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Maximus of Turin

Sermons 75

Latin original · 8 verses · some words can be tapped for a gloss

← ch. 74ch. 76 →
75:1
261 Multos inter codices, quos nos ipsi versavimus, multosque, quos alii legerunt, pauci admodum.avent. sunt qui hanc homiliam complectantur, quique in auctore ejusdem indicando conveniant. Ciet enim homiliarius Lateranensis pag. 91 S. Ambrosio camdem tribuit. Codex Casinensis CXI pag. 180 S. At! Justino, Urbevetanus nemini. Verum antiquiores codices, ut Ambrosianus, Sangallensis homil. 10, S. Crucis in Jer. 90 homil. 10, et ejusdem S. Crucis 99 homil. 81, quemadmodum Vallicellanus xix pag. 47, perspicuum de S. Maximo testimonium præbent. Horum mss.
Among the many manuscripts which we ourselves have handled, and the many which others have read, there are very few indeed that contain this homily, and that agree in indicating its author. For the Lateran homiliary, page 91, ascribes it to St. Ambrose. The Cassinese codex 111, page 180, to St. Justin; the Orvieto codex to no one. But the more ancient codices, such as the Ambrosian, the St. Gall homily 10, the Holy Cross in Jerusalem 90 homily 10, and of the same Holy Cross 99 homily 81, as well as the Vallicellan 19 page 47, offer clear testimony to St. Maximus. Of these manuscript
在我們親自檢閱過的許多手抄本,以及別人讀過的許多手抄本之中,實在只有極少數收錄了這篇講道詞,並且在指明其作者上意見一致。因為拉特朗講道集第九十一頁把它歸於聖安波羅修;卡西諾抄本第一百一十一號第一百八十頁歸於聖猶斯定;奧爾維耶托抄本則不歸任何人。但較古老的抄本,如安波羅修抄本、聖加侖講道集第十篇、耶路撒冷聖十字架抄本第九十號講道第十篇、及同一聖十字架第九十九號講道第八十一篇,還有瓦利切拉抄本第十九號第四十七頁,都清楚地為聖瑪西模作證。這些手抄本的
75:2
librorum tanta est auctoritas, ut homilia a veteribus editionibus Parisiensi et Sixlina sit vindicanda, quibus sub Ambrosii nomine vulgata fuit, et S. Maximo restituenda. Præterire nolumus singularem titulum homilia; quem exhibet uterque codex S. Crucis in Jerusalem, nempe: Incipit de passione vel natali sanctorum martyrum Octovii, Adventii et Solutoris, quo ex titulo coujici potest de iisdem sanctis martyribus Taurinensibus Maximum plures orationes habuisse. Codex Sangallensis inscribit: De SS. OctaVio, Solutore et Adventio. Hanc homiliam, quæ sanctorum eorumdem continet laudationem, Taurini fuisse recitatam, nihil esse video causæ quamobrem esse quisquam dubitandum putet.
books have such great authority that the homily must be reclaimed from the old Parisian and Sixtine editions, in which it was published under the name of Ambrose, and restored to St. Maximus. We do not wish to pass over the singular title of the homily which both codices of Holy Cross in Jerusalem present, namely: 'Here begins concerning the passion or birthday of the holy martyrs Octavius, Adventius, and Solutor'; from which title it can be conjectured that Maximus delivered several orations concerning these same holy martyrs of Turin. The St. Gall codex inscribes it: 'Concerning SS. Octavius, Solutor, and Adventius.' That this homily, which contains the praise of these same saints, was recited at Turin, I see no reason why anyone should think it must be doubted.
