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饗宴與殘篇 第 2-9 章

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2-9:1
Σ. Ἀλλὰ τὸ μὲν πρὸς τὸν ἑταῖρον, φίλε, λόγον ἱκανῶς μοι πεποιηκέναι δοκεῖς. ἐξ ὧν γὰρ προλαβὼν ἔδωκε τῷ λόγῳ, ἐκ τούτων συνάγειν ἔδοξας καλῶς. ὡς ἀληθῶς γάρ, εἰ ἄποιος ἐτύγχανεν ὕλη, τῶν δὲ ποιοτήτων δημιουργὸς ὑπάρχει θεός, ποιότητες τες δὲ τὰ κακά, τῶν κακῶν ἔσται ποιητὴς θεός. θεός
同伴: 至於針對這位朋友的論證,於我看來你已作得充分了。因為從他在討論之初所承認的,你似乎結論得很好。因為實在說來,物質若是無質的,神又是眾質的工匠,而惡是眾質,那麼神就要成為惡的製造者。
COMPANION: But as for the argument against the friend here, you seem to me to have made it sufficiently. For from the things he granted at the outset of the discussion, you seemed to draw your conclusion well. For in truth, if matter was quality-less, and God is the craftsman of the qualities, and the evils are qualities, then God will be the maker of the evils.
2-9:2
μὲν μὲν λόγος πρὸς ἐκεῖνον εἰρήσθω καλῶς, ἐμοὶ δὲ ψεῦδος δοκεῖ τὴν ὕλην ἄποιον εἶναι λέγειν. οὐδὲ γὰρ ἔνεστιν εἰπεῖν περὶ ἡστινοσοῦν οὐσίας ὡς ἔστιν ἄποιος. ἀλλὰ μὴν καὶ ἐνᾠ ἄποιον εἶναι λέγει τὴν ποιότητα αὐτῆς μηνύει, ὁποία ἐστὶν ὕλη διαγραφόμενος, ὅπερ ἐστὶ ποιότητος τος εἶδος. ὅθεν, εἴ σοι φίλον ἐστίν, ἄνωθεν ἔχου πρὸς ἐμὲ τοῦ λόγου
如今就算對他的論證說得好;但於我看來,說物質是無質的乃是錯的。因為對任何本質都不能說它是無質的。確實,單在說它是無質的這話裡,人就已指出了它的質,勾勒出物質是怎樣的——而這本身就是質的一種。因此,你若願意,請與我從頭來討論這論點。
Now let the argument against him be reckoned well stated; but to me it seems false to say that matter is quality-less. For it is not possible to say of any substance whatsoever that it is quality-less. Indeed, in the very saying that it is quality-less, one signifies its quality, sketching out what kind of thing matter is — which is itself a species of quality. Wherefore, if it is agreeable to you, take up the argument with me from the beginning.
2-9:3
ἐμοὶ γὰρ ὕλη ποιότητας ἀνάρχως ἔχειν δοκεῖ. οὕτως γὰρ καὶ τὰ κακὰ ἐκ τῆς ἀπορροίας αὐτῆς εἶναι λέγω, ἵνα τῶν κακῶν μὲν θεὸς ἀναίτιος, τούτων δὲ ἀπάντων ὕλη αἰτία
因為於我看來,物質從永遠就有眾質。因為這樣,我也說惡是出於它的流溢,好使神對惡無干,而物質乃是這一切惡的緣由。
For to me matter seems to have qualities from eternity. For thus also I say that the evils are from its effluence, so that of the evils God is free of responsibility, while matter is the cause of all of them.
2-9:4
ΟΡΘΟΛ. Τὴν μὶν προθυμίαν τὴν σὴν ἀποδέχομαι, φίλε, καί σου τὴν ἐν τοῖς λόγοις σπουδὴν ἐπαινῶ. προσῆκε γὰρ ὡς ἀληθῶς ἔκαστον τῶν φιλομαθῶν μὴ ἀπλῶς καἳ ὡς ἔτυχε συγκατατίθεσθαι τοῖς λεγομένοις ἀλλ' άκριβῆ ποιεῖσθαι τὴν ἐξέτασιν τῶν λόγων. οὐδὲ γὰρ εἰ προσξητῶν παρὰ λόγον ὁρισάμενος ἀφορμὴν παρέσχε τῷ προσδιαλεγομένῳ συνάγειν ὡς θέλει, τοῦτο καὶ τὸν ἀκροατὴν πείσει τὸ λοιπόν, ἀλλ' εἰ τι δοκεῖ δυνατὸν εἶναι λέγεσθαι καλῶς, οὗτος λέξει παρών. παρών· γὰρ θάτερον ἔσται. γàρ καὶ πρὸς κινεῖσθαι δοκεῖ ἀκούσας τέλεον ὠφεληθήσεται, τὸν προσδιαλεγομενον ἐλέγξει οὐ τἀλθῆ λέγοντα
正統者: 朋友啊,我接受你的熱忱,也稱讚你在討論中的殷勤。因為實在合宜的是,每個愛學的人都不該單純、隨意地贊同所說的,乃當對諸般論證作精確的察驗。因為提問者縱使違理地下了定義,給對話的同伴提供了隨意作結論的機會,這也未必就此說服那聽眾;倒是那在場的聽眾,必把凡他認為能說得妥當的話說出來。因為二者必居其一:他或是聽到了他原想加以反駁的那一點,便得著完全的益處;或是駁倒那對話的同伴,指出他所說的並非真理。
ORTHODOXUS: I accept your eagerness, my friend, and I commend your zeal in the discussion. For it is fitting indeed that every lover of learning should not simply and at random assent to what is said, but should make an accurate examination of the arguments. For not even if the questioner, having defined contrary to reason, has furnished his fellow-discussant an occasion to draw conclusions as he wishes, will this then also persuade the hearer for the rest; rather, the hearer, being present, will say whatever it seems possible to state well. For one of two things will be the case: either, hearing the very point against which he was inclined to be moved, he will be perfectly benefited, or he will refute the fellow-discussant as not speaking the truth.
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