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Caesarius of Arles

Life, Rule & Works 17

Latin original · 13 verses · some words can be tapped for a gloss

← ch. 16ch. 18 →
17:1
Sicut a nobis Dominus, pro suscepti officii necessitate loquendi deposcit officium, ita a vobis, charissimi, audiendi requirit affectum. Ita (inquam) cbaritali vestræ expedit, his quae pro salute vestra dicimus obedire, sicut nobis imminet non tacere. Nam si nos offensam metuimus de silentio, quanto magis vos eam debetis expavescere de contemptu? Si, inquam, nobis grande pcriculum est, aliena peccata non arguere, quanto periculosius cst propria nolle corrigere? Ait quodam loco beatus Apostolus: Videte vocationem vestram, fratres (1 Cor. I). Quapropter, dilectissimi, et nos videamus vocationem nostram.
Just as the Lord, by the necessity of the office we have undertaken, demands of us the duty of speaking, so also He requires of you, dearly beloved, the disposition of hearing. It is (I say) to your charity's advantage to obey the things we say for your salvation, just as it lies upon us not to be silent. For if we fear offence from silence, how much more ought you to dread it from contempt? If, I say, it is a grave peril for us not to reprove the sins of others, how much more perilous is it to be unwilling to correct one's own? The blessed Apostle says in a certain place: 'See your calling, brethren' (1 Cor. 1). Wherefore, most beloved, let us too see our calling.
正如主因我們所承擔的職分之必要,向我們要求講道的責任,照樣,至親愛的,祂也向你們要求聆聽的心志。我說,順從我們為你們的救恩所講的話,對你們的愛德有益,正如不緘默是我們的本分。因為若我們懼怕因緘默而冒犯,你們豈不更當因輕忽而戰兢嗎?我說,若我們不責備別人的罪是嚴重的危險,那麼不願改正自己的罪豈不更危險嗎?蒙福的使徒在某處說:「弟兄們哪,你們要看自己蒙的召」(哥林多前書一章)。所以,至親愛的,讓我們也看自己蒙的召。
17:2
Non enimsatis prodest, quod istum locum expetivimus, si tales sumus quales in saeculo esse potuimus. Si enim bene perspicimus, non solum ista sollicitudo nos ad perfectionis necessitatem, sed etiam ipsa congregationis multitudo constringit. Nam sicut prctiosum atque præcipuum est, in medio multorum positum bene agerc, et plurimos ad profectum boni operis incitare, ita periculosum atquc pernic iosuan est negligentius agendo multorum fidem frangere, multorumque animas depravare. Sicut, inquam, fructuosum est in medio multorum positum, probabiliter vivere, ita periculosum est aliquid destructionis egisse. Hoc autem quare dico?
For it does not profit enough that we have sought out this place, if we are such as we could have been in the world. For if we look well, not only does this solicitude constrain us to the necessity of perfection, but the very multitude of the congregation binds us. For just as it is precious and excellent, when placed in the midst of many, to act well and to incite very many to the advancement of good work, so it is perilous and pernicious, by acting more negligently, to break the faith of many and to corrupt the souls of many. Just as, I say, it is fruitful, when placed in the midst of many, to live commendably, so it is perilous to have done anything of destruction. But why do I say this?
因為我們尋得了這地方並不足夠有益,倘若我們仍是那在世上時所能成為的樣子。因為我們若看得清楚,不僅這份謹慎迫使我們負起追求完全的必要,就連會眾的眾多本身也約束我們。因為正如置身眾人之中而行善、並激勵眾人在善工上長進,是寶貴而卓越的,照樣,因行事較為疏忽而破壞眾人的信德、敗壞眾人的靈魂,則是危險而致命的。我說,正如置身眾人之中而過可稱許的生活是有果效的,照樣行任何具毀壞性的事則是危險的。但我為何說這話呢?
