拉丁教父 › 文集與托雷多會議
塞維利亞的萊安德爾
文集與托雷多會議 第 18 章
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18:1
Vino secundum Apostoli utere regulam. Ait enim Timotheo: Modico vino uiere propter stomachum tuum, et frequentes tuas infirmitates (Tim. v). Dum enim dicit modicum, medicinaliter bibendum fere monstratur, non ad ebrietatem. Nam alio loco idem sic dicit Apostolus: Vinum dixisti, omne vitium dixisti (Tit. 11). Ebrietas enim mortale est crimen: inter homicidia, et adulteria, vel fornicationes reputatur. Sic ejicit a regno Dei viui temuleulia, quemadmodum facinus adulterii, vel homicidii, vel aliorum c'iminum flagitia. Confirmat hoc dum dicit Apostolus: Nolite errare:
當照使徒的規矩用酒。因為他對提摩太說：因你胃口不清，屢次患病，可以稍微用點酒（提前五）。他既說「稍微」，可見酒幾乎當作藥用，不可至於醉。因為在別處同一使徒如此說：你說了「酒」，就說了「一切的惡」（多二）。因為醉酒是該死的罪：它被列在凶殺、姦淫或淫亂之中。如此，酒的醉態把人逐出神的國，正如姦淫、凶殺，或其他罪愆的醜行一樣。使徒如此說以證實此事：你們不要自欺：
Use wine according to the rule of the Apostle. For he says to Timothy: Use a little wine for your stomach's sake and your frequent infirmities (1 Tim. V). For when he says 'a little,' it is shown that it is to be drunk almost medicinally, not to drunkenness. For in another place the same Apostle says thus: When you said 'wine,' you said 'every vice.' For drunkenness is a mortal crime: it is reckoned among murders and adulteries or fornications. Thus the drunkenness of wine casts out from the kingdom of God, just as the deed of adultery, or murder, or the disgraces of other crimes. The Apostle confirms this when he says: Do not err:
18:2
neque fornicarii, neque idolis servientes, neque adulteri, neque melles, neque masculorum concubitores, neque fures, neque avari, neque ebriosi, neque maledici, neque rapaces regnum Dei possidebunt (1 Cor. vi). Vide quantum sit execranda ebrietas, ut etiam a regno Dei suos amatores ejiciat. Quam etiam terribiliter propheta increpet vino deditos vide, dicit enim: V æ qui potenies estis ad bibendum vinum, et viri fortes ad miscendam ebrietatem. V æ qui consurgitis mane ad ebrietatem sectandam, et potandum usque ad vesperam, ut vino æatuetis (Isai. I). Bibit vinum Noe, atque ebrietate sopitus, parte corporis verecundiori denudatus est (Gen. IX):
無論是淫亂的、拜偶像的、姦淫的、作孌童的、與男人苟合的、偷竊的、貪婪的、醉酒的、辱罵的、勒索的，都不能承受神的國（林前六）。你看醉酒是何等可憎，竟把它自己所愛之人甚至從神的國中逐出。也要看先知何等可怕地斥責那貪酒之人，因他說：禍哉，那些勇於飲酒、以能力調濃酒的人。禍哉，那些清早起來追求醉酒、留連到晚上、甚至因酒發燒的人（賽五）。挪亞喝酒，被醉酒所昏沉，以致身體較羞恥之處赤露（創九）：
neither fornicators, nor those who serve idols, nor adulterers, nor the effeminate, nor those who lie with men, nor thieves, nor the covetous, nor drunkards, nor the slanderous, nor the rapacious shall possess the kingdom of God (1 Cor. VI). See how greatly to be execrated is drunkenness, that it casts out its own lovers even from the kingdom of God. See also how terribly the prophet rebukes those given to wine, for he says: Woe to you that are mighty to drink wine, and stout men to mingle drunkenness. Woe to you that rise up early to follow drunkenness, and to drink until evening, that you may be inflamed with wine (Isa. V). Noah drank wine, and lulled by drunkenness, was bared in the more shameful part of his body (Gen. IX):
18:3
ut noveris sic consternari animum humanum vino, et rationem humanae mentis obtundi, ne seipsum quidem meminerit, multo minus etiam Deum. Et licet illa Noe ebrietas ac nudatio mysterium Christi passionis et mortis contineat, tamen ad litteram errorem facti insinuat. Loth viuo crapulatus incestum intulit filiarum (Gen. XIX), nec sensit errorem; de quo incentivo concubitu nascuntur Moabitae et Ammonitæ Et Dominus dicit: Moabitæ et Ammonitæ non intrabunt in Ecclesiam meam usque in decimam generationem (Deut. XXIII). Senti quonium sit fugienda vini satietas, ut etiam patriarchis scandali et culpae causa exstiterit.
好叫你知道人的心思如何被酒攪亂，人心的理性如何被酒鈍化，以致連自己都不記得，更何況記得神。雖然挪亞那醉酒與赤露包含基督受難與死的奧祕，然而按字面卻傳達了那行為的錯謬。羅得被酒灌醉，與女兒行了亂倫（創十九），竟不覺自己的錯；從那亂倫之合生出摩押人和亞捫人。主又說：摩押人和亞捫人，直到第十代也不可進入我的教會（申二十三）。你當體會酒的飽足何等當避，因它甚至成了眾先祖跌倒與過失的緣由。
that you may know how the human mind is thus thrown into disorder by wine, and the reason of the human mind dulled, so that it remembers not even itself, much less even God. And although that drunkenness and nakedness of Noah contains the mystery of Christ's passion and death, yet in the letter it conveys the error of the deed. Lot, sodden with wine, committed incest with his daughters (Gen. XIX), nor felt his error; from which incestuous lying-together are born the Moabites and the Ammonites. And the Lord says: The Moabites and the Ammonites shall not enter into my Church even to the tenth generation (Deut. XXIII). Perceive how the fullness of wine is to be fled, since it has been a cause of scandal and fault even to the patriarchs.
18:4
Ergo et virgo quae virtute corporis viget, bene facit si omnino se a vino abstinuerit. Invalidam vero et imbecillem pro medicina decet uti vino, non pro temulenta.
所以連那身強力壯的童貞女，若完全戒酒，便是行得好。但那虛弱無力的婦人，宜把酒當作藥用，而非用以醉酒。
Therefore even the virgin who flourishes in bodily strength does well if she abstains altogether from wine. But the weak and feeble woman, it is fitting, should use wine as medicine, not for intoxication.