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都靈的馬克西姆斯

講道集 第 191 章

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191:1
Ante dies cum sanctorum Alexandri, Martyrii et Sisinnii natalem festivissime curaremus, hoc præcipue in eorum passione laudavimus, quod dum sacrilegis resistunt, esse martyres meruerunt, et dum eorum superstitionibus contradicunt, palmam justitiæ sunt adepti. Non enim ea causa morti addicti sunt ab his qui Christiani essent, sed propterea magis ad pœnam rapti sunt, quod increparentur sacrilegi, quod Christiani devotique non essent. Pacis ergo tempore, quo nullus rex persecutor urget, sanctos vero martyres fecit non publica persecutio, sed rcligiosa devotio. Non enim timuerunt salutis propriæ subire discrimen, dum saluti cupiunt providere multorum.
數日前,當我們極其隆重地守聖亞歷山大、瑪爾提留與西西尼的誕辰時,我們在他們的受難中尤其讚美這一點:他們抵擋褻聖之人,就配得成為殉道者;他們反對那些人的迷信,就得著了公義的棕枝。因為他們被處死,不是因為他們是基督徒,而毋寧是為此被拉去受刑:因為褻聖之人被責備,因為那些人不是基督徒、不敬虔。所以在太平時期,沒有迫害的君王逼壓,使人成為真殉道者的,不是公開的迫害,而是虔敬的敬虔。因為他們不懼冒自己救恩的危險,只因他們切望為眾人的救恩籌謀。
Some days ago, when we most festively kept the birthday of the holy Alexander, Martyrius, and Sisinnius, this especially in their passion did we praise: that, while they resisted the sacrilegious, they merited to be martyrs, and while they gainsaid their superstitions, they attained the palm of justice. For they were not condemned to death for the reason that they were Christians, but rather they were seized to punishment for this: that the sacrilegious were rebuked, that they were not Christians and devout. In a time of peace, therefore, in which no persecuting king pressed, it was not public persecution that made the true holy martyrs, but religious devotion. For they feared not to undergo the peril of their own salvation, while they desired to provide for the salvation of many.
191:2
Nam cum perspicerent in regione sua gentiles homines assueto sacrilegio, quod lustrum vocant funestis circuitionibus loca universa polluere, et innocentes quosque vel absentes, si non cooscientia vel conniventia maculare; maculat enim conniventia eum qui, cum contradicendo prohibere potuit ne fieret, ut fieret quasi dissimulando permisit. Cum igitur bac beati viri cernerent, increpaverunt eos constanter, fideliicr objurgarunt, et hoc praestiterunt ut ibi martyres fierent, et persecutores suos Ghristianos efficerent. Ergo, fratres, quia habemus exemplum, imitemur sanctos viros, si non passionis martyrio, vel certe Christianitatis officio.
因為當他們察覺在自己地區的外邦人,按他們慣常的褻聖行為(他們稱之為「潔淨祭」),以致命的巡遊玷污一切地方,甚至沾污無辜之人、或那些缺席的人——若非藉他們的贊同,就藉他們的默許(因為默許沾污了那人:當他本可藉反對阻止事情發生,卻彷彿以佯裝不知而容許其成就)——所以,當這些蒙福的人辨明這些事時,他們堅定地責備他們,忠信地訓斥他們,並成就了這事:他們在那裡成為殉道者,又使自己的迫害者成為基督徒。所以弟兄們,既然我們有這榜樣,就讓我們效法這些聖人,即或不藉受難的殉道,至少藉基督徒本分的職守。
For when they perceived that in their own region the gentile men, by their accustomed sacrilege, which they call a lustration, were polluting all the places with deadly processions, and were staining even the innocent, or those who were absent, if not by their consent, then by their connivance—for connivance stains the man who, when by contradicting he could have prevented it from happening, as it were by dissembling permitted that it be done—when, therefore, the blessed men discerned these things, they rebuked them constantly, faithfully upbraided them, and effected this: that there they became martyrs, and made their persecutors into Christians. Therefore, brethren, since we have an example, let us imitate the holy men, if not by the martyrdom of passion, then at least by the office of Christianity.
191:3
Et quia audivimus lustrum a nonnullis sacrilegis mitti solere exemplo sanctorum, objurgemus impios, castigemus errantes; portio enim martyrii est fecisse quod martyres. Caeterum, si vidente hoc tacemus, silentes et patimur, reos nos statuimus, si non operatione sceleris, attamen dissimulationis assensu. Nam, sicut obviare sacrilegiis contradicentem justificat, ita dissimulare quae videris maculat reticentem. Solent enim plerique miseri dicere: Nescio, non jussi, causa mea non est, non me tangit. Sed haec, ut dixi, loquitur miser quisque vel trepidus; negat enim se jussisse fieri, qui noluit jubere ne fieret. Nam utique malum quod de consuetudine venit, cum non coerceatur, admittitur.
