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都靈的馬克西姆斯

講道集 第 179 章

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179:1
Sanctis Ambrosio et Augustino, in veteribus opp. horum Patrum editionibus, bunc sermonem attributum videmus; in codice Casinensi eXI, fot. 205 a tergo, sancto Leuni; in codicibus vero Urbevetano, et Vaticanis duobus 1269, et 1272, nemini; at non modo in præclarissimis Ambrosiano et Sanctae Crucis in Jerusalem 90 et 99, sed etiam in Laurentianis duobus, id est 59 Plut. XVII, et 174 BilI. olim Ædil. eccl. metrop. Florent., ac præterea in Vaticano 6451, in Vercellensi 66, in Mediolanensi bibl. imperial. basil. Sancli Ambrosii pag. 214, in Chisiano 16 pag. 8, in Farfensi, in Casinensi 122 pag. 108, et in Passionario Lucensi p. †, S. episcopo Taurinensium Maximo nuncupatum legimus.
在這幾位教父著作的舊版中,我們看見這篇講道被歸於聖安博羅削和聖奧古斯丁;在卡西諾抄本一一一號、第二〇五葉背面則歸於聖良;但在奧爾維耶托抄本,以及兩部梵蒂岡抄本一二六九號和一二七二號中,則不歸於任何人。然而不僅在極為著名的安博羅削抄本以及耶路撒冷聖十字架抄本九〇號和九九號中,並且在兩部勞倫齊亞納抄本中——即書架十七號第五十九部,和原屬佛羅倫斯都主教座堂圖書館的第一七四部——此外還在梵蒂岡六四五一號、韋爾切利六六號、聖安博羅削大殿帝國圖書館的米蘭抄本第二一四頁、基吉一六號第八頁、法爾法抄本、卡西諾一二二號第一〇八頁,以及盧卡的殉道錄第(劍號)頁中,我們讀到它題獻給都靈主教聖馬克西姆斯。
We see this sermon attributed to Saints Ambrose and Augustine in the old editions of the works of these Fathers; in the Cassinese codex 111, folio 205 on the reverse, to St. Leo; but in the codices of Orvieto, and in two Vatican ones, 1269 and 1272, to no one. Yet not only in the most illustrious Ambrosian and in the Holy Cross in Jerusalem codices 90 and 99, but also in two Laurentian ones — that is, 59 of Pluteus XVII, and 174 of the library formerly of the metropolitan church of Florence — and moreover in the Vatican 6451, in the Vercelli 66, in the Milan codex of the imperial library of the basilica of St. Ambrose, page 214, in the Chigi 16, page 8, in the Farfa one, in the Cassinese 122, page 108, and in the Passionary of Lucca, page (dagger), we read it inscribed to St. Maximus, bishop of the Turinese.
179:2
Huic igitur eumdem inscribendum esse existimavimus; ejusque fragmentum nondum editum, ex laudatis Laurentianis codicibus inscriptum, ad vulgatum attexuimus. Beatissimi Laurentii martyris, cujus natalem hodie celebramus, passionem * nosse vos credo; et quanta in persecutione pertulerit, dilectionem vestram scire posse non dubito. b Tanta enim fnartyrii ejus gloria exstitit, ut passione sua mundum illuminaverit universum. Illuminavit plane c mundum Laurentius eo lumine quo ipse succensus est, d et flammis quas ipse pertulit, omnium Christianorum corda calefecit. Quis enim hoc exemplo e nolit pro Christo ardere cum Laurentio, ut possit a Christo cum Laurentio coronari ?
所以我們判定,這同一篇講道當歸於他;並且把它那尚未刊行、從所稱讚的勞倫齊亞納抄本中謄錄的殘篇,附加於通行的正文之後。我相信你們知道至有福的殉道者勞倫斯(羅倫佐)的受難,我們今日正慶祝他的誕辰;我也不懷疑,你們的愛心必能知道他在逼迫中受了何等的苦。因為他殉道的榮耀是如此之大,以致他藉自己的受難光照了普世。勞倫斯確實用那點燃他自己的光光照了世界,並用他自己所忍受的火焰溫暖了眾基督徒的心。因為以這榜樣,有誰不願與勞倫斯一同為基督燃燒,好使自己能與勞倫斯一同被基督加冠呢?
