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都靈的馬克西姆斯

講道集 第 9 章

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9:1
Plures sunt codices gravissimae notæ præclaram hanc homiliam Maximo asserentes. Imprimis quatuor codices Vaticanos 1267, pag. 91, 4954, pag. 6, Vatic. Palat. 433, pag. 101, et Vatic. Reginæ 125, page 78, memorabimus quos sequuntur Taurinensis: De nativitate Domini homil. I, Novarienses duo 27, pag. 69, et sig. I. 0, num. it, pag. 20, Augiensis xvi, Casinensis 106, pag. 12, Modoetiensis si. I. E III, Lambacensis, pag. 95, omnes, nomine S. Maximi homiliæ inscripto, perspicuum testimonium præbent. His horumque similibus innixi Gymnicus pag. 12, Galesimus pag. 88, Combefisius tom. I, pag. 206, Cumdius tom. I, pag. 169, Raynaudus pag. 195, Margarinus edit. Lugd. an 1677, tom.
有許多份最具權威的抄本把這篇卓越的講道歸於瑪西模。首先我們要提到四份梵蒂岡抄本:第1267號第91頁、第4954號第6頁、梵蒂岡帕拉丁抄本第433號第101頁,以及梵蒂岡雷吉納抄本第125號第78頁,都靈抄本亦隨之:論主的誕生,第一篇講道;兩份諾瓦拉抄本,第27號第69頁及標記為I. O、第11號第20頁;奧吉恩西斯第16號;卡西諾抄本第106號第12頁;蒙扎抄本si. I. E III;蘭巴赫抄本第95頁——所有這些抄本都在講道上題有聖瑪西模之名,提供了明確的見證。依據這些及其他類似的抄本,金尼庫斯(第12頁)、加勒西尼烏斯(第88頁)、康貝菲斯(第一卷第206頁)、庫姆迪烏斯(第一卷第169頁)、雷諾杜斯(第195頁),以及瑪加里努斯(里昂1677年版,第……卷)
There are many codices of the weightiest authority that assign this excellent homily to Maximus. First of all we shall mention four Vatican codices, 1267, page 91, and 4954, page 6, Vatican Palatine 433, page 101, and Vatican Reginensis 125, page 78, which the Turin codex follows: On the Nativity of the Lord, homily I; two Novara codices, 27, page 69, and marked I. O, number 11, page 20; Augiensis 16; Casinensis 106, page 12; the Monza codex si. I. E III; the Lambach codex, page 95—all of these, with the name of Saint Maximus inscribed on the homily, offer clear testimony. Relying on these and others like them, Gymnicus on page 12, Galesinius on page 88, Combefis in volume I, page 206, Cumdius in volume I, page 169, Raynaudus on page 195, and Margarinus in the Lyons edition of the year 1677, volume
9:2
VI, pag, i, hanc primam homiliarum Maximi de nativit. Dom. edidcrunt. Hodie, fratres carissimi, Christus natus est, nos renati. Hodie Salvator mundi per matrem nascendi tempus accepit, qui de Patre nativitatis non habet tempus. Hodie per hominem Filius Dei ingressus est mundum, cujus manu ante hominem factus est mundus. Hodie habitator coeli venit ad terras, qui terrarum incolas evocaret ad coelum. Mirabilis, inquit, Deus tu sanctis suis (Paal. LXVII). Si in sanctis suis mirabilis Deus, quomodo non in se ipso mirabilis?
第六卷第1頁,把這篇作為瑪西模論主誕生講道的第一篇出版。今日,至親愛的弟兄們,基督降生了,我們則得以重生。今日,世界的救主藉著一位母親領受了誕生的時候——祂從父而言卻沒有誕生的時候。今日,神子藉著一個人進入了世界——世界正是在人存在之前由祂的手所造。今日,那天上的居者來到了大地,好將大地的居民召上天去。經上說:「神在祂的眾聖徒中是可畏的」(詩篇六十七篇)。倘若神在祂的眾聖徒中是奇妙可畏的,祂在自己身上豈不更是奇妙的嗎?
VI, page 1, published this as the first of the homilies of Maximus on the Nativity of the Lord. Today, dearest brethren, Christ is born, and we are reborn. Today the Savior of the world received through a mother the time of his birth—he who from the Father has no time of his birth. Today, through a man, the Son of God has entered the world—he by whose hand, before man existed, the world was made. Today the dweller of heaven has come to earth, that he might call the inhabitants of earth up to heaven. Wonderful, it says, is God in his saints (Psalm 67). If God is wonderful in his saints, how is he not wonderful in himself?
