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生平·會規與作品 第 21 章

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21:1
Videte vocationem vestram, fratres charissimi; Venire quidem ad eremum, summa perfectio est; non perfecte in eremo vivere, summa damnatio est. Quid prodest si in loco quies teneatur, et inquietudo in corde versetur? Si in habitatione silentium sit, et in habitatoribus vitiorum sit tumultus, et colluctatio passionum, si exteriora nostra ser. nitas teneat, et interiora nostra tempestas? Solemos annos nostros et spatia temporum quibus nunc vivimus supputare: non te fallat, quicunque ille es, numerus dierum quos hic relicto corporaliter sæculo consumpsisti. Illum tantum diem vixisse te computa in quo voluntates proprias abnegasti, quem sine ulla regulæ transgressione duxisti.
親愛的弟兄們,要看清你們的蒙召。來到曠野固然是至高的完全;在曠野中不完全地度日,卻是至極的定罪。若在地方上保持安靜,心中卻翻騰不安,這有什麼益處呢?若住處有靜默,住在其中的人裡面卻有惡習的喧嚷、情慾的角力;若平靜掌管我們的外在,而風暴掌管我們的內在,這又有什麼益處呢?我們慣常計算我們的歲數,和我們如今所度的時光;然而無論你是誰,不要被你在此撇下肉身之世界所度過的日子數目所欺哄。你要算為活過的,只有那一天,就是你否認自己私意、毫不違犯會規所度過的日子。
See your calling, dearly beloved brethren. To come to the desert is indeed the highest perfection; not to live perfectly in the desert is the highest condemnation. What does it profit if quiet be kept in the place, and disquiet be turned about in the heart? If there be silence in the dwelling, and in the dwellers a tumult of vices and a wrestling of passions; if outward calm hold our exterior, and a tempest our interior? We are wont to reckon up our years and the spans of time in which we now live: let not the number of days deceive you, whoever you are, which you have here spent, having forsaken the world bodily. Count that you have lived only that day on which you denied your own wills, which you passed without any transgression of the rule.
21:2
Illum tantum diem vixisse te computa in quo voluntates proprias abnegasti, in quo desideriis restitisti, quem sine ulla regulæ transgressione duxisti. Illum diem vixisse te computa quem non malilia, non invidia, non superbia contaminavit, quem non mendacii, non perjurii culpa respersit. Illum diem vixisse te computa qui patitatis et sinctæ meditationis b abuit lucem, quem non c nversatio tenebrosa mutavit in noctem. Illum, inquam, diem applica nd vitam tuam, cujus lucrum venit ad animam tuam. Solemus etiam nobis dr corporalinm vigiliarum assiduitate blandiri, qui post vigilias, ac forte de ipsis vigiliis, ad obtrectationes, ad verbositates, ad murmurationes egredimur.
你要算為活過的,只有那一天,就是你否認自己私意、抵擋自己私慾、毫不違犯會規所度過的日子。你要算為活過的,是那沒有被惡毒、沒有被嫉妒、沒有被驕傲所玷污的日子,是那沒有被謊言或假誓之罪所沾染的日子。你要算為活過的,是那有純潔與聖潔默想之光的日子,是那沒有被黑暗的生活方式變為黑夜的日子。我說,你只當把那使你靈魂得益的日子歸入你的生命。我們也慣於以身體守夜的殷勤自我陶醉——我們這些人,守夜之後、甚至就從守夜出來,便去毀謗、去多言、去發怨言。
Count that you have lived only that day on which you denied your own wills, on which you resisted your desires, which you passed without any transgression of the rule. Count that you have lived that day which no malice, no envy, no pride defiled, which no fault of lying or perjury bespattered. Count that you have lived that day which had the light of purity and holy meditation, which no dark manner of life changed into night. That day, I say, apply to your life whose gain comes to your soul. We are wont also to flatter ourselves with the assiduity of bodily vigils—we who, after the vigils, and perhaps from the very vigils, go forth to detractions, to wordy chatter, to murmurings.
