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Caesarius of Arles

Life, Rule & Works 32

Latin original · 9 verses · some words can be tapped for a gloss

← ch. 31ch. 33 →
32:1
Frequenter diximus quod Christiani persecutionem patiuntur. Mundus iste in maligno positus est (Joan. v). Adversarius noster diabolus regnat in mundum, et nos patamus quod non patiamur persecutionem. Quæ enim res non persequitur Christianum? Miramur, si nos persequuntur alii. si Christo servire voluerimus, qui est omnium vita, et parentes nostri nos persequuntur. Quicunque dissimilis est nostri, persequitur nos et odio nos habet: et miramur, ii alii nos persequuntur, cum ipsum corpus nostrum nos persequatur? Si comedero paululum, et curpusculum robustum fuerit, sauitas corporis mei persequitur animant. Quacumque me vertero, persecuno mihi est.
We have often said that Christians suffer persecution. This world lies in wickedness (cf. 1 John 5:19). Our adversary the devil reigns in the world, and we think that we do not suffer persecution. For what thing does not persecute the Christian? We are amazed if others persecute us. If we have willed to serve Christ, who is the life of all, even our own parents persecute us. Whoever is unlike us persecutes us and holds us in hatred; and are we amazed if others persecute us, when our very own body persecutes us? If I eat a little, and my poor body grows robust, the health of my body persecutes my soul. Wherever I turn, there is persecution for me.
我們常說基督徒要受逼迫。這世界臥在那惡者手下(參約壹五19)。我們的仇敵魔鬼在世上掌權,而我們卻以為自己不受逼迫。有什麼不逼迫基督徒呢?我們竟因別人逼迫我們而詫異。我們若願意事奉那作萬有生命的基督,連我們的親人也逼迫我們。凡與我們不同的人都逼迫我們、恨惡我們:我們竟因別人逼迫我們而詫異,其實連我們自己的身體也在逼迫我們?我若稍微多吃,身體強壯了,我身體的健康就逼迫我的靈魂。我無論轉向何方,那裡都有逼迫臨到我。
32:2
Si videro mulierem, oculus mens me persequitur, cupit interficere animam meam. Si videro divitias, si aurium, si argentum, si possessiones: quæcunqne videro ct desideravero, hoc persequitur animam meam. Non putemus effusionem sanguinis tantum esse martyrium, semper enim martyrium est. Si adolescentem libido carnis persequitur, vult occidere et effundere sanguinem animæ. Sed quando periclitatur anima tua et in grandi periculo est consui. tuta, tunc oportet jejuniis et orationibus in Dominum nostrum Jesum Christum animum firmiter stare, et non consentire morti. Si ergo sunt martyria in pacis tempore, sunt et ncgationes. Nemo ergo dicat, non cuse martyrium: et martyrium est, et negatio cat.
If I see a woman, my eye persecutes me, it desires to slay my soul. If I see riches, gold, silver, possessions — whatever I see and desire, this persecutes my soul. Let us not think that only the shedding of blood is martyrdom, for it is always martyrdom. If the lust of the flesh persecutes a young man, it wishes to kill and pour out the blood of his soul. But when your soul is imperiled and set in great danger, then it behooves the mind to stand firm in fasting and prayers to our Lord Jesus Christ, and not to consent to death. If, therefore, there are martyrdoms in time of peace, there are also denials. Let no one, then, say there is no martyrdom: both there is martyrdom, and there is denial.
我若看見一個婦人,我的眼睛就逼迫我,想要害死我的靈魂。我若看見財富、金子、銀子、產業——凡我所看見所貪戀的,都逼迫我的靈魂。我們不要以為惟有流血才是殉道,因為殉道乃是常有的事。情慾若逼迫一個少年人,它就想要殺害並傾流他靈魂的血。但當你的靈魂陷於危險、置身於巨大的危難中時,心靈就應當堅定地藉禁食與禱告站立在我們的主耶穌基督面前,不向死亡屈服。所以,太平之時既有殉道,也就有背棄。那麼,誰也不要說沒有殉道:既有殉道,也有背棄。
32:3
Ego hodie, qui videor esse monachus, si rupero propositum meum, Christum negavi. Et si in pace Christum nego, in persecutione quid facerent? Si dum non torqueor nec exuror denego: si torquerer et exurerer, quid facerem? Quæ enim plaga est quæ debeat ab amore Christi separare? Quod enim dicitur tibi hoc est: incendio ardebas, in eculeo pendebas, propter me torquebaris; et dicis, non potui sustinere tormenta? Quomodo sustinuit Petrus? quo modo Paulus? quomodo martyres cæteri sustinue runt? Habuerunt corpora sicul tu habes. 0 monache, qui jejunium fugis, putas te ignem fugere? qui ebrietati consentis, credis te evadere æreum serpentem?
