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都靈的馬克西姆斯

講道集 第 118 章

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118:1
Joannes Dominicus Valarsius sive quod codices mss. non consuluerit, sive parum studii in rebus S. Maximi dignoscendis impenderit, hunc S. antislitis Tanrinensis sermonem, Maximum ne memorans quidem, inter opera spuria Hieronymiana tom. II, pag. 504, Opp. S. Hieron. edit. Yeron. 1742, conjecit. Nostrum igiiur est ut non ineruditam incultamque orationem ab obscuritate eruamus, proprioque auctoris nomine ornatam in lucem emittamus. Id ostendunt praeclari codices tres, nempe duo S. Crucis in Jerusalem 90 et 99, et Laurentianus I Plut. XIV, ubi plane legitur post titulum: De S. Epiphania, sermo S. Maximi episcopi. In codicibus S. Crucis in Jerusalem inscribitur sermo:
約翰·多明尼克·瓦拉爾修,或因未查閱手抄本,或因在辨別聖馬克西姆的著作上用力太少,竟將都靈聖主教的這篇講道——甚至連馬克西姆也不提及——歸入耶柔米的偽作之中,見於一七四二年維洛那版《聖耶柔米全集》第二卷第五〇四頁。所以我們的任務就是把這篇既非粗陋也非無學的演說從湮沒中救出,並冠以其應有的作者之名將它帶到光中。這由三部卓越的抄本所證實,即耶路撒冷聖十字修院的90與99號兩部,以及勞倫齊安努斯抄本第I、書櫃XIV,其中在標題之後清楚寫著:「論聖主顯節,主教聖馬克西姆講道」。在耶路撒冷聖十字修院的抄本中,它題為講道:
Johannes Dominicus Vallarsius, whether because he did not consult the manuscript codices, or because he expended too little effort in discerning the works of St. Maximus, cast this sermon of the holy bishop of Turin—without even mentioning Maximus—among the spurious works of Jerome, in vol. II, p. 504, of the Works of St. Jerome, Verona edition, 1742. It is therefore our task to rescue this not uncultivated nor unlearned oration from obscurity, and to bring it forth into the light, adorned with its proper author's name. This is shown by three excellent codices, namely two of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme, 90 and 99, and the Laurentianus I, Plut. XIV, where after the title there is plainly read: 'On the Holy Epiphany, a sermon of St. Maximus the bishop.' In the codices of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme it is inscribed as a sermon:
118:2
De die sanctæ Epiphaniæ, quem titulum nos amplexi sumus. Consule ea iinprimis quæ S. Maximus in homilia de Cruce scribit; unde facile percipies hunc quoque sermonem eidem auctori esse tribuendum. Hodie verus sol ortus est mundo; hodie in tenebris sæculi lumen egressum est: Deus factus est homo, ut homo Deus fieret; formam servi Dominus excepit, ut servus verteretur in Dominum. Coelorum et habitator et conditor habitavit in terris, ut homo colonus terra migraret ad coelos. 0 dies omni sole lucidior! 0 tempus cunctis sæculis * expetitura !. Quod præstolabantur angeli, quod cherubim et seraphim et coelorum b mysteria nescierunt, hoc in nostro tempore revelatum est.
「論聖主顯節之日」——這標題我們已採納。尤其要參閱聖馬克西姆在論十字架的講道中所寫的內容;由此你將易於察覺,這篇講道也當歸於同一作者。今日真太陽已升起在世界之上;今日在這世代的黑暗中光已顯現:天主成了人,為使人成為神;主取了僕人的形像,為使僕人轉變為主。諸天的居者與創建者住在地上,為使人這耕地者得以遷往諸天。哦,比一切太陽更明亮的一日!哦,經歷萬世所應渴慕的時刻!天使所等候的,革魯賓、色辣芬與諸天的奧秘所不知的,如今在我們的時代已被啟示出來。
'On the Day of the Holy Epiphany'—which title we have embraced. Consult especially those things which St. Maximus writes in the homily on the Cross; whence you will easily perceive that this sermon too is to be attributed to the same author. Today the true sun has risen upon the world; today in the darkness of the age the light has come forth: God was made man, that man might be made God; the Lord took upon Himself the form of a servant, that the servant might be turned into a lord. The inhabitant and founder of the heavens dwelt on earth, that man, the tiller of the earth, might pass over to the heavens. O day brighter than every sun! O time to be longed for through all the ages! What the angels awaited, what the cherubim and seraphim and the mysteries of the heavens knew not, this has been revealed in our time.