17:3
quia quod pcjus est facilius invenimus, et ca quæ sunt dcteriora quam quæ meliora sectamur. Prona enim est ad imitationem mali humana fragilitas. Quapropter non nobis sufficere credamus, quod nos in hanc insulam [in hac schola] cernimns congregatos, quia vehementius in nobis negligentias nostras professa perfectio, quam nec assumpta condemnat. Quia secundum Scripturæ tidem, quibus multum commiuilur, multum necesse cst ut repetatur ab eis. 0 quantis proderit, et quantis econtrario oberit, loci hujus opportunitas et congruæ habitationis occasio! Non enim in hoc loco bene dixisse laudandum est, sed in hoc loco bene fecisse.
Because we more easily find what is worse, and we pursue the things that are baser rather than those that are better. For human frailty is prone to the imitation of evil. Wherefore let us not believe it sufficient for us that we perceive ourselves gathered onto this island (in this school), because the perfection we have professed the more vehemently condemns our negligences—which it condemns even in those who have not taken it up. For, according to the faith of Scripture, of those to whom much is entrusted, much needs to be required. O to how many the opportuneness of this place and the occasion of a fitting dwelling will profit, and to how many, on the contrary, it will harm! For in this place it is not to have spoken well that is praiseworthy, but to have acted well in this place.
因為我們更容易找到那更壞的,且追隨那較卑劣的,勝過那較美好的。因為人的軟弱傾向於效法惡。所以,我們不要認為僅僅看見自己聚集在這島上(在這學校中)便已足夠,因為我們所宣認的完全,更嚴厲地定我們疏忽的罪——這疏忽的罪,即使在未曾承擔此完全的人身上,它也定罪。因為按聖經的信實,多託付誰,就必多向誰追討。啊,這地方的良機與合宜居所的機緣,將使何等多的人得益,反過來也將使何等多的人受害!因為在此地,可稱許的並非說得好,乃是在此地行得好。
17:4
Rursum aspice, nunquid nobis habitationis hujus secretum aliquid prodest, quando tyrannico dominatu malitia in nobis regnat? quando ira superequitat ? quando majorem nobis metum humanus oculus quam divinus inducit? quando laudabitis vitae extra mundum nos esse credimus et per a diversarum passionum vitia mundum intra nos inclusum tenemus? Ita ut qui putabamus nos precibus nostris sæculo ipsi succurrere, pene necesse sit ut videamus nos magis sæculi interccssionibus indigcre. Dubium quippe non est quod illa anima quæ concupiscentia [per concupiscentiam] sæcularium voluptatum possessio efficitur mundanæ conversationis, non possit eftic: regnum I divinitatis.
Look again: does the seclusion of this dwelling profit us anything at all, when malice reigns in us with a tyrannical dominion? when anger rides over us? when the human eye instills in us greater fear than the divine? when we believe ourselves to be outside the world in a praiseworthy life, yet through the vices of diverse passions hold the world shut up within us? So that we who thought we were succouring the world itself by our prayers, may almost of necessity find that we rather stand in need of the world's intercessions. For there is no doubt that the soul which by the concupiscence of worldly pleasures becomes the possession of a worldly manner of life cannot be made the kingdom of the Godhead.
再看:當惡意以暴君般的統治在我們裡面掌權時,這居所的隱僻對我們還有何益處呢?當忿怒騎馭我們時?當人的眼目在我們心中激起比神更大的懼怕時?當我們自信在一個可稱許的生活中身處世界之外,卻藉著各種情慾的敗壞,將世界封閉在我們裡面時?以致我們這些自以為藉禱告救助世界的人,幾乎必然發現我們反倒更需要世界的代求。因為毫無疑問,那藉著對屬世宴樂的貪慾而淪為屬世生活之俘虜的靈魂,斷不能成為神性的國度。
17:5
Ideo, fratres, videte vocationem vestram. Venire quidem ad eremum, summa perfectio est, sed non perfecte in cremo vivere, summa damnatio est. Quid prodest, si locus quietus tantum corporaliter teneatur, et inquietudo in corde servetur [versetur]? Quid, inquam, prodest, si inhabitatione silentium sit, et in habitatoribus viliorum sit tumultus et colluctatio passionum? Si exteriora nostra serenitas teneat: et interiora, tempestas? Non enim ideo ad istum locum convenimus, ut nobis mundus famularetur, ut rcbus omnibus abundanter [abundantes] omni quiete frucremur.