Therefore we have judged that this same sermon should be inscribed to him; and its fragment, not yet published, transcribed from the praised Laurentian codices, we have attached to the common text. I believe that you know the passion of the most blessed martyr Lawrence, whose birthday we celebrate today; and I do not doubt that your charity is able to know how much he endured in the persecution. For so great was the glory of his martyrdom, that by his suffering he enlightened the whole world. Lawrence plainly enlightened the world by that light with which he himself was kindled, and by the flames which he himself endured he warmed the hearts of all Christians. For who by this example would not wish to burn for Christ with Lawrence, that he might be crowned by Christ with Lawrence?
179:3
f Quis nolit ad horam I 581 sustinere Lau-rentii ignem, ut aeternum gehennæ non patiatur incendium? h Beati igitur Lanrentii exemplo provocamur ad martyrinm, accendimur ad fidem, incalescimus ad devotionem. i Etsi nobis persecutoris flamma deest, fidei tamen flamma non deest. i Non ardemus quidem corpore pro Christo, sed ardemus affectu. Non subjicit mihi persecutor ignem, k sed suggerit mihi ignem desiderium Salvatoris. Esse autem Salvatoris ignem legimus in Evangelio, dicente eodem Domino: Nescitis quia veni ignem mittere 1 i. terram; et quid volo, nisi ut accendatur (Luc. XII, 49)? m Quo igne succensi, Amahps et Cleophas dixerunt:
有誰不願忍受一小時勞倫斯的火,好叫自己不受地獄永遠的焚燒呢?所以,藉著蒙福勞倫斯的榜樣,我們被激勵去殉道,被點燃向著信德,被溫暖向著虔誠。雖然我們缺少逼迫者的火焰,然而信德的火焰卻不缺少。我們固然不在身體上為基督燃燒,卻在情感中燃燒。逼迫者不在我下面放火,但救主的渴慕卻供給我火。我們在福音書中讀到有救主的火,就是這同一位主所說的:「你們豈不知道我來要把火丟在地上;我所願意的,不過是叫火燃起來嗎?」(路加福音第十二章49節)。被這火點燃的,那位同伴與革流巴說:
Who would not wish to endure for an hour the fire of Lawrence, that he might not suffer the eternal burning of hell? By the example of blessed Lawrence, therefore, we are stirred to martyrdom, kindled to faith, warmed to devotion. Although the flame of the persecutor is lacking to us, yet the flame of faith is not lacking. We do not indeed burn in body for Christ, but we burn in affection. The persecutor does not put fire beneath me, but the desire of the Saviour supplies fire to me. And that there is a fire of the Saviour we read in the Gospel, the same Lord saying: 'Do you not know that I came to send fire upon the earth; and what do I wish, but that it be kindled?' (Luke 12:49). Kindled by which fire, Amaus (Cleopas' companion) and Cleopas said:
179:4
Nonne cor nostrum ardens erat in nobis n, dum loques retur nobis in via, et aperire' nobis Scripturam (Lac. xxiv, 32) ? Hoc igitur igne etiam beatus Laurentius accensus flammarum P nOli sentit incendia, q et dum Christi ardet desiderio, persecutoris r pœna non anlet In quantum enim in illo Mei ardor s fervet, in tantum supplicii flamma frigescit. Corporali enim beatus Laurentius t laborabat incendio. Hinc amori Christi succenditur, inde persecutoris flamma torquetur; sed divinus Salvatoris ardor materialem tyranni u exstinguit ardorem. Quamvis enim in favilla membra solvantur, fidei tamen fortitudo no. solvitur * corpus quidem detrimentum sustinet, sed lucrum y salutis acquirit.
