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《教會史》卷六 第 2 章

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2:1
Πολλὰ μὲν οὖν ἄν τις εἴποι, τὸν βίον τοῦ ἀνδρὸς ἐν σχολῇ παραδοῦναι διὰ γραφῆς πειρώμενος, δέοιτο δ᾿ ἂν καὶ ἰδίας ὑποθέσεως περὶ αὐτοῦ σύνταξις. ὅμως δ᾿ ἡμεῖς ἐπὶ τοῦ παρόντος ἐπιτεμνόμενοι τὰ πλεῖστα διὰ βραχέων ὡς οἷόν τε ὀλίγα ἄττα τῶν περὶ αὐτὸν διελευσόμεθα, ἔκ τινων ἐπιστολῶν καὶ ἱστορίας τῶν καὶ εἰς ἡμᾶς τῷ βίῳ πεφυλαγμένων αὐτοῦ γνωρίμων τὰ δηλούμενα φέροντες.
倘若有人從容嘗試用文字記述這人的生平,所能說的實在很多,而關於他的記述也需要一部專著。然而眼下我們只能盡量簡略地刪節大部分,只略述幾件關於他的事,並從某些書信、以及那些生平存留至今、與他相識之人所傳的記載中,取材陳述出來。
Now one might have much to say, were he to attempt at leisure to hand down in writing the man's life, and the account concerning him would require a treatise of its own. Nevertheless for the present, abridging most things as briefly as may be, we shall pass over a few of the matters concerning him, drawing what we set forth from certain letters and from the report of those of his acquaintances whose lives have been preserved even to our own day.
2:2
Ὠριγἐνους καὶ τὰ ἐξ αὐτῶν ὡς εἰπεῖν σπαργάνων ἀξιομνημόνευτά μοι εἶναι δοκεῖ. δέκατον μὲν γὰρ ἐπεῖχε Σεβῆρος τῆς βασιλείας ἔτος, ἡγεῖτο δὲ Ἀλεξανδρείας καὶ τῆς λοιπῆς Αἰγύπτου Λαῖτος, τῶν δὲ αὐτόθι παροικιῶν τὴν ἐπισκοπὴν νεωστὶ τότε μετὰ Ἰουλιανὸν Δημήτριος ὑπειλήφει.
關於俄利根,我以為連他可說是襁褓中的事也值得記述。當時塞威如斯在位已是第十年,賴託斯作亞歷山大及埃及其餘各地的長官,而德米特里則剛在猶利安之後接受了那裏各教會的主教職分。
Of Origen, then, it seems to me that even the things from his very swaddling-clothes, so to speak, are worthy of mention. For Severus was holding the tenth year of his reign, and Laetus was governor of Alexandria and the rest of Egypt, while Demetrius had but recently then received the episcopate of the communities there, in succession to Julian.
2:3
εἰς μέγα δὴ οὖν τῆς τοῦ διωγμοῦ πυρκαϊᾶς ἁφθείσης, καὶ μυρίων ὅσων τοῖς κατὰ τὸ μαρτύριον ἀναδουμένων στεφάνοις, ἔρως τοσοῦτος μαρτυρίου τὴν Ὠριγένους ἔτι κομιδῆ παιδὸς ὑπάρχοντος κατεῖχε ψυχὴν, ὡς ὁμόσε τοῖς κινδύνοις χωρεῖν, προπηδᾶν τε καὶ ὁρμᾶν ἐπὶ τὸν ἀγῶνα προθύμως ἔχειν.
於是,當逼迫的烈火被點燃成熊熊大火,無數的人因殉道而戴上冠冕之時,俄利根雖然還是個小孩子,他的心靈卻被如此熱切渴慕殉道的心所充滿,以致情願迎向危險,奮勇向前,急切地衝赴那場爭戰。
When, therefore, the fire of the persecution had been kindled to a mighty blaze, and countless multitudes were being wreathed with the crowns of martyrdom, such a passion for martyrdom possessed Origen's soul, while he was still quite a boy, that he was eager to come to close quarters with the dangers, and to leap forward and rush eagerly to the contest.
2:4
ἤδη γέ τοι μικρὸν ὅσον αὐτῷ καὶ τὰ τῆς ἀπὸ τοῦ βίου ἀπαλλαγῆς οὐ πόρρω καθίστατο, μὴ οὐχὶ τῆς θείας καὶ οὐρανίου προνοίας εἰς τὴν πλείστων ὠφέλειαν διὰ τῆς αὐτοῦ μητρὸς ἐμποδὼν αὐτῷ τῆς προθυμίας ἐνστάσης.
事實上,他與此生離別的結局已近在咫尺,幸而那神聖屬天的眷顧,藉著他的母親,為使眾人得益處,阻擋了他的熱忱。
Indeed, the end of his life from this world was already but a very little way off, had not the divine and heavenly providence, acting for the benefit of very many through his mother, stood in the way of his zeal.
