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都靈的馬克西姆斯

講道集 第 12 章

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12:1
Nullus, quod sciamus, est scriptor qui hanc S. Maximo homiliam non censeat esse ascribenda. Summa scriptorum censensioni accedit codicum mss. et editorum plane consentanea auctoritas. Ex bibl. Vaticana quatuor concordes codices nominabimus, 4951, pag. 21, 1267, pag. 91, Reginae 433, pag. 98, a tergo, et alter ejusdem 125, pag. 72. Inscribitur autem: In natali Domini, sermo beati Maximi episcopi. Eamdem inscriptionem exhibent tres codices Augienses xn, XVI, et xxix, Martinensis, Casinensis pariter 106, pag. iS, ac demum Modoetiensis E III, serm. 23. Laurentiani codices ea carent. Exstat in codice Taurinensi cum titulo: Item et de nativitate Domini homilia XIV.
據我們所知,沒有一位作者不判斷這篇講道應歸於聖瑪西模。除了作者們最高度的共識之外,還加上手抄本抄本與編者們完全一致的權威。我們要從梵蒂岡圖書館列出四份相符的抄本:第4951號第21頁、第1267號第91頁、雷吉納抄本第433號第98頁背面,以及同一系列的另一份第125號第72頁。它的題署如此:論主的誕生日,有福的主教瑪西模的一篇講道。同樣的題署見於三份奧吉恩西斯抄本第12、16、29號、馬丁抄本,以及卡西諾抄本第106號第18頁,最後是蒙扎抄本E III第23篇講道。勞倫斯抄本缺此篇。它存於都靈抄本中,題為:同論主的誕生,第14篇講道。
There is no writer, so far as we know, who does not judge that this homily is to be ascribed to Saint Maximus. To the highest consensus of writers there is added the fully agreeing authority of manuscript codices and of the editors. From the Vatican library we shall name four concordant codices: 4951, page 21; 1267, page 91; Reginensis 433, page 98 at the back; and another of the same, 125, page 72. It is inscribed thus: On the Birthday of the Lord, a sermon of the blessed Maximus the bishop. The same inscription is exhibited by three Augiensis codices, 12, 16, and 29; the Martinian; likewise Casinensis 106, page 18; and finally Monza E III, sermon 23. The Laurentian codices lack it. It exists in the Turin codex with the title: Likewise also on the Nativity of the Lord, homily 14.
12:2
Editores autem omnes inter homilias Maximianas de natali Domini referunt, Gymnicus pag. 14, Galesinius pag. 92, Combelisius tom. I, pag. 168, Cumdius tom. I, pag. 65, Raynaudus pag. 197, Margarinus tom. VI Bibl. Max. PP., pag. 6. Hodierni mysterii sacramentum, fratres carissimi, sicut credidistis semper et creditis, reparatio est salutis humanae, virtutum nativitas, ruina vitiorum. Hodie namque Christus Jesus, Dominus noster, in quo divinitatis est plenitudo, carnis nostrae intirma suscipiens, novus natus est homo. Hodie refulsit secundus ille Adam, non incola, sed dominus paradisi, quem interdictæ arboris pulchritudo non fallat, serpens non decipiat, mulier non seducat.
眾編者都把它列入瑪西模論主誕生日的講道之中:金尼庫斯第14頁、加勒西尼烏斯第92頁、康貝菲斯第一卷第168頁、庫姆迪烏斯第一卷第65頁、雷諾杜斯第197頁、瑪加里努斯《教父最大文庫》第六卷第6頁。至親愛的弟兄們,今日這奧秘的聖事,正如你們一向所信、如今也信的,乃是人類救恩的修復、諸德的誕生、諸惡的傾覆。因為今日,我們的主基督耶穌,那位裡面滿有神性豐盛的一位,取了我們肉身的軟弱,降生為一個新人。今日,那第二個亞當發出光輝,祂不是樂園的居民,而是樂園的主宰——禁樹之美不能誘惑祂,蛇不能欺哄祂,女人不能引誘祂。
And all the editors reckon it among the Maximian homilies on the Birthday of the Lord: Gymnicus page 14, Galesinius page 92, Combefis volume I page 168, Cumdius volume I page 65, Raynaudus page 197, Margarinus volume VI of the Bibliotheca Maxima of the Fathers, page 6. The sacrament of today's mystery, dearest brethren, as you have always believed and do believe, is the reparation of human salvation, the birth of virtues, the ruin of vices. For today Christ Jesus, our Lord, in whom is the fullness of divinity, taking on the weaknesses of our flesh, has been born a new man. Today shone forth that second Adam, not the inhabitant, but the lord of paradise, whom the beauty of the forbidden tree may not beguile, whom the serpent may not deceive, whom the woman may not seduce.
