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都靈的馬克西姆斯

講道集 第 161 章

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161:1
Non solum in codice Ambrosiano hic quartus de Pentecoste, et quintus qui sequitur, sed etiam in TauriDensi, De Pentecoste homilia XVIII et XXIII teguntur. Quanta pro salute mortalium, fratres carissimi, omnipotenti cura sit Deo, quove dignationis affectu pericula miseratus humana, diabolicam vacuaverit potestatem, hinc plenissime et sine dubio possumus æstimare, quod et Filii sui sanguine ad fidem nos veritatis attraxit, et Spiritus sancti visitatione concessa, credentium corda firmaverit. Christus enim nos ad vitam redemit, erigit ad virtutem, ut gratiam quam Filio tradente suscepjmus, Spiritu custodiente servemus.
不僅在安波羅修抄本中有這第四篇論五旬節的講道,以及接下來的第五篇,在都靈抄本中,它們也被列為論五旬節的第十八和第二十三篇。至親愛的弟兄,全能的神對世人得救何等眷顧,又以何等俯就的慈愛憐憫人的危難、除滅了魔鬼的權勢——這一點我們可以從以下最充分而毫無疑問地估量出來:祂既以祂兒子的血將我們吸引到真理的信德,又藉所賜聖靈的眷顧,堅固了信徒的心。因為基督救贖我們得生命,扶持我們得德行,好使我們既領受了子所交付的恩典,就在聖靈的護衛下持守它。
Not only in the Ambrosian codex is this fourth sermon on Pentecost, and the fifth which follows, but also in the Turin one, they are covered as homily 18 and 23 On Pentecost. How great, dearest brethren, is the care of the almighty God for the salvation of mortals, and with what affection of condescension, pitying human perils, He emptied the diabolical power, from this we can most fully and without doubt estimate: that He both drew us to the faith of the truth by the blood of His Son, and, by the granted visitation of the Holy Spirit, has strengthened the hearts of believers. For Christ redeemed us unto life, He raises us unto virtue, so that the grace which we received when the Son delivered it, we may preserve while the Spirit guards it.
161:2
Videmus quidem, carissimi, Unigeniti Dei et Spiritus sancti sub dispensatione mysterii beneficia esse distincta, sed eamdem in utroque voluntatem atque unum pietatis advertimus sacramentum. Christus namque pro salute nostra de femina nascitur, sed hominem ipsum Spiritus cooperatur in Virgine, sicut dictum est ad beatam Mariam: Spiritus sanctus superveniet in te, et virtus Altissimi obumbrabit tibi (Luc. 1). Baptizalur etiam pro nobis in Jordane Filius Dei, sed ad glorificandum ejus baptismum, adest de cœlis Spiritu? sanctus in columba. Usque adeo autem unum est illis propositum unumque consilium, ut et Christus Spirtum repromittat hominibus, et Spiritus annuntiet Christum, dicente Domino:
親愛的弟兄們,我們確實看見,在奧祕的安排之下,天主獨生子與聖神的恩惠是有分別的,然而我們看出二者裡有同一的旨意、同一慈愛的聖事。因為基督為我們的救恩由女子而生,卻是聖神在童貞女身上協同成就了那人性,正如對蒙福的瑪利亞所說的:「聖神要臨到你身上,至高者的能力要蔭庇你」(路加福音一章)。天主子也為我們在約旦河受洗,但為使祂的洗禮得榮耀,聖神從天上以鴿子的形狀臨在。他們的旨意與計謀是如此的合一,以致基督向世人應許聖神,聖神也宣告基督,正如主所說:
We see indeed, beloved, that under the dispensation of the mystery the benefits of the Only-begotten of God and of the Holy Spirit are distinct, yet we perceive in both one and the same will and one sacrament of loving-kindness. For Christ is born of a woman for our salvation, but it is the Spirit who works together to fashion that very manhood in the Virgin, just as it was said to blessed Mary: 'The Holy Spirit shall come upon thee, and the power of the Most High shall overshadow thee' (Luke 1). The Son of God is likewise baptized for us in the Jordan, but to glorify His baptism the Holy Spirit is present from heaven in the form of a dove. And so far is their purpose one and their counsel one, that Christ promises the Spirit to men, and the Spirit proclaims Christ, as the Lord says:
161:3
Cum venerit Paraclitus, quem ego mitto vobis a Patre Spiritum veritatis, qui a Patre meo procedit, ille testabitur de me (Joan. XV). Alternis nimirum se invicem testimoniis prædicant, qui indiscreta se noverunt majestate regnare. Denique, ut manifestius cognoscamus nulla eos penitus divisione sejunctos, ipsos Paracletus visitat et illustrat, quos mysteriis suis 531 idoneos Salvator elegit. Pro omni quidem hominum genere Dominus Jesus pependit in cruce, sed non omnibus ejus illuxisset Evangelium, nisi Spiritus sancti dono, dum apostolis variarum linguarum scientiam tribuit, Dominica passio ad universarum gentium notitiam pervenisset.