9:3
Si mirabilis in Joanne, quem nasci de Patre senissimo et sterili de matre præcepit, quanto magis in se est mirabilis, qui, ut nostræ conditionis carnem indueret, novum virgini et conceptum dedit et partum. Ait S. Habacuc propheta (Cap. III): Domine, audivi auditionem tuam, et timui; consideravi opera tua, et expavi. Quis non expavescat et metuat tanti profunditatem mysterii, quandoquidem unus idemque 27 sine conceptione natus est Deus, a et sine creante factus est homo. Duas in Christo generationes legimus, fratres carissimi, sed in utraque incomprebensæ divinitatis est virtus. Ibi enim illum ex semetipso genuit Deus: hic eum virgo Deo b operante concepit. Ibi sine initio, hic sine exemplo.
倘若祂在約翰身上是奇妙的——祂吩咐約翰由極其年老的父親和不能生育的母親所生——那麼祂在自己身上豈不更加奇妙?祂為了披上我們這光景的肉身,賜給一位童貞女新的受孕與新的生產。聖先知哈巴谷說(第三章):「主啊,我聽見你的言語就懼怕;我思想你的作為就驚惶。」有誰不對這偉大奧秘的深邃感到驚惶懼怕呢?既然那同一位既無受孕而生為神,又無創造者而成為人。至親愛的弟兄們,我們讀到基督裡有兩重的生成,但在這兩者中都有那不可測度之神性的大能。因為那裡,神從自己生了祂;這裡,童貞女藉神的運行懷了祂。那裡沒有起初,這裡沒有先例。
If he is wonderful in John, whom he commanded to be born of a very old father and a barren mother, how much more is he wonderful in himself, who, that he might put on the flesh of our condition, gave to a virgin a new conception and a new childbirth. The holy prophet Habakkuk says (chapter 3): Lord, I have heard your report and was afraid; I considered your works and was terrified. Who would not be terrified and fear the depth of so great a mystery, seeing that one and the same was born God without conception, and was made man without a creator? We read of two generations in Christ, dearest brethren, but in each there is the power of the incomprehensible Godhead. For there God begot him from himself; here a virgin conceived him by God's working. There without a beginning, here without a precedent.
9:4
Ibi natus ut conderet vitam, hic factus ut tolleret mortem. Ibi Patri natus, hic hominibus procreatus. Illa nativitate hominem fecit, hac generatione hominem liberavit; utramque, fratres, generationem ejus non posse narrari sententia hæc una complectitur. Illa enim est ante hominem, ista supra hominem. Illa incogitabilis, ista mirabilis. Cum autem duas Christi docemur nativitates, non bis asseritur Dei Filius natus, sed gemina in uno Dei Filio confirmatur esse substantia I. Ibi quod erat, natus est; hic quod non erat, factus est. Ait de his beatus evangelista Joannes (Cap. r): In principio erat Verbum, et Verbam erat apud Deum, et Deus erat Verbum. Et iterum: Et Verbum caro factumest.
那裡祂生下來是為建立生命,這裡祂被生出來是為除去死亡。那裡祂為父所生,這裡祂為人所生。藉那前一次的誕生祂造了人,藉這一次的生成祂拯救了人。弟兄們,這一句話便總括了:祂的兩重生成都無法述說。因為前一重是在人之先,後一重是在人之上。前一重是不可思議的,後一重是奇妙的。然而當我們被教導基督有兩重的誕生時,並不是斷言神子誕生了兩次,而是確認在這獨一的神子裡有雙重的本質。那裡,祂本是的,被生了出來;這裡,祂本不是的,被造成了。論到這些事,有福的福音書作者約翰說(第一章):「太初有道,道與神同在,道就是神。」又說:「道成了肉身。」
There he was born to establish life; here he was made to take away death. There he was born to the Father; here he was brought forth for men. By that nativity he made man; by this generation he set man free. That neither of his generations can be recounted, brethren, this one sentence embraces. For the one is before man, the other above man. The one is beyond thought, the other is wonderful. But when we are taught of the two nativities of Christ, it is not asserted that the Son of God was born twice, but it is confirmed that there is a twofold substance in the one Son of God. There, what he was, was born; here, what he was not, was made. Concerning these things the blessed evangelist John says (chapter 1): In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. And again: And the Word was made flesh.
