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Peter Chrysologus

Sermons 47

Latin original · 12 verses · some words can be tapped for a gloss

← ch. 46ch. 48 →
47:1
{ Doctoris officium est lecta disserere, et mysticis obscurata sensibus lucido astruere et demonstrare sermone, ne minor intelligentia inde perniciem generet auditori, unde scicntiam conferre debuit et potuit salutarem. Hæc est igitur hodiernae consonantia lectionis Et respondens unus de turba, dixit: Magister attuli filium meum habentem spiritum surdum et mutum (Marc. IX). Non dixit, Attuli filium meum surdum et mutum, sed, Attulifilium meum a habentem spiritum surdum et mutum. Numquid nequitia spiritalis humanis distinguitur membris, et sensibus angustatur humanis,ut debilitatesnostras,nostras perferatpassiones;
It is the office of a teacher to expound what has been read, and by lucid discourse to build up and demonstrate the things obscured by mystical meanings, lest a lesser understanding should breed ruin for the hearer from that very source whence it ought—and was able—to confer saving knowledge. This, then, is the harmony of today's reading: 'And answering, one of the crowd said: Master, I have brought my son, who has a deaf and mute spirit' (Mark 9). He did not say, 'I have brought my deaf and mute son,' but, 'I have brought my son, who has a deaf and mute spirit.' Is spiritual wickedness, then, distinguished by human members and confined by human senses, so that it endures our infirmities and bears our sufferings;
教師的職責,是講解所誦讀的內容,並以清晰的言論建立、闡明那些被神秘意義所遮蔽的事,免得較低淺的理解,反倒從那本應且本能賦予救恩之知的源頭,為聽者滋生禍害。那麼,這便是今日誦讀的一致之處:「群眾中有一人回答說:師傅,我把附著又聾又啞之靈的兒子帶來了」(谷九)。他沒有說:「我把又聾又啞的兒子帶來了」,而是說:「我把附著又聾又啞之靈的兒子帶來了。」難道屬靈的邪惡竟由人的肢體來區分、被人的感官所局限,以致要承受我們的虛弱、擔負我們的苦楚;
47:2
nec videre possit, nisi fenestris oculorum, et foraminibusauriumcapere auditum; sermonem linguæ autoris officio proferre,et per hoc surdi mutique statum miserabilemsustinere,cum tenuis etaereanatura carnem nesciat, refutet ossa,velutaura spirans orbem totum b temporistranseat in momento,diversas species assumat, varias mutetur in formas,corda penetret, illudat animabus, inspiretimpias et turpissimas cogitationes, nec unde veniat aut quo redeat sentiatur, ac sic innocuas mentes, velut jaculum volans, lethali vulnere et tota facilitate transverberet ? Parum esset si hoc pater solus sua supplicatione dmsset,cum dixit:
so that it can see only through the windows of the eyes, and receive hearing only through the openings of the ears; utter speech by means of the tongue's office, and through this endure the wretched state of the deaf and mute—when in fact a nature so tenuous and airy knows nothing of flesh, disdains bones, and, like a breath of air, passes over the whole globe in a moment of time, takes on diverse appearances, is changed into varied forms, penetrates hearts, deludes souls, breathes in impious and most shameful thoughts, and is felt neither whence it comes nor whither it returns, and thus, like a flying dart, pierces through innocent minds with a deadly wound and with utter ease? It would be too little if the father alone had said this by his petition, when he said:
以致牠只能藉眼睛的窗戶看見,藉耳朵的孔穴接收聽覺;藉舌頭的功能發出言語,並藉此忍受又聾又啞者的可憐境況——其實那如此稀薄、如此空靈的本性,全然不識肉體,鄙棄骨骼,如同一股氣息,在片刻之間掠過整個世界,取用種種樣貌,變化為各樣形態,穿透人心,迷惑靈魂,吹入不虔、最可恥的念頭,人既不覺牠從何而來,也不覺牠往何而去,就這樣如飛箭一般,以致命的創傷、以極其輕易的方式,貫穿無辜的心靈?倘若只有父親藉他的祈求說了這話,那就太不足了,他說:
47:3
Attulifilium meum habentem spiritum surdum et mutum, nisi Dominus ipse immundum spiritum tali increpatione depulisset:Surde et mute spiritus, ego praecipio tibi,exi ab eo. Sed j am quæ ad solutionem quaestionis pertinent prosequamur. Deus qui daemones est c perpetuo|crematurus incendio,qui jam eos,et in praesentia astringitvinculis, angit cruciatibus, urgetpoenis, potest et cum jusserit tota debilitate truncare, atque eo modo quo vident, quo audiunt, quo loquuntur, cæcos reddere,surdos et mutos facere ne loquantur. Sed in hoc loco quid diabolus homini fecerit declaretur.
