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都靈的馬克西姆斯

講道集 第 93 章

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93:1
De vero homiliæ hujus auctore, cum ab aliquibus Ambrosio, ab aliis Augustino inscripta reperiatur, dubitandi locus esset, nisi Gennadii testimonium tanquam fax in tenebris præfulsisset. Ipse non ambiguis, sed perspicuis verbis memorat S. Maximum inter ea quæ scripsit tractatum etiam De defectu lunæ confecisse. Quamobrem aut Gennadium, aut veterem quempiam alium auctorem secuti scriptores codicum præstantissimorum Sangallensis homilia 28, Ambrosiani C 98, et Sancto Crucis in Jerusalem 90 et 99, qui uniformem gerentes titulum: De defectione lunæ, in Maximum conveniunt. Nihil ergo horum consensui obest aut codex Vaticanus 4951 pag. 213, qui S.
關於這篇講道的真正作者,由於有些人將它題於安波羅修名下,有些人題於奧古斯丁名下,本會有懷疑的餘地,若不是熱納迪烏斯的見證如同黑暗中的火炬般照耀出來。他本人以毫不含糊、清晰的話語記載說,聖馬克西穆斯在他所寫的著作中,也著有一篇論《月蝕》的專論。因此,那些最優秀抄本的抄寫者,或依循熱納迪烏斯,或依循某位其他古代作者——聖加倫抄本第二十八篇講道、安波羅修抄本C98號,以及耶路撒冷聖十字堂第九十號與第九十九號抄本,它們都帶有一致的標題《論月蝕》,一致將其歸於馬克西穆斯。因此沒有什麼能反對這一共識,梵蒂岡抄本4951號第213頁也不能,它
Concerning the true author of this homily, since it is found inscribed by some to Ambrose and by others to Augustine, there would have been room for doubt, had not the testimony of Gennadius shone forth like a torch in the darkness. He himself records, in no ambiguous but in clear words, that St. Maximus, among the things he wrote, also composed a treatise On the Eclipse of the Moon. Wherefore, following either Gennadius or some other ancient author, the scribes of the most excellent codices—the Sangallensis, homily 28, the Ambrosianus C 98, and Holy Cross in Jerusalem 90 and 99, which bearing a uniform title, On the Eclipse of the Moon, agree in attributing it to Maximus. Nothing therefore stands against this consensus, neither the Vatican codex 4951, page 213, which
93:2
Augustino homiliam attribuit, apposita hac inscriptione: Ad eos qui defectum lunæ suis clamoribus adjuvare nituntur; aut codex Laurentianus x Plut. xiv pag. 337 a tergo hujus concionis laudem Ambrosio deferens. Nihil etiam prævalere potest editio Parisiensis Ambrosii aD. 4 569, ubi ejus inter sermones num. 83 Gillotius hanc homiliam collocavit. Ipsi adversantur Gymnicus pag. 293, Galesinius pag. 179, Raynaudus pag. 245, et Margarinus pag. 47, in Bibl. Max. tom. VI, apud quos homiliæ titulus est: De defectu lune. Et ipsi videtis, fratres, quod mea non cessat bumilitas omni eirca vos sollicitudine laborare, et ad frugem bonam vos tota festinatione convertere:
將這篇講道歸於聖奧古斯丁,並加上這樣的題辭:致那些竭力以喧嚷幫助月蝕之月的人;勞倫斯抄本第十四櫃第337頁也不能,它在這篇論說的背面把讚譽歸於安波羅修。安波羅修的巴黎版(主後1569年)也不能佔上風,吉洛提烏斯在其中把這篇講道列於講道集第八十三篇。與它們相對立的有金尼庫斯(第293頁)、加萊西尼烏斯(第179頁)、雷諾杜斯(第245頁)以及《最大藏書》第六卷第47頁的馬爾加里努斯,他們那裡這篇講道的標題是《論月蝕》。弟兄們,你們自己也看見,我這卑微之人不停地以一切殷勤為你們勞苦,並以一切急切要使你們轉向良善的果子:
attributes the homily to St. Augustine, adding this inscription: To those who strive by their outcries to help the eclipsing moon; nor does the Laurentian codex, Plut. 14, page 337, which on the back of this discourse gives the praise to Ambrose. Nor can the Paris edition of Ambrose (A.D. 1569) prevail, where Gillotius placed this homily among his sermons as no. 83. Against them stand Gymnicus (p. 293), Galesinius (p. 179), Raynaudus (p. 245), and Margarinus (p. 47) in the Bibliotheca Maxima, vol. VI, with whom the title of the homily is On the Eclipse of the Moon. And you yourselves see, brethren, that my humility does not cease to labour with all solicitude for you, and with all haste to turn you to good fruit:
93:3
sed quanto plus laboro vobiscum, tanto amplius confundor in vobis. Cum enim video tot commonitionibus meis nullum vos habere profectum, labor meus jam non gratulationi est, sed rubori. Dicit enim Apostolus: Quis plantavit vineam, et de fructu ejus non edit ?Quis pascit gregem, b a. lacte gregis non percipit (I Cor. IX, 7)? Ecce ego pasco gregem Christi, et gregis frudum extorquere non valeo; pasco gregem Domini, et nulla ex eo c religiositatis alimenta percipio. Nulla enim me Mei ejus dulcedo laetificat; sed quidquid ex eo profluit asperum d et amarum est; tunc enim pa< stor Christiani gregis lacte reficitur, quando bonorum operum ejus candore lætatur.