9:5
Igitur Deus, qui apud Deum erat prodivit. tar, et caro Dei, quæ in Deo non erat, processit ex femina. Ita Verbum caro factum eSt: non ut Dens vacuaretur in. hominem, sed ut homo glorificaretur in Deum. Itaque a nori bis natos est Deus; sed ex duabus nativitatibus, id est Dei, et hominis seipsum Unigenitus Patris, atque sese hominem unum esse voMit Deum. Generationem ergo ejus quia anarrabit (Isai. LIII) ? Fratres, generatio Christi si narrari non protest, credi potest. Si lingua deficit, fides proficit. Magnus enim profectus est Mei, cum tantum de Deo suo concipit, quantum sermo non potest parturire.
所以,那與神同在的神走了出來,而那本不在神裡面的、屬神的肉身,由一個女人而出。這樣,道成了肉身:不是使神被傾空而成為人,而是使人被榮耀而歸入神。因此神為我們而生,卻是出於兩重誕生——就是神的與人的——父的獨生子願意自己成為一位,既是神又是人。那麼,誰能述說祂的世代呢(以賽亞書五十三章)?弟兄們,基督的生成即使不能述說,卻能被相信。舌頭若失效,信德便前進。因為當人心所思想關乎其神的,多過言語所能產出的時候,這便是心思極大的長進。
Therefore God, who was with God, went forth, and the flesh of God, which was not in God, proceeded from a woman. Thus the Word was made flesh: not that God should be emptied into man, but that man should be glorified into God. And so God was born to us, but from two nativities—that is, of God and of man—the Only-begotten of the Father willed himself to be one, both God and man. Who then shall recount his generation (Isaiah 53)? Brethren, if the generation of Christ cannot be recounted, it can be believed. If the tongue fails, faith advances. For great is the progress of the mind when it conceives as much concerning its God as speech cannot bring to birth.
9:6
Cavete, dilectissimi, ne quando vos de his incredulit as moveat, quia si homo non valet explicare quod sentit, Deus sine dubio b potest implere, quod voluit. Et perabsurdum est, fratres, ut ineffabilem Deum Infirmissimo fragilitatis nOstra sermone pensemus. Amentiæ res est, ut operationes majestatis immensæ inter exigua corruptibilis oris nostri COnemur verba concludere. Quomodo enim comprehendere potest homo 23 Deum, factus ingenitum, mortalis aeternum c ? Si investigare niteris, qualiter Deus in hominem, vel homo transivit in Deum; Investiga prius, si potes; quomodo ei nihilo factus est mundus, cœRim unde resplenduit, aquarum liquor, terræ soliditas qua ratione subsistunt;
至蒙愛的弟兄們,你們要謹慎,免得有時對這些事的不信動搖你們;因為人若不能解釋他所領悟的,神無疑能成就祂所願的。弟兄們,我們竟以我們軟弱本性中最微弱的言語去衡量那不可言喻的神,這實在荒謬至極。我們竟企圖把那無限威嚴的作為封閉在我們必朽之口那貧乏的言辭裡,這是瘋狂之舉。因為人怎能領會神呢——受造者怎能領會非受生者,必死者怎能領會永恆者?倘若你竭力探究神如何進入人、人如何轉入神,那就請你先探究——如果你能——世界如何從無中被造,天從何處發出光輝,水的液態、地的堅實憑何原理而存在;
Beware, most beloved, lest at any time unbelief concerning these things should move you; for if man cannot explain what he perceives, God without doubt can fulfill what he has willed. And it is utterly absurd, brethren, that we should weigh the ineffable God by the feeblest speech of our frailty. It is a matter of madness that we should attempt to shut up the operations of immeasurable majesty within the paltry words of our corruptible mouth. For how can man comprehend God—the made comprehend the unbegotten, the mortal the eternal? If you strive to investigate how God passed into man, or man into God, first investigate, if you can, how the world was made from nothing; from what source the heaven shone forth; by what principle the liquid of the waters and the solidity of the earth subsist;
9:7
quomodo etiam de terra homo, de masculo femina, itemque per feminani ma- I sculus; quid illud est post omnia, quod lumen gIgnit ac tenebras, quod vitam facit ac mortem? Si ergo te ipsum, o homo, et quæ propter te facta sunt, qualiter, aut unte sint facta comprehendere non vales: qua præsumptione quave stultitia tuum ipsius, atque omnium discutis Crertorem? Natum ergo de Deo Patre Deum, eumdemque hominem factum de virgine confitemur. Sed hæc, darissimi, rationi cæca sunt, fidei manifesta. Tunc enim parte et aliqua indefinitæ majestatis ejuspoterimus immensa rimarri si advertamus a quantusqualisve sit Deus;