當祂在路上與我們說話,向我們開啟聖經的時候,我們的心豈不是在我們裡面火熱嗎(路加福音二十四章32節)?因此,蒙福的勞倫斯也被這同一團火點燃,感覺不到烈焰的焚燒;當他為著渴慕基督而燃燒時,逼迫者的刑罰便使他毫無痛苦。因為基督之愛的熱度在他裡面熾烈到何等地步,酷刑的火焰便冷卻到何等地步。蒙福的勞倫斯確實在肉身的火中受苦。一面他被對基督的愛所點燃,另一面他被逼迫者的火焰所折磨;然而救主神聖的熱愛熄滅了暴君那物質的火。因為即使他的肢體化為灰燼,他信德的剛強卻不會瓦解;他的身體固然受了損傷,卻獲得了救恩的益處。
Was not our heart burning within us, while he spoke to us on the way and opened the Scriptures to us (Luke 24:32)? Kindled therefore by this same fire, blessed Lawrence too feels not the burning of the flames; and while he blazes with longing for Christ, the punishment of the persecutor gives him no pain. For in the measure that the ardour of Christ glows in him, in that same measure the flame of his torment grows cold. Blessed Lawrence indeed was labouring under a bodily fire. On the one side he is set ablaze by love of Christ, on the other he is tormented by the persecutor's flame; but the divine ardour of the Saviour extinguished the material fire of the tyrant. For although his limbs are dissolved into ashes, yet the strength of his faith is not dissolved: his body indeed suffers loss, but it gains the profit of salvation.
179:5
x Non enim, fratres, beatus Laurentius cita vel simplici passione perimitur. Nam, qui 582 gladio percutitur, semel moritur, qui aa flammarum camino mergitur, uno impetuliberalur; hic autem longa et multiplici pœna crueiatur, bb et mors ei non desit ad supplicium, et desit ad flnem. Dicitur enim ab illo sævissimo persecutora hæc illi continuata poena, ut ardentium exposita mote carbonum, insuper b ferrea crate distentum lenta flamma consumeret, ut non tam innammando cito c interimeret hominem, quandiu exurendo torqueret; ita ut cum unum latus exustum persecutor cerneret, aliud latus ignibus objiceret exurendum.
弟兄們,蒙福的勞倫斯並非以迅速或單一的受難被處死。因為那被刀劍所擊的,只死一次;那被投入烈焰爐中的,一擊便得解脫;但這人卻受著漫長而多重的酷刑折磨,以致死亡對他既不停止作為刑罰,也不臨到作為終結。因為據說那最兇殘的逼迫者對他施行了這連續不斷的刑罰:把他攤放在燒紅的炭火之上,並將他捆綁在鐵網上撐開,用慢火煎熬他,好使他不是被焚燒而迅速喪命,而是在烘烤中受盡折磨;以致當逼迫者看見一面已被燒透,便把另一面轉向火中焚烤。
For blessed Lawrence, brethren, is not put to death by a swift or simple suffering. For he who is struck by the sword dies but once; he who is plunged into a furnace of flames is set free by a single onslaught; but this man is tortured with a long and manifold punishment, so that death neither fails him as torment nor comes to him as an end. For it is said that this continuous punishment was inflicted on him by that most savage persecutor: that, laid out upon a heap of glowing coals and stretched moreover upon an iron grate, a slow flame should consume him, so as not so much to slay the man quickly by burning him, as to torture him while roasting him; so that when the persecutor saw one side burned through, he turned the other side to the fire to be scorched.
