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《教會史》卷四 第 16 章

希臘文原文.9 節.部分字詞可點開查義

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16:1
Κατὰ τούτους δὲ καὶ μικρῷ πρόσθεν ἡμῖν δηλωθεὶς Ἰουστῖνος, δεύτερον ὑπὲρ τῶν καθ ἡμᾶς δογμάτων βιβλίον ἀναδοὺς τοῖς δεδηλωμένοις ἄρχουσι , θείῳ κατακοσμεῖται μαρτυρίῳ, φιλοσόφου Κρίσκεντος (τὸς φερώνυμον δὲ οὑτος τῇ Κυνικῇ προσηγορίᾳ βίον τε καὶ τρόπον ἐζήλου) τὴν ἐπιβουλὴν αὐτῷ καταρτύσαντος, ἐπείπερ πλεονάκις ἐν διαλόγοις ἐπ ἀκροατῶν εὐθύνας αὐτὸν τὰ νικητήρια τελευτῶν ὑπὲρ ἡς ἐπρέσβευεν ἀληθείας διὰ τοῦ μαρτυρίου τοῦ κατ αὐτὸν ἀνεδήσατο.
在他們的時候,我們稍早所提及的猶斯丁,在向前面所說的執政者呈上第二卷為我們教義辯護的書之後,便以神聖的殉道為裝飾。那哲學家革勒先——他名為「犬儒」,便在生活與行為上效法這名號——設下陰謀害他,因為猶斯丁屢次在聽眾面前的辯論中駁倒了他;猶斯丁最終藉著為他所代表的真理而殉道,將得勝的冠冕加於己身。
In their time also Justin, whom we mentioned a little before, after delivering a second book on behalf of our doctrines to the rulers already named, was adorned with a divine martyrdom; the philosopher Crescens—who emulated in life and manner the Cynic name he bore—having contrived the plot against him, because Justin had often refuted him in debates before hearers and finally bound upon himself the crown of victory through his martyrdom for the truth of which he was an ambassador.
16:2
τοῦτο δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς ταῖς ἀληθείαις φιλοσοφώτατος ἐν τῇ δεδηλωμένῃ ἀπολογίᾳ σαφῶς οὕτως, ὥσπερ οὖν καὶ ἔμελλεν ὅσον οὔπω περὶ αὐτὸν συμβήσεσθαι, προλαβὼν ἀποσημαίνει τούτοις αὐτοῖς τοῖς ῥήμασι
這位真正最具哲人之風的人,在前面所提的那篇申辯書中,正如不久果真臨到他身上的那樣,清楚地豫先指明,用的正是這些話說:
And this very thing the man who was in truth the most philosophical of all, in the Apology already mentioned, foretells thus plainly—just as in fact it was about to happen to him before long—indicating it in these very words:
16:3
κἀγὼ οὖν προσδοκῶ ὑπό τινος τῶν ὠνομασμένων ἐπιβουλευθῆναι, κἂν ξύλῳ ἐντιναγῆναι , κἂν ὑπὸ Κρίσκεντος τοῦ ἀφιλοσόφου καὶ φιλοκόμπου. οὐ γὰρ φιλόσοφον εἰπεῖν ἄξιον τ ν ἄνδρα, ὅς γε περὶ ὧν μὴ ἐπίσταται δημοσίᾳ καταμαρτυρεῖ, ὡς ἀθέων καὶ ἀσεβῶν Χριστιανῶν ὄντων, πρὸς χάριν καὶ ἡδονὴν τῶν πολλῶν πεπλανημένως τοῦτο πράττων.
