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Peter Chrysologus

Sermons 106 part 2/2

Latin original · 8 verses · some words can be tapped for a gloss · long chapter, split into parts; this part covers 106:40–106:47 (47 verses in all)

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106:40
Sicipsum Filium Deiin hominis filio venientem cum cœli nubibus intuetur, i ut ignotum ante tantis perfidis Christum, fidelibus notum semper fuisse cognoscat. Si toties Deus ab hominibus In figura hominis videtur, quid est quod Judæus modo hominem videns Christum, sic exasperatur,nisi forte figura,honor,veritas,putaturinjuria? Retulit evangelista hodie Christum dixisse: Si quis sermonem meum servaverit, non videbit mortem in æternum (Joan. vm). Ad quod verbum responderunt Judæi: Nunc cognovimus quia damonium habes:Abraham pater noster mortuus est et prophetæ; et tu dicis:St quis sermonem meum servaverit, non gustabit mortem in œternum.
Thus he beholds the very Son of God coming as a Son of Man with the clouds of heaven, that he might know that Christ, unknown before to so many faithless ones, has ever been known to the faithful. If God is so often seen by men in the figure of a man, what is it that, when the Jew now sees Christ as a man, he is so enraged, unless perhaps the figure, the honour, the truth is reckoned an injury? The Evangelist has told us today that Christ said: 'If anyone keeps My word, he shall never see death forever' (John 8). To which word the Jews answered: 'Now we know that You have a demon: Abraham our father is dead, and the prophets; and You say: If anyone keeps My word, he shall not taste death forever.'
他也如此看見神的兒子親自作為人子駕著天上的雲彩而來,使他能知道:從前那位為眾多不信者所不認識的基督,卻始終為信徒所認識。既然神如此屢次以人的形象被人所見,那麼當猶太人如今看見基督為人時,為何竟如此惱怒,難道那形象、那尊榮、那真理竟被當作侮辱?福音書作者今天告訴我們,基督曾說:「人若遵守我的道,就永遠不見死」(約翰福音八章)。猶太人對這話回答說:「現在我們知道你是被鬼附著的。亞伯拉罕我們的祖宗死了,眾先知也死了;你還說:人若遵守我的道,就永遠不嘗死味。」
106:41
Numquid tu major es patre nostro A braham f Quem teipsum facis ? Omnes perfidia qualiter excepit! o qualiter oculos claudit livor ! quantum indicium cordis nequitia præjudicata confundit! o quam dure amputat obstinatio rationem!sensus humanus perversus audire non potest,quod semel statuit odisse, malis bonitas exosa, justitia injustis inimica. Hinc est quod homines mendaces cognoscere nequeunt veritatem, judex animus invenire verum non potest inter nuntia falsitatum. Quod vult,non quod est, audit semper,qui decrevit errare. Dixerat Christus:Siquis sermonem meum servaverit,mortem non videbit in œternum. Judæus non discutit audita, interpretari sibi dicta non quærit:
'Are You greater than our father Abraham? Whom do You make Yourself?' O how faithlessness received it all! O how envy shuts its eyes! How greatly does a wickedness prejudged confound the testimony of the heart! O how harshly does obstinacy cut off reason! The perverted human mind cannot bear to hear what it has once resolved to hate: goodness is odious to the wicked, justice is an enemy to the unjust. Hence it is that lying men cannot recognize the truth, and a mind set up as judge cannot find what is true among the messengers of falsehood. He who has determined to err always hears what he wishes, not what is. Christ had said: 'If anyone keeps My word, he shall not see death forever.' The Jew does not weigh what he has heard, nor seek to interpret for himself what has been said:
「你比我們的祖宗亞伯拉罕還大嗎?你將自己當作甚麼人?」啊,這一切不信是怎樣地領受的!啊,嫉妒是怎樣地閉上眼睛!那預存的惡念是何等地攪亂了內心的見證!啊,頑梗是何等嚴酷地砍斷了理性!那被扭曲的人心不能忍受聽見它一旦決意仇恨的事:善良為惡人所憎惡,公義為不義者所敵視。因此,說謊的人不能認識真理,那自立為審判官的心思,在虛謊的信使當中無法尋見真實。凡決意行差路的人,總是聽見他所願聽的,而非那真實的。基督曾說:「人若遵守我的道,就永遠不見死。」猶太人卻不斟酌所聽見的,也不設法為自己解釋所說的話:
106:42
