的事，並且正如他們自己的一位史家所報導的，是一件惟獨超乎眾人一切指望的事。然而於我們，卻不是這樣，乃是一場訓練與試驗，並不亞於其餘任何的事。因為它並未撇開我們不顧；只是它在外邦人中蔓延得極廣。」
And when both we and they had obtained a very brief respite, this disease swept down—a thing more fearful to them than any fear, and more wretched than any calamity whatever, and, as one of their own historians reported, a thing alone surpassing all expectation. To us, however, it was not such, but a training and a proving no less than any of the rest. For neither did it abstain from us; yet it went forth in abundance among the gentiles.”
22:7
τούτοις ἑξῆς ἐπιφέρει λέγων οἱ γοῦν πλεῖστοι τῶν ἀδελφῶν ἡμῶν δι᾿ ὑπερβάλλουσαν ἀγάπην καὶ φιλαδελφίαν ἀφειδοῦντες ἑαυτῶν καὶ ἀλλήλων ἐχόμενοι, ἐπισκοποῦντες ἀφυλάκτως τοὺς νοσοῦντας, λιπαρῶς ὑπηρετούμενοι, θεραπεύοντες ἐν Χριστῷ, συναπηλλάττοντο ἐκείνοις ἀσμενέστατα, τοῦ παρ᾿ ἑτέρων ἀναπιμπλάμενοι πάθους, καὶ τὴν νόσον ἐφ᾿ ἑαυτοὺς ἕλκοντες ἀπὸ τῶν πλησίον, καὶ ἑκόντες ἀναμασσόμενοι τὰς ἀλγηδόνας. καὶ πολλοὶ νοσοκομήσαντες καὶ ῥώσαντες ἑτέρους ἐτελεύτησαν αὐτοὶ, τὸν ἐκείνων θάνατον εἰς ἑαυτοὺς μεταστησάμενοι, καὶ τὸ δημῶδες ῥῆμα, μόνης ἀεὶ δοκεῖν φιλοφροσύνης ἔχεσθαι, ἔργῳ δὴ τότε πληροῦντες, ἀπιόντες αὐτῶν περίψημα.
他又接著說：「無論如何，我們大多數的弟兄，因著他們那超凡的愛與弟兄相愛，不顧惜自己，彼此相連，毫無自保之念地探望病人，殷勤地服事他們，在基督裡照料他們，又極其樂意地與他們一同離世——他們既被從別人身上沾染的患難充滿，又從鄰舍把疾病攬到自己身上，並甘心承當他們的痛苦。許多人在護理、扶持別人之後，自己也死了，把那些人的死轉移到自己身上；那句俗諺——向來似乎不過是客套話——他們那時竟以實際行為應驗了，作了他們的『污穢之物』離去。
To these he subjoins, saying: “At all events, the most of our brethren, through their surpassing love and brotherly affection, sparing not themselves and cleaving to one another, visited the sick without thought of self, ministered to them assiduously, tended them in Christ, and most gladly departed life together with them—being filled with the affliction caught from others, and drawing the disease upon themselves from their neighbours, and willingly taking on their pains. And many, after nursing and strengthening others, themselves died, transferring to themselves the death of those others; and the popular saying, which always seems to be but a matter of courtesy, they then fulfilled in very deed, departing as their ‘offscouring.’
22:8
οἱ γοῦν ἄριστοι τῶν παρ ἡμῖν ἀδελφῶν τοῦτον τὸν τρόπον ἐξεχώρησαν τοῦ βίου, πρεσβύτεροί τέ τινες καὶ διάκονοι καὶ τῶν ἀπὸ τοῦ λαοῦ λίαν ἐπαινούμενοι, ὡς καὶ τοῦ θανάτου τοῦτο τὸ εἶδος διὰ πολλὴν εὐσέβειαν καὶ πίστιν ἰσχυρὰν γενόμενον μηδὲν ἀποδεῖν μαρτυρίου δοκεῖν.
無論如何，我們中間最美好的弟兄，便是以這樣的方式離世——其中有些長老與執事，並民眾中極受稱讚的幾位——以致這種死法，既是出於極大的敬虔與堅強的信而成的，竟似乎與殉道毫無遜色。
At all events, the best of our brethren departed life in this manner—certain presbyters and deacons, and some of the people highly commended—so that this kind of death, brought about through great piety and strong faith, seemed to fall short in nothing of martyrdom.