但我越是與你們一同勞苦,就越因你們而蒙羞。因為當我看見你們從我一切的勸勉中毫無長進,我的勞苦就不再是可慶賀的事,而是羞恥的事。因為使徒說:誰栽種葡萄園不吃園裡的果子呢?誰牧養羊群不喝羊群的奶呢(哥林多前書九章7節)?看哪,我牧養基督的羊群,卻不能從羊群取得果子;我牧養主的羊群,卻從中得不到虔敬的養分。因為它蜜的甘甜並不使我歡喜;反倒凡從它流出的都是苦澀難嚥的;因為基督羊群的牧人得以喝奶而得力,乃是在他因羊群善行的光輝而歡喜的時候。
but the more I labour with you, the more I am confounded on your account. For when I see that from all my exhortations you make no progress, my labour is no longer a matter of congratulation but of shame. For the Apostle says: Who plants a vineyard and does not eat of its fruit? Who tends a flock and does not partake of the milk of the flock (1 Corinthians 9:7)? Behold, I tend the flock of Christ, and I am unable to wrest fruit from the flock; I tend the flock of the Lord, and I receive no nourishment of religion from it. For no sweetness of its honey gladdens me; but whatever flows from it is harsh and bitter; for then is the shepherd of the Christian flock refreshed with milk, when he rejoices in the brightness of its good works.
93:4
Quis enim, fratres, in vobis a non graviter ferat ( non tamen de omnibus dico, sunt enim inter vos quos ad religionis cultum debeatis habere b exemplo), quis, inquam, non moleste ferat, sic vos esse vestrae salutis immemores, ut etiam cœlo teste peccetis ? Nam cum ante dies plerosque de vestr avaritæ cupiditate pulsaverim, ipsa die circa vesperum tanta vociferatio populi exstitit, ut irreligiositas ejus c penetrarei ad coelum. Quod cum requirerem quid sibi clamor hicvelit? dixerunt mihi quod laboranti lunæ vestra vociferatio subveniret, et defectum ejus suis clamoribus adjuvaret. Risi equidem, et miratus sum vanitatem, quod quasi devoti Christiani d Deo ferebatis auxilium.
弟兄們,你們中間有誰不會為此深感痛心——雖然我不是說眾人,因為你們中間確有一些人,你們當以他們為虔敬的榜樣——我說,有誰不會不悅:你們竟這樣忘記自己的救恩,甚至在天為證的情況下還犯罪呢?因為前些日子我曾為你們貪婪的私慾責備你們,就在那一天傍晚,百姓中興起如此大的呼喊,以致其不敬之聲直達於天。當我查問這喧嚷是什麼意思時,他們告訴我說,你們的呼喊是在救助那受苦的月亮,用你們的呼喊幫助它度過月蝕。我實在笑了,並驚異於這虛妄,因為你們竟彷彿虔誠的基督徒,向神施予援助。
For who among you, brethren, would not take it grievously—though I do not speak of all, for there are among you some whom you ought to hold up as an example for the practice of religion—who, I say, would not take it ill that you should be so forgetful of your own salvation as to sin even with heaven as witness? For when some days ago I had rebuked you for the greed of your avarice, on that very day toward evening there arose so great a clamour of the people that its irreligion reached to heaven. And when I asked what this shouting meant, they told me that your outcry was coming to the aid of the labouring moon, and helping its eclipse with your shouts. I laughed indeed, and marvelled at the folly, that you, as though devout Christians, were bringing aid to God.