這些抄本具有如此重大的權威,以致這篇講道詞必須從舊時的巴黎版與西斯篤版中收回——它曾以安波羅修之名在那些版本中出版——並歸還給聖瑪西模。我們不願略過耶路撒冷聖十字架兩份抄本所呈現的獨特標題,即:「聖殉道者奧大維、阿德文提、索路托爾之受難或聖辰記事於此開始」;由此標題可推斷瑪西模就這幾位都靈聖殉道者作過多篇講道。聖加侖抄本題為:「論聖奧大維、索路托爾與阿德文提」。這篇含有這幾位聖人頌詞的講道詞是在都靈誦讀的,我看不出有任何理由使人認為這一點應當懷疑。
75:3
Itaque lapsi sunt qui eam esse Ambrosio aut Augustino tribuendam existimarunt. A quonam autem, nisi a Malitne illius urbis episcopo habitam ducemus, cum et sermonis concinnitas, et locorum sacræ Scriptune adducendorum ratio sit plane Maximiana? Accedit editoruni Gymnici, Galesinii, Raynaudi et Margarini, eorumque qui de sanctis martyribus Taurinensibus egerunt consensio. In editis Gymnici et Raynaudi inscripta eadem homilia sic est: In natali sanctorum Tauricorum martyrum Octavii, Adventii es Solutoris; in Galesinii vero ac Margarini: In natali sanctorum Taurimensium martyrum Octavii, Adventii et Solutoris. Nos hosce postremos seculi sumus. Cum omnium SS.
Therefore those have erred who thought it should be attributed to Ambrose or Augustine. By whom, then, shall we hold it to have been delivered, unless by Maximus, bishop of that city, since both the elegance of the discourse and the manner of adducing passages of Holy Scripture are plainly Maximian? There is added the agreement of the editors Gymnicus, Galesinius, Raynaud, and Margarinus, and of those who have treated of the holy martyrs of Turin. In the editions of Gymnicus and Raynaud the same homily is inscribed thus: 'On the birthday of the holy Turinese martyrs Octavius, Adventius, and Solutor'; but in Galesinius and Margarinus: 'On the birthday of the holy Turinese martyrs Octavius, Adventius, and Solutor.' We have followed these last. Since we ought most devoutly to celebrate the birthday of all the saints and martyrs,
因此,那些認為應把它歸於安波羅修或奧斯定的人是錯了。既然講道詞的優雅風格與引用聖經章節的方式明顯屬於瑪西模的特色,那麼除了那城的主教瑪西模之外,我們還能認為是誰所作呢?此外還有編者吉姆尼庫斯、加列西尼、雷諾與馬爾加里諾,以及論及都靈聖殉道者諸人的一致意見。在吉姆尼庫斯與雷諾的版本中,同一篇講道詞題為:「聖辰紀念都靈聖殉道者奧大維、阿德文提與索路托爾」;而在加列西尼與馬爾加里諾的版本中亦然。我們採用了後者。既然我們應當最虔誠地紀念眾聖人與殉道者的聖辰,
75:4
Martyrum, fratres, devotissime natalem celebrare debeamus, twn præcipue eorum solemnitas b tota nobis veneratione curanda est, qui in nostris domiciliis proprium sanguinem profuderunt. Nam, licet universi sancti ubique sint, et omnibus prosint, c illi tamen pro nobis interveniunt, qui et supplicia d pertulere pro nobis. Martyr enim com patitur, e non sibi tantum patitur, sed et civibus; sibi enim patitur ad præmium, civibus ad exemplum; sibi patitur ad requiem, civibus ad salutem: exemplo enim eorum didicimus Christo credere, didicimus contumeliis vilam:eternam quærere, mortem didicimus non timere. Videte ergo quid martyribus debeamus: in quo alter tortus est, ut alius salvaretur:
the solemnity of those especially, brethren, must be attended to by us with all veneration, who poured out their own blood in our dwelling-places. For although all the saints are everywhere and profit all, yet those especially intercede for us who also endured sufferings for us. For when a martyr suffers, he suffers not for himself alone, but also for his fellow-citizens; for himself he suffers unto reward, for his fellow-citizens unto example; for himself he suffers unto rest, for his fellow-citizens unto salvation: for by their example we have learned to believe in Christ, we have learned to seek eternal life through insults, we have learned not to fear death. See therefore what we owe to the martyrs: in this, that the one was tortured that the other might be saved:
弟兄們,我們尤其應以一切崇敬來紀念那些在我們居所之地傾流自己鮮血者的慶節。因為雖然眾聖人無處不在、惠及眾人,但那些為我們忍受苦難者尤其為我們代禱。因為當殉道者受苦時,他不只是為自己受苦,也是為同鄉受苦;為自己受苦是為得賞報,為同鄉受苦是為作榜樣;為自己受苦是為得安息,為同鄉受苦是為得救恩。因為藉他們的榜樣,我們學會信賴基督,學會藉凌辱尋求永生,學會不懼怕死亡。所以你們要看我們虧欠殉道者何等之多:其中一人受折磨,是為使另一人得救;
75:5
alter carnilicem pertulit, ut Christum alter agnosceret: alter morti addictus est, f ut alios trita poliretur æterna: et ad postremum sanctus occisus est, ut peccator evaderet. Beati igitur martyres nec sibi vixerunt, nec sibi sunt mortui; exemplum enim nobis reliquerunt bene vivendo, I conversationis, tolerando fortiter, passionis. Nam ideo Dominus per totum mundum h diversis in locis pati martyres voluit, ut tanquam idonei testea i nos præsenti quodam lidei exemplo suae confessionis urgerent;
the one endured the executioner, that the other might acknowledge Christ: the one was condemned to death, that others might be polished for eternity: and finally the holy man was slain, that the sinner might escape. Blessed therefore are the martyrs, who neither lived for themselves nor died for themselves; for they have left us an example by living well, of conduct, and by bravely enduring, of passion. For therefore the Lord willed that martyrs should suffer throughout the whole world in diverse places, that as suitable witnesses they might press us by a certain present example of faith toward their confession;
其中一人忍受了劊子手,是為使另一人承認基督;一人被判死刑,是為使別人得以磨練成全永生;最後聖者被殺,是為使罪人得以逃脫。因此殉道者是有福的,他們既不為自己而生,也不為自己而死;因為他們藉善度生活給我們留下了生活的榜樣,藉勇敢忍耐給我們留下了受難的榜樣。因為主之所以願意殉道者在全世界各處受苦,正是要他們作為合宜的見證人,以一種當前的信德榜樣促使我們效法他們的宣認;
75:6
ut humana fragilitas, quæ prædicationi dominicæ auditu longiore vix i credit, vel præsenti oculorum testimonio martyrio crederet beatorum Cuncti igitur martyres devotissime percolendi sunt, sed specialiter ii venerandi sunt a nobis, quorum reliquias possidemus. Uti enim nos orationibus k adjuvant, isti etiam adjuvant passione; cum his autem nobis familiaritas est; 1 semper enim nobiscum sunt, nubiscum morantur, hoc est, et in corpore nos vi,'entes c stodiunt, et de corpore recedentes 263 excipiunt: hic ne peccatorum nos labes assumat, ibi ne iferni horror invadat. Nain ideo hoc a majoribus m provisum est, ut sanctorum ossibus nostra corpora sociemus;
so that human frailty, which scarcely believes the Lord's preaching by a more distant hearing, might at least believe by the present testimony of the eyes in the martyrdom of the blessed. All the martyrs, therefore, are to be most devoutly honored, but those especially are to be venerated by us whose relics we possess. For as they help us by their prayers, so these help us also by their passion; and with these we have a familiarity, for they are always with us, they abide with us, that is, both while we live in the body they guard us, and as we depart from the body they receive us: here, that the stain of sins may not seize us, there, that the horror of hell may not invade us. For this is why it was provided by our forebears that we should join our bodies to the bones of the saints;
如此,人性的脆弱——它藉較遙遠的聽聞幾乎不肯相信主的宣道——至少能藉眼睛當前的見證相信眾真福的殉道。所以眾殉道者都應被最虔誠地尊敬,但我們尤其要敬禮那些我們擁有其聖髑者。因為他們既以祈禱幫助我們,也以受難幫助我們;我們與他們有親密的交往,因為他們常與我們同在,與我們同住,就是說:當我們在肉身中生活時,他們守護我們;當我們離開肉身時,他們接納我們——在此使罪污不玷染我們,在彼使地獄的恐怖不侵襲我們。因為這正是先人所以規定要把我們的身體與聖人骸骨安放在一起的緣由;