'I have brought my son, who has a deaf and mute spirit,' had not the Lord Himself driven off the unclean spirit with this rebuke: 'Deaf and mute spirit, I command thee, go out of him.' But let us now pursue the things that pertain to the resolution of the question. God, who is to burn the demons with perpetual fire, who even now, in the present, binds them with chains, racks them with torments, presses them with penalties, is able also, when He commands, to maim them with utter helplessness, and in that very mode by which they see, by which they hear, by which they speak, to render them blind, to make them deaf and mute so that they cannot speak. But in this passage let it be declared what the devil did to the man.
「我把附著又聾又啞之靈的兒子帶來了」,倘若不是主親自以這斥責驅逐那不潔之靈:「聾啞的靈,我命令你,從他身上出去。」如今讓我們追究與解答這問題有關的事。天主要用永火焚燒邪魔,甚至如今、在現世也用鎖鏈捆綁牠們,用酷刑折磨牠們,用刑罰逼迫牠們;祂也能,當祂命令時,以全然的無能使牠們殘廢,並正藉著牠們藉以看見、藉以聽聞、藉以言語的那機能,使牠們瞎眼,使牠們又聾又啞而不能言語。但在這段經文中,且讓我們說明魔鬼對那人做了什麼。
47:4
a Antiquus refuga,ubi Deum terris reperit advenisse, obstruxit aures hominum, vinxit linguam, et obseratis humanis sensus foribus, speluncæ suae latebram pectus fecit et paravit humanum: æstimans quod illuc auditus verbi, virtus divini nominis non vemret: simul, ut est dolosus et caJlidus, patrem capere parentesquetali se credidit decipere figmento, ut desperarent curari posse eum qui audire nec poterat nec fari; et ut quod erat diabolici operis, esse crederent debililatis humanae, deputarent pignori, ascriberent naturæ, quod intulerathostis inclusus.Denique, sicut Matthaeus de eodem refert, et alia simulatione istius miseri fefelleratpatrem; nam sibi sic supplicat:
The ancient fugitive, when he found that God had come to the earth, stopped up the man's ears, bound his tongue, and, having barred the doors of the human senses, made and prepared the human breast as the hiding-place of his den; reckoning that thither the hearing of the word, the power of the divine Name, would not come. At the same time, crafty and cunning as he is, he believed he was ensnaring the father and deceiving the parents by such a fabrication, that they might despair of one being able to be cured who could neither hear nor speak; and that they might believe to be a matter of human infirmity what was in truth the work of the devil, and impute to the natural pledge, ascribe to nature, what the enclosed enemy had brought in. And so, as Matthew relates concerning the same, he had also deceived the father by another pretense of this wretched one; for he supplicates thus for himself:
那古老的逃亡者,當他發覺天主已來到大地時,便堵塞那人的耳朵,捆綁他的舌頭,並且封閉了人感官的門戶,把人的胸膛造成、預備成他洞穴的藏匿之所;他盤算著:道的聽聞、神聖之名的能力必不會抵達那裡。同時,他既狡猾又詭詐,便自以為藉這樣的捏造誘捕父親、欺騙父母,好叫他們對這既不能聽也不能言者能否得治癒感到絕望;並叫他們把那本是魔鬼之工的,信以為是人的虛弱,把那被禁閉的仇敵所帶入的,歸給天生的稟賦,歸諸本性。於是,正如瑪竇論及同一事所記述的,他也藉這可憐者的另一種偽裝欺瞞了父親;因他這樣為自己懇求:
47:5
