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Methodius

Symposium & Fragments 2-22

Greek original · 9 verses · some words can be tapped for a gloss

← ch. 2-19ch. 3-1 →
2-22:3
Φημὶ τοιγαροῦν πολλὰς ὑποθέσεις ὑπάρχειν τῷ θεῷ, καθ ἃς δημιουργεῖν αὐτὸν ἔδει· πρῶτον μὲν τῆς τέχνης ἐπιστήμην, ἣν ἀργεῖν μὲν οὐκ ἐχρῆν, ἡττωμένου τοῦ δύνασθαι ποιεῖν ταῦτα ἅπερ ἠπίστατο· ὕστερον δὲ καὶ τὸ τῇ φύσει ἀγαθὸν ὑπάρχειν αὐτῷ, ὅπερ ἀνωφελὲς μένειν οὐκ ἐδόκει· πολλὰ δὲ καὶ τούτοις ὅμοις προσῆν τῷ θεῷ, δι ἅπερ κόσμου γένεσιν ἤρξατο ποιεῖν
I declare, therefore, that there were many grounds in God according to which it was fitting for Him to create. First, the knowledge of His art, which it was not right should lie idle, with the power to make those things which He knew remaining defeated. Next, that the good belonged to Him by nature, which it seemed not fitting should remain unprofitable. And many other things like these were present with God, on account of which He began to make the world's coming-into-being.
所以我宣告:在神裏面有許多緣由,使祂理當創造。首先,是祂工藝的知識,這知識不該閒置,叫祂能造成所知之物的能力反倒受了壓制。其次,是那善按本性原屬於祂,這善看來不該留為無用。還有許多與這些相類的緣由也在神裏面,因著這些,祂便開始造出這世界的存在。
2-22:4
ὥσπερ γὰρ εἴ τις ἐπιστήμην ἔχων μουσικῆς αὖ πάλιν ἰατρικῆς τεκτονικῆς, εἰς ὅσον τοῦ ἔργου μὴ ἔχεται μηδὲ δι αὐτοῦ τὴν ἐπιστήμην δείκνυσιν, μάτην τέχνην ἔχειν δοκεῖ, μήτε αὐτὸς ἀπολαύων ὧν ἐπίσταται, μήτε ἑτέροις γνῶσιν παρέχων τούτων τῶν ἔργων, καὶ τὸ ἐντεῦθεν ὅμοιος τῷ μηδὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ἐπισταμένῳ γίνεται, μὴ οὔσης τῆς τέχνης ἐνεργοῦς (ἐκάστη γὰρ τῶν τεχνῶν διὰ τῆς ἐνεργείας τὴν δεῖξιν λαμβάνει καὶ ὡς λόγον εἰπεῖν τὴν τοῦ εἶναι σύστασιν
For just as, if someone possessing the knowledge of music, or again of medicine, or of carpentry, so long as he does not engage in the work nor display the knowledge through it, seems to possess the art in vain—neither himself enjoying what he knows, nor providing others with the knowledge of these works—and thereby becomes like one who never knew it at all, the art being inactive (for each of the arts receives its demonstration through activity, and, so to speak, the very constitution of its being)—
因為正如有人擁有音樂的知識,或又是醫術、或是木工的知識,只要他不從事於工作,也不藉著工作將那知識顯出來,他擁有那技藝便是徒然——既不自己享受所知之事,也不將這些工作的知識傳給別人——並且因此就如同那從未曾認識它的人一般,因那技藝是不運作的(因為各樣技藝都是藉著運作才得著彰顯,可以說,它存在的根基也在於此)——
2-22:5