12:3
Hodie exortum est in tenebris lumen. Hodie illud quod d coelum, et coeli coelorum se habere gaudebant, mundus, dum nescit, accepit. Neque enim ut temporalis quidam, aut qui ante non e fuerit, de femina nobis repentinus emersit; sed qui semper erat cum Patre Deus, semperque regnabat, novo pervirginem voluit mortalibus apparere mysterio: novus quidem homo, sed Dominus sempiternus; novus Christus, sed rex omnium sæculorum. Ipse est in fine temporum natus ex Maria, qui ante omnia sæcula Unigenitus processit e Patre. Hic est prædictus a patriarchis, a prophetis praedicatus, annuntiatus abangelis, ab apostolis approbatus. De uno eodemque legis:
今日光在黑暗中興起了。今日,天與天上之天所歡喜擁有的那一位,世界卻在不知不覺中領受了。因為祂並非作為某種屬時間之物、或某個先前不存在者,突然由一個女人向我們湧現;而是那位一向與父同為神、一向掌權的,藉著新的奧秘、藉著一位童貞女,願意向必死之人顯現:祂固然是新人,卻是永恆的主;固然是新的基督,卻是萬世之王。祂本身,在時代的終末由馬利亞所生,就是那位在萬世之先作為獨生子從父而出者。這位就是眾先祖所預言、眾先知所宣講、眾天使所宣告、眾使徒所印證的。論到這同一位,你讀到:
Today light has arisen in the darkness. Today that which heaven and the heaven of heavens rejoiced to possess, the world, while it knew it not, has received. For not as some temporal being, or one who did not exist before, did he suddenly emerge to us from a woman; but he who was always God with the Father, and always reigned, willed to appear to mortals through a virgin by a new mystery: a new man indeed, but the everlasting Lord; a new Christ, but the king of all the ages. He himself, born at the end of the ages from Mary, is the one who before all ages, as Only-begotten, proceeded from the Father. This is he foretold by the patriarchs, proclaimed by the prophets, announced by the angels, approved by the apostles. Of one and the same you read:
12:4
In principio erat Verbum, et Verbum caro factum est (Joan. I). Gaude ergo nunc et. 37 exsulta t ad Deum I tuum tandem conversa gentilitas. Percepisti donum quod Abraham in spiritu se vidisse lætatus est: meruisti per Christum, quod mereri quondam Hebræorum gens electa non potuit; timens enim Israel et tremens mirabatur, ut legimus, quod Moyses, populi princeps, reconditus in nube, et in vertice montis altissimi solus cum Domino loqueretur (Exod. XIX). Tibi vero sic natus est Christus, h et tanta se nobis dignatione concessit, ut loqueretur omnibus, et ab omnibus videretur. Ad illum tunc montem Sina i quicunque accessisset ex populo, præsenti puniebatur interitu:
「太初有道」……「道成了肉身」(約翰福音一章)。所以,終於歸信的外邦人啊,如今當歡喜,向你的神歡騰。你已領受了亞伯拉罕在靈裡歡喜得見的那恩賜;你藉基督得著了希伯來蒙揀選之民從前所不能得著的;因為以色列如我們所讀的,懼怕戰兢,驚奇於百姓的領袖摩西藏身雲中,獨自在至高之山的巔峰與主說話(出埃及記十九章)。但基督卻是這樣為你而生,並以如此的俯就把自己賜給我們,好叫祂能向眾人說話,並被眾人看見。那時百姓中凡挨近那西奈山的,便立時遭滅亡的懲罰;
In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was made flesh (John 1). Rejoice therefore now and exult toward your God, O heathenism at last converted. You have received the gift which Abraham rejoiced to have seen in the spirit; you have merited through Christ what the chosen race of the Hebrews could not once merit; for Israel, fearing and trembling, marveled, as we read, that Moses, the prince of the people, hidden in the cloud, alone spoke with the Lord on the summit of the highest mountain (Exodus 19). But to you Christ was so born, and granted himself to us with such condescension, that he might speak to all and be seen by all. Whoever of the people then approached that mount Sinai was punished with instant destruction;
12:5
ad hunc vero montem, qui hodie natus est mundo, quicunque non accesserit, morietur. Et tunc quidem unus populus erudiebatur ad fidem: nunc vero omnes gentes vocantur ad vitam. Viderunt venerabiles patres nostri innumera magnaque mirabilia. Coelum illis angelicas roravit escas; dulcia pocula lapis durissimus ministravit (Exod. XVII et XIX); Jordanis perpetem meatum suum retorsit in fontem; validissimi hostium muri tubarum strepitu corruerunt; sol quoque commoratos in coelo longiorem triumphanti populo praestitit diem (Jos. in, vi et x).