Domine, miserere filii mei, quia lunaticus est, male torquetur (Matth. xvu). Aut humancenaturae aut coelestis elementi dæmon, e quod suae artis fuerat, voluit tunc videri, aptans f lunae cursibus hominis passiones; vexabat corpus lunaribus incrementis, ut esselunee crederent, quod erat diabolici criminis et furoris. g Sic homines illusit, circum venit ignaros, infama vit apud desides creaturam, quæ h lumini tantum condita i laedere nescit hominis quoscontinuamagisjuvare cogiturservitute. Verum posteaquam venit occultorum cognitor, inspector validissimus secretorum, cui latentia diaboli non poterunt J obviare figmenta, adducitur puer sanandus praeceptione divina;
'Lord, have mercy on my son, for he is a lunatic and is grievously tormented' (Matt. 17). The demon wished then to seem to be a matter either of human nature or of a heavenly element—whatever suited his art—fitting the sufferings of the man to the courses of the moon; he vexed the body at the moon's waxings, that they might believe to be the moon's doing what was in truth of the devil's crime and fury. Thus he deluded men, circumvented the ignorant, defamed before the idle that creature which, made only for light, knows not how to harm men, whom it is rather compelled by continual service always to aid. But after the Knower of hidden things came, the most powerful Inspector of secrets, whom the devil's lurking fabrications could not oppose, the boy is brought to be healed by the divine command;
「主,可憐我的兒子罷,他患癲癇病,極其痛苦」(瑪十七)。那邪魔當時願被看作或是出於人性、或是出於天體的一種現象——凡合乎他技倆的皆可——把那人的苦楚配合月亮的運行;他在月盈時折磨那身體,好叫人相信那本是魔鬼罪行與狂暴之事,乃是月亮所為。他就這樣迷惑世人,蒙蔽無知者,在懶散者面前詆毀那受造之物——那月亮惟為發光而造,不知如何傷害人,反倒被連續的服役所迫,總要助佑人。然而,當那知曉隱秘者、那洞察隱秘至為有力的鑒察者來到——魔鬼潛伏的捏造在祂面前無所遁形——那孩子便照神聖的命令被領來受醫治;
47:6
ut quidquid diabolus vinxerat, solveretur a Christo. Egit, egit inimicus, ut hoc quod videbatur, esset naturae. Sed quare discipuli non potuerunt ejicere eum ? Quia hic homo gentilis populi producitur in figuram: siquidemgentilis populus juxta Apostolum,habebat spiritum aeris hujus. A eris, inquit, spiritus, qui nunc operatur in k filiis diffidentiæ (Ephes. n). Hic ergo erat surdus et mutus, qui nec audire legem poterat, nec Deum poterat confiteri, sed in igne gehennæ, et aquas amari sempergurgitisjactabatur; nec poterat a discipulis, vel ullo homine sanari, quia Christus olim auditusfidei, confessio salutis, gentium redemptio dicebatur et vita.
so that whatever the devil had bound might be loosed by Christ. The enemy strove and strove that this which was seen might be of nature. But why could the disciples not cast it out? Because this man is brought forward as a figure of the Gentile people; for the Gentile people, according to the Apostle, had the spirit of this air. 'The spirit,' he says, 'of the air, which now works in the sons of unbelief' (Eph. 2). This man, then, was deaf and mute, who could neither hear the law nor could confess God, but was cast into the fire of Gehenna and the waters of the ever-bitter whirlpool; nor could he be healed by the disciples or by any man, because Christ was of old called the hearing of faith, the confession of salvation, the redemption of the nations, and life.