2:5
αὕτη γοῦν τὰ μὲν πρῶτα λόγοις ἱκετεύουσα τῆς περὶ αὐτὸν μητρικῆς διαθέσεως φειδὼ λαβεῖν παρεκάλει, σφοδρότερον δ ἐπιτείναντα θεασαμένη, ὅτε γνοὺς ἁλόντα τὸν πατέρα δεσμωτηρίῳ φυλάττεσθαι, ὅλος ἐγίνετο τῆς περὶ τὸ μαρτύριον ὁρμῆς, τὴν πᾶσαν αὐτοῦ ἀποκρυψαμένη ἐσθῆτα οἴκοι μένειν ἀνάγκην ἐπῆγεν.
起初她用言語懇求他,央求他顧念她作母親對他的慈愛之情;但她見他在得知父親已被捉拿、囚於監中之後,整個人都投入殉道的衝動裏,越發猛烈,便把他所有的衣裳都藏了起來,逼使他不得不留在家中。
She at all events at first by words besought him, entreating him to take pity on her motherly affection toward him; but when she saw that, on learning that his father had been seized and was kept in prison, he was wholly given over to the impulse toward martyrdom, and that he was straining all the more vehemently, she hid away all his clothing and laid upon him the necessity of staying at home.
2:6
δὲ, ὡς οὐδὲν ἄλλο πράττειν αὐτῷ παρῆν, τῆς προθυμίας ὑπὲρ τὴν ἡλικίαν ἐπιτεινομένης, οὐχ οἶός τε ὢν ἠρεμεῖν, διαπέμπεται τῷ πατρὶ προτρεπτικωτάτην περὶ μαρτυρίου συντάξας ἐπιστολὴν, ἐν κατὰ λέξιν αὐτῷ παραινεῖ ἔπεχε, μὴ δι ἡμᾶς ἄλλο τι φρονήσῃς. τοῦτο πρῶτον τῆς Ὠριγἐνους παιδικῆς ἀγχινοίας καὶ περὶ τὴν θεοσέβειαν γνησιωτάτης διαθέσεως ἀνάγραπτον ἔστω τεκμήριον.
可是因為他別無他事可作,那超乎他年齡的熱忱越發增強,使他無法安靜下來,便寫信給他的父親,極力激勵他殉道,信中他用這樣的話勸勉父親說:「你要當心,不可為了我們而改變心意。」願這事被記下,作為俄利根孩童時聰慧、以及對敬畏神之心最為純真的頭一個明證。
But since nothing else was left for him to do, and his zeal, intensified beyond his years, would not suffer him to keep still, he sent to his father a letter most strongly urging him on concerning martyrdom, in which he exhorts him in these very words: 「Take heed not to change thy mind on our account.」 Let this be recorded as the first token of Origen's boyhood shrewdness and of his most genuine disposition toward the fear of God.
2:7
καὶ γὰρ ἤδη καὶ τῶν τῆς πίστεως λόγων οὐ σμικρὰς ἀφορμὰς καταβέβλητο, ταῖς θείαις γραφαῖς ἐξέτι παιδὸς ἐνησκημένος. οὐ μετρίως γοῦν καὶ περὶ ταῦτα πεπόνητο, τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτῷ πρὸς τῇ τῶν ἐγκυκλίων παιδείᾳ καὶ τούτων οὐ κατὰ πάρεργον τὴν φροντίδα πεποιημένου.
因為他在信仰的道理上早已奠下了不小的根基,自幼便受過神聖聖經的操練。至少他在這些事上下的工夫絕非平常,因他父親除了一般通行的教育之外,對這些也並非當作次要之事來看待。
For indeed he had already laid no small foundation in the words of the faith, having been trained in the divine Scriptures from the time he was still a boy. At any rate he had laboured over these in no ordinary measure, his father, besides the customary general education, having made the care of these too no mere secondary matter for him.
2:8
ἐξ ἅπαντος γοῦν αὐτὸν, πρὸ τῆς τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν μαθημάτων μελέτης, ἐνῆγε τοῖς ἱεροῖς ἐνασκεῖσθαι παιδεύμασιν, ἐκμαθήσεις καὶ ἀπαγγελίας ἡμέρας ἑκάστης αὐτὸν εἰσπραττόμενος.
因此,他在學習希臘學問之先,總是極力督促他在神聖的功課上操練自己,每天都要他背誦並複述。
In every way, accordingly, before the study of Greek learning, he urged him to train himself in the sacred lessons, exacting from him each day learning by heart and recitation.