I today, who seem to be a monk, if I break my vow, I have denied Christ. And if in peace I deny Christ, what would I do in persecution? If, while I am not tortured nor burned, I deny — if I were tortured and burned, what would I do? For what wound is there that ought to separate me from the love of Christ? For what is said to you is this: you were burning in the flames, you were hanging on the rack, you were being tortured for my sake — and you say, 'I could not endure the torments'? How did Peter endure them? How Paul? How did the other martyrs endure them? They had bodies just as you have. O monk, you who flee fasting, do you think you flee the fire? You who consent to drunkenness, do you believe you escape the bronze serpent?
我今日既看似作修士,我若毀了我的誓願,就是否認了基督。我在太平時尚且否認基督,在逼迫中又會怎樣呢?我在未受拷打、未被焚燒時就否認——若我被拷打、被焚燒,又會怎樣呢?有什麼創傷該使我與基督的愛隔絕呢?因為對你所說的乃是這樣:你在火焰中燃燒,你懸在刑架上,你為我的緣故受拷打;你卻說:「我不能忍受這些酷刑」?彼得是怎樣忍受的呢?保羅又怎樣?其餘的殉道者是怎樣忍受的呢?他們有身體,正如你有身體一樣。修士啊,你逃避禁食,難道你以為你逃得過那火嗎?你向醉酒屈服,難道你以為你逃得過那銅蛇嗎?
32:4
Hoc ergo vobis dieo, fratres, quoniam sunt omni tempore martyria, sunt et prævaricationes. Denique et Apostolus quid loquitur de viduis quæ secundos duxerunt maritos? Quid dicit? Habentes damnationes, quia primam fidem irritam fecerunt (/ Tim. v ). Viduæ quid dicit? o vidua, antequam mihi promitteres quod esses vidua, in tua erat potestate ut nuberes: ex quo tempore confessa es quod mihi permaneres, es co tempore mea esse cœpisti; si volueris secundum maritum ducere, me contempsisti. Sic et tu, monache, antequam mihi promitteres, in tua erat voluntate facere quod velles: vox tua ligavit te mihi. Nunquid te compuli? nunquid ex necessitate fecisti? nonne liber eras?
This, then, I say to you, brethren, that in every time there are martyrdoms, and there are also transgressions. Finally, what does the Apostle say of widows who took second husbands? What does he say? 'Having condemnation, because they have made void their first faith' (1 Tim. 5:12). What does he say of the widow? O widow, before you promised me that you would be a widow, it was in your power to marry; from the time you confessed that you would remain mine, from that time you began to be mine. If you wish to take a second husband, you have despised me. So also you, monk: before you made your promise to me, it was in your will to do what you wished; your voice bound you to me. Did I compel you? Did you do it out of necessity? Were you not free?
所以弟兄們,我對你們說這事:無論何時都有殉道,也有違背。使徒論到那些再嫁的寡婦究竟說了什麼?他說什麼呢?「她們被定罪,因為她們廢棄了當初所許的信」(提前五12)。他論到寡婦說什麼呢?寡婦啊,在你向我許諾要作寡婦之前,嫁人本在你的權下;從你認定要屬我的那時起,你就開始屬我了。你若要再嫁,就是藐視了我。修士啊,你也是這樣:在你向我許諾之前,隨你的意行你所願的本在你自己;是你的口舌把你繫於我。難道是我強逼了你嗎?難道你是出於不得已才作的嗎?你豈不是自由的嗎?
32:5
in tua fuit potestate promittere. Promisisti, et meus esse cœpisti: meum nolo dimittas, non tibi libet dimiuere quia mecum habes causam. Promittere, tuum fuit; dimittere, non est tuum. Si dimiseris, non te habeo in illo gradu in quo te prius habui. Primum liber eras, de familia tua, non eras de familia mea; non eras ante oculos meos, non eras de ministris meis, tamen eras de familia mea; non eras mecum, sed tamen creatura mea eras. Ex quo militare coepisti, si recesseris, non te habeo de familia, sed certe fugitivum et prævaricatorem. Non enim invenies ubi me possis fugere. Ideo hoc totum dico, quia in nostra est potestate Deo promittere, non est ii. nostra potestate dimittere.
It was in your power to make the promise. You promised, and you began to be mine: I do not want you to forsake what is mine; it is not lawful for you to forsake it, because you have a cause with me. To promise was yours; to forsake is not yours. If you forsake, I no longer have you in that rank in which I formerly had you. At first you were free; you were of your own household, you were not of my household; you were not before my eyes, you were not among my ministers — yet you were of my household; you were not with me, but nevertheless you were my creature. From the time you began to serve as my soldier, if you withdraw, I do not have you as of my household, but assuredly as a fugitive and a transgressor. For you will not find where you can flee from me. Therefore I say all this, because it is in our power to promise to God, but it is not in our power to forsake.