21:3
Nam qui se de choro psallentium ad comessaiiones inbonestas potationesque furtivas, non damnabili transgressione, sed abominabili ut litate subducit, multo esset levius, si sobrietate [ebriolentio] dominante dormireL Et ille qui jejunans onerat m et praegravatum pectus iracundiae vel indignationis districtione circumfert, quia vino se abstinet, et in sensibus virus arnarum amarisiimae discordiæ ebrietate turbatur; qui, inquam, exteriori et salat fera poculorum parcitate se macerat, et interiora ejus mortifcrum virus odiorum cructant, nonne in se propheticas voces dirigi, jam etiam in præsenti v ta prædamnatus, inlelligit: Non tale jejunium clegi, dicit Dominus (Isai. LVIII). Vel illud:
因為那從歌詠聖詩的班列中抽身去參與可恥的宴樂與私下暢飲的人——不是憑著該受咒詛的違犯,而是憑著一種可憎的「有益」——他若是被醉酒所勝而睡去,反倒還輕省得多。還有那禁食的人,因戒了酒,卻在忿怒或惱恨的嚴厲中,帶著一顆負重壓迫的胸膛四處走動,其官感被苦毒、被那最苦之不和的醉狂所攪擾;我說,這人外面以有益的節制杯中之物來苦待自己,裡面卻噴吐出仇恨那致命的毒液——他豈不明白,先知的話正是指向他自己,他甚至在今生就已被預先定罪:主說「這不是我所揀選的禁食」(賽五十八)?或是那另一句話:
For he who withdraws himself from the choir of psalm-singers to shameful revels and furtive drinkings—not by a damnable transgression, but by an abominable usefulness—it would be far lighter for him if he slept with drunkenness prevailing. And he who, while fasting, carries about a burdened and overladen breast in the strictness of wrath or indignation, because he abstains from wine, and yet in his senses is troubled by the bitter poison, by the drunkenness of most bitter discord; he, I say, who macerates himself outwardly by a wholesome sparingness of cups, while his inward parts belch forth the deadly poison of hatreds—does he not understand that the prophetic voices are aimed at himself, being already even in this present life foredoomed: Not such a fast have I chosen, says the Lord (Isai. LVIII)? Or that other word:
21:4
Ex vinca enim Sodomorum vinum coram, et vites corum ex Gomorrha; uva eorum uva fellis, et botrus amaritudinis in ipsis (Deut. XXXII). Ita antem interdum diabolus cum advertit animam fide vacuam et Dei timore nudatam, ita diversis passionibus inebriat mentem, ut quando maledicimus, aut irascimur, aut obtrectamus, qunndo hæc agimus, aliis nos nocere non nobis credamns. Sed non ita est. Nam uniuscujusque vitii malum in suum recurrit auctorem, sicut dicit sermo divinus: Fili, si malus fueris, solus hauries mala tua. Suam linguam maliloquus maculat, suum cur obtrecrator exulcerat, suæ mentis lumen iracundus obcæcal, suam invidus animam velut tinea corrumpi!.
因為他們的葡萄樹是所多瑪的葡萄樹,他們的葡萄園出於蛾摩拉;他們的葡萄是苦膽的葡萄,其中有苦毒的果串(申三十二)。所以有時魔鬼一察覺一個靈魂空乏信德、赤裸無神的敬畏,就以種種情慾灌醉其心思,以致當我們咒罵、發怒或毀謗時——當我們行這些事時——我們以為是害了別人,而非害了自己。其實不然。因為各樣惡習的害處都回到那行惡者自己身上,正如神的話所說:「兒啊,你若行惡,只有你自己嘗你惡果。」讒謗者玷污自己的舌頭,毀謗者潰爛自己的心,忿怒的人蒙蔽自己心思的光,嫉妒的人如蟲蛀壞自己的靈魂。
For their vine is of the vine of Sodom, and their vines are of Gomorrah; their grape is a grape of gall, and a cluster of bitterness is in them (Deut. XXXII). So too sometimes the devil, when he perceives a soul empty of faith and stripped of the fear of God, so intoxicates the mind with diverse passions that when we curse, or grow angry, or detract—when we do these things—we believe that we harm others and not ourselves. But it is not so. For the evil of each vice recoils upon its own author, as the divine word says: Son, if you be evil, you alone shall drain your evils. The slanderer stains his own tongue, the detractor ulcerates his own heart, the wrathful man blinds the light of his own mind, the envious man corrupts his own soul as a moth.