93:5
Clamabatis enim ne, tacentibus vobis, e perderet elementum: tanquam infirmus enim et imbecillis, nisi vestris adjuvaretur vocibus, non posset luminaria defendere quae creavit; bene igitur facitis, qui Divinilati exhibetis solatium, ut vobis juvantibus possit cœlum regere. Sed si vultis hoc plenius facere, cunctis et totis noctibus pervigilare debetis: nam quoties 331 f putatis, vobis dormientibus, luna vim passa est; et tamen de cœlo non corruit? Aut nunquid semper circa vesperum defectum g patitur, non aliquando et circa lucem laborat ? Sed apud vos vesperlinis tantum horis laborare consuevit, quando copiosa cæna venter distenditur, quando majoribus poculis caput movetur.
因為你們呼喊,唯恐你們一沉默,這元素就要滅亡:彷彿它衰弱無力,若不藉你們的聲音幫助,就無法保護它所造的諸光體;那麼你們做得好,你們向神性提供慰藉,好叫祂靠你們的幫助能治理諸天。但你們若願更完全地做這事,就當通宵徹夜守望:因為你們想,當你們睡覺時,月亮有多少次遭受了暴力,然而卻沒有從天墜落呢?難道它總是在傍晚遭受月蝕,而從不曾在黎明時分受苦嗎?但在你們中間,它習慣只在傍晚時分受苦,就是肚腹被豐盛的晚餐撐脹之時,頭腦被更大的杯盞攪得暈眩之時。
For you were shouting lest, if you kept silent, the element should perish: as though it were feeble and weak, and, unless aided by your voices, could not defend the luminaries it had created; well then do you act, who furnish consolation to the Godhead, that with your help it may be able to rule heaven. But if you wish to do this more fully, you ought to keep vigil through whole and entire nights: for how often, do you suppose, while you are sleeping, has the moon suffered violence, and yet has not fallen from heaven? Or does it always suffer eclipse around evening, and never sometimes labour around dawn? But among you it has been wont to labour only in the evening hours, when the belly is distended with a plentiful supper, when the head is set reeling by larger cups.
93:6
Tunc igitur apud vos laborat luna, quando laborat et vinum, tunc, inquam, apud Vos turbatur carminibus globus lunæ, quando calicibus turbantur et oculi. Quomodo igitur, h ebrius, videre potes circa lunam quid agatur in coelo, qui circa te non vides quod agatur in terra? Hoc est plane, quod ait Salomon dicens: Stultus ut luna mutatur (Eccle. XVII). i Mutaris enim, sicut luna, dum stultus et insiptens ad motum ejus, qui Christianus fueras, iocipis esse sacrilegus. Sacrilegium J enim Creatori committitur, dum imbecillitas ascribitur creaturæ. Mutaris ergo, sicut luna, ut qui paulo.te adei devotione fulgebas, postea perfidiæ infirmitate deficias;
所以,月亮在你們中間受苦,乃是在酒也在「受苦」(發作)之時;我說,月亮的圓球在你們中間被咒語攪擾,乃是在你們的眼睛也被杯盞攪亂之時。那麼,你這醉酒的人,怎能看見天上月亮周圍所發生的事呢?你連自己周圍地上所發生的事都看不見。這正是所羅門所說的:愚昧人如月亮般變幻(德訓篇第二十七章)。因為你如月亮般變幻,當你在它的運行前愚昧無知,你這原是基督徒的人,卻開始成為褻瀆者。因為當人把軟弱歸於受造物時,就是對造物主犯了褻瀆之罪。所以你如月亮般變幻,以致你這稍前還以敬神的虔誠發光的人,後來卻因不信的軟弱而虧損;
Then, therefore, does the moon labour among you, when the wine also labours; then, I say, is the orb of the moon disturbed among you by incantations, when your eyes too are disturbed by cups. How then, being drunk, can you see what is happening in heaven around the moon, you who around yourself do not see what is happening on earth? This is plainly what Solomon says: A fool is changed like the moon (Ecclesiasticus 27). For you are changed like the moon, when, being foolish and senseless at its motion, you who had been a Christian begin to be sacrilegious. For sacrilege is committed against the Creator when weakness is ascribed to the creature. You are changed, therefore, like the moon, so that you who a little before shone with devotion to God, afterward fail through the infirmity of faithlessness;
93:7