許諾本在你的權下。你既許了諾,就開始屬我了:我不願你撇棄那屬我的;你也不可撇棄它,因為你與我有這約定。許諾在乎你;撇棄卻不在乎你。你若撇棄,我就不再把你留在我先前所安置你的那品級中。起初你是自由的;你屬你自己的家,不屬我的家;你不在我眼前,你不在我的僕役之列——然而你仍屬我的家;你不與我同在,但你仍是我的受造物。從你開始作我的兵那時起,你若退去,我就不再把你當作我家中的人,卻確實把你當作逃兵和背約者。因為你找不到能逃離我的地方。所以我說這一切,乃因向神許諾在乎我們,撇棄卻不在乎我們。
32:6
Promisisti, præmium habebis; negasti, pœnam habebis [sustinebis]; utrumque propter confusionem est. Dicimus iterum, alque iterum dicimus: Ecce ante oculos tuos via mortis, et via vitæ: elige quod volueris. Hoc totum dico, fratres charissimi, ne quis de vobis putet se habere liberam potestatem discedere et perdescendere cum diabolo in inferum. Ergo ego, qui sum monachus, qui desii esse sæcularis, et factus sum monachus: aut monachus salvor, aut aliter non salvor. Ipse sanctus [beatus] Paulus quotidie clamabat, in voce Spiritus sancti: Fratres, nolite errare: Deus non irridetur; quæ enim seminaverit homo, hæc et metet; quoniam qui seminat in carne sua, de carne et metet corruptionem;
You promised — you will have the reward; you denied — you will have [endure] the penalty; both are for the sake of confusion. We say again, and again we say: Behold, before your eyes are the way of death and the way of life: choose which you will. All this I say, dearest brethren, lest any of you think he has free power to depart and to descend with the devil into hell. Therefore I, who am a monk, who have ceased to be a man of the world, and have been made a monk: either I am saved as a monk, or otherwise I am not saved. Blessed Paul himself daily cried aloud, in the voice of the Holy Spirit: 'Brethren, do not err: God is not mocked; for whatever a man shall sow, that also shall he reap; for he who sows in his own flesh, of the flesh also shall reap corruption;'
你許了諾,就必得賞賜;你否認了,就必得〔忍受〕刑罰;二者都是為使人蒙羞。我們再說,再三地說:看哪,死亡的道與生命的道就在你眼前:你隨意揀選哪一條吧。至親愛的弟兄們,我說這一切,免得你們中間有人以為自己有自由的權柄可以離去、與魔鬼一同下到地獄。所以我這作修士的,既已不再作屬世的人,而被立為修士:我要麼作修士得救,要麼就不能得救。連聖保羅每日都藉聖靈的聲音大聲呼喊:「弟兄們,不要自欺,神是輕慢不得的;人種的是什麼,收的也是什麼;順著自己肉體撒種的,必從肉體收敗壞;」
32:7
qui autem seminat in Spiritu, de Spiritu et metet vitam æternam (Gal. VI). Et iterum: An nescitis, fratres, quia cui vos exhibuistis servo. ad obeditiendum, servi ejus estis et cui obediistis, sive peccati in mortem, sive obeditionis ad justitiam (Rom. VI). Ergo suggerit diabolus, et cato nostra adhuc de obligamentis sæculi, ut peccemus et discedamus. Cogitemus ergo dies antiquos, et an DOS aeternos ante oculos nostros ponamus (Psal. LXXVI); et in paenitentia invocemus Salvatorem nostrum Dominum Jesum Christum, et ploremus dicentes: Domine Deus, qui non vis mortem peccatorum, sed magis ut convertantur et vivant (Ezech.