好叫魔鬼所捆綁的一切,都由基督予以釋放。仇敵竭力再三,要使這眼見之事出於本性。但門徒為何不能把牠趕出去?因為這人被引出來,作為外邦人的預像;因為按宗徒所說,外邦人具有「這空中的靈」。他說:「那空中的靈,如今在悖逆之子身上運行」(弗二)。這人便是又聾又啞的,他既不能聽從法律,也不能宣認天主,反被投入地獄的火中、投入常苦漩渦的水裡;他不能被門徒或任何人醫治,因為基督自古被稱為信德的聽聞、救恩的宣認、萬民的救贖與生命。
47:7
Denique ubi imperio Christi fugatus est diabolus.patescunt clausa, vincula solvuntur, sermo redditur, auditus redit, homo reparatur,et solus diabolus defletdiuturna se possessione detrusum. Hine est quod % veniens ex gentibus a impositione manus et b exorcismis ante a dæmone purgatur, etc aperitionem aurium percipit, ut fidei capere possit auditum,utpossit ad salutem prosequente Domino pervenire. Beati pacifici, ait evanpelista, charissimi, quia ipsi filii Dei vocabuntur (Matth.v). Merito Christianæ virtutes virescunt in eo qui unanimitatem Christianae habet pacis, nec pervenitur ad vocabulum filii Dei, nisi per nomen pacifici.
In the end, when the devil was put to flight by the command of Christ, the closed things are opened, the bonds are loosed, speech is restored, hearing returns, the man is repaired, and the devil alone bewails himself thrust out from a long-held possession. Hence it is that one coming from among the Gentiles is, by the laying on of the hand and by exorcisms, first purged of the demon, and receives the opening of the ears, that he may be able to grasp the hearing of faith, that he may be able, with the Lord's guidance, to attain unto salvation. 'Blessed are the peacemakers,' says the evangelist, dearly beloved, 'for they shall be called the sons of God' (Matt. 5). Deservedly do Christian virtues flourish in him who has the unanimity of Christian peace; nor is one reached to the title of son of God except through the name of peacemaker.
到頭來,當魔鬼被基督的命令逐出時,閉塞的便開通,捆綁的便鬆解,言語得以恢復,聽覺得以回復,人得以修復,惟有魔鬼哀嘆自己從長久盤據的據點被逐出。因此,凡從外邦人中前來的,先藉覆手與驅魔而潔除邪魔,並領受耳朵的開通,好使他能領悟信德的聽聞,能在主的引導下抵達救恩。至愛的諸位,福音史家說:「締造和平的人是有福的,因為他們要稱為天主的子女」(瑪五)。凡懷有基督和平之同心的人,基督的德行理當在他身上茁壯;除非藉締造和平者之名,人便無法達到天主子女的稱號。
47:8
Pax est, charissimi, quæ spoliat hominem servitute, dat nomen ingenuum, mutat apud Deum cum conditionepersonam,ex famulo filium, liherum facit ex servo. Pax fratrum voluntas est Dei, jucunditas Christi, perfectio est sanctitatis, justitiae regula, magistra doctrinæ, morum custodia, atque in rebus omnibus laudabilis disciplina.Pax suffragium precum est,supplicationum facilis, atque impetrabilis via, desideriorum omnium competens plenitudo. Pax dilectionis mater est, concordiæ vinculum, ac puræ mentis indicium manifestum, quaesibiexigitdeDeoquod velit; quae quidquid voluerit, petit; quidquid petierit, sumit. Pax præceptis regalibus conservandaest,ipso Domino Christodicente:
Peace, dearly beloved, is that which strips a man of servitude, gives him the name of the freeborn, changes his person before God together with his condition, from a servant makes him a son, from a slave makes him free. The peace of brethren is the will of God, the delight of Christ, the perfection of holiness, the rule of justice, the mistress of doctrine, the guardian of morals, and in all things a praiseworthy discipline. Peace is the support of prayers, the easy and effectual way of supplications, the fitting fullness of all desires. Peace is the mother of love, the bond of concord, and the manifest token of a pure mind, which demands of God for itself what it will; which, whatsoever it has willed, asks; whatsoever it has asked, receives. Peace is to be kept by the royal precepts, the Lord Christ Himself saying:
至愛的諸位,和平就是那剝去人奴役、賜他自由生者之名、在天主前連同其身分一同改變其位格、把僕人變為兒子、把奴隸變為自由人的。弟兄間的和平乃是天主的旨意、基督的喜樂、聖德的成全、正義的準則、道理的師傅、品行的守護,並在一切事上是可讚美的訓練。和平是祈禱的助力,是懇求既容易又有效的途徑,是一切願望恰當的充盈。和平是愛的母親,是和諧的聯結,是純潔心靈明顯的標記;它向天主為自己求它所願的;凡它所願的,它便求;凡它所求的,它便得。和平當藉王者的誡命而持守,主基督親自說:
47:9
Pacem relinquo vobis, pacem meamdo vobis (Joan. XIV); hoc est dicere In pace vos dimisi, in pace vos inveniam: proficiscens voluit dare quod desiderabatrediensin omnibus invenire.Coeleste mandatum estservare quod dedit: una vox est, inveniam quoddimisi. Plantare pacem radicitus est Dei; evellere penitus, inimici. Nam sicut amor fraternitatis ex Deo est, ita odium ex diabolo; quapropter damnanda suntodia, quoniam scriptum est: Qui odit fratrem suum, homicida est (I Joan. 3). Videtis ergo, fratres dilectissim, quare pax amanda est, et diligenda concordia; ista suntenim quæ generant et nutriunt charitatem. Scitis autem,secundum apostolum, quia charitatas ex Deo est (I Joan. IV);
'Peace I leave with you, My peace I give to you' (John 14); this is to say: I have left you in peace, in peace I shall find you again. Setting out, He willed to give what He desired, on returning, to find in all. It is a heavenly command to keep what He gave: it is one voice: I shall find what I left. To plant peace by the roots is God's work; to tear it out utterly, the enemy's. For as the love of brotherhood is from God, so hatred is from the devil; wherefore hatreds are to be condemned, since it is written: 'He who hates his brother is a murderer' (1 John 3). You see, then, most beloved brethren, why peace is to be loved and concord to be cherished; for these are the things that beget and nourish charity. And you know, according to the Apostle, that charity is from God (1 John 4);
「我把平安留給你們,我把我的平安賜給你們」(若十四);這就是說:我曾在平安中撇下你們,我要在平安中重新尋見你們。祂啟程時,願賜下祂所渴望的;祂回來時,願在眾人身上尋見的。持守祂所賜的乃是天上的命令:這是同一個聲音——我要尋見我所留下的。從根上栽種和平是天主之工;把它徹底拔除是仇敵之工。因為弟兄之愛既出於天主,仇恨便出於魔鬼;為此,仇恨當受譴責,因為經上記載:「凡惱恨自己弟兄的,便是殺人的」(若一書三)。至愛的弟兄們,你們由此看見,何以和平當受愛慕、和諧當受珍惜;因為這些正是滋生並養育愛德的。你們也曉得,按宗徒所說,愛德是出於天主的(若一書四);
47:10
sine Deo ergo est, qui non habet charitatem. Pax plebis charissimi est gloria sacerdotis, et pacis plena lætitia est perfeclacharitas filiorum. Sacerdotisestadmonere quod decet, plebisest audire quod monet; quidquid non licet, pastoris est prohibere, gregis audire ac velle ne fiat: utraque si conveniant, salva sunt omnia: nec Deus invenit in plebe quod puniat,nec sacerdos potest habere quod doleat. Servemus ergo, fratres, mandata, quae vitæ sunt; teneat se profundae pacis nexibuscolligatafraternitas, et salutari vinculo charitatis mutua se dilectione constringat, quæ operit multitudinem peccatorum. Dilectio ergo omnibus desideriis amplectenda est, quæ tot bonapotesthabere quotpraemia.
without God, therefore, is he who has not charity. The peace of the people, dearly beloved, is the glory of the priest, and the joy full of peace is the perfect charity of the children. It is the priest's part to admonish what is fitting, the people's part to hear what he admonishes; whatever is not lawful, it is the shepherd's part to forbid, the flock's part to hear and to will that it be not done: if both agree, all things are safe; neither does God find in the people what He may punish, nor can the priest have anything for which to grieve. Let us therefore keep, brethren, the commandments, which are life; let the brotherhood, bound together, hold itself in the bonds of profound peace, and in the saving bond of charity let it bind itself fast in mutual love, which covers a multitude of sins. Love, therefore, is to be embraced with all desires, which can have as many good things as it has rewards.