179:6
Legimus Ananiam, Azariam et Misaelem beatissimos pueros a rege in camino ignis inclusos in pœnarum suarum deambulasse flammis, et igneos globos pedibus conculcasse (Dan. III). Unde et beatus Laurentius non minori d gloria est præferendus; e siquidem illi in poenarum suarum flammis ambulant, hic et in ipso supplicii sui igne discumbit; illi vestigiis pedum f conculcaverunt incendia, iste laterum suorum diffusione restinguit. Illi, inquam, stantes g in poena elevatis manibus orabant Dominum; hic autem prostratus in sua pocnatoto corpore Dominum h deprecabatur. Iterum beatus Laurentius i in dorsum supinus vertitur, et renes ejus ignibus exuruntur;
我們讀到那三位最蒙福的少年——亞拿尼亞、亞撒利雅和米沙利——被王囚入火窯中,卻在自己刑罰的烈焰中行走,用腳踐踏那火球(但以理書三章)。因此,蒙福的勞倫斯當以毫不遜色的榮耀被高舉;因為他們固然在自己刑罰的烈焰中行走,這人卻在自己酷刑的火中橫臥;他們用腳掌踐踏火焰,這人則用自己身體兩側的攤展將火撲滅。我說,他們站在刑罰中舉手向主禱告;這人卻俯伏在自己的刑罰中,以全身向主懇求。蒙福的勞倫斯又被翻轉仰臥,他的腰被火焚燒;
We read that the most blessed youths Ananias, Azarias and Misael, shut up in a furnace of fire by the king, walked amid the flames of their own punishments and trampled the balls of fire beneath their feet (Daniel 3). Wherefore blessed Lawrence is to be preferred with no lesser glory; for they indeed walk amid the flames of their punishments, but this man even reclines in the very fire of his torment; they trampled the burning coals with the soles of their feet, but he quenched them by the spreading of his own sides. They, I say, standing in their punishment, prayed to the Lord with hands uplifted; but this man, prostrate in his punishment, besought the Lord with his whole body. Again blessed Lawrence is turned over upon his back, and his loins are burned by the fires;
179:7
ut impleretur psalmi prophetia quæ dicit ex persona Laurentii: Proba me, Domine, et tenta me; i ure renes meos, et cor meum (Psal. XXV). k Duplici se utique postulat. 583 igne comburi. Nam si de uno et solo mundi igne loqueretur, sufficeret renes tantum exurendos incendiis obtulisse. Cor autem l nisi Christi flamma non uritur; atque ideo ad comparandam devotionem suam geminum sibi ignem postulat, ut, luctamine habito, m ostendisset plus posse ainorem Christi quam pœnam tyranni. u Honoremus igitur, fratres, beatum Laurentium, qui dum fide sua per- I secutoris tlammas vicit, ostendit nobis per ignem fidei gehennæ incendia superare, 0 et amorc Christi. diem judicii non timere.
為要應驗詩篇中藉勞倫斯之口所說的預言:主啊,求你察驗我,試煉我,熬煉我的肺腑心腸(詩篇二十六篇2節)。他確實求以雙重的火焚燒。因為若他所說的只是世上這唯一的火,那麼把腰獻上被火焰焚燒便已足夠。然而心除了被基督的火焰焚燒之外,別無他物能焚燒;因此,為要顯明他的虔敬,他為自己求雙重的火,好使他在爭戰之後,能顯明基督的愛勝過暴君的刑罰。所以弟兄們,讓我們尊崇蒙福的勞倫斯;他既以自己的信德勝過逼迫者的烈焰,便向我們顯明如何藉信德的火勝過地獄的焚燒,並藉基督的愛不懼怕審判之日。
that the prophecy of the psalm might be fulfilled which speaks in the person of Lawrence: Prove me, O Lord, and try me; burn my reins and my heart (Psalm 25:2). Assuredly he asks to be burned with a twofold fire. For if he were speaking of the one sole fire of the world, it would have sufficed to offer his loins alone to be burned by the flames. But the heart is burned by nothing save the flame of Christ; and therefore, to make manifest his devotion, he asks for a double fire for himself, so that, having engaged in the struggle, he might show that the love of Christ can do more than the punishment of the tyrant. Let us honour therefore, brethren, blessed Lawrence, who, while by his faith he conquered the persecutor's flames, showed us how by the fire of faith to overcome the burnings of hell, and by the love of Christ not to fear the day of judgment.