2:9
οὐκ ἀπροαιρέτως δὲ ταῦτα ἐγίνετο τῷ παιδὶ, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἄγαν προθυμότατα περὶ ταῦτα πονοῦντι, ὡς μηδ ἐξαρκεῖν αὐτῷ τὰς ἁπλᾶς καὶ προχείρους τῶν ἱερῶν λόγων ἐντεύξεις, ζητεῖν δέ τι πλέον καὶ βαθυτέρας ἤδη ἐξ ἐκείνου πολυπραγμονεῖν θεωρίας, ὥστε καὶ πράγματα παρέχειν τῷ πατρὶ τί ἄρα ἐθέλοι δηλοῦν τὸ τῆς θεοπνεύστου γραφῆς ἀναπυνθανόμενος βούλῆμα.
這孩子作這些事並非出於勉強,反倒以極大的熱切勤勉去作,以致那些簡單淺顯的聖言誦讀已不能滿足他;他從那時起便尋求更深的東西,鑽研更深奧的默想,甚至弄得他父親也為難,因他追問那受神默示的聖經到底要表明甚麼意思。
And these things were not done by the boy against his inclination, but rather he laboured at them with exceedingly great eagerness, so that the plain and ready readings of the sacred words did not suffice him, but he sought something further and busied himself, even from that age, with deeper contemplations, so that he caused his father trouble by inquiring what then the meaning of the inspired Scripture might intend to signify.
2:10
ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῷ μὲν δοκεῖν εἰς πρόσωποι ἐπέπληττεν αὐτῷ, μηδὲν ὑπὲρ ἡλικίαν μηδὲ τῆς πρὸ φανοὺς διανοίας περαιτέρω τι ζητεῖν παραινῶν, ἰδίως δὲ παρ ἑαυτῷ τὰ μεγάλα γεγηθὼς τὴν μεγίστη ὡμολόγει τῷ πάντων ἀγαθῶν αἰτίῳ θεῷ χάριν, ὅτι δὴ αὐτὸν τοιούτου πατέρα γενέσθαι παιδὸς ἠξίωσεν.
他父親表面上當面責備他,勸他不要尋求超乎他年齡的事,也不要追究那明顯意思以外的東西;但他私下心裏卻大大歡喜,向那一切美善之源的神獻上最大的感謝,因神看他配作這樣一個兒子的父親。
His father, for his part, would in appearance rebuke him to his face, counselling him to seek nothing beyond his years nor anything further than the manifest sense; but privately within himself, rejoicing greatly, he gave the greatest thanks to God, the Author of all good things, that He had counted him worthy to become the father of such a son.
2:11
ἐπιστάντα δὲ ἤδη πολλάκις καθεύδοντι τῷ παιδὶ γυμνῶσαι μὲν αὐτοῦ τὰ στέρνα φασὶν, ὥσπερ δὲ θεῖο πνεύματος ἔνδον ἐν αὐτοῖς ἀφιερωμένου, φιλῆσαί τ σεβασμίως καὶ τῆς εὐτεκνίας μακάριον ἑαυτὸν ἡγήσασθαι. ταῦτα καὶ ἕτερα τούτοις συγγενῆ περὶ παῖδ ὄντα τὸν Ὠριγένην γενέσθαι μνημονεύουσιν.
據說他常常站在熟睡的孩子身旁,掀開他的胸膛,彷彿那裏面供奉著一位神聖的靈,便恭敬地親吻它,並因有這樣美好的兒女而自以為有福。這些事,以及與之相類的其他事,他們記述為俄利根孩童時所發生的。
And they say that often, standing over the boy as he slept, he would lay bare his breast, and as though a divine spirit were enshrined within it, would kiss it reverently and count himself blessed in his goodly offspring. These things, and others akin to them, they record as having happened concerning Origen while he was a boy.
2:12
ὡς δὲ ἤδη αὐτῷ πατὴρ μαρτυρίῳ τετελείωτο, ἔρημος ἅμα μητρὶ καὶ βραχυτέροις ἀδελφοῖς τὸν ἀριθμὸν ἕξ, ἑπτακαιδέκατον οὐ πλῆρες ἰτὸς ἄγων, καταλείπεται.
及至他父親藉殉道得以成全,他便和母親並六個年幼的弟弟一同被撇下,孤苦無依,那時他還不滿十七歲。
But when his father had been perfected by martyrdom, he was left bereft, together with his mother and six younger brothers, being not yet quite seventeen years of age.
