📜 Verbum · 聖言
原文誦讀聖經與教父文獻

← 回書卷目次 · 拉丁教父 › 講道集

都靈的馬克西姆斯

講道集 第 210 章

拉丁文原文.6 節.部分字詞可點開查義

← 第 209 章第 211 章 →
210:1
Cognitum fuisse hunc sermonem, antequam a Muratorio typis Patavinis tom. IV Aneedot., pag. 99, in lucem ederetur, non tam ex Baronio quam ex Golhofredo certissime constat. Baronius enim in notis ad Martyrol. Rom. die31 Januarii non solum ejus meminit, sed ipsis verbis eamdem impiorum sacrificiorum descriptionem habet, Gothofredus vero in notis ad Ut. 10 lib. xvi cod. Theodos, cum mentionem faciat contra idololatriam ab imperatoribus latarum legum, hoc testimonio ad rem suam opportune utitur. Depromptus a Moratorio hic sermo est, quemadmodum alter qui proxime succedit, ex celebri codice Ambrosiano, obi sancto Maximo inscribitur. Ejus titulus est ut descripsimus:
這篇講道在慕拉托里於帕多瓦版《軼文集》第四卷第九十九頁刊行之前就已為人所知——這一點最確定地並非那麼從巴洛紐斯,而是從哥托弗雷杜斯得以確立。因為巴洛紐斯在其《羅馬殉道錄》一月三十一日的註釋中,不僅提及它,且以其原文載有同樣關於不虔祭祀的描述;而哥托弗雷杜斯在其對《狄奧多西法典》第十六卷第十題的註釋中,當他提到皇帝們所頒佈反對偶像崇拜的法律時,恰當地引用這一見證來達其目的。這篇講道由慕拉托里發表,正如緊接其後的另一篇一樣,出自著名的安博羅削抄本,其中題有聖瑪西姆之名。其標題如我們所抄錄:
That this sermon was known before it was brought to light by Muratori in the Paduan edition, volume IV of the Anecdota, page 99, is most certainly established not so much from Baronius as from Gothofredus. For Baronius, in his notes on the Roman Martyrology under 31 January, not only mentions it but has in its very words the same description of the impious sacrifices; while Gothofredus, in his notes on Title 10, Book 16 of the Theodosian Code, when he makes mention of the laws passed by the emperors against idolatry, opportunely uses this testimony for his purpose. This sermon was brought forth by Muratori, just like the next one which follows immediately, from the celebrated Ambrosian codex, where it is inscribed to Saint Maximus. Its title is as we have transcribed it:
210:2
De idolis anferendis de propriis possessionibus. Ante dies commonueram caritatem vestram, fratres, ut tanquam religiosi et sancti idolorum omnem pollutionem de vestris possessionibus auferretis, et erueretis ex agris universum gentilium errorem. Fas enim non est ut qui Christum habetis in cordibus, Antichristum in habitaculis habeatis; cum vos Deum adoretis in Ecclesia, vestri diabolum venerentur in fanis. Nec se aliquis excusatum putet diceris, Non jussi fieri, non mandavi. Quisquis enim intelligit exerceri in re sua sacrilegia, nec fieri prohibet, quodammodo ipse præcipit; tacendo enim et non arguendo consensum præbuit immolanti.
論從自己的產業中除去偶像。弟兄們,數日前我曾勸勉你們這仁愛的會眾:作為敬虔聖潔的人,你們應當從你們的產業中除去偶像一切的污穢,並從田地中剷除外邦人的全部謬誤。因為你們心中既有基督,卻在住所中容留敵基督,這是不對的;你們在教會中敬拜天主,你們的僕役卻在廟宇中崇敬魔鬼。也不要有人以為說「我沒有吩咐這事,我沒有命令」就得免責。因為凡知道在自己領地上正進行褻瀆之事而不加禁止的人,某種程度上就是他自己在下命令;因為藉著緘默不加斥責,他就對那獻祭者表示了默許。
On removing idols from one's own possessions. Some days ago, brethren, I had admonished your charity that, as religious and holy men, you should remove all the pollution of idols from your possessions, and root out from your fields the whole error of the heathen. For it is not right that you who have Christ in your hearts should have Antichrist in your dwellings; that while you adore God in the Church, your people should venerate the devil in shrines. Nor let anyone think himself excused by saying, 'I did not order it to be done, I did not command it.' For whoever understands that sacrileges are being practiced in his domain and does not forbid them to be done, in a certain way commands it himself; for by keeping silent and not rebuking, he lends his consent to the one sacrificing.
210:3
