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都靈的馬克西姆斯

講道集 第 189 章

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189:1
605 Non in Casinensibus modo codicibus quatuor mox landatis, et in Ambrosiano secundus hic sermo de Machabæis sancto Maximo inscriptus legitur, sed etiam in Vatic. 6451, fol. 151 a tergo his verbis: Sermo sancti Maximi episcopi calendis Augusti sanctorum Machabæorum. Unum esse spiritum Novi ac Veteris Testamenti, etiam b Machabaeorum magnanimitas fidesque declarat, qui de æternitatis gloria, Deo promittente, securi, cruenti regis sævitiam pia morte vicerunt. Nam Dominum nostrum Jesum Christum, quem testimonio Evangelii omnis pene de coelo credit venisse gentilitas, nasciturum in terris esse de virgine universa dudum per legem atque prophetas Judaea discebat.
這第二篇論瑪加伯、題名為聖瑪西默斯的講道,不僅載於方才所讚的四部卡西諾抄本與盎博羅削抄本中,也載於梵蒂岡第六四五一號第一五一頁背面,用這樣的話:「聖主教瑪西默斯於八月一日論諸聖瑪加伯的講道」。新約與舊約的聖神是同一位,瑪加伯人的豪邁與信德也宣明了這事;他們因天主應許而確信永恆的榮耀,以聖潔的死勝過了嗜血君王的殘暴。因為我們的主耶穌基督,照福音的見證,幾乎全外邦世界都相信他是從天降下的,他將在地上由童貞女而生——這事全猶太地早已藉法律與先知在學習了。
Not only in the four Cassinese codices just praised, and in the Ambrosian, is this second sermon on the Maccabees, inscribed to Saint Maximus, read, but also in Vatican 6451, fol. 151 verso, in these words: Sermon of Saint Maximus the bishop, on the Kalends of August, of the holy Maccabees. That the Spirit of the New and of the Old Testament is one, the magnanimity and faith of the Maccabees also declares, who, secure of the glory of eternity, God promising it, conquered by a holy death the savagery of a bloody king. For that our Lord Jesus Christ, whom, on the testimony of the Gospel, well-nigh all the gentile world believes to have come from heaven, was to be born on earth of a virgin, all Judea had long since been learning through the law and the prophets.
189:2
Et inde c, carissimi, quod Machabaei fratres pro reverentia legis paternx ante se passionibus subdiderunt quam legis Dominus pateretur. Inde, quod prius despeserunt mortem quam d per Christum vinceretur infernus. Inde, quod antea pro honore RedempLuris proprium dederunt sanguinem, quam suum pro eis cruorem Redemptor effunderet. Quis autem dubitet tam innumera mundi praesentis mala nec adire eos, nec tolerare potuisse, nisi fide plenissima de bonis futuri saeculi credidissent ? Nemo, fratres, nemo tyrannum spernit, nisi qui spe legitimi imperatoris erigitur; nemo mortem praefert vitæ, nisi qui vitam credit esse post mortem;
至愛的弟兄們,由此可見,瑪加伯眾弟兄為敬重祖先的法律,在法律的主受難之前,先把自己交付於苦難。由此可見,他們在陰府藉基督被征服之前,先蔑視了死亡。由此可見,他們為救贖主的尊榮先獻出自己的血,早於救贖主為他們傾流自己的血。但誰能懷疑呢?他們若非以最完全的信德相信來世的美善,就既不能面對、也不能忍受現世如此無數的災禍。弟兄們,無人,無人蔑視暴君,除非那憑合法君王的盼望而被高舉的人;無人以死亡勝於生命,除非那相信死後有生命的人;
And hence it is, most beloved, that the Maccabee brothers, for reverence of their ancestral law, subjected themselves to sufferings before the Lord of the law suffered. Hence, that they despised death before hell was conquered through Christ. Hence, that they gave their own blood for the honor of the Redeemer, before the Redeemer poured out his own gore for them. But who would doubt that they could neither have approached nor endured so countless evils of the present world, unless with fullest faith they had believed in the good things of the age to come? No one, brethren, no one despises a tyrant, except he who is lifted up by the hope of a lawful emperor; no one prefers death to life, except he who believes there is life after death;
189:3
nemo tormenta volens perpetitur, nisi qui sperat praemia posttormenIn. Igitur cum Antiochus in servos Dei effraenata saeviret insania, septem germanorum religiosissimum chorum ad suum jubet tribunal cum 606 matre perduoi, ut aut illa tam numerosae prolis cruciata suppliciis vinceretur, aut si quem forte ex pueris proprius non terruisset interitus, mors fraterna turbaret. Sed erravit insanus, virtutem religionis ignorans, in qua e est illa vel maxime pietas, Deum fratribus, Deum filiis, Deum prætulisse parentibus. Praecepit ergo eos contra decreta coelestia manducare carnes porcinas, recusantibus adhibet diversa genera poenarum. Sed nesciunt corda fldelium voluntatibus cedere perfidorum.