我們既已聽聞某些褻瀆聖物之人竟仿效聖徒而慣行贖罪祭禮,就當責備那些不敬虔的人,管教那些走入迷途的人;因為做出殉道者所做的事,乃是殉道的一部分。然而,倘若我們眼見此事卻緘默,並以沉默容忍之,我們便使自己成為有罪的人——縱使不是因親手作惡,至少也因以佯裝不知而默許。因為正如出面反對並斥責褻瀆之舉能使人稱義,同樣,對自己所見之事佯作不知,也玷污那閉口不言的人。許多可憐之人慣常說:「我不知道,不是我下令的,這與我無干,這不干我的事。」但正如我所說,只有可憐或膽怯的人才這樣說;因為那不肯下令禁止此事發生的人,其實就是默許此事發生。因為凡出於習慣而來的惡,若不加以約束,便等於被容許了。
And since we have heard that a lustrum is wont to be offered by certain sacrilegious men after the example of the saints, let us rebuke the impious, let us chastise those who err; for it is a portion of martyrdom to have done what the martyrs did. But if, seeing this, we keep silent, and by our silence also suffer it, we set ourselves up as guilty — if not by the working of the crime, yet by the assent of our pretended ignorance. For just as to oppose and speak against sacrileges justifies a man, so to feign ignorance of what you have seen stains the one who holds his tongue. For very many wretched men are wont to say: 'I do not know, I did not order it, it is no concern of mine, it does not touch me.' But this, as I have said, only the wretched or the timid say; for he denies that he ordered it to be done who was unwilling to give the order that it should not be done. For assuredly an evil that comes from custom, when it is not restrained, is thereby admitted.
191:4
Causa, inquit, mea non est. Falleris et ignoras: nescis quia Dei causa cunctorum est, et quod ab uno peccatur in pluribus vindicatur. Nam, sicut unius sanctificantur sanctitate multi, ita unius sacrilegio plurimi polluuntur. Et ideo malum, quod licet ab altero, te tamen sciente committitur, tangit te, dum tua conscientia tenetur inclusum. Nescio autem, fratres, quid illud sit, quod Dei præcepta tam dissimulanter exsequimur, qui quod principes sarculi jusserint, omnes sollicite obaudiunt, omnes eorum vigilanter jussa custodiunt. Deus præcipit, et ad ejus praecepta domumus. Quoties mandavit idem Deus idolorum sacrilegia destruenda, et nunquam ad hanc partem solliciti esse volumus?
他說:「這不干我的事。」你受騙了,你無知:你不曉得神的事乃是眾人的事,一人所犯的罪要在眾人身上追討。因為正如許多人因一人的聖潔而得成聖,同樣,許多人也因一人的褻瀆而被玷污。因此,那雖由他人所犯、卻是在你知情之下所犯的惡,只要它被封閉存留在你的良心裡,便觸及你。然而,弟兄們,我不明白這是怎麼回事:我們竟如此漫不經心地遵行神的誡命;而對於世上君王所吩咐的,眾人卻都殷勤聽從,眾人都警醒遵守他們的命令。神吩咐,我們對祂的訓誡卻昏睡不理。這同一位神多少次吩咐要毀滅偶像的褻瀆之物,我們卻從不肯在這事上留心?
'It is no concern of mine,' he says. You are deceived and in ignorance: you do not know that the cause of God is the cause of all, and that what is sinned by one is avenged in many. For just as many are sanctified by the holiness of one, so very many are defiled by the sacrilege of one. And therefore the evil which, though committed by another, is nevertheless committed with your knowledge, touches you, so long as it is held shut up within your conscience. But I do not know, brethren, what this may be, that we carry out the commandments of God so negligently — we who, whatever the princes of the world command, all anxiously obey, all vigilantly keep their orders. God commands, and to His precepts we sleep. How often has this same God commanded that the sacrileges of idols be destroyed, and we have never been willing to be concerned about this matter?
191:5
Semper dissimulavimus, semper sprevimus. Postea nos admonuit imperiale præceptum. Videte quanta Divinitatis sit derogatio hæc humanæ potestatis adjectio. Aut quid de nobis judicatur, qui quam religiose vivere non devotione cogimur, sed terrore. Principes quidem tam boni Christiani leges pro religione promulgant, sed eas exsecutores non exerunt competenter. Et ideo exuto a culpa principe, exsecutor remanet in reatu, qui, si acrimoniam legis exercet, et ipse peccato absolvitur, et pro saluta multorum æterna mercede donabitur.
我們一向佯作不知,一向藐視此事。後來有一道帝王的詔令警戒我們。你們且看,這人間權柄的介入,對神性是何等大的貶損。或者說,對我們該作何評斷呢?我們竟不是出於虔誠、而是出於恐懼才被迫敬虔度日。作為如此良善基督徒的君王們為了信仰而頒布律法,然而執行者卻未按當盡之責去執行。因此,君王雖脫去罪咎,執行者卻仍陷在罪責中;反之,他若嚴格施行律法,他自己也就得赦免其罪,並要為眾人的得救而獲賜永恆的賞賜。
We have always feigned ignorance, we have always despised it. Afterwards an imperial decree admonished us. See how great a disparagement of the Godhead is this addition of human power. Or what judgment is passed upon us, who are compelled to live religiously not out of devotion but out of fear? Princes who are such good Christians promulgate laws for the sake of religion, but the executors do not carry them out as they ought. And therefore, the prince being cleared of blame, the executor remains in guilt; whereas, if he exercises the rigor of the law, he too is absolved of sin, and for the salvation of many he shall be granted an eternal reward.
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