ὁμοίως δὲ πάλιν εἴ τις ἀγαθὸς ὢν μὴ ἔχοι οὓς εὐεργετῆσαι δεῖ, μάτην ἀγαθὸς εἶναι δοκεῖ (τὸ γὰρ ἀγαθὸν τῶν πρὸς ἕτερον πέφυκεν εἶναι· οὐκ ὄντων δέ τινων πρὸς οὕς ἐστιν τοῦτο, τὴν ἀρχὴν οὐδ ἀγαθὸν ἔσται, κρυπτόμενον ἐν ἐκείνῳ τῷ ἔχοντι καὶ μόνῳ γνωστὸν ὑπάρχον, διὰ τὸ τὴν ἀρχὴν μηδὲ παρεῖναιο τοὺς τούτου δεομένους· εἰ δὲ πάρεισίν τινες οὓς εὐεργετεῖν δύναται, τηνικαῦτα δείκνυται μὲν αὐτοῦ πρῶτον τὸ ἀγαθόν· ἔπειτα δὲ τὸ εὔχρηστον γίνεται τῷ τῆς τοιαύτης φύσεως εἰληχότι, πολλῶν τῆς ἀγαθοσύνης αὐτοῦ ἀπολαύειν δυναμένων), —
and likewise again, if someone being good has none whom he ought to benefit, he seems to be good in vain (for the good is by nature among things relative to another; and if there are none toward whom it is exercised, it will from the first not even be good, being hidden in the one who possesses it and known to him alone, because from the first those who need it are not present; but if there are present some whom he is able to benefit, then first his goodness is shown, and then it becomes serviceable to him who has obtained such a nature, since many are able to enjoy his goodness)—
照樣,若有人本是善的,卻沒有他所當施惠的對象,他這善也似乎是徒然的(因為善按本性是屬於那關乎他者的事物;若沒有可施行善的對象,它從起初便連善也算不上,乃是隱藏在那擁有它的裏面,惟獨他自己知道,因從起初那需要善的對象並不存在;但若有他所能施惠的對象在,那時他的善便首先得以顯出,繼而對那承受如此本性的便成為有用的,既有許多人能享受他的善)——
2-22:6
τὸν αὐτὸν δὲ τρόπον καὶ περὶ τοῦ θεοῦ σκοπεῖν χρή, ὅτι πάσης τέχνης τῆν ἐπιστήμην ἔχων, εἰ μηδὲν ἐδημιούργησεν, μάτην ἐδόκει τὴν ἐπιστήμην ἔχειν, μὴ ὄντων τινῶν οἷς κἂν ὅτι ἐπιστήμων <τις> ὑπῆρχεν δεικνύναι δυνηθείη. διὰ τοῦτο τὸ ἔργον πεποιηκέναι <αὐτὸν> λέγω, τὴν τέχνην αὐτοῦ ἐν αὐτοῖς τοῖς ἔργοις ἐπιδεῖξαι προαιρούμενον· οὐ γὰρ ἤρκει ἐπιστήμη μόνη, ἄνευ τῶν ἐν οἷς ὑπάρχειν ἔδει, τῷ θεῷ. ἄχρηστον γὰρ αὐτῷ, μᾶλλον δὲ ἀργὸν τὸ τοιοῦτον μένειν ἐφαίντο· τε δύναμις οὐκ ἐνεργοῦσα οὐκ ἂν εὔχρηστος εἴη τῷ κεκτημένῳ, καὶ ἀγαθὸς ὤν, οὐκ ἀπέλαυεν τῆς ἀγαθοσύνης αὐτοῦ, τοὺς δεομένους αὐτῆς οὐκ ἔχων
in the same manner one must consider also concerning God: that, possessing the knowledge of every art, if He had created nothing, He would seem to possess the knowledge in vain, there being none to whom He could display that He was knowing. For this reason I say that He made the work, choosing to display His art in the very works themselves. For knowledge alone, apart from those in whom it ought to subsist, was not sufficient for God. For such a thing seemed useless to Him, or rather idle; the power that is not active would not be serviceable to its possessor; and being good, He did not enjoy His goodness, having none who needed it.