因此,凡沒有愛德的,便是沒有天主的。至愛的諸位,民眾的和平乃是司祭的榮耀,而充滿和平的喜樂乃是子女成全的愛德。勸誡合宜之事是司祭的本分,聆聽他所勸誡的是民眾的本分;凡不合法的,禁止乃是牧者的本分,聆聽並願其不成乃是羊群的本分:二者若相合,則萬事平安無虞;天主既在民眾中找不到可懲罰的,司祭也無可憂傷的。所以,弟兄們,讓我們持守那些即是生命的誡命;讓聯結一起的弟兄情誼,把自己維繫在深邃和平的聯結之中,並在愛德救恩的聯結裡,以彼此的相愛牢牢自縛——那愛德遮蓋許多罪過。所以,愛當以一切願望去擁抱,它能擁有的美善有多少,賞報便有多少。
47:11
Custodienda præ omnibus virtutibus pax est, quoniam Deus semper in pace est. Locum non demus inimico, ne intritici segete valeat seminare zizania, et, securo jam rustico, et spe longi laboris eluso, exspectatos fructus ipsa messis maturitate perdat; aut vinum vetustate suave in liquorem perfidiæ demutatum infusa faecis permixtione conturbet; autinter dulcia mella felle venena amariora confundat. Procul contentiones, procul lites, procul maledicta mittantur: et quia laqueus est mortis linguasusurronis et bilinguis, parcat unusquisque animæ suae, ne in supplicium suum vincula sibi mortis innectat. Amate pacem, et tranquilla sunt omnia:
Peace is to be guarded above all virtues, since God is ever in peace. Let us give no place to the enemy, lest amid the crop of wheat he be able to sow tares, and, once the farmer is off his guard and cheated of the hope of long labor, the very harvest lose its expected fruits at the ripeness of the reaping; or lest the wine, sweet with age, changed into the liquor of treachery by an infusion of poured-in dregs, be thrown into disorder; or lest amid sweet honey it confound poisons more bitter than gall. Far off let contentions, far off let quarrels, far off let curses be cast; and because the tongue of the whisperer and the double-tongued is a snare of death, let each one spare his own soul, lest for his own punishment he weave for himself the bonds of death. Love peace, and all things are tranquil:
和平當在一切德行之上受守護,因為天主常在平安中。讓我們不給仇敵留地步,免得他在麥子的莊稼中得以撒下莠子;一旦農夫失了防備、被長久勞作的指望所欺,收成便在收割成熟之際失去所期盼的果實;或免得那因年久而甘美的酒,被傾入的渣滓摻雜、變為背信的濁液而攪亂;或免得他在甘甜的蜜中摻入比膽汁更苦的毒。願爭競遠離、爭吵遠離、咒罵遠離;又因為進讒者與兩舌者的舌頭是死亡的網羅,願各人愛惜自己的靈魂,免得為自己的刑罰替自己編織死亡的鎖鏈。要愛和平,萬事便都安寧:
47:12
ut et nobis praemia, et vobis gaudia reservetis, ut Ecclesia Dei in pacis unitate fundata, perfectam in Christo teneat disciplinam.
that you may reserve both rewards for us and joys for yourselves, so that the Church of God, founded in the unity of peace, may hold perfect discipline in Christ.
好使你們為我們保留賞報,也為你們自己保留喜樂,好使天主的教會,建基於和平的合一之中,在基督內持守成全的訓練。
← ch. 46ch. 48 →
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