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都靈的馬克西姆斯

講道集 第 259 章

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259:1
43 Combetisius in sua Bibliotheca PP., tom. VIII, pag. 45, primus edidit sub nomine sancti Maximi sermonem hunc depromptum ex cod. ms. S. Germani Pratensis, quem deinde Andreas Gallandius tom. IX, pag. 594, novæ Bibliothecæ PP. recudit. Cum nobis deficiant testimonia aliorum tum codicum tum collectorum, nullum majus veritatis argumentum afferre possumus. Suppositum autem fuisse Maximo dictionia dissimilitudo palam facit. Inscribi oportere de Annuntiatione, non vero de Assumptione, quisque eumdem legeus, plane cognoscet.
孔貝菲在其《教父文庫》第八卷第四十五頁,首次以聖馬克西姆斯之名出版了這篇取自聖日耳曼德佩修道院手抄本的講道,安德烈亞斯·加朗迪烏斯隨後將其重印於新版《教父文庫》第九卷第五百九十四頁。由於我們既缺乏其他抄本的佐證,也缺乏編纂者的佐證,我們無法提出更有力的真實性論據。但文辭之不相似清楚顯明,此篇乃被偽託於馬克西姆斯。任何讀此篇者都會清楚認出,它理當題為〈論領報〉,而非〈論聖母蒙召升天〉。
Combefis, in his Library of the Fathers, volume VIII, page 45, first published under the name of Saint Maximus this sermon drawn from a manuscript codex of Saint-Germain-des-Prés, which Andreas Gallandius afterward reprinted in volume IX, page 594, of the new Library of the Fathers. Since we lack the testimonies both of other codices and of collectors, we can bring forward no greater argument of the truth. But that it was falsely attributed to Maximus, the dissimilarity of diction makes plain. That it ought to be entitled 'On the Annunciation,' and not indeed 'On the Assumption,' anyone reading it will clearly recognize.
259:2
Scientes, fratres carissimi, auctori nostro multa nos debere conditos, plus redemptos, redemptionis nostræ commercium veneremur, et illum sacratissimum uterum ex quo homini Deus unitus apparuit, etsi non quimus meritis, saltem celebremus obsequiis; scientes erroris nostri tenebras partus ejus fulgore depulsas: quia quod per protoplasti negligentiam primæ matris contumax tam arrogantia quam gula perdiderat, hujus sacræ Virginis partus non solum restauravit diruta, sed etiam tribuit æterna, Et idcirco cunctis præconiis venercmur auctricem, quae dum auctorem suum concepit e cœlo, nobis Redemptorem genuit in sæculo.
親愛的弟兄們,我們既知道我們作為受造者已多有虧欠於我們的創造主,而作為蒙救贖者更是如此,就讓我們尊崇我們救贖的交易,並尊敬那從中顯出與人聯合之神的至聖之腹;縱使我們不能憑功德如此行,至少讓我們以敬拜來慶祝它;我們既知道,我們謬誤的黑暗已被她生產的光輝所驅散:因為那藉著受造之初者的疏忽、悖逆的元祖之母憑其傲慢與貪食所失去的,這位聖潔童貞女的生產不但恢復了所毀壞的,更賜下永恆之事。因此,讓我們以一切頌讚尊崇這位施恩者,她既從天上懷了她的創造主,便在世上為我們生下了救贖主。
Knowing, dearly beloved brethren, that we owe much to our Author as created, and more as redeemed, let us reverence the commerce of our redemption, and let us honor that most sacred womb from which God united to man appeared; and if we cannot do so by merits, at least let us celebrate it with our services; knowing that the darkness of our error was driven away by the splendor of her childbearing: because what, through the negligence of the first-formed man, the defiant first mother had lost by arrogance as much as by gluttony, the childbearing of this sacred Virgin not only restored what was ruined, but also bestowed things eternal. And therefore with all proclamations let us venerate the authoress, who, while she conceived her Author from heaven, brought forth for us the Redeemer in the world.