「當那護慰者,就是我要從父那裡差給你們的真理之神來到時,他就要為我作見證,他是從我父出來的」(若望福音十五章)。他們既知道自己是在不可分的尊威中一同作王,就必然彼此以見證互相稱揚。總之,為使我們更清楚地知道他們絕無任何分割,那護慰者親自眷顧並光照那些救主揀選為配得祂奧祕的人。主耶穌固然為全人類懸在十字架上,但若不是藉著聖神的恩賜——當祂賜給宗徒們通曉各種語言的能力時——主的苦難就不會傳到萬民的認識中,祂的福音也就不會光照眾人。
'When the Comforter is come, whom I will send unto you from the Father, the Spirit of truth, who proceedeth from my Father, he shall testify of me' (John 15). Assuredly they proclaim one another by mutual testimonies, they who know that they reign in undivided majesty. In short, that we may know more clearly that they are parted by no division whatsoever, the Comforter Himself visits and enlightens those whom the Saviour has chosen as fit for His mysteries. For all mankind indeed the Lord Jesus hung upon the cross, but His Gospel would not have shone upon all, had not, by the gift of the Holy Spirit, when He granted the apostles the knowledge of diverse tongues, the Lord's passion come to the knowledge of all the nations.
161:4
Parthi enim et Medi, vel Elamitæ, et caeteræ, sicut lectum est, nationes propriis apud Judaeam audiunt linguis Dei magnalia, et vitae suæ remedia praedicari. Quis igitur haec, nisi vere omnipotens Deus, implere potuisset, ut ferre mentes religiosam discerent sanctitatem, et cœlestem susciperet barbarus sermo doctrinam ? 532Divino ergo, ftatres, cultu veneremur hunc Spiritum, cui plena regenerandi virtus, et peccata remittendi potestas est, sicut instruil Dominus discipulos suos, dicens: Ite, docete omnes gentes, baptizantes eas in nomine Patris et Filii, et Spiritus sancti (M atth. XVIII); et alibi: Accipite Spirilum sanctum:
因為正如所讀到的,帕提亞人、瑪待人、以攔人,以及其他各邦國,都在猶太地聽見用他們自己的語言宣講天主的奇妙作為和生命的良藥。那麼,除了真正全能的天主以外,誰能成就這事,使兇悍的心靈學會神聖的聖潔,使野蠻的言語領受屬天的教導呢?所以,弟兄們,讓我們以神聖的敬拜來崇奉這位聖神,在祂裡面有重生的完全能力,也有赦罪的權柄,正如主教訓祂的門徒說:「你們去,教訓萬民,奉父、子、聖神的名給他們施洗」(瑪竇福音二十八章);又在別處說:「你們領受聖神吧:
For the Parthians and Medes, and the Elamites, and the other nations, as we have read, hear in their own tongues in Judea the mighty works of God and the remedies of life proclaimed. Who then, save the truly almighty God, could have accomplished this: that fierce minds might learn holy sanctity, and that barbarous speech might receive heavenly teaching? Let us therefore, brethren, venerate this Spirit with divine worship, in whom is the full power of regenerating and the authority of remitting sins, as the Lord instructs His disciples, saying: 'Go, teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit' (Matt. 28); and elsewhere: 'Receive the Holy Spirit:
161:5
quorum remiseritis peccata, remissa sunt, et quorum retinueritis, detenta sunt (Joan. xx). Quis igitur tam demens hunc ambigat esse Deum, cui cum Patre et Filio inseparabilis gloria et nomen est indivisum, qui dominatione communi et peccantis superbiam punit, et humilitatem confitentis absolvit, etc. Ab initio sæculorum, fratres carissimi, per patriarchas ac prophetas Filium Dei pro mundi redemptione venturum..netus nobis Spiritus repromisit: ipse enim illum suscepta novi hominis carne de Virgine nascituram, injurias ab impiis, probra crucemque passurum, resurrectionem quoque ejus ab inieris ante multa annorum millia prophetavit.