無人甘願忍受刑罰,除非那盼望刑罰之後有賞報的人。所以,當安提約古以無羈的瘋狂向天主的僕人發怒時,他命人把七弟兄這最虔敬的隊伍連同他們的母親帶到他的公堂前,好叫或是她因這眾多子女的刑罰受折磨而被制伏,或是若他自身的死亡偶然不能嚇倒某個少年,弟兄之死能擾亂他。但這狂人錯了,他不識宗教的力量;在其中,這最是敬虔:把天主置於弟兄之上、把天主置於兒子之上、把天主置於父母之上。於是他命他們違背屬天的法令去吃豬肉,對拒絕的人施加各樣的刑罰。然而信者的心不知如何向不信者的意願屈服。
no one willingly endures torments, except he who hopes for rewards after the torments. Therefore, when Antiochus raged against the servants of God with unbridled madness, he orders the most religious choir of seven brothers to be brought to his tribunal with their mother, so that either she, tortured by the punishments of so numerous an offspring, might be overcome, or, if perchance his own destruction did not terrify some one of the boys, the death of a brother might trouble him. But the madman erred, being ignorant of the strength of religion, in which this above all is piety: to have preferred God to brothers, God to sons, God to parents. He commanded them, therefore, against the heavenly decrees, to eat swine's flesh, and to those who refused he applies various kinds of punishments. But the hearts of the faithful know not how to yield to the wills of the faithless.
189:4
f Agitur igitur eum eis ferro, flammis variisque suppliciis. Huic caput cute nudatur, huic lingua præciditur; frigitur ille, manibus pedibusque truncatus. Sed inter tam funestas torquentium manus nec filios instantis matris inclinat affectio, nec matrem morientum frangit turba natorum. Atque ita in germanis pueris, et muliere senissima eadem prolege Dei fuere vota moriendi, ut et ipsa videatur filios spiritu magis genuisse quam carne, et illi aestimentur non tam lactis substantiam de matre suxisse quam fidei. Quis non perfidorum fideliumque miretur quod senissima muHer tot dulcium pignorum non congemiscit interitum?
於是以刀、以火、以各樣的刑罰對付他們。這一個的頭被剝去皮,那一個的舌被割斷;另一個被剁去手足而遭火煎。然而在如此致命的施刑者手中,站在旁邊的母親之情感不能使兒子屈服,垂死兒女的群眾也不能使母親折斷。這樣,在弟兄般的少年身上,並在這最年老的婦人身上,都有為天主法律而死的同一心願,以致連她自己看似以精神生育兒子,多過以肉身生育,而他們也被看作從母親所吸取的,與其說是乳汁的實質,不如說是信德的實質。不信者與信者中誰不驚嘆呢?這最年老的婦人竟不為如此眾多可愛子女的喪亡而同悲。
It is dealt with them, therefore, by sword, by flames, and by various punishments. This one's head is stripped of its skin, this one's tongue is cut off; another is fried, having his hands and feet cut off. But amid the hands of the tormentors, so deadly, neither does the affection of the mother standing by bend the sons, nor does the throng of dying children break the mother. And thus in the brother-boys, and in the most aged woman, there were the same vows of dying for the law of God, so that she too may seem to have begotten her sons more by spirit than by flesh, and they may be reckoned to have sucked from their mother not so much the substance of milk as of faith. Who among the faithless and the faithful would not marvel that a most aged woman does not bewail the destruction of so many sweet pledges?
189:5
Quis non obstupescat quod de tam crudelibus filiorum suppliciis furenti regi læta mater g insultat, illiusque potius persecutor magna-' nimitate torquetur, quem h meditatione impia cogitabat aut prævaricatione polluere, aut orbitate damnare Y Nam quod supra omne miraculum est, juniori filio mater, quem a rege susceperat inclinandum, sic ait: Peto, fili, i ut condignus fratribus tuis effectus suscipias mortem, ut in illa misericordia Dei cum fratribus tuis te recipiam (II Mac. vn). Vere gloriosissimæ mulieris incomparabilis fides! Astat in conspe. ctu regis secura de mortuis, 607 trepida de vivente. Sciebat enim hunc se solum filium perdituram, si solus timuisset octidi.