118:3
Quod illi videbant per speculum, et per imaginem, nos cernimus in veritate. Qui loquebatur Israelitico populo per Isaiam, Jeremiam et cæteros prophetas, nunc nobis per Filium loquitur. Videte quid c intersit inter Vetus Testamentum et Novum. In illo loquebatur per nubilum; nobis loquitur per serenum. Ibi Deus videbatur in rubo; hic de virgine Deus nascitur. Ibi ignis erat populi peccata consumens; a hic homo est populi peccata dimittens; imo Deus ignoscens servis suis. Nemo enim potest peccata dimittere, nisi solus Deus. Sive hodie natus est Dominus Jesus, sive hodie baptizatus est:
他們藉鏡子、藉影像所見的,我們卻在真實中觀看。祂從前藉依撒意亞、耶肋米亞和其餘先知向以色列子民說話,如今卻藉聖子向我們說話。請看舊約與新約之間有何差異。在前者,祂藉雲霧說話;對我們,祂藉晴朗的天空說話。在那裡,天主在荊棘叢中被看見;在這裡,天主由童貞女而生。在那裡,火焚燒子民的罪;在這裡,是一位人赦免子民的罪——不,是天主寬赦祂的僕人。因為除天主之外,無人能赦罪。無論今日主耶穌誕生,或今日祂受洗:
What they saw through a mirror and through an image, we behold in truth. He who spoke to the people of Israel through Isaiah, Jeremiah, and the other prophets, now speaks to us through the Son. See what difference there is between the Old Testament and the New. In the former He spoke through a cloud; to us He speaks through clear sky. There God was seen in the bush; here God is born of a virgin. There the fire consumed the sins of the people; here it is a man who forgives the sins of the people—nay, God pardoning His servants. For no one can forgive sins except God alone. Whether today the Lord Jesus was born, or today He was baptized:
118:4
diversa quippe opinio fertur in mundo, et pro traditionum varietate sententia est nobis, illud constat ad liquidum, quod sive hodie natus est ex Virgine, sive renatus in baptismo, ejus 414 nativitas et carnis et spiritus nobis proficit. Utrumque mysterium meum est; utraque e utilitas mea est. Dei Filius non habebat necessariuin ut nasceretur, ut baptizarctur, neque enim peccatum fecerat quod ei remitteretur in baptismo; sed illius humilitlas nostra sublimitas est. Illius crux nostra victoria est; illius patibulum est noster triumphus. Gaudentes levemus hoc signum in humeris nostris, victoriarum vexilla portemus, immortale f lavacrum portemus in frontibus.
雖然世上流傳著各種不同的見解,我們的判斷也隨著傳統的差異而不同,但有一件事清清楚楚地確定:無論祂今日是由童貞女所生,還是在洗禮中重生,祂在肉身與靈性上的誕生都使我們得益。這兩樣奧秘都是屬於我的;這兩樣益處都是我的。天主子並不需要出生,也不需要受洗,因為祂沒有犯下需要在洗禮中被赦免的罪;但祂的謙卑就是我們的尊崇。祂的十字架就是我們的勝利;祂的刑架就是我們的凱旋。讓我們歡欣地把這記號扛在肩上,高舉勝利的旗幟,在額上帶著那不朽的洗禮之印。
Although diverse opinion is spread abroad in the world, and our judgement varies according to the variety of traditions, this stands perfectly clear: that whether He was today born of the Virgin, or reborn in baptism, His nativity of both flesh and spirit profits us. Either mystery is mine; either is my benefit. The Son of God had no need to be born, nor to be baptized, for He had committed no sin that should be remitted Him in baptism; but His humility is our exaltation. His cross is our victory; His gibbet is our triumph. Let us, rejoicing, raise this sign upon our shoulders, let us bear the standards of victory, let us bear the immortal laver upon our foreheads.