你們赦免誰的罪,誰的罪就得赦免;你們留下誰的罪,誰的罪就被留下」(若望福音二十章)。那麼誰會如此瘋狂,竟懷疑祂不是天主呢?——祂與父、子同享不可分的榮耀,同有不可分的名,祂以共同的統治權既懲罰罪人的驕傲,又赦免認罪者的謙卑。最親愛的弟兄們,從萬世之初,聖神就藉著眾先祖與眾先知向我們應許:天主子必要為救贖世界而來;因為祂在數千年以前就預言:祂要取新人的肉身由童貞女而生,要受不敬虔者的凌辱、辱罵與十字架之苦,也要從陰間復活。
whose sins you shall forgive, they are forgiven; and whose you shall retain, they are retained' (John 20). Who then is so mad as to doubt that He is God, to whom together with the Father and the Son belongs inseparable glory and an undivided name, who by common dominion both punishes the pride of the sinner and absolves the humility of him who confesses? From the beginning of the ages, dearest brethren, through the patriarchs and prophets, the Spirit himself promised us that the Son of God would come for the redemption of the world; for he foretold, many thousands of years beforehand, that He would be born of a Virgin, taking the flesh of the new man, that He would suffer injuries from the impious, reproaches and the cross, and likewise His resurrection from the dead.
161:6
Quo completo, per Dominum nostrum Jesum Christum, perfectoque mysterio, apostolorum ejus corda mirifico najestatis suae illuminavit adventu, ut cujus humilitatem prius passionemque cecinerat, nunc triumphato diabolo et morte devicta, æternam regni ejus gloriam prædicaret. Quem tamen Paracletum ipse Redemptor noster ante non multos dies venturum esse de coelis, et a Patre mittendum annuntiavit discipulis suis. Atque ita fit, ut dum Spiritus Christum unigenitum Dei Patris prophetat, et dum Christus a Patre venturum Spiritum repromittit, mutuaque invicem se attestatione prænuntiant unum esse, unum velle, et unum semper posse credantur.
當這事藉著我們的主耶穌基督成就了,奧祕也圓滿了,聖神就以祂尊威奇妙的降臨光照了眾宗徒的心,使得從前所歌詠的祂的謙卑與苦難,如今在魔鬼被得勝、死亡被戰勝之後,可以宣揚祂國度永恆的榮耀。然而這同一位護慰者,我們的救贖主親自向祂的門徒宣告:祂要在不多幾日後從天而降,並要由父所差遣。於是就有這樣的事:當聖神預言基督乃天父的獨生子,當基督應許聖神要從父而來,並且他們彼此以相互的見證預先宣告時,他們就被信為是一,其旨意為一,其能力永遠為一。
When this was fulfilled through our Lord Jesus Christ, and the mystery perfected, He illumined the hearts of His apostles with the wondrous coming of His majesty, so that whereas before He had sung of His humility and passion, now, the devil being triumphed over and death conquered, He might proclaim the eternal glory of His kingdom. Yet this same Comforter our Redeemer Himself announced to His disciples would come from heaven not many days hence, and would be sent by the Father. And thus it comes to pass that, while the Spirit prophesies Christ the Only-begotten of God the Father, and while Christ promises the Spirit to come from the Father, and they proclaim one another beforehand by mutual attestation, they are believed to be one, to will one thing, and forever to be able to do one thing.
161:7
Hic est, carissimi, Spiritus sanctus qui secretioris operatione mysterii uterum Virginis coelesti fecunditate ditavit. Hic est Spiritus qui baptisma Christi Domini nostri, in specie columbae visus quidem a Joanne, sed tacitus visitavit, nec suam credidit necessariam vocem, tunc cum Pater ipse loqueretur e cœlo, dicens: Tu es Filius meus dilectus, in quo bene comptacuf (Matth. xvn). Atque haec idcirco sanctarum Scripturarum testimoniis edocemur, et personarum nobis indiscreta quidem majestas, sed distincta proprietas reveletur. Nam quantum ad Deitatis pertinet unitatem, in Verbo Patris consensus est Spiritus, et in sermone Spiritus voluntas est Patris.
親愛的,這就是那藉著更隱祕的奧祕運作、以屬天的孕育使童貞女的胎充滿豐盛的聖神。這就是那眷顧我們主基督受洗的聖神,祂雖以鴿子的形狀被若翰所見,卻是靜默的,也不以自己的聲音為必需,因為那時是父親自從天上說話,說:「你是我的愛子,我所喜悅的」(瑪竇福音三章)。我們藉著聖經的見證受教這些事,是為使我們得知:位格中的尊威固然不可分,其屬性卻是有分別的。因為就天主性的合一而言,在父的道中有聖神的同意,在聖神的言語中有父的旨意。
This, beloved, is the Holy Spirit who by the working of a more secret mystery enriched the Virgin's womb with heavenly fruitfulness. This is the Spirit who visited the baptism of Christ our Lord, seen indeed by John in the form of a dove, yet in silence, and did not deem His own voice necessary at that time, when the Father Himself spoke from heaven, saying: 'Thou art my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased' (Matt. 3). And we are taught these things by the testimonies of the holy Scriptures for this reason, that there may be revealed to us a majesty indeed undivided in the persons, but a distinct property. For as far as pertains to the unity of the Godhead, in the Word of the Father the Spirit is consent, and in the utterance of the Spirit is the will of the Father.