「那麼,連我也料想要被前面所提名的人之一所謀害,被綁在木架上受刑,甚或被那不愛智慧、只愛誇耀的革勒先所害。因為那人不配稱為哲學家,他竟公然就自己所不明白的事作見證,硬說基督徒是無神論者、是不敬虔的人;他這樣行,乃是為要博取那受迷惑之眾人的歡心與喜悅。」
「I too, then, expect to be plotted against by one of those who have been named, and to be racked upon the wood, or even by Crescens, that lover not of wisdom but of vainglory. For the man is not worthy to be called a philosopher, seeing that he publicly testifies concerning things he does not understand, alleging that the Christians are atheists and impious—doing this for the favour and pleasure of the deluded multitude.」
16:4
εἴτε γὰρ μὴ ἐντυχὼν τοῖς τοῦ Χριστοῦ διδάγμασι κατατρέχει ημῶν, παμπόνηρός ἐστι καὶ ἰδιωτῶν πολυ χείρων, οἳ φυλάττονται πολλάκις περὶ ὡν οὐκ ἐπι στανται διαλέγεσθαι καὶ ψευδομαρτυρεῖν, καὶ εἰ ἐν τυχὼν μὴ συνῆκε τὸ ἐν αὐτοῖς μεγαλεῖον , συνεὶς πρὸς τὸ μὴ ὑποπτευθῆναι τοιοῦτος ταῦτα ποιεῖ, πολυ μᾶλλον ἀγεννὴς καὶ παμπόνηρος, ἰδιωτικῆς καὶ ἀλο γου δόξης καὶ φόβου ἐλάττων ὤν
「因為他若未曾接觸基督的教訓便來攻擊我們,他便是極其惡劣的,比那些未受教育的人還壞得多;那些人尚且常常謹慎,不就自己所不明白的事妄加議論、作假見證。倘若他接觸過卻不明白其中的偉大,或雖明白卻為要不被疑為這樣的人而如此行,那就更為卑劣、更為極惡,因他屈服於無知而不合理的意見與懼怕之下。」
「For if he assails us without having met with the teachings of Christ, he is utterly wicked and far worse than the unlearned, who often guard themselves against discussing and bearing false witness on matters they do not understand. And if, having met with them, he has not grasped the greatness that is in them, or, having grasped it, acts thus in order not to be suspected of being such a one, he is far more ignoble and utterly wicked, being inferior to ignorant and unreasoning opinion and fear.」
16:5
καὶ γὰρ προ θέντα με καὶ ἐρωτήσαντα αὐτὸν ἐρωτήσεις τινὰς τοιαύτας μαθεῖν καὶ ἐλέγξαι, ὅτι ἀληθῶς μηδὲν ἐπίσταται, εἰδέναι ὑμὰς βούλομαι. καὶ ὅτι ἀληθῆ λέγω, εἰ μὴ ἀνηνέχθησαν ὑμῖν αἱ κοινωνίαι τῶν λόγων, ἕτοιμος καὶ ἐφ ὑμῶν κοινωνεῖν τῶν ἐρωτήσεων πάλιν· βασιλικὸν δ ἂν καὶ τοῦτο ἔργον εἴη.
「我願你們知道,我曾提出並向他發問某些這類的問題,為要查明並證實他實在一無所知。為證明我所言屬實——倘若我們辯論的記錄尚未呈到你們面前——我也預備好,甚至在你們面前再一同進行那些問答;這也將是配得皇帝親自過問的事。」
「For I would have you know that I put forward and asked him certain questions of this kind, so as to learn and to prove that he truly understands nothing. And that I speak the truth—if the records of our discussions have not been brought to you—I am ready even before you to take part again in the questioning; and this too would be a task worthy of an emperor.」
16:6
εἰ δὲ καὶ ἐγνώσθησαν ὑμῖν αἱ ἐρωτήσεις μου καὶ αἱ ἐκείνου ἀποκρίσεις, φανερὸν ὑμῖν ἐστιν ὅτι οὐδὲν τῶν ἡμετέρων ἐπίσταται · εἰ ἐπίσταται , διὰ τοὺς ἀκούονοντας δὲ οὐ τολμᾷ λέγειν, ὡς πρότερον ἔφην, οὐ φιλόσοφος , ἀλλὰ φιλόδοξος ἀνὴρ δείκνυται , ὅς γε μηδὲ τὸ Σωκρατικὸν ἀξιέραστον ὂν τιμᾷ. ταῦτα μὲν οὖν Ἰουστῖνος.