259:3
Et quia ad vicem ei matris nostre Ecclesiae forma constituitur, ipsa eam inter procellas saeculi ferventes aspiciat; ipsa etiam inter cursus mundiales, quotidiana oratione confoveat: neque enim dubium quin ea quæ meruit pro liberandie pretium, possit impertiri suffragium. Nostra inter haec oratio magis ad Dominum dirigatur, ut pro honore sui nominis viscera quae sanctificaturus Intravit, sedulitate debita veneremur. Prosit nobis ad remedium, quod per eam se nobis dedit pretium. Merito itaque beata singulari Maria a nobis attollitur, quæ singulare commercium mundo præbuit; merito inter feminas tum etiam lætabatur, cum singularem medicinam pudica alvo gestabat.
又因為她既代替母親的地位,被立為教會的表徵,願她親自在世界洶湧的風暴中垂顧教會;願她也在這世界的進程中,以每日的禱告扶持教會:因為毫無疑問,那配得為我們得釋放而付上贖價的她,也能施予她的代求。與此同時,願我們的禱告更多歸向主,好使我們為祂名的榮耀,以應盡的殷勤尊敬那祂為要成聖而進入的腹。願那藉她賜給我們贖價者,成為我們的良藥。因此,蒙福的馬利亞被我們尊為獨一無二乃屬應當,因她向世界獻上了獨一無二的交易;她在婦女中歡樂也屬應當,因她在貞潔的腹中懷了那獨一無二的良藥。
And because, in the stead of a mother, she is established for us as the figure of the Church, may she herself look upon it amid the seething storms of the world; may she also, amid the courses of this world, cherish it with daily prayer: for there is no doubt that she who merited the price for our liberation can bestow her intercession. Meanwhile let our prayer be directed rather to the Lord, that, for the honor of His name, we may with due diligence venerate the womb which He entered to sanctify. May that be to us for a remedy, which through her gave us the ransom. Deservedly, therefore, blessed Mary is exalted by us as singular, who offered a singular commerce to the world; deservedly she rejoiced even among women, when she bore in her chaste womb the singular medicine.
259:4
Sentiebat quidem pondera ventris, quas pudorem non perdiderat castitatis; mirabatur partus insignia, quæ nulla noverat virgo contagia. 0 bene fecunda virginitas, quae novo inauditoque genere et mater effici possit, et virgo! Peperit enim atque portavit, in quo creata existit, siquideiu ipse est auctor Mariæ qui natus est ex Maria. Sic inenarrabili modo beata Maria mater et virgo, dum fructum prægnationis excepit, integritatis dispendium non incurrit. Apud quam ita coelestis providentia negotu ipsius conditionem disposuit, ut magis obedientiam exhiberet mandato, quam honorificentiam suam agnosceret ex angelo.
她確實感到子宮的重量,她卻未曾喪失貞潔的羞澀;她對生育的記號希奇,她這童女卻從未知曉任何玷污。哦,真正多結果子的童貞,竟能以一種嶄新而聞所未聞的方式,同時成為母親與童女!因為她懷孕並承載了那位她從中受造者,既然祂自己正是那由馬利亞所生之馬利亞的創造主。如此,蒙福的馬利亞以難以言喻的方式,既為母又為童女,當她領受懷孕的果子時,並未招致貞潔的虧損。天上的護理在她裡面如此安排了祂降臨的方式,使她寧可向那命令顯出順服,而非從天使那裡承認自己的尊榮。
She felt indeed the weight of her womb, she who had not lost the modesty of chastity; she marveled at the marks of childbearing, she who as a virgin had known no defilements. O truly fruitful virginity, which by a new and unheard-of manner could be made both mother and virgin! For she bore and carried Him in whom she was created, since indeed He Himself is the Author of Mary who was born of Mary. Thus in an unspeakable manner blessed Mary, mother and virgin, while she received the fruit of pregnancy, did not incur the loss of her integrity. In her the heavenly providence so disposed the condition of His own coming, that she should rather show obedience to the command than acknowledge her own honor from the angel.
