塞維利亞的萊安德爾

文集與托雷多會議第 40 章

拉丁文原文．29 節．部分字詞可點開查義

40:1

Curam gerentes traditæ nobis a Deo reipublicae, simulque ut subditi nostri ex omni parte cum justitia vitam degant, studentes, subjeclam legem descripsimus. Quam quidem et sanctitati tuae, et per eam omnibus, qui in provincia tua sunt, manifestam facere pulchrum duximus. Tuae igitur religionis, et reliquorum episcoporum fuerit ista observare, et si quid praesides transgrediantur, ad nos referre, ne quid eorum quæ religiose simul et juste a nobis sancita sunt, despiciatur.

我們既擔負神所交託給我們的國家之治理，同時又熱切盼望我們的臣民在各方面都能秉公度日，便擬定了下列這道法律。我們認為將它向閣下並藉著閣下向你省中眾人公開，乃是美善之事。因此，遵守這些事，並在總督有任何僭越時稟報我們，便是你聖職以及其他諸主教的本分，免得我們既虔敬又公正所立定的任何條例遭人輕忽。

Bearing the care of the commonwealth handed over to us by God, and at the same time being zealous that our subjects may in every respect lead their life with justice, we have drawn up the law set out below. And we have judged it a fair thing to make it manifest both to your Holiness, and through you to all who are in your province. It shall therefore belong to your religious office and to that of the other bishops to observe these things, and if the governors transgress in anything, to refer it to us, lest any of those things which have been ordained by us at once religiously and justly be despised.

40:2

Nam si nos quidem subditos nostros miserati, quod ultra publicorum tributorum pensitationem, ingentibus praeterea injuriis propter venditiones provinciarum ex præsidum rapina supprimebantur, eas per subjectam legem tollere properavimus, vos autem in utramque dormientes aurem, nihil nobis renuntietis. Sit quidem domino Deo consecrata, vos autem rationem ei reddetis de injuria aliis illata, si per hanc occasionem, quod de his non instruamur, nocumenti aliquid vestris istis hominibus irrogetur.

因為我們既憐憫我們的臣民——他們在繳納公稅之外，更因省份買賣、出於總督的劫掠而蒙受巨大的損害——而急於藉下列法律廢除這些弊端，而你們卻兩耳酣睡、毫無稟報於我們；那麼，這事固然要奉獻於主神，但你們卻要為加於他人的損害向祂交賬，倘若藉著這個緣故——即我們未被告知這些事——竟有甚麼危害臨到你們那些人身上。

For if we indeed, taking pity on our subjects—who, over and above the payment of the public tributes, were moreover crushed by enormous injuries on account of the sale of the provinces arising from the rapacity of the governors—have hastened to abolish these by the law set out below, while you on the other hand sleep on both ears and report nothing to us; let it indeed be consecrated to the Lord God, but you shall render Him an account of the injury inflicted upon others, if through this occasion—namely that we are not informed of these matters—some harm be brought upon those men of yours.

40:3

Imo vos, qui in loco praesentes estis, et tam pro vobis quam pro caeteris decertatis, oportet certiores nos reddere, et de iis qui recte se in administratione gerunt, et qui hanc nostram legem transgrediuntur, ut utroque cognito, in hos quidem animadvertamus, illis vero aliquam referamus gratiam. Simul ac vero lex publice proposita, et omnibus manifesta facta est, tunc suscepta intra sacrosanctam recondatur ecclesiam una cum sacris vasis, nimirum cum et ipsa Deo dedicata, et ad salutem sub ipso constitutorum hominum scripta sit.

不僅如此，你們既身在當地，又既為自己也為眾人爭辯，更當使我們確知那些在治理上行事正直者，以及那些僭越我們這法律者，好叫我們既知此二者，便懲治後者，而對前者施以某種恩眷。一旦這法律公開頒布、向眾人顯明，便要將它領受、存放在至聖的教會中，與聖器同存——因為它本身也已奉獻於神，且是為那置於神之下的眾人之救恩而寫的。

Nay rather, you who are present on the spot, and who contend as much for yourselves as for the rest, ought to make us more certain both concerning those who conduct themselves rightly in the administration and those who transgress this law of ours, so that, both being known, we may punish the latter but bestow some favor upon the former. And as soon as the law has been publicly set forth and made manifest to all, then let it, having been received, be laid up within the most holy church together with the sacred vessels—seeing that it too has been dedicated to God and written for the salvation of the men placed under Him.