Therefore, brethren, see your calling. To come to the desert is indeed the highest perfection, but not to live perfectly in the desert is the highest damnation. What does it profit if a quiet place is held only bodily, while unquiet is kept in the heart? What, I say, does it profit, if in the dwelling there is silence, but in the dwellers there is a tumult of vices and a wrestling of passions? If our outward parts hold serenity, but our inward parts a tempest? For we did not come together to this place that the world might wait upon us, that abounding in all things we might enjoy all repose.
所以,弟兄們,要看自己蒙的召。來到曠野固然是最高的完全,但不在曠野中活得完全卻是最深的定罪。若僅在身體上據守一個寧靜之地,而心中卻存留不安,這有何益處呢?我說,若在居所中有靜默,而在居住者裡面卻有惡習的騷動與情慾的爭戰,這有何益處呢?若我們的外在持守寧靜,內在卻是暴風雨?因為我們聚集到這地方,並非為要世界服事我們,並非為要我們豐足諸物而享受一切安逸。
17:6
Non utique ad requiem nec ad securitatem, sed ad pugnam huc venimus, ad agonem processimus, ad exercenda cum vitiis bella properavimus, ut linguae gladios retundamus, ut non solum invicem non inferamus injurias, sed nec sentiamus illatas. Peculiariusautem istud ad professionem nostram pertinet, nihil in hac vita consolationis requirere, nihil quietis, nec velle recipere bona in vita sua, sed honores fugere, subjectione atque abjectione gaudere, paupertatis studium quaerere, et non solum facultates, sed etiam ipsas cupiditates de cordibus eradicare. Nihil enim habere interdum res necessitatis est, nihil per avaritiam cupere virtutis.
Certainly not for rest nor for security, but for battle have we come hither; to the contest we have advanced, to wage wars with the vices we have hastened; that we may blunt the swords of the tongue, that we may not only not inflict injuries upon one another, but not even feel those inflicted. This belongs especially to our profession: to seek in this life nothing of consolation, nothing of rest, nor to wish to receive good things in one's lifetime, but to flee honours, to rejoice in subjection and abjection, to seek the pursuit of poverty, and to root out of our hearts not only possessions but even the desires themselves. For to have nothing is sometimes a matter of necessity; to desire nothing through avarice is a matter of virtue.
我們來到這裡,斷不是為了安歇,也不是為了安穩,乃是為了爭戰;我們挺進,是為了較量;我們趕來,是為了與惡習交戰;好使我們鈍化舌頭的刀劍,使我們不僅彼此不加傷害,甚至連別人所加的傷害也不覺得。這尤其屬於我們的志業:在今生不尋求任何安慰、任何安歇,也不願在有生之年得享福樂,反倒逃避尊榮,以順服和卑微為樂,追求貧窮的操練,並且不僅從心中根除財物,甚至連貪慾本身也一併根除。因為一無所有有時是出於必需;而不因貪婪而有所貪求,則是德行。
17:7
Et ideo hunc sibi specialiter modum religiosus ponere debet, ut tantum habeat quantum necessitas poscit, non quantum cupiditas concupiscit. Habendi enim amor, nisi ad integrum resccetur, ardentior est insparvis, et plus torquentur in minimis. Et nisi ex toto corde et affectu pauper sis, paupertas ipsa non virtus, sed miscria judicanda est. Noveritis itaquc, fratres nihil prodesse si carnem noslram jejum is ac vigiliis affigimus [maceremus], et mentem nostram non emendemus; aut quæ interiora sunt, non curemus. Quid cuiun prodest affiictio corporalis, si lingnarn ncquitiis et obtrectationibus polluamus? Nonne omnes labores nostri ad nihilum rediguntur?
And therefore the religious man ought especially to set himself this measure: to have only as much as necessity demands, not as much as desire covets. For the love of having, unless it be cut back to the whole, is more burning in small things, and men are more tormented in the least things. And unless you are poor with your whole heart and affection, poverty itself is to be judged not a virtue but a misery. Know therefore, brethren, that it profits nothing if we afflict (mortify) our flesh with fasts and vigils, and do not amend our mind, or do not care for the things that are within. For what does bodily affliction profit, if we pollute the tongue with wickedness and detractions? Are not all our labours reduced to nothing?