mutaris, k sicut luna, dum cerebrum tuum ita exinanitur sapientia, 1 sicut lunae obscuritas; te vero teterrimæ tenebrae mentis invadunt. Atque utinam, o stulte, m sicut luna muteris! Illa enim cito ad plenitudinem suam redit; tu ad sapientiam nec sero converteris; 336 illa velociter colligit quod amiserat lumen, tu nec tarde fidem recipis quam negasti: gravior ergo tua quam lunae mutatio est; luna defectum luminis patitur, tu salutis. Quam bene scriptura est a de sapiente: Et permanebit cum sole (Psal. LXXI); permanet enim sapiens cum sole, cum eonstantia fidei permanet cum Salvatore. Sed dicet allquis: Luna igitur non laborat? Laborat plane, negare non possumus;
你如月亮般變幻,當你的頭腦如月亮的昏暗般被智慧掏空;那極其可怖的心靈黑暗侵入你。愚昧人哪,但願你真能如月亮般變幻!因為它很快就回復圓滿;你卻連遲遲也不歸向智慧;它迅速重新聚集所失去的光,你卻連緩緩也不重得你所否認的信仰:所以你的變幻比月亮的更嚴重;月亮受的是光的虧損,你受的是救恩的虧損。論到智慧人,經上記得何等好:他必與日頭同存(詩篇七十二篇);因為智慧人與日頭同存,就是他藉信德的堅定與救主同存。但有人要說:那麼月亮豈不受苦嗎?它的確受苦,我們不能否認;
you are changed like the moon, when your brain is so emptied of wisdom, like the darkness of the moon; and the most hideous darkness of mind invades you. And would that, O fool, you were changed like the moon! For it quickly returns to its fullness; you are not converted to wisdom even late; it swiftly gathers again the light it had lost, you do not even tardily recover the faith you have denied: your change, therefore, is graver than the moon's; the moon suffers loss of light, you loss of salvation. How well is it written of the wise man: And he shall endure with the sun (Psalm 72); for the wise man endures with the sun, since by the constancy of faith he endures with the Saviour. But someone will say: Does the moon then not labour? It labours indeed, we cannot deny it;
93:8
sed laborat cum caeteris creaturis, sicut Apostolus dicit: Quia omnis creatura ingemiscit, et parturit utque adhuc (Rom. VIII); et infra: Quoniam et ipsa creatura liberabitur a servitute corruptinis, et reliqua. Liberabitur, inquit, a servitute; vides ergo, quoniam luna non laborat carminibus, sed laborat obsequiis; non laborat periculis, sed laborat officiis; non laborat ut pereat, sed laborat ut serviat. Vanitati enim creatura subjecta at non sponte (Ibid.), et reliqua. Ergo luna a statu suo non sponte mutatur, tu de sensu tuo sponte mutaris; illa in diminutionem sui conditione deducitur, tu in detrimentum tui voluntate pertraheris. Nolo igitur, frater, ita sis, sicut luna, cum deficit;
但它是與其餘的受造物一同受苦,正如使徒所說:受造之物一同歎息勞苦,直到如今(羅馬書第八章);下文又說:因為受造之物本身也必得釋放,脫離敗壞的轄制,以及其餘的話。他說,它必得釋放,脫離轄制;那麼你就看見,月亮並非在咒語下受苦,乃是在順服中勞苦;它並非在危險中勞苦,乃是在服事中勞苦;它並非為要滅亡而勞苦,乃是為要服事而勞苦。因為受造之物服在虛空之下,並非出於自願(同上),以及其餘的話。所以月亮從它的常態變化並非出於自願,你卻是出於自願從你的心思變化;它是因其本分被引向自身的虧減,你卻是憑你的意志被拖向自身的損害。因此,弟兄啊,我不願你像那虧缺時的月亮;
but it labours together with the rest of creatures, as the Apostle says: For every creature groans and is in travail even until now (Romans 8); and further below: Because the creature itself also shall be delivered from the bondage of corruption, and the rest. It shall be delivered, he says, from bondage; you see, then, that the moon does not labour under incantations, but labours in obediences; it labours not amid perils, but in services; it labours not that it may perish, but that it may serve. For the creature was made subject to vanity, not willingly (ibid.), and the rest. Therefore the moon is changed from its state not willingly, you are changed from your mind willingly; it is led to its diminution by its condition, you are dragged to your own detriment by your will. I would not, therefore, brother, have you be like the moon when it wanes;
93:9
sed esto, sicut quando est plena atque perfecta; scriptum est enim de justo: Sicut luna in æternum, et testis in cœlo fidelis (Psal. LXXXVIII).
倒要像它圓滿完全的時候;因為論到義人,經上記著:如月亮永遠堅立,又如天上確實的見證(詩篇八十九篇)。
but be like it when it is full and complete; for it is written of the just man: Like the moon for ever, and a faithful witness in heaven (Psalm 89).
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