誰不驚愕呢?這歡欣的母親竟為兒子如此殘酷的刑罰而譏刺那狂怒的君王,反倒那迫害者被她的豪邁所折磨——他本想藉不虔的算計,或以背信玷污她,或以喪子懲罰她。因為——這是超乎一切奇事的——那母親對她最小的兒子(她曾從君王手中領回要勸他變節)如此說:「我兒,我求你,願你配得上你的弟兄們,接受死亡,好叫我在天主那憐憫中,與你的弟兄們一同把你領回」(瑪加伯下七章)。這最光榮的婦人之信德實在無與倫比!她站在君王面前,為已死的人安然無懼,為尚存的人卻戰兢。因為她知道,若唯獨這個兒子懼怕被殺,她就唯獨要失去他。
Who would not be astounded that, over such cruel torments of her sons, the joyful mother insults the raging king, and rather that persecutor is tormented by her magnanimity, whom by her impious meditation he had thought either to defile by prevarication or to punish by bereavement? For, what is above all wonder, to her youngest son, whom she had received from the king to be induced, the mother speaks thus: I beseech thee, my son, that, made worthy of thy brothers, thou receive death, that in that mercy of God I may receive thee back together with thy brothers (2 Maccabees 7). Truly the incomparable faith of the most glorious woman! She stands in the sight of the king, secure concerning the dead, trembling concerning the living. For she knew she would lose this her son alone, if he alone had feared to be slain.
189:6
Sed non degener juvenis, qui fratrum agones patienter aspexerat, matrem libenter audivit, et torquentem regem non solum non metuit, sed digna ferum increpatione castigat. Et bene, carissimi, mirabilis femina, certa de filiorum triumpho, certa de retributione coelesti, insultabat regi, exsultabat in Domino, qua se tunc magis credebat beatius i parturire, cum videret filios suos gloriosa ad Deum morte praecedere. Et supplicia 608 quidem multiplicabat Antiochus: sed fidelis anus pro tUa temporalium poenarum multitudine triumphantium parvulorum praemia numerabat aeterna, post quorum occasum inter dulcissima corpora desiderato ipsa obitu et optabili Me decubuit 1.
但這青年並不墮落,他曾耐心目睹弟兄們的痛苦,欣然聽從母親,不僅不懼折磨他的君王,反以配得的斥責責備那兇殘者。至愛的弟兄們,這奇妙的婦人做得好——她確信兒子的凱旋,確信屬天的報償,便譏刺君王,在主內歡躍;因她那時更相信自己是在蒙福地生產,當她看見自己的兒子以光榮的死先她而去到天主那裡。安提約古固然加增刑罰;然而這忠信的老婦,對著他眾多暫時的刑罰,卻在數算她凱旋幼子永恆的賞報,在他們倒下之後,她自己在最甘美的遺體之間,以所渴望、所可欲的死亡躺臥安息。
But the young man was not degenerate, who had patiently beheld the agonies of his brothers, and gladly listened to his mother, and not only did not fear the king who tormented him, but rebuked the savage with a worthy reproach. And well, most beloved, did the marvelous woman, certain of the triumph of her sons, certain of the heavenly recompense, insult the king and exult in the Lord, since she then believed herself the more blessedly to be giving birth, when she saw her sons go before her to God by a glorious death. And Antiochus indeed multiplied the tortures: but the faithful old woman, against his multitude of temporal punishments, was reckoning the eternal rewards of her triumphant little ones, after whose fall, amid their sweetest bodies, she herself lay down by a longed-for and desirable death.
189:7
Neque ullis terrebatur illa suppliciis, quæ omnia jam tormentorum genera vicerat in visceribus filiorum. Neque enim trepidabat occidi, quae ad iMam festinabat vitam, ad quam sua noverat pignora præmisisse.
她也不被任何刑罰所嚇倒,因她已在兒子的臟腑中勝過了各樣的刑罰。因為她不因被殺而戰慄,她正急切奔向那生命——她知道自己已把自己的子女先打發到那裡去了。
Nor was she terrified by any torments, she who had already conquered all kinds of torments in the inward parts of her sons. For she trembled not to be slain, who was hastening to that life to which she knew she had sent her pledges ahead.
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