21:5
Et sicut exulceratis parentibus nascuntur vipera, sicut, inquam, nasci vipcrei fetus diruptis matris [al. matrum] visceribus asseruntur, i a humana præcordia ipsis primitus quas conceperint passionibus dilacerantur. Illa (inquam) praecordia, de quibus vitiorum generatio serpentina profertur, ipsa primitus monstruosa partus fecunditate violantur. De tali partu dicit sermo divinus: Ecce parturiit injustitiam, concepit dolorem, et peperit iniqnitatem. Convertetur dolor ejus in caput ejus, et in verticem ipsius iniquitas ejus descendet (Psal. VII).
正如蝮蛇是從潰爛的親體所生——我說,正如據稱蝮蛇的幼子乃是撕裂母腹而生——照樣,人心也被自己首先所懷的情慾撕裂。我說,那些從中產出蛇類惡習之後裔的心,其本身先被那怪異多產的後代所毀傷。論到這樣的生育,神的話說:「看哪,他孕育了不義,懷了愁苦,生出了罪孽。他的愁苦必歸到自己頭上,他的罪孽必落到他自己的頭頂」(詩七)。
And just as vipers are born from ulcerated parents—just as, I say, the viper's brood is said to be born by the bursting of the mother's vitals—so human hearts are torn asunder by the very passions which they first conceived. Those hearts, I say, from which the serpentine generation of vices is brought forth, are themselves first violated by the monstrous fecundity of their offspring. Of such a birth the divine word says: Behold, he has brought forth injustice, he has conceived sorrow, and has borne iniquity. His sorrow shall be turned upon his own head, and his iniquity shall descend upon the crown of his own head (Ps. VII).
21:6
His itaque a nostra ut pote circa vos ferventi charitate, quæ pro aliquorum negligentiis longo cruciabatur dolore, praemissis, et ex aliquo exoneratis pectoris aestibus, præcipimus, admonemus, atque etiam vos pro vobis (si tamen affectum præcipientis audire non dedignemini) obsecramus, ut de reliquo corrigatis mores, negligentias emendetis, ne ad vos postmodum non cum lingua ac sermonis virga, sed cum his verberibus quæ obdurata deposcunt corda veniamus. Elaborate, fratres charissiani, ut deinceps inter vos contentione laudabili ac meliori tandem æmulatione certetis.
因此,我們既已說了這些話——出於對你們熾熱的愛,這愛因某些人的疏忽而長久被憂傷所苦——並在某種程度上卸下了胸中翻騰的情懷,我們就吩咐、勸戒,並且更為著你們自己的緣故懇求你們(只要你們不輕看聽從一位吩咐者的情意),叫你們從此改正行為、修正疏忽,免得我們日後臨到你們,不是帶著舌頭與言語的杖,而是帶著那些頑硬的心所該受的鞭打。親愛的弟兄們,要努力,叫你們此後在可稱讚的競賽中、在更佳的效法上彼此角力。
Having therefore set forth these things—from a charity fervent toward you, which was long tormented with grief over the negligences of some—and having in some measure unburdened the seething of our breast, we charge, we admonish, and moreover we entreat you for your own sakes (if only you do not disdain to hear the affection of one who charges you), that henceforth you correct your ways and amend your negligences, lest we come to you afterward not with the tongue and the rod of speech, but with those stripes which hardened hearts demand. Labour, dearly beloved brethren, that henceforth you may contend among yourselves in praiseworthy rivalry and in a better emulation at last.
21:7
Unusquisque vestrum in opere Dei stdeat esse proruptior, iu oratione frequentior, in lectione sollicitior, in castitate sit purior, in sobrietate sii parcior, in lacrymarum largitate profusior, in corpore honestior, in corde sincerior, in ira mitior, in mansueludinc moderatior, in risu rarior, in compunctione ferventior, in gravitate fundatior, in charitate jucundior. Et ideo nosmetipsos castigemus, quotidie ipsi nobiscum rationem de quolidiana conversatione faciamus. alloquatur se in secreto cordis unaquæque anima, et dicat: Videam si hanc dicm sine peccato, sine invidi a, sine obtrectatione ac murmuratione transegi.