259:5
Neque enim fidem derogat nuntii, quae dignitatem intelligit nuntiantis sibi angeli ac dicentis: Spiritus sanctus superveniet in te, et virtus Altissimi obumbrabit tibi. Ideoque et quod nascetur ex te sanctum vocabitur Filius Dei (Luc. I). Credidit admonita quae audivit, meruit sanctificata quod credidit. Denique tantum se ad coeli fastigia sublevavit, ut Verbum in principio apud Deum, id est Filium de summa cœli arce susceperit. Cumque mysticum divinitatis arcanum carni nostrae fragilitatique commisceret, latuit in homine divinitas, ut in divinitate non periret humanitas. Et sub vefamento 44 absumptae carnis absconditur.
因為她並未向那報信者收回信心,她既明白那向她報信、對她說話之天使的尊貴,那天使說:聖靈要臨到你身上,至高者的能力要蔭庇你。因此所要生的聖者,必稱為神的兒子(路加福音一章)。她既受勸告,便信了所聽見的;她既被成聖,便配得所信的。總之,她將自己高舉到天的至高處,以致她從天的至高堡壘中領受了那太初與神同在的道,就是聖子。當她將神性隱祕的奧祕與我們的肉體和脆弱相調和時,神性便隱藏在那人裡面,好使人性在神性中不至消亡。它便隱藏在所取之肉體的帳幔之下。
For she does not withhold faith from the messenger, she who understands the dignity of the angel announcing to her and saying: The Holy Spirit shall come upon you, and the power of the Most High shall overshadow you. And therefore also that which is born of you shall be called holy, the Son of God (Luke I). Being admonished, she believed what she heard; being sanctified, she merited what she believed. In short, she raised herself so far to the heights of heaven, that she received the Word who was in the beginning with God, that is, the Son, from the highest citadel of heaven. And when she mingled the mystic secret of divinity with our flesh and frailty, the divinity lay hidden in the man, that in the divinity the humanity might not perish. And under the veil of the flesh assumed it is concealed.
259:6
Pretiosius redemit perditos, quam defensos et ab imminenti hoste captivos. Immensa pietas, et super quam fari possit, praedicanda majestas, viscera puellæ Spiritu sancto replebantur, atque innuptæ Virginis uterus Verbi semine crescente turgebat. Replebantur, inquam, arcana viscerum sacra Spiritus fecunditate repleta, et erat spes in partu, quod non fuerit voluptas in coitu. Stupebat pretiosissima Genitrix, et apud se tacita rerum novitate mirabatur. Verebatur æstu cogitationis ambiguae et perculsa angelicae salutationis magna. centia obstupescebat mirabiliter. Sciens enim suam integritatem, mirabatur ventris ubertatem. 0 felix Maria I o genitrix gloriosa!
祂救贖迷失者,比救那受庇護者、比救那被逼近之仇敵所擄的人更為寶貴。哦,浩大的慈愛,哦,非言語所能述說、當受傳揚的威嚴!那少女的內臟正被聖靈充滿,未婚童貞女的子宮隨著道的種子生長而隆起。我說,那隱祕的內臟正被聖靈神聖的生育力充滿,在那沒有交合之歡愉之處,卻有生產之盼望。這位至寶貴的母親驚愕不已,在自己心中默然驚歎於萬事之新奇。她在含糊思緒的洶湧中懼怕,又被天使問安的宏大所震撼,奇妙地驚愕。因為她既知道自己的貞潔,便對子宮的豐盈感到希奇。哦,有福的馬利亞!哦,榮耀的母親!