118:5
Cum hoc signum in postibus diabolus aspexerit, contremiscet; et qui aurata Capitolia non timent, crucem timent; qui contemnunt sceptra regalia; et purpuras Caesarum, et dapes, I Christi sordes et jejunia pertimescunt. Denique in Ezechiel propheta (Ezech. IX), cum ornnes qui missus fuerat angelus occidisset, et interfectio coepisset a sanctis, illi tantummodo sospiles reservantur quos Tau littera, id est crucis pictura signaverat. h Exsultemus itaque, fratres carissimi, et ad crucis sim:litudinem sanctas ad coelum levemus manus. Cum sic nos daemones armatos viderint, opprimentur. Quando Moyses (Exod. XVII) erectas habebat manus vincebatur Amalech; si 1 paulum illæ conciderant, convalescebat.
當魔鬼看見門楣上這記號時,牠就戰慄;那些不懼怕鍍金卡皮托神殿的人,卻懼怕十字架;那些藐視王權節杖、凱撒紫袍與盛宴的人,卻對基督的貧陋與禁食大為驚懼。事實上,在先知厄則克耳書中(則九),當那被差遣的天使已擊殺了眾人,屠戮已從聖者開始時,唯獨那些被「陶」字母——即十字架圖形——所標記的人得以保全性命。所以,最親愛的弟兄們,讓我們歡躍,並按著十字架的樣式,向天舉起聖潔的手。當魔鬼看見我們如此披掛時,牠們就要被制伏。當梅瑟(出十七)高舉雙手時,阿瑪肋克便被擊敗;但當他的手稍微垂下,阿瑪肋克就重新得勢。
When the devil beholds this sign upon the doorposts, he trembles; and those who do not fear the gilded Capitols fear the cross; those who despise the royal sceptres and the purple robes of the Caesars, and their banquets, are terrified by the squalor and fasting of Christ. Indeed, in the prophet Ezekiel (Ezek. IX), when the angel who had been sent had slain all, and the slaughter had begun from the holy ones, those alone were kept safe whom the letter Tau, that is, the figure of the cross, had marked. Let us therefore exult, dearest brethren, and after the likeness of the cross let us lift up holy hands to heaven. When the demons see us thus armed, they will be overwhelmed. When Moses (Exod. XVII) kept his hands raised, Amalek was defeated; but if they sank down a little, Amalek regained strength.
118:6
Antennæ navium et velorum cornua sub figura nostrae crucis volitant. Aves quoque ipsæ, quando in sublimiora tolluntur, ct pendent per aerem, exlensis alis, imitantur crucem. Sed et tropxa et victoriæ triumphorum ornate cruce sunt, quam non solum in frontibus, sed in animabus quoque nostris habere debemus, ut cum sic fuerimus armati, calcemus super aspidem et basiliscum in Christo Jesu, cui est gloria in sæcula saeculorum. Amen.
船隻的桅桁與帆的橫角在空中翱翔時,正呈現我們十字架的形狀。就連飛鳥,當牠們被托升到高處,展翅懸於空中時,也仿效著十字架。而且凱旋的紀念碑與勝利也是以十字架為裝飾的;這十字架我們不但當帶在額上,更當存於靈魂之內,好使我們如此披掛之時,得以在基督耶穌內踐踏毒蛇與虺蛇。願光榮歸於祂,直到萬世之世。阿們。
The yardarms of ships and the horns of the sails fly aloft under the figure of our cross. The birds too, when they are borne up into the heights and hang in the air with wings outspread, imitate the cross. But the trophies and victories of triumphs also are adorned with the cross, which we ought to have not only upon our foreheads, but also within our souls, so that when we are thus armed, we may tread upon the asp and the basilisk in Christ Jesus, to whom be glory unto the ages of ages. Amen.
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