161:8
Quis enim Spiritum sanctum, nisi forte aut impius hæreticus, aut perfidus Judæus, dubitet esse Deum, sine quo nec baptismatis perficitur sacramentum, nec remissio tribuitur peccatorum? Quis illum ita demens abnegat Deum, in quem blasphemasse ita est impium atque mortiferum, ut blasphemantis peccatum nulla venia subsequatur, pronuntiante Salvatore nostro ac dicente: Qui dixerit verbum in Filium hominis, remittetur ei; qui autem in Spiritum sanctum, non remittetur ei neque in hoc sœculo, neque in futuro (Matth. XII). Hic, inquam, Spiritus sanctus procedens a Patre, promissus a Filio, dona glorie suæ in apostolos.
因為除非是不敬虔的異端者,或是不信的猶太人,誰會懷疑聖神是天主呢?——沒有祂,洗禮的聖事既不能完成,赦罪也不得賜下。誰會如此瘋狂,竟否認祂是天主呢?——褻瀆祂是如此的不敬虔而致命,以致褻瀆者的罪毫無赦免可言,正如我們的救主所宣告的:「凡說話干犯人子的,還可得赦免;但那說話干犯聖神的,今世來世總不得赦免」(瑪竇福音十二章)。我說,這位從父而出、由子所應許的聖神,樂意將祂榮耀的恩賜傾注在眾宗徒身上,
For who, unless perhaps either an impious heretic or a faithless Jew, would doubt that the Holy Spirit is God, without whom neither is the sacrament of baptism perfected, nor the remission of sins granted? Who is so mad as to deny that He is God, blasphemy against whom is so impious and deadly that no pardon follows the sin of the blasphemer, as our Saviour declares, saying: 'He who shall speak a word against the Son of Man, it shall be forgiven him; but he who shall speak against the Holy Spirit, it shall not be forgiven him, neither in this world nor in the world to come' (Matt. 12). This Holy Spirit, I say, proceeding from the Father, promised by the Son, deigned to pour the gifts of His glory upon the apostles
161:9
Christi est dignatus infundere, ita ut passiones regnumque ejus omnium gentium sermone loquerentur. Hac profecto dignatione, ut quia omne hominum genus vocabatur ad vitam, dispensationem mysteriorum Dei totus ubique mundus audiret. Quanti illud, fratres, miraculi fuit, quod Hebræus homo subito erumpens in verba non sua de magna libus Dei instruebat Græcum, docebat Romanum, 533 alloquebatur Ægyptium, atque omnes barbaras nationes propriis earum linguis informabat ad fidem! Et ideo, carissimi, omnipotentis Dei misericordias imploremus, 534 ut et nos de Deo annuntiare quas digna sunt valeamus, et vos ea quae dicuntur audire et intelligere debita veneratione possitis, etc
這恩賜是屬基督的,好叫他們用萬邦的語言講論祂的苦難與國度。藉著這樣的俯就,既然全人類都蒙召得生命,普天下處處都能聽見天主奧祕的安排。弟兄們,這是何等大的奇蹟:一個希伯來人,忽然爆發出並非自己的言語,向希臘人講述天主的奇妙作為,教導羅馬人,向埃及人說話,並用各野蠻邦國自己的語言引導他們歸信!所以,親愛的,讓我們懇求全能天主的憐憫,使我們也能宣講關於天主那配得稱述的事,使你們也能以應有的敬虔聽見並明白所說的話,等等。
which are Christ's, so that they might speak in the tongues of all nations of His passion and His kingdom. By this very condescension, since the whole human race was called to life, the whole world everywhere might hear the dispensation of the mysteries of God. How great a miracle it was, brethren, that a Hebrew man, suddenly bursting forth into words not his own, instructed the Greek concerning the mighty works of God, taught the Roman, addressed the Egyptian, and formed all the barbarous nations to the faith in their own tongues! And therefore, beloved, let us implore the mercies of almighty God, that we too may be able to announce concerning God the things that are worthy, and that you may be able to hear and understand with due reverence the things that are said, etc.
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