More preciously He redeemed the lost than the defended and the captives taken by the threatening enemy. O immense loving-kindness, and O majesty to be proclaimed beyond what can be spoken! The inner parts of the maiden were being filled with the Holy Spirit, and the womb of the unwedded Virgin swelled as the seed of the Word grew. They were being filled, I say, the hidden inner parts filled with the sacred fruitfulness of the Spirit, and there was hope in the birth where there had been no pleasure in intercourse. The most precious Mother stood amazed, and within herself she marveled in silence at the newness of things. She feared amid the surge of ambiguous thought, and struck by the greatness of the angelic salutation, she was wondrously astounded. For, knowing her own integrity, she marveled at the fullness of her womb. O happy Mary! O glorious mother!
259:7
o puerpera sublimis, cujus visceribus auctor cEli terraeque committitur. 0 felicia oscula labris impressa lactentibus! cum inter certa indicia reputantis infantiae, ut pote verus ex te filius tibi matri alluderet: cum verus ex Patre Dominus imperaret. Nam auctorem tuum ipsa concipiens edidisti, in tempore pauperem, quem habueras ante tempora conditorem. 0 felix puerperium, laudabile sanctis, necessarium perditis, congruum profligatis ! Qui post multas assumptae carnis injurias, ad ultimum verberatus flagellis, potatus felle, patibulo affixus, ut veram matrem ostenderet, veram se hominem patiendo tormenta monstravit.
哦,崇高的母親,天地的創造主竟被託付於你的內臟。哦,那按在吮乳雙唇上的幸福親吻!當在能思量的嬰孩期的確切記號之中,祂作為由你所生的真兒子,與你這母親嬉戲,同時作為從父而來的真主發號施令。因為你懷了你自己的創造主,便把祂生下——在時間中成為貧窮者,這位在時間之先你早已擁有為創造主的。哦,幸福的生產,為眾聖徒所稱讚,為迷失者所必需,為敗壞者所合宜!祂在所取肉體受盡許多凌辱之後,末了被鞭子抽打、被苦膽灌飲、被釘在刑架上,為要顯明一位真母親,便藉受苦刑顯明自己是一個真人。
O sublime mother, to whose inner parts the Author of heaven and earth is committed. O happy kisses pressed upon the sucking lips! when, amid the sure signs of an infancy that could reckon, as a true son born of you He played with you His mother, while as true Lord from the Father He commanded. For conceiving your own Author, you brought Him forth—poor in time, whom you had had as your Creator before time. O happy childbearing, praiseworthy to the saints, necessary to the lost, fitting for the ruined! Who, after many injuries of the assumed flesh, at last scourged with whips, given gall to drink, fixed to the gibbet, in order to show a true mother, showed Himself a true man by suffering torments.
259:8
Tu vero beata et glonosa virgo Maria in istis et propter ista lauabs, quae sic fecunditatis meruisti donum, ut vir. ginitatis non amitteres privilegium. Tu enim benedicta inter mulieres, tu, præelecta cunctis virginum catervis, tu sequeris Agnum quocunque ierit. Tu virgineos choros ab incentivis carnis illecebris alienos, per albentia lilia rosasque vernanles ad fontem perennis vitae potandos invitas. Tu in illa felicissima regione beatorum primam dignitatem adepta, plantis roscidis oberrans, inter paradisi amoenitates, et gramineos choros tenero poplite pergens, felicique palma violas immarcescibiles carpis.