75:7
ut dum illos tartarus metuit, noi poena non tangat; dum illos Christus illuminat, no bis tenebrarum caligo u diffugiat. Cum sanctis ergo - martyribus quiescentes o evadamus P inferi tenebras, eorum proprus meritis, attamen consocii sanctitate. Ait enim Dominus Petro: Tu es Petrus, et super hanc vetram ædificabo Ecclesiam meam; et portæ inferi non a prævalebunt ei (Matth. XVI). Si ergo apostolo et martyri Petro inferni porta non prævalet, quisquis sociatur martyri tartaro non tenetur. Martyres enim inferni porta non possidet, quoniam eos paradisi b regna suscipiunt. 264 Nam videmus eos hic u'i. que jam regnare; cernimus enim c ab eis obsessos immundissimis dæmonibus homines liberari;
that while hell fears them, punishment may not touch us; while Christ enlightens them, the gloom of darkness may flee from us. Resting therefore with the holy martyrs, may we escape the darkness of hell, by their proper merits, yet as companions in holiness. For the Lord says to Peter: 'Thou art Peter, and upon this rock I will build my Church; and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it' (Matt. 16). If therefore the gate of hell does not prevail against the apostle and martyr Peter, whoever is joined to a martyr is not held by hell. For the gate of hell does not possess the martyrs, since the realms of paradise receive them. For we see them here already reigning everywhere; for we perceive men beset by most unclean demons set free by them;
如此,當地獄畏懼他們時,刑罰便不觸及我們;當基督光照他們時,黑暗的幽暗便從我們身上逃離。所以,我們若與聖殉道者一同安息,就可憑他們自身的功勞、卻作為聖德的同伴,逃脫地獄的黑暗。因為主對伯多祿說:「你是伯多祿(磐石),在這磐石上我要建立我的教會,陰間的門決不能勝過她」(瑪十六)。所以,若陰間的門不能勝過宗徒兼殉道者伯多祿,那麼凡與殉道者相連的人也不被地獄所拘。因為陰間的門不能佔有殉道者,既然樂園的國度接納他們。因為我們看見他們在此已處處為王;因為我們看見被最污穢的邪魔纏擾的人,藉他們得以釋放;
75:8
ita ut coelesti medicina et. captiva anima de diaboli laqucis eruatur, et ipse diabolus vinculis igneis alligatus producaturde sua captivitate captivus; ut qui prædam paulo ante ceperat, ipse suMatur in d pœnam. Hæc et alia potiora mirabilia per sanctos fieri omnibus notum est. Et ideo, fratres, veneremur eos in o sacculo quos defensores habere f possumus in futuro; etsicutcis ossibus parentum nostrorum jungimur, ita et eis fidei imitatione jungamur; in nullo enim ab ipsis separari poterimus, si sociemur illis tam religione quam corpore g.
so that by the heavenly medicine both the captive soul is snatched from the devil's snares, and the devil himself, bound with fiery chains, is led forth captive out of his own captivity; that he who a little before had taken his prey should himself be taken unto punishment. That these and other still greater wonders are wrought through the saints is known to all. And therefore, brethren, let us venerate in this world those whom we can have as defenders in the world to come; and as we are joined to them by the bones of our forebears, so let us also be joined to them by the imitation of faith; for in nothing shall we be able to be separated from them, if we are united to them as much by religion as by body.
如此,藉天上的良藥,被擄的靈魂既從魔鬼的羅網中被奪回,魔鬼自己也被火鏈捆綁,作為俘虜從自己的擄掠中被押出;使那不久前擄掠獵物者,自己被擄去受刑。這些以及其他更大的奇蹟藉聖人而成就,是人所共知的。所以,弟兄們,讓我們在今世敬禮那些我們在來世能有他們作護衛者的人;正如我們藉先人的骸骨與他們相連,我們也當藉信德的效法與他們相連;因為若我們既以信仰、也以身體與他們結合,我們在任何事上都不能與他們分離。
← ch. 74ch. 76 →
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