照樣,論到神也當這樣思想:祂既擁有各樣技藝的知識,若什麼都不創造,便似乎是徒然擁有那知識,因沒有可向之顯明祂是有知識者的對象。為這緣故我說,祂造了作為,揀選要在那些作為本身中彰顯祂的技藝。因為單有知識,而無那知識所當存於其中的對象,對神乃是不足的。因為這樣的事在祂看來是無用的,或不如說是閒置的;那不運作的能力,對擁有者並非有用;祂雖是善的,卻不享受祂的善,因沒有需要這善的對象。
2-22:7
διόπερ ἀγαθὸς ὢν ἐδημιούργησεν καὶ τὰ οὐκ ὄντα πεποίηκεν, διὰ τούτου καὶ πρώτου τὴν ἀγαθοσύνην αὐτοῦ δεῖξαι προαιρούμενος (τουτὶ γὰρ ὑπερβαλλούσης φύσεως ἔστιν ἀγαθῆς τὸ εἶναι παρασχεῖν τοῖς οὐκ οὖσιν ποτέἔπειτα δὲ καὶ διὰ τῆς τῶν κρειττόνων ὑποσχέσεως, δὴ τοῖς πρὸς αὐτοῦ γενομένοις ἐπηγγείλατο· οὐ γὰρ τὸ εἶναι μόνον παρέσχεν αὐτοῖς, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν κρεττόνων ἀπολαύειν, οὕτως αὐτοῦ τὸ ἀγαθὸν ἐπιδεικνύναι προαιρούμενος· διὰ τούτου γὰρ καὶ ὅτι ἔστιν τὸ ἀγαθὸν φαίνεται, τοὺς χρῄζοντας ἔχων
Wherefore, being good, He created and made the things that were not, choosing through this, and first of all, to show His goodness (for it belongs to a surpassingly good nature to grant being to the things that once were not); and then also through the promise of better things, which He promised to those who came into being from Him. For He granted them not being only, but also the enjoyment of better things, thus choosing to display His goodness; for through this it also appears that the good exists, since He has those who need it.
因此,神既是善的,就創造了並造出那些原本不存在的,藉此,並且首先,揀選要顯出祂的善(因為將存在賜給那曾不存在的,乃是屬於那超絕之善本性的);繼而又藉著那更美之事的應許,就是祂向那些從祂而出受造的所應許的。因為祂不單賜給他們存在,也賜給他們享受更美之事,這樣揀選要彰顯祂的善;因為藉此也顯明了善是實有的,既然祂有那需要善的對象。
2-22:8
πρὸς δὲ τούτοςι, εἰ μὴ κόσμου γένεσιν ἐποίησεν θεός, τὴν ἀρχὴν ὅτι ἐστὶν θεός, ἀγνωστος ἦν, οὐκ ὄντων τῶν γινώσκειν <αὐτὸν> δυναμένων· ὅθεν καὶ εἰς γνῶσιν ἑαυτοῦ τισιν προάγειν βουλόμενος, καὶ ὅτι ἔστιν δεῖξαι θέλων, ἐδημιούργησεν, ἐν γνωστὸν παρασχεῖν ἑαυτόν... τὸ μὲν οὖν λοιπὸν τοῦ κόσμου σύστημα διὰ τὸν ἄνθρωπον γεγονέναι φημί, πρὸς ὑπηρεσίαν τῶν ἀναγκαίων αὐτῷ, <τὸν δὲ ἄνθρωπον δι αὐτὸν τὸν θεόν,> ὅπως δοξάζῃ τὸν δεσπότην, <καὶ> ὅπως τὸ ἀγαθὸν εἴς τινας ἐνεργήσῃ τοῦ θεοῦ
Besides these things, if God had not made the world come into being, He would from the first have been unknown that He is God, there being none able to know Him. Hence, wishing also to lead some forward into the knowledge of Himself, and willing to show that He exists, He created, that in it He might furnish Himself as knowable. The rest of the world's system, then, I say came into being for the sake of man, for the service of his needs; but man for the sake of God Himself, that he might glorify the Master, and that God might exercise His goodness toward some.
除這些之外,神若不曾使世界存在,祂從起初便無人知曉祂是神,因沒有能認識祂的對象。因此,祂既願意引領一些對象進入對祂自己的認識,又願意顯明祂是實有的,便創造了,叫祂可以在其中將自己顯為可被認識的。所以我說,這世界其餘的構成,乃是為著人而有的,為要供應他的需用;至於人,則是為著神自己,叫他可以榮耀那主宰,並叫神可以向一些對象施行祂的善。
2-22:9
ἐγὼ δὲ καὶ πρὶν δημιουργὸν γενέσθαι τὸν θεὸν τοῦ κόσμου τοῦδε, ἐφ οἷς ἔμελλεν ποιεῖν τέρπεσθαι <αὐτὸν> λέγω· οὐδὲ γὰρ ἤργει οὐδέποτε, τῷ λογισμῷ ἀνατυπούμενος ἐν ἑαυτῷ τὸ κάλλος αὐτοῦ τῆς τέχνης· διὰ τοῦτο δὲ αὐτῷ μηδέποτε τὴν ἐπιστήμην ἄχρηστον παρεῖναι λέγω, τὸ ἔργον αὐτῆς ἄνωθεν τῇ δυνάμει φ΄΄εροντος· ἀλλὰ μὴν οὐδὲ μάτην πρότερον αὐτὸν ἀγαθὸν εἶναι λέγω —, ö, ß ß, ß.,, ä
But I say that even before God became the Maker of this world, He took delight in the things He was about to make; for He was never idle, fashioning within Himself by His reasoning the beauty of His art. For this reason I say that the knowledge was never present with Him uselessly, His power bearing its work from above; nay, neither do I say that He was good in vain beforehand. [The remainder of the Greek is fragmentary.]