22:9
καὶ τὰ σώματα δὲ τῶν ἁγίων ὑπτίαις χερσὶ καὶ κόλποις ὑπολαμβάνοντες, καθαιροῦντές τε ὀφθαλμοὺς, καὶ στόματα συγκλείοντες, ὠμοφοροῦντἐς τε καὶ διατιθέντες, προσκολλώμενοι, συμπλεκόμενοι, λουτροῖς τε τε καὶ περιστολαῖς κατακοσμοῦντες, μετὰ μικρὸν ἐτύγχανον τῶν ἴσων, ἀεὶ τῶν ὑπολειπομένων ἐφεπομένων τοῖς πρὸ αὐτῶν.
他們用張開的雙手與懷抱接過聖徒的身體，合上他們的眼，閉上他們的口，扛在肩上，加以料理，緊偎著他們，擁抱他們，用洗滌與殮衣裝飾他們；過了不久，他們自己也得了同樣的結局——那存留下來的，總是隨著那走在他們前頭的而去。
And taking up the bodies of the saints with upturned hands and bosoms, closing their eyes and shutting their mouths, bearing them on their shoulders and laying them out, clinging to them, embracing them, adorning them with washings and grave-clothes, after a little while they obtained the like themselves—those who remained ever following after those who had gone before them.
22:10
τὰ δέ γε ἔθνη πᾶν τοὐναντίον· καὶ νοσεῖν τε ἀρχομένους ἀπωθοῦντο, καὶ ἀπέφευγον τοὺς φιλτάτους, κἀν ταῖς ὁδοῖς ἐρρίπτουν ἡμιθνῆτας, καὶ νεκροὺς ἀτάφους ἀπεσκυβαλίζοντο, τὴν τοῦ θανάτου διάδοσιν καὶ κοινωνίαν ἐκτρεπόμενοι, ἣν οὐκ ἦν καὶ πολλὰ μηχανωμένοις ἐκκλῖναι ῥᾴδιον.
但外邦人所行的恰恰相反：他們把那些開始患病的人推開，逃離他們最親愛的，又把那半死的人拋在路上，並像丟棄垃圾一般，把死人棄置不葬，躲避死亡的傳播與沾染——這事縱用許多計謀，也不易躲開。
But the gentiles did just the opposite: they thrust away those beginning to fall sick, and fled from their dearest, and cast out into the roads the half-dead, and flung away the dead unburied as refuse, shunning the spread and the sharing of death—which, even with many contrivances, it was not easy to escape.
22:11
μετὰ δὲ καὶ ταύτην τὴν ἐπιστολὴν, εἰρηνευσάντων τῶν κατὰ τὴν πόλιν, τοῖς κατ Αἴγυπτον ἀδελφοῖς ἑορταστικὴν αὖθις ἐπιστέλλει γραφὴν, καὶ ἐπὶ ταύτῃ ἄλλας διαφόρους πάλιν διατυποῦται. φέρεται δέ τις αὐτοῦ καὶ περὶ σαββάτου, καὶ ἄλλη περὶ γυμνασίου.
在這封信之後，當城裡的人得了平安，他又寄了一封節期書信給埃及的弟兄，並在此之後，又寫了論到各樣題目的別信。他還有一封信存留下來，是論安息日的，另有一封是論操練的。
And after this letter too, when peace had come to those in the city, he again sends a Festal Letter to the brethren in Egypt, and after this composes still others on various subjects. And there is extant a certain letter of his also concerning the Sabbath, and another concerning exercise.
22:12
Ἑρμάμμωνι δὲ καὶ τοῖς κατ Αἴγυπτον ἀδελφοῖς δι ἐπιστολῆς ὁμιλῶν, πολλά τε ἄλλα περὶ τῆς Δεκίου καὶ τῶν μετ αὐτὸν διεξελθὼν κακοτροπίας, τῆς κατὰ τὸν Γαλλιηνὸν εἰρήνης ἐπιμιμνήσκεται.
他在藉書信與赫爾馬蒙並埃及的弟兄通信時，述說了許多別的事，論到德西烏並他以後之人的惡行之後，便題到加利恩努治下的平安。
And in communicating by letter with Hermammon and the brethren in Egypt, after recounting many other things concerning the wickedness of Decius and those after him, he makes mention of the peace under Gallienus.