所以,屬靈的人尤其當為自己定下這樣的準則:只擁有需用所要求的,而非貪慾所覬覦的。因為擁有之愛,除非被徹底斬斷,便在小事上燒得更旺,人在最微小的事上反被折磨得更甚。你若不是全心全情地貧窮,那貧窮本身就當被判定不是德行,乃是悲慘。所以弟兄們,你們要知道:我們若以禁食和守夜苦待(克制)我們的肉體,卻不改正我們的心思,或不顧念那內在之事,便毫無益處。因為若我們以惡毒和毀謗玷污了舌頭,肉體的苦待有何益處呢?我們一切的勞苦豈不都歸於烏有嗎?
17:8
Nonne omne opus nostrum, velut fumus atque umbra evanescit, et vclut stupæ favilla in nihilum redigitur? 0 quanti, et quam d uturni labores nostri subito pereunt, ct quanta bona frequenter, ham acquisita ac reposita, de manu rapiuntur, dum id quod quærere studuimus, aut augcre, aut custodire negligimus! Quapropter gratis nobis de corporis cruce, et pectoris afflictione blandimur, si exterior homo noster sanctis laboribus exercetur, et passionibus non curatur interior. Sic est, quomudo si aliquis statuam faciat a foris auream, vel quomodo si domus magnifica arte constructa, a foris pulcherrimis coloribus depicta videatur, et ab intus serpentibus et scorpionibus plena sit.
Does not all our work vanish like smoke and shadow, and like the spark of tow is reduced to nothing? O how many and how long-lasting labours of ours suddenly perish, and how great goods, often already acquired and stored up, are snatched from our hand, while we neglect to seek, or to increase, or to guard that which we had striven to seek! Wherefore we flatter ourselves in vain about the cross of the body and the affliction of the breast, if our outer man is exercised with holy labours, yet the inner is not cared for in its passions. It is just as if someone should make a statue golden on the outside, or as if a house magnificently built by art and painted on the outside with most beautiful colours should appear fair, yet within be full of serpents and scorpions.
我們一切的工作豈不像煙霧與陰影般消散,又像麻屑的火星化為烏有嗎?啊,我們何等多、何等長久的勞苦忽然消滅,而何等大的財富——往往已經獲得並收藏起來——竟從我們手中被奪去,只因我們忽略了去尋求、增添、或看守那我們曾竭力尋求之物!所以,我們若外在的人被聖潔的勞苦所操練,內在的人卻不在其情慾上受照管,我們便是徒然以身體的十字架與胸懷的苦楚自我安慰。這就好像有人造一座外面鍍金的像,又好像一座精巧建成、外面塗以最美色彩、看似華麗的房屋,裡面卻滿是蛇和蠍子。
17:9
Quid prodest quod affligis corpus tuum, quando nihil profuit cor tuum? Valde dura et nimis dolenda conditio cst, omni intentione studium laboris impendere, et fructum non recipere post laborem. Jejunare et vi. gilare, et mores non corrigere, sic est, quomodo si aliquis extra vinem exstirpet aut colat, et vinearn ipsam descrtam et incultam dimittat, ut spinas ac tribulo germinet, quæ insistente cultore jucundidsimos ex se fructus potuisset proferre. Agnoscite itaque, fratres charissimi, quod ad salutem perpetuam conquirendam abstinentia corporalis sola non sufficit, nisi et animæ quoque jejunium per abstinentiam vitiorum fuerit sociatum.
What does it profit that you afflict your body, when your heart has profited nothing? It is a very hard and most lamentable condition to expend the labour of one's zeal with all intention, and to receive no fruit after the labour. To fast and to keep vigil, and not to correct one's morals, is just as if someone should grub up or cultivate outside the vineyard, yet leave the vineyard itself deserted and untilled, so that it puts forth thorns and thistles—the vineyard which, had the cultivator been diligent, could have brought forth from itself most pleasant fruits. Acknowledge therefore, most beloved brethren, that for the acquiring of perpetual salvation bodily abstinence alone does not suffice, unless the fasting of the soul also, through abstinence from vices, be joined to it.
