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都靈的馬克西姆斯

講道集 第 123 章

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123:1
427 Optime meriti de S. Maximo Martenius et Durandus Benedictini tnonachi congreg. S. Mauri habendi sunt, cum sermonem hunc et alios quinque in schedis Mabillonii repertos publicarint, ut dictum est supra. His accedit testimonium codicis Sangallensis num. 87 Maximo eum tribuentis, et cod. Taurinensis num. 43. Quamobrem et Dos eidem sancto præsuli sermonem hujusmodi ascribimus. Accedit hujus cum superiore connexio. Retinet vestra sanctitas, fratres, quod in die festivissimæ Epiphaniæ diximus in Jordane Dominum baptizatum, et prosecuti sumus quod nostri magis causa quam sui voluerit hoc mysterio consecrari. Nostri plane causa hæc universa perfecit.
本篤會、聖毛祿會眾的隱修士馬爾泰納(Martène)與杜蘭(Durand),該當被視為對聖馬克西姆極有貢獻,因為他們刊布了這篇講道以及在馬比隆(Mabillon)文件中所發現的另外五篇,如上文所述。此外還有聖加倫抄本第八十七號的佐證,把它歸於馬克西姆,以及都靈抄本第四十三號的佐證。因此我們也把這樣一篇講道歸於這同一位聖主教。再者,這篇與前一篇也有連貫之處。弟兄們,你們這些聖者記得我們在那至為隆重的厄比法尼之日所說的:主在約旦河受了洗,而我們也詳論了這一點:祂願藉這奧秘受祝聖,多是為我們而非為祂自己。祂成就這一切,顯然是為我們。
Martène and Durand, Benedictine monks of the congregation of St. Maur, are to be held very well deserving of St. Maximus, since they published this sermon and five others found in the papers of Mabillon, as was said above. To these is added the testimony of the codex of St. Gall, no. 87, attributing it to Maximus, and of the codex of Turin, no. 43. Wherefore we too ascribe a sermon of this kind to that same holy prelate. There is added also the connexion of this with the preceding. Your holiness retains, brethren, what we said on the day of the most festive Epiphany, that the Lord was baptized in the Jordan, and we pursued the point that He willed to be consecrated by this mystery more for our sake than for His own. Plainly for our sake He accomplished all these things.
123:2
Nam illi ad quem profectum necessaria consecratio, qui ipse est sacramentum? Ad quem usum in eo mysterii solemnitas, in quo est plenitudo mysterii ? In ipso est enim plenitudo, sicut ait Apostolus: Quoniam in ipso habitat omnia plenitudo Divinitatis corporaliter (Col. II, 9). Et iterum evangelista: De plenitudine ejus omnes accepimus (Joan. 1). Ergo in quo pleuitudo Divinitatis erat, non indigebat ut sacramentorum mysteriis impleretur. Sed ideo mysterium implere voluit, non ut ipse profectum caperet, sed ut nobis plenitudo mysterii proficeret. Denique Joanni Baptiste renitenti et dicenti: Ego a te debeo baptizari9 et tu venis ad me ? ait illi Dominus:
因為,對祂——那位本身就是聖事的——這必需的祝聖有何益處?對祂——那位本身就有奧秘之圓滿的——那奧秘的隆重慶典有何用處?因為圓滿在祂之內,正如宗徒所說:「因為天主性的一切圓滿,都以形體的方式居住在祂內」(哥二9)。聖史又說:「從祂的圓滿裡,我們都領受了」(若一)。所以,那位擁有天主性圓滿的,並不需要被聖事的奧秘所充滿。但祂願履行這奧秘,理由乃在此:不是為祂自己得益,而是為使這奧秘的圓滿使我們得益。總之,洗者若翰抗拒說:「我本該受你的洗,你反而來就我嗎?」主就對他說:
For to Him what profit was the necessary consecration, who is Himself the sacrament? To what use was the solemnity of a mystery in Him, in whom is the fullness of the mystery? For in Him is the fullness, as the Apostle says: 'For in Him dwelleth all the fullness of the Godhead bodily' (Col. II, 9). And again the Evangelist: 'Of His fullness we have all received' (John I). Therefore He in whom was the fullness of the Godhead had no need to be filled by the mysteries of the sacraments. But He willed to fulfil the mystery for this reason, not that He Himself might gain profit, but that the fullness of the mystery might profit us. In short, to John the Baptist, who resisted and said: 'I ought to be baptized by Thee, and comest Thou to me?' the Lord said to him:
123:3
Sine, modo sic enim oportet nos implere omnem justitiam (Matth. III). Implere, inquit, omnem justitiam. Cur ergo baptizatur Dominus? Non justitia justificat Christum, sed ipsa justitia sanctificatur a Christo, et semiplena virtus ab eo impletur cui inest plenitudo virtutum. Ait igitur Joannes: Ego a te debeo baptizari; contestat ergo Dominum non sui causa esse baptizatum, cum antequam baptizaretur ab eo se magis baptizari Joannes expostulabat. Demonstrat enim hoc dicendo majorem gratiam esse in mysterio Domini quam in magistro mysterii. Quid enim illi consecrationis poterat tradere, a 428 quo sancti8cationem accipere ipse optabat?
「你暫且容許罷;因為我們該當這樣履行全部的義德」(瑪三)。祂說:「履行全部的義德。」那麼主為什麼受洗呢?並非義德使基督成義,而是義德本身被基督所祝聖,那半滿的德行被那位擁有諸德圓滿的祂所充滿。所以若翰說:「我本該受你的洗」;他如此見證:主並非為自己而受洗,因為在祂受若翰的洗以前,若翰反倒要求受祂的洗。因為他這樣說,就顯明了:在主的奧秘中,比在奧秘之師傅身上,有更大的恩典。因為他這位自己渴望從主領受祝聖的人,又能把什麼祝聖傳給主呢?
'Suffer it now; for thus it becometh us to fulfil all righteousness' (Matt. III). 'To fulfil,' He says, 'all righteousness.' Why then is the Lord baptized? Righteousness does not justify Christ, but righteousness itself is sanctified by Christ, and a half-full virtue is filled by Him in whom is the fullness of virtues. John therefore says: 'I ought to be baptized by Thee'; he thus attests that the Lord was not baptized for His own sake, since before He was baptized by him, John was demanding rather to be baptized by Him. For he shows this by his saying, that there is greater grace in the mystery of the Lord than in the master of the mystery. For what consecration could he impart to Him, from whom he himself desired to receive sanctification?
123:4
Inferior enim erat magister meritis quam discipulus sanctitate' Christi enim comparatione, et magister imperitus, et justitia semiplena, et aqua est turbulenta. At ubi baptizatur Dominus, benedictioni ejus et magister proficit, et justitia impletur, et unda purgatur. Purgata est enim unda, quæ cum esset vilis et frigida, benedictionis dominicæ calore ditata est: ita ut quae vix antea mundanas rerum maculas diluerit, nunc spirituales purificet maculas animarum. Nec miremini quod aquam, hoc est substantiam corporalem, ad purificandam animam dicimus pervenire. Pervenit plane, penetrat conscientiæ universa latibula.
因為那位施行者在功德上不及那位受洗者在聖德上;因為與基督相比,施行者也是不熟練的,公義只是一半完成的,水也是渾濁的。但當主受洗時,藉著祂的祝福,施行者得以長進,公義得以成全,水波得以潔淨。因為水波已被潔淨,它本是低賤而冰冷的,卻因主祝福的溫暖而變得豐盛:以致從前僅能勉強洗去世物污穢的水,如今能潔淨眾靈魂屬靈的污穢。你們不要驚訝,我們說水,就是有形的物質,竟能達到潔淨靈魂的地步。它確實達到了;它穿透良心一切隱密之處。
For the master was inferior in merits to the disciple in holiness; for in comparison with Christ the master too was unskilled, the righteousness only half-complete, and the water turbid. But when the Lord is baptized, by His blessing both the master advances, and righteousness is fulfilled, and the wave is purified. For the wave has been purified, which, though it was cheap and cold, was enriched by the warmth of the Lord's blessing: so that what before could scarcely wash away the worldly stains of things now purifies the spiritual stains of souls. And do not marvel that we say water, that is, a bodily substance, reaches to the purifying of the soul. It reaches indeed; it penetrates all the hiding-places of the conscience.