「但我的問題與他的回答若已為你們所知,你們便清楚看見他對我們的道理一無所知。或者他雖明白,卻因聽眾的緣故不敢明說,那麼正如我先前所說,他便顯為一個不愛智慧、只愛虛名的人,因他連蘇格拉底那句配得敬重的名言也不尊崇。」猶斯丁所說的就是這些。
「But if my questions and his answers are already known to you, it is plain to you that he understands nothing of our position. Or if he does understand, yet for the sake of the listeners does not dare to say so, then, as I said before, he is shown to be a man who loves not wisdom but glory, seeing that he does not even honour the saying of Socrates, worthy of love as it is.」 Thus far, then, Justin.
16:7
ὅτι δὲ κατὰ τὴν αὐτοῦ πρόρρησιν πρὸς τοῦ Κρίσκεντος συσκευασθεὶς ἐτελειώθη, Τατιανὸς ἀνὴρ τὸν πρῶτον αὐτοῦ βίον σοφιστεύσας ἐν τοῖς Ἑλλήνων μαθήμασι, καὶ δόξαν οὐ σμικρὰν ἐν αὐτοῖς ἀπενηνεγμένος, πλεῖστά τε συγγράμμασιν αὐτοῦ καταλιπὼν μνημεῖα, έν τῷ πρὸς Ἕλληνας ἱστορεῖ λέγων ὧδέ πως καὶ θαυμασιώτατος Ἰουστῖνος ὀρθῶς ἐξεφώνησεν ἐοικέναι τοὺς προειρημένους λῃσταῖς.
至於他果真照自己的豫言被革勒先所陷而在殉道中得成全,他提安便記述此事。他提安早年在希臘人的學問上原是辯士,並在其中獲得不小的名聲,且留下許多著作的紀念。他在《駁希臘人》一書中如此記述說:「那最奇妙的猶斯丁正確地宣稱,前面所說的那些人如同強盜。」
And that, according to his own prediction, he was caught by Crescens and perfected in martyrdom, Tatian—a man who in his earlier life was a sophist in the learning of the Greeks and had won no small reputation in it, and who left behind very many monuments of himself in writing—relates in his work Against the Greeks, saying somewhat thus: 「And the most marvellous Justin rightly declared that those aforesaid were like brigands.」
16:8
εἶτ ἐπειπών τινα περὶ τῶν φιλοσόφων ἐπιλέγει ταῦτα Κρίσκης γοῦν, ἐννεοττεύσας τῇ μεγάλῃ πόλει, παιδεραστίᾳ μὲν πάντας ὑπερήνεγκε, φιλαργυρίᾳ δὲ πάνυ προσεχὴς ἦν.
接著,他論及那些哲學家說了些話之後,又補充道:「至少那盤踞於大城的革勒先,在孌童的惡行上勝過眾人,又極其貪愛錢財。」
Then, having said certain things about the philosophers, he adds this: 「Crescens, at least, who nested himself in the great city, surpassed all in pederasty and was wholly given over to the love of money.」
16:9
θανάτου δὲ καταφρονεῖν συμβουλεύων οὕτως αὐτὸς ἐδεδίει τὸν θάνατον ὡς καὶ Ἰουστῖνον καθάπερ μεγάλῳ κακῷ τῷ θανάτῳ περιβαλεῖν πραγματεύσασθαι, διότι κηρύττων τὴν ἀλήθειαν λίχνους τοὺς φιλοσόφους καὶ ἀπατεῶνας ἐξήλεγχεν. καὶ τὸ μὲν κατὰ Ιουστῖνον μαρτύριον τοιαύτην εἴληχε τὴν αἰτίαν.
「這勸人輕看死亡的人,自己卻如此懼怕死亡,竟設法要使猶斯丁陷於死地,視死如大禍臨於他;因為猶斯丁傳揚真理,揭發那些哲學家是貪饕之徒和欺騙者。」猶斯丁殉道的緣由便是如此。
「And he who counselled others to despise death himself so feared death that he contrived to involve Justin in death as in a great evil, because Justin, by preaching the truth, convicted the philosophers of being gluttons and deceivers.」 Such, then, was the cause that the martyrdom of Justin obtained.
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