40:4

Multo autem speciosius, et magis ex usu bominum, qui per ea loca suot, facietis, si eam tabulis, aut lapidibus insculptam, ic porticibus sacrosanctæ ecclesiae praescribatis, promptam omnibus legeodi et parandi ea quae sancita sunt, facultatem praebentes. Cum vero de praesidum sinceritate tantam in animo sollicitudinem reposuimus, manifestum est multo nos minus permissuros civitatum defensoribus, ut vel aliquid accipiant, vel dent. Dabunt enim pro praebitis sibi in foro gloriosissimorum præfectorum jussionibus siquidem majores sint civitates, tantum solidos quatuor; si minores, solidos tres, et præterea milii.

但你們若使它刻在木牌或石碑上，立於至聖教會的柱廊之中，向眾人提供一個便於閱讀並獲取所定之事的途徑，你們的行事便更為光彩，也更有益於那些遍處的人。如今，我們既在心中對總督的廉潔懷有如此大的關切，顯然我們更不會容許各城的護民官（defensor）有任何收受或給予。因為他們要為在至榮的長官法庭所頒給他們的諭令而繳納：若是較大的城，只繳四個索利得；若是較小的城，繳三個索利得，此外另繳「黍稅」（milii）。

But you will act far more splendidly, and more to the advantage of the men who are throughout those places, if you cause it, engraved on tablets or stones, to be set up in the porticoes of the most holy church, affording to all a ready means of reading and of procuring the things that have been ordained. Now since we have laid up in our mind so great a solicitude concerning the integrity of the governors, it is manifest that we shall much less permit the defenders of the cities either to receive anything or to give. For they shall give, for the orders furnished to them in the court of the most glorious prefects, if the cities be greater, only four solidi; if smaller, three solidi, and besides that, for millet.

40:5

A nemine autem quidpiam, si freditus illis ex publico constitutus erit, aut si nibil ex publico percipiant, ultra ea quae sacra nostra constitutione ipsos ferre debere expressum est accipient. Alioqui si quid vel ipsi, vel ipsorum (ut vocant) chartularii, vel quispiam eorum qui circa ipsos sunt accepisse deprehendentur in quadruplum ei quod acceperunt restituent, neque non ea sollicitudine depellentur; et præterea perpetuo essilio multati, et corpore castigati, locum dabunt melioribus viris, qui pro malis eam sollicitudinem obeaot.

但他們不得從任何人領取任何東西——無論是否已從公帑為他們設定了薪俸，或是否毫無從公帑領取——除了我們神聖法令明文規定他們應得的之外。否則，倘若他們本人、或他們的所謂書記（chartularii）、或任何在他們左右者被查出曾有所收受，便要將所受的四倍歸還，並要被逐出該職守；此外，還要被判處終身流放、受肉身的責打，讓位給更好的人，由這些人代替惡人來履行那職守。

But they shall receive nothing whatsoever from anyone—if a stipend has been appointed for them out of the public funds, or even if they receive nothing from the public funds—beyond those things which it has been expressly stated by our sacred constitution that they ought to receive. Otherwise, if either they themselves, or their secretaries (as they are called), or any of those who are about them be caught having received anything, they shall restore fourfold what they received, nor shall they not be driven from that office of solicitude; and besides, condemned to perpetual exile and chastised in body, they shall give place to better men, who in the room of the wicked may discharge that solicitude.

40:6

Eritis autem vos quoque bujus rei custodes, simul inhibentes ea quae contra hæc fiunt, simul ad nos referentes, ut neque aliquid ejusmodi admissorum lateat, neque lateudo relinquatur impunitum, sed undique subditis nostris aequitas, et justitia reflorescat. Sed et qui etiamnum in officiis sunt, si post hujus legis insinuationem non omni rapina abstinuerint, sciaut etiam ipsi se constitutis in hac lege pœnis subjiciendos. Scriptum est edicti exemplum Constantinopolitanis in haec verba: Quantam in animo sollicitudinem de universis subditis reposuimus, satis indicat lex nuper a nobis posita, quam ad gloriosissimos nostros praefectos conscripsimus.