123:5
Quamvis enim ipsa sublilis et tenuis, benedictione tamen Christi facta subtilior, per occultas vitai causas ad scelera animae spiritus rore pertransit. Subtilior enim est benedictionum fluxus quam aquarum meatus. Unde et diximus quod in Salvatoris baptismate beuedictio, quæ defluxit tanquam fluvius specialis, omnium gurgitum tractus et cunctorum fontium venas infecerit. Mirum enim, inquam, dum, Christo in Jordane posito, aquarum quidem flumina lavantur. Sed et benedictionum fluenta currebant, inde alvei gurges turbidior ferebatur.
因為水本身雖然精微而稀薄,卻因基督的祝福變得更精微,藉著生命隱密的通道,如同帶露的靈,臨到靈魂的罪過。因為祝福的流動比水流更精微。因此我們也曾說,在救主的洗禮中,那如同特殊河流傾流而下的祝福,浸透了一切深淵的水道與一切泉源的脈流。我說,這實在奇妙:當基督置身於約旦河時,水流固然得以洗淨;但祝福的水流也在奔湧,因此河床的漩渦被沖激得更加洶湧。
For although the water itself is subtle and thin, yet made subtler by Christ's blessing, through the hidden channels of life it passes as a dewy spirit against the sins of the soul. For the flow of blessings is subtler than the passage of waters. Hence we have also said that in the Saviour's baptism the blessing, which flowed down like a special river, imbued the courses of all the deeps and the veins of all the springs. For it is a marvel, I say, that while Christ was set in the Jordan, the streams of waters indeed were washed; but the currents of blessings also ran, and from thence the eddy of the channel was borne more turbulent.
123:6
Hinc fons Salvatoris purissimus emundabat, et stupore quodam deorsum ad Jordanis originem consecratio baptismatis ascendebat, et contra aquarum fluvium benedictionum fluvius ferebatur. Unde David sanctus arbitror dixisse: Jordanis conversus est retrorsum (Psal. cxm). In baptismate enim Christi retrorsum Jordanis non aquis conversus est, sed sacramentis, et ex natura sui originem benedictione magis quam substantia remeavit. Dum enim consecrationis gratia per eum cunctis fontibus circumfertur, videtur cursum proprium ad venarum exordiunt revocasse. Explicit.
因此救主至潔的泉源施行潔淨,並以某種驚奇之勢,洗禮的祝聖竟向下逆流上溯至約旦河的源頭,祝福的河逆著水流的河而行。因此我認為聖大衛曾說:「約旦河倒流。」(詩一一四篇)因為在基督的洗禮中,約旦河倒流並非因水,而是因聖事,且它回歸本源更多是藉祝福而非藉物質。因為當祝聖的恩典藉著它被傳送到一切泉源時,它似乎將自己的水流召回到源脈的起點。全篇完。
Hence the most pure fountain of the Saviour cleansed, and by a certain amazement the consecration of baptism ascended downward toward the source of the Jordan, and against the river of waters the river of blessings was borne. Whence I judge holy David to have said: The Jordan was turned back (Ps. 114). For in Christ's baptism the Jordan was turned back not by waters but by sacraments, and returned to its own origin more by blessing than by substance. For while the grace of consecration was carried through it to all the springs, it seems to have called back its own course to the beginning of the veins. It ends.
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