179:8
Nos vero, fratres dilectissimi, si ad consortium sanctorum martyrum pervenire volumus, de imitatione martyrum cogitemus. p Debent eniro in nobis... aliquid de suis virtutibus recognoscere, ut pro nobis dignentur Dominum supplicare. Si enim tormenta quæ sancti martyres pertulerunt sufferre non possumus, contra malas concupiscentias, ipsis intercedentibus, i repugnemus. Et quia non desunt quotidiana peccata, r non desunt etiam quotidiana 584 remedia. s Non se credat aliquam felicitatem vel aliquod verum gaudium in hoc sæculo possidere. Beatitndinem hic præparare potest; possidere non potest. x Duo sibi tempora ordine suo succedunt. Tempus flendi et tempus ridendi.
但我們,最親愛的弟兄們,若願得以進入眾聖殉道者的團契,就當思想效法眾殉道者。因為他們理當在我們身上認出他們自己美德的某些痕跡,好叫他們甘願為我們向主代求。因為我們若不能忍受眾聖殉道者所忍受的酷刑,至少讓我們藉著他們的代求,抵擋那些邪惡的私慾。既然每日的罪過並不缺少,每日的救治也並不缺少。不要有人以為自己在今世擁有任何真正的幸福或任何真正的喜樂。人在此地能預備福樂,卻不能擁有它。兩個時期按其次序彼此相繼:哀哭有時,喜笑有時。
But we, dearly beloved brethren, if we wish to attain to the fellowship of the holy martyrs, let us reflect upon the imitation of the martyrs. For they ought to recognize in us something of their own virtues, that they may deign to entreat the Lord on our behalf. For if we cannot endure the torments which the holy martyrs bore, let us at least, with their intercession, fight against evil desires. And because there is no lack of daily sins, neither is there any lack of daily remedies. Let no one believe that he possesses any true happiness or any true joy in this world. Here one can prepare blessedness; one cannot possess it. Two seasons succeed one another in their order: a time to weep and a time to laugh.
179:9
Nemo se circumveniat, fratres, non est in hoc mundo tempus ridendi. Scimus enim quod omnis homo gaudere desiderat; sed non u toti ibi quærunt gaudium, ubi oportet inquirere. Verum in hoc mundo gaudium non fuit, nec est, nec esse poterit. Si enim ipse Dominus in Evangelio discipulos suos admonet, dicens: In mundo pressuram habebitis (Joan. XVI). Et iterum: Mundus autem gaudebit, vos autem contristabimini sed tristitia vestra vertetur in gaudium vestrum (llrid.). Ila sic in hac vitæ cum labore et dolore, quod bonum est auxiliante Domino faciamus; ut in futuro saeculo honorum fructus colligere cum gaudio et exsultatione.
弟兄們,不要有人自欺:在這世上此時並非喜笑之時。因為我們知道人人都渴望歡喜;但並非所有人都在當尋求喜樂之處尋求喜樂。在這世上實在從來沒有喜樂,如今沒有,將來也絕不可能有。因為主自己在福音書中告誡祂的門徒說:在世上你們有苦難(約翰福音十六章33節)。又說:世人要歡喜,你們卻要憂愁;然而你們的憂愁要變為你們的喜樂(約翰福音十六章20節)。因此在今生,讓我們懷著勞苦與愁苦,靠主的幫助行那美善之事,好叫我們在來世能歡喜快樂地收取善行的果子,
Let no one deceive himself, brethren: this is not the time for laughing in this world. For we know that every man desires to rejoice; but not all seek joy where it ought to be sought. Truly in this world there has been no joy, nor is there, nor will there ever be able to be. For the Lord himself in the Gospel warns his disciples, saying: In the world you shall have tribulation (John 16:33). And again: The world shall rejoice, but you shall be sorrowful; yet your sorrow shall be turned into your joy (John 16:20). Therefore, in this life, with labour and grief, let us do what is good with the Lord's help, that in the age to come we may be able to gather the fruits of our good works with joy and exultation,
179:10
possimus, præstante Domino nostro Jesu Christo, qui vivit et regnat in sæcula sæculorum. Amen.
藉著我們的主耶穌基督,祂活著並掌權,直到永永遠遠。阿們。
through our Lord Jesus Christ, who lives and reigns for ever and ever. Amen.
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