但我說,連在神作這世界的創造主以前,祂就以那將要造的喜樂了;因為祂從不閒置,乃是在自己裏面藉著祂的思維描繪出祂技藝的美。為這緣故我說,那知識從未曾無用地與祂同在,祂的能力從亙古就托負著它的作為;不但如此,我也不說祂在那以前是徒然為善的。〔其餘希臘原文殘缺。〕
2-22:10
Μηδὲν τοιγαροῦν, ἄνθρωπε, αὐτοσύστατον εἶναι λέγε <σὺν> τῷ θεῷ μηδὲ τὸ μέγιστον αὐτοῦ τῆς δυνάμεως περιαιρεῖσθαι θέλε· πᾶσιν τὸ εἶναι αὐτὸς παρέσχεν, οὐκ οὖσιν πρότερον, οὐδὲ τὴν σύστασιν ἀνάρχως ἔχουσιν. τί τεχνίτην μόνον θέλεις εἶναι τὸν θεόν; τί τὴν δωρεὰν αὐτοῦ παριτῇ, ὡς τέχνην καὶ μόνην τῇ ὕλῃ χαρισάμενον, οὐχὶ δὲ καὶ τὴν τοῦ εἶναι σύστασιν
Therefore, O man, do not say that anything is self-subsistent alongside God, nor wish to strip away the greatest part of His power. He Himself granted being to all things that were not present before, nor possessed a constitution without beginning. Why do you wish God to be only a craftsman? Why do you pass over His gift, as though He bestowed art alone upon matter, and not also the very constitution of being?
所以,人哪,不要說有什麼是與神並列、自有自存的,也不要想要剝奪祂能力中至大的那一分。萬物的存在乃是祂親自賜的,這些萬物原本並不存在,也不是無始就有其根基的。你為何只願神作一個匠人?你為何越過了祂的恩賜,好像祂只將技藝賜給物質,卻沒有把存在的根基也賜下?
2-22:11
οὐκ ἦν σύγχρονόν τι τῷ θεῷ· οὐδὲ ποθὲν ταῦτα λαβὼν ἐδημιο΄τργησεν αὐτός· οὐδὲ τὸν νῦν ἄνθρωπον πρότερον ἐμιμήσατο· κρείττων αὐτός ἐστιν τῆς ἀνθρωπίνης φύσεως· οὐ σχημάτων μόνον γέγονεν ποιητής, οὐδὲ τὴν οὖσαν αὐτῷ <οὐσίαν> εἰς οὐσίαν συνεκέρασεν· αὐτὸς <γάρ>ἐστιν καὶ τῶν οὐσιῶν <πασῶν> δημιουργός.— ß ä ä, ö ö ä
There was nothing coeval with God; nor did He create by taking these things from anywhere; nor did He first imitate the man who now is. He Himself is greater than human nature. He became not the maker of forms only, nor did He merely blend an already-existing substance into substance; for He Himself is the Creator of all substances also. [The remainder of the Greek is fragmentary.]
沒有任何物是與神同時並存的;祂也不是從別處取了這些材料才創造的;祂也沒有先去仿效那如今才有的人。祂自己乃是高過人性的。祂不單作了那些形狀的造作者,也不是僅僅將一個已有的本質摻合成本質;因為祂自己乃是萬有本質的創造主。〔其餘希臘原文殘缺。〕
← ch. 2-19ch. 3-1 →
1-11-21-31-41-51-61-71-81-91-101-112-12-22-32-42-52-62-72-82-92-102-112-122-132-152-162-172-182-192-223-13-23-33-43-53-63-73-83-93-103-113-124-14-24-34-44-55-15-25-35-45-55-65-75-85-95-105-115-125-135-145-155-165-175-185-195-205-215-225-235-245-25