quo ipse impossibile aestimat,exigitut ille astruat qui promittit; sed moxde conceptu mentisblasphemiamparturit,serit injurias,maledicta diffundit,et auctoritatem dicentis ita contumeliis vacuare nititur,ut et aeterna dare posse mortalibus non credatur,qui sic humanis videtur subjacere. Nunc scimus quoniam dœmonium habes. Dæmon mali auctor, mala promittit, non bona; occidere, non vivificare consuevit;nec vult æternos esse homines, quos nectemporales esse permittit. Ergo non est dæmon, b sed Deus est Christus, qui redonat quam donaverat vitam, et verbo suo æternos facit homines, quos diabolus persuasione sua fecerat temporales. Abraham, inquit, mortuus est et propheta, et tu dicis:
he demands that the one who promises should prove what he himself deems impossible; but presently, from the conception of his mind, he gives birth to blasphemy, sows insults, spreads abroad curses, and strives so to empty the authority of the Speaker with his revilings, that He who seems thus to lie subject to human things is not even believed able to give eternal things to mortals. 'Now we know that You have a demon.' The demon, author of evil, promises evils, not goods; he is wont to kill, not to give life; nor does he wish men to be eternal, whom he does not even permit to be temporal. Therefore Christ is no demon, but God, who gives back the life He had given, and by His word makes eternal those men whom the devil by his persuasion had made temporal. 'Abraham,' he says, 'is dead, and the prophets, and You say:'
他反倒要求那作應許者去證明他自己所認為不可能的事;然而他立刻從內心的構思中生出褻瀆,散播侮辱,四處傳布咒詛,竭力用惡言貶損那說話者的權柄,以致那位看似如此屈服於屬人之事的主,竟連將永恆之物賜予必死之人的能力也不被相信。「現在我們知道你是被鬼附著的。」那惡的元凶——魔鬼——所應許的是禍患,而非福祉;牠慣於殺害,而不使人得生;牠也不願人得永恆,因牠連使人得暫時的存在都不容許。所以基督絕非鬼魔,乃是神,祂將所賜的生命再賜回,並以祂的話語使那些被魔鬼藉其誘惑弄成暫時的人成為永恆。他說:「亞伯拉罕死了,眾先知也死了,你還說:」
106:43
Si quis sermonem meum servaverit,mortemnon videbit in æternum. Audiatfidelis,ut fide revelante cognoscatquod infidelis nescit audire, quod videre non potest qui semet incredulitatis demersit obscuro. Dixit Christus: Mortem non videbit. Obstinatio tua, Judaee, merito dicere falsitatem quærit. Abraham et prophetae verbum audientes tenaciter servaverunt, sed tamen mortui sunt, sed non in æternum. Ergo cum dicit: Mortem non videbit, et addidit In æternum, c resurrectionem promittit, non temporaliter negat esse morituros. Judæe quos mors in praesenti sæculo faciebat non esse, nos resurrectio perpetuos reficit in futurum.Audi apertius hoc dicentem:
'If anyone keeps My word, he shall not see death forever.' Let the faithful hear, that by faith's revealing he may know what the unfaithful cannot hear, what he cannot see who has plunged himself into the darkness of unbelief. Christ said: 'He shall not see death.' Your obstinacy, O Jew, deservedly seeks to speak falsehood. Abraham and the prophets, hearing the word, kept it steadfastly, yet they died; but not forever. Therefore when He says: 'He shall not see death,' and adds 'forever,' He promises resurrection; He does not deny that they are to die in time. O Jew, us whom death was making not-to-be in the present age, the resurrection restores as everlasting for the age to come. Hear Him say this more plainly:
「人若遵守我的道,就永遠不見死。」願信徒側耳而聽,好藉信心的啟示認識那不信者所不能聽的,那將自己投入不信黑暗中的人所不能看見的。基督說:「他必不見死。」猶太人哪,你的頑梗理所當然地要說謊。亞伯拉罕與眾先知聽了這道,堅定地遵守,然而他們死了;卻不是永遠的死。所以當祂說「他必不見死」,又加上「永遠」時,祂乃是應許復活;祂並非否認他們要在時間中死去。猶太人哪,我們這些曾被死亡在今世化為烏有的人,復活卻使我們在來世重獲永恆。你可聽祂更明白地說:
106:44
Omnis quicrediderit, non morietur in æternum, sed transibit de morte advitam (Joan. vet XI). Quomcdonon moritur ? Quia de morte transit ad vitam. Moritur ergo, moritur omnis qui nascitur de conditione mortali; sed vivit, et in æternum vivit, omnis qui renascitur de generatione vitali. Sed dico, qui potuit auferre mortem, quare hominem voluit transire per mortem ? gratior enim videtur medicus qui anticipat morbos, quam qui morbis igerit seram et non sine dolore medicinam. Judaee, fecisset et hoc medicus Christus, si medico ægrotus non fuisset ingratus. Ille et vitam dedit, et homini mortem venire praedixit: sed ille qui adversa non senserat, prospera servare nescivit.