你苦待自己的身體有何益處,若你的心毫無長進?以全副心志耗費勞苦的辛勤,勞苦之後卻不得果子,這是極艱難且最可悲的境況。禁食、守夜,卻不改正自己的品行,就好像有人在葡萄園外挖掘或耕種,卻任由葡萄園本身荒廢無人耕作,以致長出荊棘和蒺藜——這園子本可在勤勞的園丁手下結出最甘美的果子。所以,至親愛的弟兄們,你們要認識:要獲得永遠的救恩,單有身體的節制並不足夠,除非靈魂的禁食,即藉著戒絕惡習的節制,也一同與之相連。
17:10
Quid enim juvat, si sit quispiam corpore castus, et mente pollutus, quem malitia depravat, quem furor iracundiæ facibus exagitat, quem superbia omni gratia Dei exspoliat, quem mendaciis vel maledictis lingua commaculat? Nonne ipse se fallit; nonne ipse se irridet ac decipit, si credat se sine reliquis virtutibus, suis jejuniis ac vigiliis sanctificandum ? Et idcirco, dilectissimi, ita corpus exerceamus jejuniis, ut mentem purgemus a vitiis. Cogitemus illius judicis incessanter adventum, qui utinam sic nos paratos inveniat, quomodo nemo potest dubitare quod veniat [ quod veniet]! Quod si requiras quomodo veniet:
For what does it avail if someone be chaste in body yet defiled in mind—whom malice depraves, whom the fury of wrath drives on with its firebrands, whom pride strips of every grace of God, whom the tongue stains with lies or curses? Does he not deceive himself? Does he not mock and beguile himself, if he believes that he can be sanctified by his own fasts and vigils without the remaining virtues? And therefore, dearly beloved, let us so exercise the body with fasts that we may purge the mind of vices. Let us unceasingly ponder the coming of that Judge, who—would that He may find us so prepared, as no one can doubt that He will come! But if you should ask how He will come:
因為若有人身體貞潔而心思污穢,這有何益處呢?他被惡意所敗壞,被忿怒的烈火所驅使,被驕傲剝奪了神一切的恩典,被舌頭以謊言或咒詛所玷污。他豈不是欺騙自己嗎?他若相信自己沒有其餘的美德,僅憑禁食和守夜便能成聖,他豈不是譏笑並誆騙自己嗎?所以,至親愛的,讓我們如此以禁食操練身體,好潔淨心思脫離惡習。讓我們不住地思念那審判者的來臨——但願祂來時發現我們如此有所預備,正如無人能懷疑祂必要來一樣!但你若要問祂將如何來臨:
17:11
in illo utique corpore quod pro nostra salute susceptum, pro nostra ahsolutione natum [damnatum], et pro nostrorum vulnerum medicina lancea clavisque confixum est. Prima enim erit in reos intoleranda sententia, reverendarum præsentia cicatricum. Quid igitur illo tempore facturi sumus, quando contra illius [illos] crucifixi Domini livores, notre peccatorum nostrorum et maculae libidinum proferentur? Aut quo putas vultu respiciet redemptio nostra pcrditionem nostram? Tanto graviora erunt humana delicta, quanto majora se ostenderint divina beneficia. Verendum est autem ne illam vocem resurrectionis pretiosæ crucis vestigia protestantem, etiam in judicio suo ad vasa iniquitatis prolaturus sit:
He will come in that very body which was taken up for our salvation, born for our absolution, and pierced with lance and nails for the healing of our wounds. For the first thing against the guilty will be an intolerable sentence: the presence of those venerable scars. What then shall we do at that time, when against the bruises of that crucified Lord the marks of our sins and the stains of our lusts shall be brought forth? Or with what countenance, do you think, will our Redemption look upon our perdition? Human offences will be all the graver, the greater the divine benefits shall have shown themselves to be. And it is to be feared that He may utter even in His judgment, against the vessels of iniquity, that voice which the tokens of the precious cross of resurrection attest:
祂必在那同一個身體裡來臨,就是為我們的救恩所承受、為我們的赦免所生、又為醫治我們的傷痕而被槍與釘所刺透的身體。因為對有罪之人的頭一件事,將是無可忍受的判決:那可敬傷痕的臨現。那時我們將要怎麼辦呢?當那受死的主身上的鞭傷,被拿來對照我們罪的印記與情慾的污點時?或你以為我們的救贖主將以怎樣的面容看我們的沉淪呢?神的恩惠顯得越大,人的過犯就越發沉重。且當懼怕,恐怕祂在審判之時,也要向那不義的器皿發出那寶貴復活的十字架痕跡所見證的話語:
17:12
Infer digilum tuum huc, et vide manus meus, et affer manum tuam, et mitte in latus meum (Joan. xx ), et agnosce quæ pro te hnpio pietas divina perpessa sit. llla utique clavorum signa bonis salntaria, malis terribilia, quæ usque ad diem judicii non delentur. Et post hæc quid sequitur, nisi illud ioterpositnm inter vivos ac mortuos expavescendum chaos vastumque discrimen, exclusæ a natura viventium [Exclusio a natura viventium] tenebræ exteriores, dura separalio a dulci intuitu sanctorum et a societate felicium; et econtrario ire inter lacrymabiles gemitus planctusque lugentium, et collegium triste miserorum, ct ante beatam patriam æternum subire teterrimæ mortis exsilium.
'Put thy finger hither, and see my hands; and bring hither thy hand, and put it into my side' (John 20)—and acknowledge what the divine mercy has suffered for thee, ungodly one. Those marks of the nails are indeed salutary to the good, terrible to the wicked, which shall not be blotted out until the day of judgment. And after these things, what follows but that dreadful chaos and vast gulf set between the living and the dead; the outer darkness of those shut out from the nature of the living; the harsh separation from the sweet sight of the saints and from the fellowship of the blessed; and, on the contrary, to go among the tearful groans and wailings of mourners, and the sad company of the wretched, and before the blessed fatherland to undergo the eternal exile of most hideous death.
「伸過你的指頭來,看我的手;伸出你的手來,探入我的肋旁」(約翰福音二十章)——不敬虔的人哪,要認識神的憐憫為你所受的是何等。那些釘痕對善人固然是有益的,對惡人卻是可怖的,這些痕跡直到審判之日都不會被抹去。在這些之後,接踵而來的,豈不是那可畏的、設在活人與死人之間的深淵與廣大的鴻溝;那被逐出於活人之列者所在的外邊黑暗;與聖徒甘美相見的隔絕,與蒙福者相交的斷絕;反倒要走進哀哭者的悲泣哀號之中,進入愁苦者可悲的同伴之列,並在那蒙福的家鄉之前,承受最醜惡之死的永遠放逐。
17:13
Quam lugubre erit homini Dominum viderc et perdere, et ante Creatoris sui perire conspeetum! Et ideo, fratres charissimi, ista dum tempus est cogitantes, et Redemptoris nostri beneficia recolentes, ita cum Dei adjutorio indefesso studio laboremus, ut quod nobis obtulit [contulit] judicatus, integrum in nobis inveniat judicaturus Jesus Christus Dominus noster, qui cum Patre et Spiritu sancto venit et regnat in sæcula sæculorum. Amen.
How mournful it will be for a man to see the Lord and to lose Him, and to perish before the sight of his own Creator! And therefore, most beloved brethren, while there is time, pondering these things and calling to mind the benefits of our Redeemer, let us so labour with God's help by unwearied zeal, that what He offered us when He was judged, our Lord Jesus Christ, who is to be the Judge, may find whole within us—He who with the Father and the Holy Spirit comes and reigns unto ages of ages. Amen.
人看見主卻失去祂,並在自己的創造主面前滅亡,這將是何等可悲!所以,至親愛的弟兄們,趁著還有時候,讓我們思念這些事,追念我們救贖主的恩惠,靠著神的幫助以不倦的熱心如此勞苦,好使那位曾在受審時將自己獻給我們的主耶穌基督——那位將要作審判者的——在我們裡面尋見祂所賜的完整無缺;祂與父並聖靈同來、同掌權,直到世世代代。阿們。
← ch. 16ch. 18 →
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