你們各人當竭力在神的工作上更加奮進,在禱告上更加勤密,在誦讀上更加殷勤,在貞潔上更加純淨,在節制上更加儉約,在流淚上更加豐沛,在身體上更加端莊,在內心上更加真誠,在怒氣上更加溫和,在柔和上更加有節,在嬉笑上更加稀少,在痛悔上更加熱切,在莊重上更加穩固,在愛德上更加可愛。因此,讓我們責備自己,天天與自己一同為每日的操行算帳。願各人的靈魂在心的隱密處與自己交談,說:讓我省察,我這一天是否毫無罪、毫無嫉妒、毫無毀謗與怨言地度過。
Let each one of you strive to be more forward in the work of God, more frequent in prayer, more careful in reading, purer in chastity, more sparing in sobriety, more lavish in the abundance of tears, more decorous in body, more sincere in heart, gentler in anger, more moderate in meekness, more rare in laughter, more fervent in compunction, more grounded in gravity, more delightful in charity. And therefore let us chastise our very selves, and daily render an account with ourselves concerning our daily conduct. Let each soul address itself in the secret of the heart, and say: Let me see whether I have passed this day without sin, without envy, without detraction and murmuring.
21:8
Videam si hodie aliquid quod ad profectum meum, quod ad xdificationem aliorum pertinet, operatus sum. Putoquod hodie illum insipienter destruxi, hodie seniori meo inobediens fui, mentitus sum, perjuravi; ira vel guta victus sum. Plus hodic risi, plus c.bo ac potu, plusotio ac somno quam decebat indulsi. Minus legi, minus oravi quam debui. Quis mihi reddat hunc diem, quem in vallis fabulis perdidi? Ac sic, fratres, de omnibus negligentais nostris compungamur in cabilibus; id est in cordibus nostris. Si ita egeritis, nos quidem de profectu vestro lætificabimur. sed vos de acquisita salute gaudebitis. Nos vobis pro salutis vestræ acquisitione subdetis.
讓我省察,今天我是否作了什麼有益於自己長進、有益於造就他人的事。我想,今天我愚昧地拆毀了那人;今天我對我的長者不順從,我說了謊,我起了假誓;我被忿怒或貪食所勝。今天我笑得比合宜的多,在飲食、在懶散與睡眠上放縱得比合宜的多。我誦讀得比當有的少,禱告得比當有的少。誰能把我這在空談中失去的一天還給我呢?弟兄們,我們如此當為自己一切的疏忽,在當有之處——就是在我們心中——被痛悔所刺痛。你們若這樣行,我們固然要因你們的長進而歡喜,你們卻要因所贏得的救恩而歡喜。我們為著贏得你們的救恩,甘願服事你們。
Let me see whether today I have wrought anything that pertains to my own progress, that pertains to the edification of others. I think that today I foolishly tore that man down; today I was disobedient to my elder, I lied, I forswore myself; I was overcome by anger or gluttony. Today I laughed more, indulged more in food and drink, more in idleness and sleep than was fitting. I read less, I prayed less than I ought. Who shall restore to me this day, which I have lost in empty tales? And thus, brethren, over all our negligences let us be pricked with compunction in what is fitting—that is, in our hearts. If you do so, we indeed shall rejoice over your progress, but you shall rejoice over the salvation you have won. We shall be subject to you for the winning of your salvation.
21:9
Docet autem illius qui potens est pietas ut ita de sermone nostro proficiatis, ut nos vicissim vestris meritis adjuvetis, nohisque sitis et in præsenti sæculo ornamentum, et in. futuro præsidium. Adjuvante Domino nostro Jesu Christo, qui cum Patre et Spiritu sancto vivit et rcgnat Deus per infinita saecula sx. ulorum. Amen.
願那位大能者的慈愛教導你們如此從我們的講論中得益,使你們也以你們的功德回頭幫助我們,並在今世作我們的裝飾,在來世作我們的護衛。願我們的主耶穌基督幫助我們,祂與父並聖靈同為神,活著並掌權,直到無窮的萬世萬代。阿們。
May the loving-kindness of Him who is mighty teach you so to profit from our discourse, that you in turn may aid us by your merits, and be to us both an ornament in the present world and a defence in the world to come. Our Lord Jesus Christ helping us, who with the Father and the Holy Spirit lives and reigns as God through the infinite ages of ages. Amen.
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