'Everyone who believes shall not die forever, but shall pass from death to life' (John 5 and 11). How does he not die? Because he passes from death to life. He dies, then; everyone dies who is born of a mortal condition; but he lives, and lives forever, everyone who is born again of a life-giving generation. But I ask: He who could take away death, why did He will that man should pass through death? For the physician seems more welcome who forestalls diseases than he who applies to the diseases a late and painful medicine. O Jew, Christ the physician would have done even this, had not the sick man been ungrateful to the physician. He both gave life, and foretold to man that death would come; but that man, who had not felt adversity, knew not how to keep prosperity.
「凡信的人必不永遠死,反要出死入生」(約翰福音五章及十一章)。他怎樣不死呢?因他出死入生。所以他仍會死;凡由必死的境況所生的人都會死;但凡由那賜生命的重生而重新出生的人,卻活著,且永遠活著。然而我問:那能除去死亡的主,為何祂願意人要經過死亡呢?因為那預先防範疾病的醫生,似乎比那對疾病施以遲來且痛苦之藥的醫生更受歡迎。猶太人哪,若那病人不曾對醫生忘恩負義,基督這醫生連這事也會做的。祂既賜下生命,又預先告訴人死亡將要來到;但那不曾嘗過逆境的人,卻不知怎樣保守順境。
106:45
Вona, quam sintbona,scire,nisi malorum cognitione non possumus. Ergo magnificabitur Christus, qui et ante inhabitam vitam dedit, etperditammodoreddit: ethomo plus gnarus vitro, erit sibi cautior, erit plus gratus auctori.Numquid major es,inquit,patrenostro A braham f Plane major et tanto major, quantum servo dominus, quantum Deus homine, quantum factura factor,quantum vivificans mortua, d quantum suscitans suscitato. Respondit Jesus. Abraham exsultavit ut videret diem meum; vidit, et gavisus est. Ille, ut ostenderet vivere Abraham,dixit illum vidisse diem suum, id est e diem quo mundo natus est Christus. Dierum conditor non tenetur die, temporis auctor tempora nescit;
How good good things are, we cannot know except by the knowledge of evils. Therefore Christ shall be magnified, who both before gave the life not yet lived, and now restores the life that was lost; and man, made more knowing by comparison, will be more cautious for himself, and more grateful to his Author. 'Are You,' he says, 'greater than our father Abraham?' Plainly greater, and by as much greater as the master is above the servant, as God above man, as the maker above what is made, as He who gives life above what was dead, as He who raises above what is raised. Jesus answered: 'Abraham rejoiced that he might see My day; he saw it, and was glad.' In order to show that Abraham lives, He said that he saw His day, that is, the day on which Christ was born to the world. The Founder of days is not bound by a day; the Author of time knows no times;
美善之物是何等美好,我們唯有藉對惡事的認識才能知道。所以基督必被尊為大,祂既在先賜下那尚未度過的生命,如今又將失喪的生命再賜回;而人藉著比較變得更有見識,便會對自己更加謹慎,對他的創造者更加感恩。他說:「你比我們的祖宗亞伯拉罕還大嗎?」顯然是更大,其超越之大,正如主人之於僕人,如神之於人,如製造者之於受造之物,如賜生命者之於已死之物,如使人復活者之於被復活者。耶穌回答說:「亞伯拉罕歡歡喜喜地仰望要看見我的日子;他看見了,就快樂。」為要顯明亞伯拉罕仍活著,祂說亞伯拉罕看見了祂的日子,就是基督為世界降生的那日。眾日子的創立者不被一日所拘束;時間的創始者不識時光;
106:46
sed Christus propter hominem homo natus, et diem suscepit et tempus. Abraham exsultavit ut videret diem meum.Si Moyses et Elias in monte occurrunt, ut promissum conspicerent Christum, quomodo nec Abraham occurritad partum Yirginis, ut promissam benedictionem in gentibus, id est, in semine suo. patientissimus exspectator intenderet? Amen, amen, inquit, dico vobis quia ante Abraham ego sum. Si omnia per ipsum facta sunt, et sine ipso factum est nihil (Joan 1.), et hic est cui Pater dixit: Faciamus hominem ad imaginem et similitudinem nostra (Gen. 1), quomodo Abraham non vidit? Faciamus hominem ad imaginem, et similitudem nostram. Angelus et Deus,ut diversa est substantia, sic imago.