人又怎樣從地而出,女人怎樣從男人而出,男人又怎樣藉女人而生;那在萬物之後、既生出光又生出暗、既造成生又造成死的,究竟是什麼?那麼,人啊,倘若你連你自己以及為你所造的萬物——它們是以何種方式、從何而被造的——都不能領會,你憑什麼放肆、憑什麼愚妄去審察你自己以及萬物的創造主呢?所以我們承認:神由父神所生,這同一位又由童貞女成為人。但至親愛的弟兄們,這些事對理性是隱晦的,對信德卻是顯明的。因為那時我們才能在某種程度上探究祂那無邊威嚴的浩瀚——就是當我們認清神是何等偉大、何等本性的時候;
how too man came from earth, woman from the male, and again the male through the woman; what that is which, after all things, begets light and darkness, which makes life and death. If, then, O man, you are unable to comprehend yourself and the things that were made for your sake—in what manner, or from what, they were made—by what presumption or what folly do you scrutinize the Creator of yourself and of all things? We confess, therefore, that God was born of God the Father, and that the same was made man of a virgin. But these things, most dear ones, are blind to reason, manifest to faith. For then we shall be able in some part to search out the immensities of his boundless majesty, if we perceive how great and of what sort God is;
9:8
I nobis non posse cognosci, ut ait Dominus ad Moysen i Tu autem non poteris videre factemmeam (Exod. XXXIII), id est, e non potest carnalibus oculis meam, sicut est, inspicere Deitatem. Beatus namque David, virtutem omnipotentiæ ejus intendens; clamabat dicens i Mirabilia opera tua, Domine, et anima mea novit valde (Psal. CXXXIII). Valde enim sciebat anima prophetalis opera Dei omnem meditationem humanæ mentis excedere, propter quod sapientissimus patriarcha, mortalis sensus conclusus angustiis, quæ investigare non poterat, mirabatur. Quis ergo hominum discutere aut inquirere audeat, tantos quod propheta miratur? Mirabilia, inquit, opera tua, et anima inea novit valde.
但祂卻不能被我們所認識,正如主對摩西所說的:「你卻不能看見我的面」(出埃及記三十三章)——這就是說,人不能用肉眼看見我那本相如是的神性。因為有福的大衛竭力向著祂全能的大能,呼喊說:「主啊,你的作為奇妙,我的心深知這事」(詩篇一百三十八篇)。因為那先知的心深知,神的作為超越人心一切的思想;為此,那至有智慧的先祖,被必死之知覺的窄狹所局限,就對他所不能探究的感到驚奇。那麼,人中間有誰敢審察或探究這先知所驚奇的偉大之事呢?他說:「你的作為奇妙,我的心深知這事。」
but that he cannot be known by us, as the Lord says to Moses: But you shall not be able to see my face (Exodus 33)—that is, one cannot with carnal eyes behold my Deity as it is. For blessed David, straining toward the power of his omnipotence, cried out saying: Wonderful are your works, O Lord, and my soul knows it right well (Psalm 138). For the prophetic soul knew right well that the works of God exceed every meditation of the human mind; wherefore the most wise patriarch, shut in by the narrow limits of mortal perception, marveled at what he could not investigate. Who then of men would dare to scrutinize or search out things so great, which the prophet marvels at? Wonderful, he says, are your works, and my soul knows it right well.
9:9
Hoc ipsum enim quod incomprehensibilis est Deus, anima ejus noverat, caro sentire non poterat. Omnis ergo, qui opera Dei magis vult examinare quam credere, non sequitur animæ sensum, sed errorem: et ideo, fratres, non discutiamus, qualiter Deus de Deo natus est, sed credamus; nec retractemus partum virginis, sed miremur, ut Unigenitum Det Deum et hominem confitentes inoflensam teneamus coelestis fidei veritatem.
因為神不可測度這件事本身,他的心知道,他的肉體卻不能領悟。所以,凡寧願審察神的作為而不肯相信的,所跟從的就不是心靈的悟性,而是謬誤。所以,弟兄們,讓我們不要審察神怎樣由神而生,只要相信;也不要重新查究童貞女的生產,只要驚奇讚嘆,好叫我們在承認神的獨生子既是神又是人時,能持守屬天信德的真理,毫無虧損。
For this very thing—that God is incomprehensible—his soul knew, but his flesh could not perceive. Everyone, therefore, who prefers to examine the works of God rather than to believe them, follows not the perception of the soul, but error. And therefore, brethren, let us not scrutinize how God was born of God, but let us believe; nor let us re-examine the virgin's childbearing, but let us marvel, so that, confessing the Only-begotten of God to be both God and man, we may hold unimpaired the truth of the heavenly faith.
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