but he who sows in the Spirit, of the Spirit shall reap life everlasting (Gal. 6:7-8). And again: 'Do you not know, brethren, that to whom you present yourselves as servants to obey, you are the servants of him whom you obey — whether of sin unto death, or of obedience unto justice?' (Rom. 6:16). Therefore the devil suggests, and our flesh too, still bound by the obligations of the world, that we sin and depart. Let us therefore reflect on the days of old, and set the eternal years before our eyes (cf. Ps. 76:6); and in penance let us call upon our Savior, the Lord Jesus Christ, and let us weep, saying: 'O Lord God, who do not will the death of sinners, but rather that they be converted and live' (Ezek. 18:23,
順著聖靈撒種的,必從聖靈收永生(加六7-8)。又說:「弟兄們,豈不曉得你們獻上自己作僕人去順從誰,就作誰的僕人嗎?或作罪的僕人以至於死,或作順從的僕人以致成義」(羅六16)。所以魔鬼慫恿我們,我們的肉體也因仍被世俗的牽累所束縛,慫恿我們去犯罪、去離棄。所以我們要思念古時的日子,將那永遠的年歲擺在眼前(參詩七十七5);並要在痛悔中呼求我們的救主耶穌基督,哀哭說:「主神啊,你不喜悅罪人死亡,惟喜悅他們回轉存活」(結十八23,
32:8
XVIII), respice, Domine, secundum misericordiam tuam, super nos, et rumpantur funes inimicorum nostrorum, ut non pereamus. Respice, Domine, de sede sancta tua et de consistorio majestatis tuæ, ct tenebras cordis nostri radio tuae lucis expelle. Protege nos, Domine, scuto veritatis ac fidei tuæ, ut diaboli jacula ignita non penetrent; ut quidquid illud est quod iniquitas nostra de te petere non sapit, id tu, Domine, pro virtute tua tribue, quo animas nostras salves a morte. Hæc clamemus, et de Dei misericordia non de-peremus: quia desperatio certa mors est. Si ergo monachus peccasti, ergo miser monachus es, tamen monachus es.
cf. Ezek. 18): look, O Lord, according to your mercy, upon us, and let the ropes of our enemies be broken, that we may not perish. Look, O Lord, from your holy seat and from the council-hall of your majesty, and drive away the darkness of our heart by the ray of your light. Protect us, O Lord, with the shield of your truth and faith, that the fiery darts of the devil may not penetrate; that whatever it is which our iniquity does not know how to ask of you, that you, O Lord, according to your power, would grant, whereby you may save our souls from death. Let us cry these things, and let us not despair of God's mercy: for despair is certain death. If, therefore, you have sinned as a monk, then you are a wretched monk, yet you are a monk.
參結十八):主啊,求你按你的憐憫垂顧我們,使我們仇敵的繩索斷絕,免得我們滅亡。主啊,求你從你的聖座、從你威嚴的議廳垂看,用你光的照耀驅散我們心中的黑暗。主啊,求你用你真理與信實的盾牌保護我們,使魔鬼火燒的箭不能穿透;凡我們的罪孽不曉得向你求的,主啊,求你照你的大能賜下,好使你救我們的靈魂脫離死亡。我們要呼喊這些話,不要對神的憐憫絕望:因為絕望乃是必死之路。所以你這作修士的若犯了罪,你就是可憐的修士,然而你仍是修士。
32:9
Nullatenus nobis licet mutare propositum, sed in pœnitentiæ locum reverti. Nam in monasterio quidquid sunt senorum Dei, quidquid fecerint, si non propter usus necessarios, sed ornatus causa vel decoris alicujus, extra jussionem senioris, corripiantur, quia et in hoc vitium animos ægrotare cernimus, qui indumentis aut calciamentis, non usus, sed decoris causa, volunt hominibus placere. Deus autem hirc manifestissime declaravit: Omnis enim, inquit, arbor de fructu suo agnoscitur. Et: Non omnes qui dicunt mihi, Domine, intrabunt in regnum cælorum, sed qui facit voluntatem Patris mei, qui in cœlis est, ipse intrabit in reqnum cælorum (Matth. VII).
By no means is it lawful for us to change our vow, but rather to return to the place of penance. For in the monastery, whatever the servants of God are, whatever they do — if not for necessary use but for the sake of adornment or of some elegance, without the command of the superior — let them be corrected, because in this too we perceive the mind to be sick with vice: those who, by their garments or footwear, wish to please men not for use but for the sake of display. But God has most manifestly declared this: 'For every tree,' he says, 'is known by its own fruit.' And: 'Not everyone who says to me, Lord, shall enter into the kingdom of heaven, but he who does the will of my Father who is in heaven, he shall enter into the kingdom of heaven' (cf. Matt. 7:17, 21).
我們斷不可更改所立的誓願,反倒要回到痛悔之地。因為在隱修院中,神的僕人無論是誰、無論作什麼——若不是為必需之用,乃是為裝飾或某種華美,且未經長上的吩咐——就當受管教,因為我們看出在這事上,人的心也因惡習而患病:就是那些藉衣飾或鞋履,不為實用、乃為炫耀而想討人喜歡的人。但神已最明白地宣告這事:祂說:「凡樹木都憑其果子而被認出。」又說:「凡稱呼我主啊主啊的人,不能都進天國;惟獨遵行我天父旨意的人,才能進天國」(參太七17、21)。
← ch. 31ch. 33 →
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