but Christ, born a man for man's sake, took upon Himself both a day and a time. 'Abraham rejoiced that he might see My day.' If Moses and Elijah meet Him upon the mountain, that they might behold Christ the promised one, how would not Abraham also, most patient of watchers, be intent upon the birth from the Virgin, that he might behold the promised blessing in the nations, that is, in his own seed? 'Amen, amen, I say to you,' He says, 'that before Abraham was, I am.' If all things were made through Him, and without Him was nothing made (John 1), and this is He to whom the Father said: 'Let Us make man to Our image and likeness' (Gen. 1), how did Abraham not see Him? 'Let Us make man to Our image and likeness.' As angel and God differ in substance, so do they in image.
但基督既為人而生為人,便承受了日子與時間。「亞伯拉罕歡歡喜喜地仰望要看見我的日子。」若摩西和以利亞在山上迎見祂,為要瞻仰那應許的基督,那麼亞伯拉罕——這最有耐心的守望者——豈不也會專注於那由童女而生的降生,好瞻仰那應許給萬國、即在他自己後裔中的祝福嗎?祂說:「我實實在在地告訴你們,還沒有亞伯拉罕,就有了我。」若萬物是藉著祂造的,凡被造的,沒有一樣不是藉著祂造的(約翰福音一章),且這位正是父對他說「我們要照著我們的形象、按著我們的樣式造人」(創世記一章)的那位,亞伯拉罕怎會看不見祂呢?「我們要照著我們的形象、按著我們的樣式造人。」天使與神既在本體上有別,在形象上也是如此。
106:47
f Ergo non nisi ad Filium loquitur Pater, cum dicit: Faciamus hominem ad imaginem et similitudinem nostram, quibus est imago eadem, eademque substantia. Tulerunt lapides, ut mitterent in illum. Et aedificantes turrem, ut altius caderent,ipsi sibi lapi des providerunt; et isti lapides, non ut Deum occiderent,sed unde se occiderent, miserabiles attulerunt. Jesus abscondit se. Non timens,sed ignoscens: Deus peccatorem cum fugit, parcit; Deus rebellem non vult perdere, cum declinat.
Therefore the Father speaks to none but the Son, when He says: 'Let Us make man to Our image and likeness,' for whom the image is the same and the substance the same. 'They took up stones to cast at Him.' And building a tower that they might fall the higher, they themselves provided stones for themselves; and these stones the wretched ones brought, not that they might kill God, but wherewith they might kill themselves. 'Jesus hid Himself.' Not through fear, but through forgiveness: when God flees the sinner, He spares him; God, when He turns aside, does not wish to destroy the rebel.
所以父除了對子以外,並不對任何別的說話,當祂說「我們要照著我們的形象、按著我們的樣式造人」時,對子而言,形象是同一的,本體也是同一的。「他們就拿起石頭要打祂」(約翰福音八章)。他們建造高塔,好使自己跌得更重,反倒為自己預備了石頭;這些石頭,那些可憐的人拿來,並非為要殺神,乃是為要殺害自己。「耶穌卻躲藏起來。」不是出於懼怕,乃是出於寬恕:神躲避罪人時,乃是憐惜他;神轉身離去時,並不願毀滅那悖逆者。
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