但這座今日為世界而生的山,凡不挨近的必要死亡。那時固然只有一族被教導以進入信德,如今卻是萬邦都被召進入生命。我們可敬的先祖看見了無數偉大的奇事。天為他們降下天使的食物;最堅硬的磐石供給甘甜的飲料(出埃及記十七章及十九章);約旦河把它常流的水路倒轉回源頭;仇敵最堅固的城牆在號角聲中倒塌;太陽也在天上停留,為得勝的百姓延長了白晝(約書亞記三章、六章、十章)。
but to this mountain, who has today been born to the world, whoever does not approach shall die. And then indeed one people was instructed unto faith; but now all nations are called unto life. Our venerable fathers saw innumerable and great marvels. Heaven bedewed for them angelic food; the hardest rock supplied sweet draughts (Exodus 17 and 19); the Jordan turned back its perpetual course to its source; the strongest walls of the enemies collapsed at the blast of the trumpets; the sun too, lingering in heaven, granted a longer day to the triumphing people (Joshua 3, 6, and 10).
12:6
Hoc vero nullis antea videre saeculis datum est, ut Unigenitus AltisSimi, a quem trementes archangelorum a suscipiunt poteStates, hominem se hominibus exhiberet, et carnem, quam b assumpsit ab homine transformaret 1 iri Deum. Amplectere ergo dignationem majestatis æternæ, et ne arcanam Dei tui discutias voluntatem: quia omnibus quidem natus est Christus, sed fidelibus dat salutem. Quod si tibi sensuum tuorum fragilitate minus dignum videtur, Filium Dei natum de femina credere: virginem cogita peperisse. Si tibi panni, c quibus d obvolutus est, fortasse vilescunt: arigelos collaudantes, et multitudinem coelestis exercitus admirare.
但這是從前的世代所未蒙賜見的:至高者的獨生子——就是眾天使長顫抖的權勢所迎接的那一位——竟向人顯為人,並把祂從人所取的肉身變化而歸入神。所以,要擁抱那永恆威嚴的俯就,不要審察你神隱藏的旨意:因為基督固然為眾人而生,卻只將救恩賜給忠信的人。但若因你感官的軟弱,你覺得相信神子由女人所生不太配得,就當思想是一位童貞女生產了祂。若那纏裹祂的布也許在你看來卑賤,就當讚嘆那些讚美的天使和天上眾軍的群集。
But this was granted to no former ages to see: that the Only-begotten of the Most High, whom the trembling powers of the archangels receive, should show himself a man to men, and should transform the flesh which he assumed from man into God. Embrace therefore the condescension of eternal majesty, and do not scrutinize the hidden will of your God: because Christ was indeed born for all, but he gives salvation to the faithful. But if, through the frailty of your senses, it seems to you less worthy to believe that the Son of God was born of a woman, consider that a virgin gave birth. If perhaps the cloths in which he was wrapped seem mean to you, admire the angels praising and the multitude of the heavenly host.
12:7
Si præsepe in quo infans jacuit despicis, erige paulisper oculos, et novam in cœlo stellam protestantem mundo nativitatem dominicam contuere. e Si vilia credis, crede mirifica. Si de iis quæ humilitatis sunt disputas, quæ ilta sunt et cœlestia venerare. lisdem enim referentibus, iisdemque auctoribus, de Domino Salvatore, quæ humilia, et quæ gloriosa sunt didicisti; universa, quae ad salutis tuæ mysterium pertinebant sacra tibi Evangelia prodiderunt. Habes iri his unde Dominum Jesum H natum hominem creti, et DeaM esse dubitare non possis f.
你若輕看那嬰孩躺臥的馬槽,就請暫且舉目仰望天上那顆宣告主降生於世的新星。你若認為卑微之事可信,就當相信那奇妙之事。你若爭辯屬於祂謙卑的那些事,就當敬拜那些尊高而屬天的事。因為你是從同一批傳報者、同一批作者那裏,學到關於主救主既卑微又榮耀的種種;凡與你得救之奧祕相關的一切,神聖的福音都已向你陳明。你在其中既有憑據可信主耶穌生為人,也無從懷疑祂同時是神。
If you despise the manger in which the infant lay, lift up your eyes for a moment, and behold the new star in heaven proclaiming to the world the Lord's nativity. If you count these things lowly, believe the wondrous ones. If you argue about those things that belong to His humility, venerate those that are exalted and heavenly. For by the same reporters and by the same authors you have learned concerning the Lord and Saviour both what is humble and what is glorious; the holy Gospels have set forth for you all things that pertained to the mystery of your salvation. You have in them wherewith to believe that the Lord Jesus was born a man, and to be unable to doubt that He is also God.
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