2:13
τῆς γε μὴν τοῦ πατρὸς περιουσίας τοῖς βασιλικοῖς ταμιείοις ἀναληφθείσης, ἐν σπάνει τῶν κατὰ τὸν βίον χρειῶν σὺν τοῖς προσήκουσι καταστὰς, οἰκονομίας τῆς ἐκ θεοῦ καταξιοῦται, καὶ τυγχάνει δεξιώσεως ὁμοῦ καὶ ἀναπαύσεως παρά τινι πλουσιωτάτῃ μὲν τὸν βίον καὶ τὰ ἄλλα περιφανεστάτῃ γυναικὶ, διαβόητόν γε μὴν ἄνδρα περιεπούσῃ τῶν τότε ἐπὶ τῆς Ἀλεξανδρείας αἱρεσιωτῶν· τὸ γένος ἦν οὗτος Ἀντιοχεὺς, θετὸν δὲ αὐτὸν υἱὸν εἶχέ τε σὺν ἑαυτῇ καὶ ἐν τοἴς μάλιστα περιεῖπεν δεδηλωμένη.
他父親的家業被沒收歸入皇室國庫,他便與親屬一同陷入缺乏生活所需的境地;然而他蒙了神的供應,得在一位婦人家中受款待並得安息。這婦人生活極其富有,在其他方面也甚為顯赫,卻供養著一個臭名遠播的人,就是當時亞歷山大異端中的一個。這人按族裔是安提阿人,那前述的婦人收他為義子,留他在自己身邊,並格外尊重他。
When his father's property had been confiscated to the imperial treasury, he was reduced, along with his kinsfolk, to a lack of the necessities of life; yet he was counted worthy of a provision from God, and met with both welcome and rest in the house of a certain woman, very wealthy in life and otherwise most distinguished, who nevertheless was cherishing a notorious man, one of the heretics at Alexandria at that time. This man was an Antiochene by race, and the woman we have mentioned kept him with her as an adopted son and treated him with especial honour.
2:14
ἀλλὰ τούτῳ γε ἐπάναγκες Ὠριγένης συνὼν τῆς ἐξ ἐκείνου περὶ τὴν πίστιν ὀρθοδοξίας ἐναργῆ παρείχετο δείγματα, ὅτι δὴ μυρίου πλήθους διὰ τὸ δοκοῦν ἱκανὸν ἐν λόγῳ τοῦ Παύλου τοῦτο γὰρ ἦν ὄνομα τῷ ἀνδρὶ) συναγομένου παρ αὐτῷ οὐ μόνον αἱρετικῶν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἡμετέρων, οὐδεπώποτε προυτράπη κατὰ τὴν εὐχὴν αὐτῷ συστῆναι, φυλάττων ἐξέτι παιδὸς κανόνα ἐκκλησίας, βδελυττόμενός τε, ὡς αὐτῷ ῥήματι φησί που αὐτὸς, τὰς τῶν αἱρέσεων διδασκαλίας.
但俄利根雖因不得已而與他來往,卻從那時的年紀就顯出他在信仰上純正的明確憑據;因為雖有無數的人——不單是異端,連我們自己的人也都——因這人(保羅,這是他的名字)言辭上似乎的本事,聚集到他那裏,俄利根卻從未被勸動與他一同禱告,他自幼便持守教會的規範,並且憎惡——正如他自己在某處親口所說的——那些異端的教訓。
But Origen, though of necessity associating with him, gave clear proofs of his orthodoxy in the faith from that very age; for although a countless multitude—not only of heretics but also of our own people—was gathered around the man (Paul, for that was his name) because of his seeming competence in discourse, Origen never once was induced to join with him in prayer, keeping from boyhood the rule of the Church, and abhorring, as he himself somewhere says in his very words, the teachings of the heresies.
2:15
προαχθεὶς δὲ ὑπὸ τοῦ πατρὸς ἐν τοῖς Ἑλλήνων μαθήμασιν, ἐκθυμότερόν τε καὶ μετὰ τὴν ἐκείνου τελευτὴν τῇ περὶ τοὺς λόγους ἀσκήσει ὅλον ἐπιδοὺς ἑαυτὸν, ὡς καὶ παρασκευὴν ἐπὶ τὰ γραμματικὰ οὐ μετρίαν ἔχειν, μετ οὐ πολὺ τῆς τοῦ πατρὸς τελειώσεως τούτοις ἐπιδεδωκὼς ἑαυτὸν, ηὐπόρει τῶν ἀνγκαίων, ὡς ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡλικίᾳ, δαψιλῶς.
他先前受父親提攜,在希臘的學問上長進;父親去世後,他更加熱切,全心投入文學的鑽研,以致在文法之學上有了不小的根柢。在他父親得以成全之後不久,他便藉著專攻這些學問,照他那年紀所能,豐足地供應了生活所需。
Having been advanced by his father in the studies of the Greeks, and after his father's death applying himself even more ardently and wholly to the discipline of letters, so that he had no ordinary preparation for grammatical studies, not long after his father's perfecting he devoted himself to these and was abundantly supplied with the necessities, as far as could be expected at that age.
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