你們也要作此事的守護者，一面制止那些違背這些規定而行的事，一面稟報於我們，好叫這類過犯既不隱匿，也不致隱匿而逍遙法外，反倒使公平與公義從各方面向我們的臣民重新繁榮。至於那些迄今仍在任職者，倘若本法頒布之後仍不戒絕一切劫掠，便當知道他們自己也要受本法所定的刑罰。頒給君士坦丁堡人的諭旨抄本如下：我們在心中對眾臣民懷有何等大的關切，我們近日所頒的法律已充分表明，那是我們擬給至榮諸長官的。

And you too shall be guardians of this matter, at once restraining the things that are done contrary to these, and at once referring them to us, so that neither may any such offense lie hidden, nor, lying hidden, be left unpunished, but on every side fairness and justice may flourish again toward our subjects. But even those who are still now in offices, if after the promulgation of this law they do not abstain from all rapine, let them know that they too are to be subjected to the penalties appointed in this law. The copy of the edict was written to the Constantinopolitans in these words: How great a solicitude we have laid up in our mind concerning all our subjects, the law lately enacted by us sufficiently indicates, which we drew up to our most glorious prefects.

40:7

Sed conveniens est ut et vos providentiam nostram, quam circa omnes homines gerimus, cognitam et perspectam habeatis. Eaque de re legem ipsam in forma edictorum proposuimus, ut vos Domino Deo et Servatori nostro Jesu Christo justas laudes referatis, sed et nostro imperio, quod ob vestra commoda nihil non laboris Sustineamus. Aspeclabili comite Oricntis sic: in sacro nostro cubiculo, solidos LXIII, primicerio clarissimorum tribunorum notariorum cum quatuor scriniis sacri laterculi, solidos L; ejus adjutori. solidos III; cohorti gloriosissimorum præfectorum pro jussione, solidos LXXX. A proconsule Asiæ sic: in sacro nostro cubiculo, solidos LXIII;

但你們理當也認識並清楚體會我們對眾人所懷的眷顧。為此緣故，我們將這法律本身以諭令的形式頒布，好叫你們將當得的稱讚歸與主神和我們的救主耶穌基督，也歸與我們的帝國，因我們為你們的便利而不辭任何勞苦。出自至尊的東方伯爵（Count of the Orient）者如下：入我們的聖寢宮，六十三索利得；致至顯的書記長（primicerius），即諸護民官書記之首，連同神聖名冊的四個署房，五十索利得；致其助理，三索利得；致至榮諸長官的衛隊，為頒令，八十索利得。出自亞細亞的代執政官（proconsul）者如下：入我們的聖寢宮，六十三索利得；

But it is fitting that you too should have known and clearly perceived our providence, which we bear toward all men. And on that account we have set forth the law itself in the form of edicts, so that you may render just praises to the Lord God and our Savior Jesus Christ, and also to our empire, in that for your conveniences we undergo no lack of labor. From the honorable Count of the Orient thus: into our sacred bedchamber, 63 solidi; to the primicerius of the most illustrious tribunes of the notaries, with the four bureaus of the sacred register, 50 solidi; to his assistant, 3 solidi; to the cohort of the most glorious prefects for the order, 80 solidi. From the proconsul of Asia thus: into our sacred bedchamber, 63 solidi;

40:8

primicerio clarissimorum tribunorum notariorum cum quatuor scriniis sacri laterculi, solidos L; ejus adjutori, solid. III; cohorli gloriosissimorum præfectorum pro jussione, sol. LXXX. A spectabili comite Phrygiae Pacatianae sic: spectabilibus tribus charlulariis sacri nostri cubiculi, solid. I X; primiccrio clarissimorum tribunorum notariorum, sol. xxiv; ejus adjutori, sol. III; cohorti gloriosissimorum praefectorum pro jussione sol. L. A spectabili comite Galatiæ primæ sic: speetabilibus tribus chartulariis sacri nostri cubiculi, sol ix. Primicerio clarissimorum tribunorum notariorum, sol. XXIV; ejus adjutori sol. III. Cohorli gloriosissimorum praefectorum, projussione, sol. L.