Dicit enim beatus Apostolus, criminosos esse, non solum qui faciunt, sed etiam qui consentiunt facientibus. tu igitur, Crater, cum tuum sacrificare rusticum cernis, nec prohibes immolare, peccas; si non data copia, atUmen permissa licentia; si non jussio tua in crimine, aMamen voluntas m culpa est. Dum enim taces, placet tibi quod fecit rusticUs tuus, quod si non faceret, forsitan displiceret. Non enim sibi 657 tantum peccat subditus, cum. sacrificat, sed et 1 domnedio, qui non prohibet; qui si prohiberet, utique non peccaret. Grande igitur malum est idololatria; polluit exercentes, polluit habitantes, polluit intuentes, penetrat ad ministros, penetrat ad conscios, penetrat ad tacentes.
因為榮福宗徒說:不僅那些行這些事的人有罪,那些贊同行事者的人也有罪。所以你這弟兄,當你看見你的農僕獻祭而不禁止他獻牲時,你就犯了罪;即使不是提供了工具,至少是允許了自由;即使你的命令不在罪中,你的意願卻在過犯中。因為當你緘默時,你的農僕所做的就使你喜悅——他若不做,或許就會使你不悅。因為那屬下獻祭時,不僅得罪了自己,也得罪了那不加禁止的主人;主人若禁止,就必定不會犯罪。所以偶像崇拜是極大的邪惡:它玷污行之者,玷污同住者,玷污旁觀者,滲入僕役,滲入同謀,滲入緘默者。
For the blessed Apostle says that not only those who do these things are guilty, but also those who consent to those who do them. You therefore, brother, when you see your peasant sacrificing and do not forbid him to offer sacrifice, you sin; if not by granting the means, yet by permitting the license; if your command is not in the crime, yet your will is in the fault. For while you keep silent, what your peasant did pleases you, which, if he did not do it, would perhaps displease you. For not only does the subject sin against himself when he sacrifices, but also against his master, who does not forbid it; who, if he forbade it, would certainly not sin. A great evil, therefore, is idolatry: it pollutes those who practice it, it pollutes those who dwell nearby, it pollutes those who look on, it penetrates to the ministers, it penetrates to the accomplices, it penetrates to those who keep silent.
210:4
immolante enim rustico inquinatur doner dius. Non potest non esse poliutus ubi cibus [F. cibum] capit, quem sacrilegus eultor exercuit, terra cruenta edidit, tetrum horreum conservavit: omnia enim ibi inquinata, omnia sunt nefanda, ubi diabolus habitat in ædibus, in agris, in rusticis. Nihil ibi liberum est a scelere, ubi totum versatur in scelere. Cum cellam ingressus fueris, reperies in ea pallentes cespites mortuosque carbones, dignum sacrificium dæmonis, cum mortuo munini rebus mortuis supplicatur. Et si ad agrum processeris, cernis aras ligneas, et simulacra tapidea, congruens ministerium, ubi diis insensibilibus aris putrescentibus mininstratur.
因為當農僕獻祭時,主人就被玷污了。凡他在褻瀆的耕作者所出產、血染的土地所生、污穢的穀倉所存之處取用食物,就不能不受污染:因為那裡一切都被玷污,一切都可憎——魔鬼在那房舍、田地、農僕中居住之處。凡整體都陷於罪惡之處,就沒有一物脫離罪惡。當你進入貯藏室,你會在其中發現枯白的草皮與死灰的炭,這是配得魔鬼的祭品——當人以死物向死物祈求時。你若出到田間,就看見木造的祭壇與石製的偶像——這是相稱的敬奉,在那裡人以腐朽的祭壇服事無知覺的神明。
For when the peasant sacrifices, the master is defiled. He cannot but be polluted where he takes food which a sacrilegious cultivator has produced, a bloodstained earth has yielded, a foul granary has stored: for all things there are defiled, all things are abominable, where the devil dwells in the buildings, in the fields, in the peasants. Nothing there is free from crime, where the whole is engaged in crime. When you enter the storeroom, you will find in it pallid turves and dead coals, a fitting sacrifice for a demon, when supplication is made to a dead thing with dead things. And if you go out to the field, you behold wooden altars and stone images—a fitting service, where to insensible gods with rotting altars ministry is performed.
210:5