但你,蒙福而榮耀的童貞女馬利亞,在這些事上、並因這些事而受讚美,你既配得生育的恩賜,又未失去童貞的殊榮。因為你在婦女中是有福的,你,在眾童女的行列之先蒙揀選,你無論羔羊往哪裡去,你都跟隨祂。你邀請那些與肉體的誘惑和引誘隔絕的童女歌隊,穿越皎白的百合與嫣紅的玫瑰,前去暢飲永生的泉源。你在那至福者最幸福的境域中已得著首等的尊榮,以沾露的足踝漫步於樂園的佳美之中,以柔嫩的膝行走過如茵的歌隊,以蒙福的棕枝採摘不凋的紫羅蘭。
But you, blessed and glorious Virgin Mary, are praised in these things and for the sake of these things, you who so merited the gift of fruitfulness that you did not lose the privilege of virginity. For you are blessed among women, you, chosen before all the throngs of virgins, you follow the Lamb wherever He goes. You invite the virgin choirs, estranged from the enticements and allurements of the flesh, through whitening lilies and blushing roses, to drink at the fountain of everlasting life. You, in that most happy region of the blessed, having attained the first dignity, wandering with dewy soles amid the delights of paradise, and passing with tender knee through the grassy choirs, with a blessed palm gather unfading violets.
259:9
Tu enim mentibus sine iine sanctis conjuncta, angelis arcbangelisque sociata indesinenter voce indefessa clamitare, Sanctus, Sanctus, Sanctus, non desinis. Sed quid dicam pauper ingenio? cum de te quidquid dixero, minus profecto est, quam dignitas tua meretur. Si matrem gentium vocem, præcellis; si formam Dei appellem, digna existis; si nutricem cœlestis panis vocem, laclis dulcedine reples. Lacta ergo, mater, cibum nostrum, lacta panem coelestem, tacta cum angelorum, tacta eum qui talem fecit te, ut ipse fieret m te. Qui tibi munus fecunditatis attulit conceptus, et decus virginitatis non abstulit natus.
因為你既與聖潔的心靈無盡地聯合,與天使和天使長為伴,便不住地以不倦的聲音呼喊:聖哉,聖哉,聖哉。但我這才智貧乏之人能說什麼呢?因為無論我論你說什麼,必定都少於你的尊貴所配得的。若我稱你為萬邦之母,你超越此稱;若我稱你為神的形像,你堪當其名;若我稱你為天上之糧的乳母,你以乳汁的甘甜充滿我們。那麼,母親啊,餵養我們的食物吧;餵養那天上的糧吧;餵養那與眾天使同在者吧;餵養那位使你如此、好叫祂自己在你裡面成孕者吧。祂受孕便為你帶來生育的恩賜,出生卻未奪去童貞的榮耀。
For you, joined without end to holy minds, associated with angels and archangels, do not cease to cry out unceasingly with tireless voice: Holy, Holy, Holy. But what shall I say, poor in talent? Since whatever I shall say of you is surely less than your dignity deserves. If I call you the mother of the nations, you excel it; if I call you the form of God, you stand worthy; if I call you the nurse of the heavenly bread, you fill us with the sweetness of milk. Suckle then, O mother, our food; suckle the heavenly bread; suckle Him who is with the angels; suckle Him who made you such, that He Himself might be made in you. He who, being conceived, brought you the gift of fruitfulness, and, being born, did not take away the glory of virginity.
259:10
Qui priusquam nasceretur, te matrem creavit, ut illinc procederet de thalamo suo, quo mortalibus oculis posset videri. Quanta fuit hæc dignatio, ut crearetur ex te Rex, quam creavit; portaretur manibus quas creavit, sugeret 45 ubera quae implevit? Quas itaque laudes caritati Dei dicemus, quas gratias ei agemus, qui ita nos dilexit, ut propter nos homo fieret, ut uterum conditionis nostrae intraret, ut contumelias nati infantis subiret, ut cuncta humanitatis necessaria snstineret? Agentes ergo quantum sufficimus Creatori nostro gratias, natalem pretiosissimæ Genitricis cum gaudio celebremus.