致至顯的書記長，即諸護民官書記之首，連同神聖名冊的四個署房，五十索利得；致其助理，三索利得；致至榮諸長官的衛隊，為頒令，八十索利得。出自至尊的弗里吉亞·帕卡提亞納（Phrygia Pacatiana）伯爵者如下：致我們聖寢宮的三位至顯書記（chartularii），九索利得；致至顯的護民官書記之首，二十四索利得；致其助理，三索利得；致至榮諸長官的衛隊，為頒令，五十索利得。出自至尊的加拉太第一省（Galatia Prima）伯爵者如下：致我們聖寢宮的三位至顯書記，九索利得；致至顯的護民官書記之首，二十四索利得；致其助理，三索利得；致至榮諸長官的衛隊，為頒令，五十索利得。

to the primicerius of the most illustrious tribunes of the notaries, with the four bureaus of the sacred register, 50 solidi; to his assistant, 3 solidi; to the cohort of the most glorious prefects for the order, 80 solidi. From the honorable Count of Phrygia Pacatiana thus: to the three honorable chartularii of our sacred bedchamber, 9 solidi; to the primicerius of the most illustrious tribunes of the notaries, 24 solidi; to his assistant, 3 solidi; to the cohort of the most glorious prefects for the order, 50 solidi. From the honorable Count of Galatia Prima thus: to the three honorable chartularii of our sacred bedchamber, 9 solidi; to the primicerius of the most illustrious tribunes of the notaries, 24 solidi; to his assistant, 3 solidi; to the cohort of the most glorious prefects, for the order, 50 solidi.

40:9

A vicario Longi muri sic: spectabilibus tribus chartulariis sacri nostri cubiculi, sol. IX; primicerio clarissimorum tribunorum notariorum, sol. XXIV; ejus adjutori, sol. III; cohorti gloriosissimorum praefectorum pro jussione, sol. XL. Etquxcunque consulares administrationes sunt. A præside Palaestinæ primæ sic: spectabilibus tribus chartulariis sacri cubiculi, solid. ix; primicerio clarissimorum tribunorum notariorum, sol. xxiv; ejus adjutori, sol. III; cohorti gloriosissimorum praefectorum pro jussione, sol. XL. A præside Palaestinae secundae sic: spectabilibus tribus chartulariis sacri cubiculi, sol. ix; primicerio clarissimorum tribunorum notariorum, sol. xxiv; ejus adjutori, sol. III;

出自長城（Long Wall）的代理官（vicarius）者如下：致我們聖寢宮的三位至顯書記，九索利得；致至顯的護民官書記之首，二十四索利得；致其助理，三索利得；致至榮諸長官的衛隊，為頒令，四十索利得。以及凡屬執政官級的治區。出自巴勒斯坦第一省（Palaestina Prima）總督者如下：致聖寢宮的三位至顯書記，九索利得；致至顯的護民官書記之首，二十四索利得；致其助理，三索利得；致至榮諸長官的衛隊，為頒令，四十索利得。出自巴勒斯坦第二省（Palaestina Secunda）總督者如下：致聖寢宮的三位至顯書記，九索利得；致至顯的護民官書記之首，二十四索利得；致其助理，三索利得；

From the vicar of the Long Wall thus: to the three honorable chartularii of our sacred bedchamber, 9 solidi; to the primicerius of the most illustrious tribunes of the notaries, 24 solidi; to his assistant, 3 solidi; to the cohort of the most glorious prefects for the order, 40 solidi. And whatever administrations are of consular rank. From the governor of Palestine Prima thus: to the three honorable chartularii of the sacred bedchamber, 9 solidi; to the primicerius of the most illustrious tribunes of the notaries, 24 solidi; to his assistant, 3 solidi; to the cohort of the most glorious prefects for the order, 40 solidi. From the governor of Palestine Secunda thus: to the three honorable chartularii of the sacred bedchamber, 9 solidi; to the primicerius of the most illustrious tribunes of the notaries, 24 solidi; to his assistant, 3 solidi;