Cum maturius vigilaveris, et videris saucium vino rusticum, scire debes quoniam, sicut dicunt; I aut dianaticus, aut aruspex est; insanum enim numen amentem solet habere pontificem; 658 talis enim sacerdos parat se vino ad plagas deæ suæ, ut dum est ebrius pœnam suam ipse non sentiat. Hoc autem non solum de temperantia, sed et de arte faciunt, ut minus vulnera sua dofeant, dum vini ebrietate jactantur. Vanus plane vaLes est, qui putat crudelitate astruere pietatem. Quam misericors in alienos deos ille qui in suos est pontifices tam cruentus! Nam ut paulisper describamus habitum vatis hujusce:
當你較早起身,看見一個因酒而病態的農僕時,你就當知道,如人所說,他若非受狄安娜附身,就是占卜者;因為瘋狂的神明慣常有癲狂的祭司。因為這樣的祭司以酒使自己準備好承受加在其女神身上的傷口,好叫他在醉酒時自己感覺不到痛苦。他們如此行,不僅出於無節制,也是一種技法,好叫他們在被酒醉搖蕩時,較少感到自己的傷口。凡以殘忍來確立虔敬的人,實在是虛妄的先知。對自己的祭司如此血腥的人,對外邦諸神竟是何等憐憫!因為,讓我們略述這先知的樣貌:
When you rise up early and see a peasant sick with wine, you ought to know that, as they say, he is either possessed of Diana or a soothsayer; for the mad deity is wont to have a frenzied priest. For such a priest prepares himself with wine for the wounds inflicted upon his goddess, so that, being drunk, he may not himself feel his own pain. And this they do not only out of intemperance but also as a technique, so that they may feel their wounds less while they are tossed about by the drunkenness of wine. A vain seer indeed is he who thinks to establish piety by cruelty. How merciful toward foreign gods is he who is so bloody toward his own priests! For, that we may briefly describe the appearance of this seer:
210:6
est ei adulterinis criniculis hirsutum caput, nuda habens pectora, pallio crura semiciucta, et more gladiatorum paratus ad pugnam ferrum gestat in manibus, nisi quod gladiatore pejor est, quia ille adversus alterum dimicare cogitur, iste contra se pugnare compellitur. ille aliena petit viseera, iste propria membra dilaniat, et si dici potest, ad crudelitatem illum lanista, istum numen hortatur. Hoc igitur indutus habitu, hac cruentus cæde, judicate utrum gladiator sit an sacerdos. Ergo, sicut gladiatorum publicum facinus religiosa principum devotione sublatum est, ita et amen tes gladiatores isti Christianitatis obserVatione de propriis domiciliis auferantur.
他有一頭披著假髮而蓬亂的頭,袒露胸膛,雙腿以披風半束,且效法角鬥士的樣式,準備好爭鬥,手中執著刀刃——只是他比角鬥士更壞,因為角鬥士被迫與別人搏鬥,這人卻被迫與自己搏鬥。角鬥士刺向別人的臟腑,這人卻撕裂自己的肢體;並且,若可以這樣說,教練驅使前者殘忍,神明卻驅使後者。所以,既披著這樣的裝束,沾著這樣的殺戮,你們判斷他究竟是角鬥士還是祭司。因此,正如角鬥士的公開罪行已因君王們敬虔的熱忱而被廢除,同樣,也讓這些癲狂的角鬥士藉著基督信仰的遵守,從各自的住所中被除去。
he has a head shaggy with false locks, bearing bare breasts, his legs half-girded with a mantle, and after the manner of gladiators, ready for the fight, he carries a blade in his hands—except that he is worse than a gladiator, because the one is compelled to fight against another, while this one is forced to fight against himself. The one seeks another's entrails, this one tears his own limbs; and, if it may be said, the trainer urges the one to cruelty, the deity urges the other. Clad, therefore, in this garb, bloody with this slaughter, judge whether he is a gladiator or a priest. Therefore, just as the public crime of gladiators has been abolished by the religious devotion of princes, so also let these frenzied gladiators be removed from their own dwellings by the observance of Christianity.
← 第 209 章第 211 章 →
123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153154155156157158159160161162163164165166167168169170171172173174175176177178179180181182183184185186187188189190191192193194195196197198199200201202203204205206207208209210211212213214215216217218219220221222223224225226227228229230231232233234235236237238239240241242243244245246247248249250251252253254255256257258259260261262263264265266267268269270271272273274275276277278279280281282283284