祂在出生之先,便造你作祂的母親,好使祂從那裡、從自己的洞房中出來,以致祂能被必死的眼睛所見。這是何等的俯就:那位王竟由祂所造的你被造出來;祂竟被祂所造的雙手所抱;祂竟吮吸祂所充滿的乳房?因此,我們對神的慈愛要獻上什麼讚美,要向祂獻上什麼感謝呢?祂如此愛我們,以致為我們的緣故成為人,進入我們處境的母腹,承受初生嬰孩的羞辱,忍受人性一切的需要。因此,讓我們盡我們所能向我們的創造主獻上感謝,歡歡喜喜地慶祝這位至寶貴母親的誕辰。
He who, before He was born, created you His mother, that from there He might proceed out of His own bridal chamber, in which He could be seen with mortal eyes. How great was this condescension, that the King should be created from you whom He created; that He should be carried by the hands which He created; that He should suck the breasts which He filled? What praises, therefore, shall we utter to the charity of God, what thanks shall we render to Him, who so loved us, that for our sake He became man, that He might enter the womb of our condition, that He might undergo the humiliations of an infant new-born, that He might endure all the necessities of humanity? Rendering therefore, as far as we are able, thanks to our Creator, let us with joy celebrate the birthday of the most precious Mother.
259:11
Dignum namque est ut ei cum summa devotione famulemur, per quam nobis virginitatis insignia pullularunt: siquidem ipsa virgo exstitit ante conjugium, virgo iti conjuRio, virgo prægnans, virgo pariens, virgo data marito, et mater non de marito. Sanctæ quippe 46 Mariæ omnipotens Filius, nullo modo natus virginitatem abstulit, quam nascitorus elegit. Exsultent ergo virgines: virgo peperit Christum. Nihil ex eo quod noverint pntent exterminatum: mansit virgo post partum. Exsultent viduae natalem virginis celebrantes: Anna vidua virginem matrem agnovit. Exsultent conjugatæ, solemnia beatæ Mariæ frequentantes: Elisabeth conjugata a Virgine Matre Domini est salutata.
因為我們理當以至高的虔敬事奉她,因童貞的旌旗藉她為我們萌芽:既然她自己在婚前是童女,在婚中是童女,懷孕時是童女,生產時是童女,被許配給丈夫時是童女,作母親卻不是憑丈夫。因為聖潔馬利亞全能的兒子,藉出生絕未奪去那祂在將要出生時所揀選的童貞。因此,願眾童女歡躍:一位童女生了基督。願她們不要以為自己所知曉的有絲毫被除去:她在生產之後仍是童女。願眾寡婦歡躍,慶祝一位童女的誕辰:寡婦亞拿認出了這位童女母親。願眾已婚婦人歡躍,守蒙福馬利亞的節期:已婚的伊利莎白蒙主的童貞女母親問安。
For it is worthy that we should serve with the highest devotion her through whom the ensigns of virginity have budded forth for us: since she herself was a virgin before marriage, a virgin in marriage, a virgin while pregnant, a virgin while giving birth, a virgin given to a husband, and a mother not by a husband. For the almighty Son of holy Mary in no way, by being born, took away the virginity which He chose when about to be born. Let virgins therefore exult: a virgin bore Christ. Let them not think anything taken away from that which they had known: she remained a virgin after childbirth. Let widows exult, celebrating the birthday of a virgin: the widow Anna acknowledged the virgin mother. Let married women exult, keeping the solemnities of blessed Mary: the married Elizabeth was greeted by the Virgin Mother of the Lord.
259:12
Exsultent pueri, continentiam voventes puero. Ipse vero integritatem pueritiæ conservabat, qui matri suæ fecunditatem attulit. virginitatem non abstulit: cui est honor in sæcula sæculorum. Ainen.
願眾男童歡躍,向這聖童許下守貞之願。因為祂自己保守了童年的貞潔,這位為母親帶來生育卻未奪去其童貞者:願榮耀歸與祂,直到世世代代。阿們。
Let boys exult, vowing continence to the Boy. For He Himself preserved the integrity of boyhood, He who brought fruitfulness to His mother and did not take away her virginity: to whom be honor unto ages of ages. Amen.
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