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塞維利亞的萊安德爾

文集與托雷多會議 第 22 章

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22:1
Quod quidem sub una professione manentibus omnia erunt communia omnibus, verum est, et legitur (Act. iv): scilicet, si omnes aequaliter valeant. Attamen interest quaedam discrelio senioris providentis quid unaquaeque poscit. Sic enim dividendum est, prout unicuique opus est. Quae potuit honorari in mundo, et dives fuit in sæculo. blandius fovenda est m monasterio; et quae reliquit in saeculo vestem pretiosam, cultiorem in monasterio meretur. Quæ vero sub penuria vixit in saeculo, et tegumento victuque eguit, grate ferat in monasterio nec algeat, nec esuriat, nec murmuret, si ea tractetur indulgentius quae dixit in saeculo delicatius.
在同一立志之下同住的人,凡物為眾人公用,這是真的,也有經上記載(使徒行傳四章):就是說,若眾人同樣健壯。然而仍有上司某種的明辨,察看各人所需。因為當這樣分配,正如各人所需用的。那在世上能受尊榮、在今世富足的,在修道院中要更溫柔地受看顧;那在世上撇下貴重衣裳的,在修道院中當得更精美的。但那在世上貧困度日、缺乏遮蓋與食物的,願她在修道院中存感恩接受,不受寒、不挨餓、不發怨言,若那在世上過慣奢華的被寬待些。
That for those abiding under one profession all things shall be common to all, is true, and so it is read (Acts 4): namely, if all alike are in good health. Yet there is a certain discernment of the superior who looks to what each one requires. For thus it must be divided, as each one has need. She who was able to be honoured in the world, and was rich in the age, is to be cherished more tenderly in the monastery; and she who left behind a precious garment in the world, deserves a finer one in the monastery. But she who lived in want in the world, and lacked covering and food, let her bear it gratefully in the monastery and neither be cold, nor hungry, nor murmur, if she be treated more indulgently who in the world lived too delicately.
22:2
Nam si prout cuique opus est non dividitur, fit superba in monasterio, quae fuit vilis in mundo; et quae erat potens in saeculo, humiliatur in monasterio. Sic agit, qui discrete non sapit, ut superbire faciat ex viii censu conversas, et dolore stimules honesto loco natas. Et si sufficit unde omnibus tribuatur aequaliter, nulla est unde murmuret: quoniam diacretio senioris dividet unicuique prout opus est. Sed dicis: Cur conversa est, nisi ut fiat humilis ex potente? Si ergo ista ex inclyto ad humilitatem descendit, illa ex paupere quod humiliaretur non habuit, forsitan si superbit. Charitas autem omnia temperat, atque ad eumdem pacis pertrahit limitem;
因為若不照各人所需分配,那在世上卑微的就在修道院中變得驕傲;那在今世有權勢的就在修道院中被貶抑。凡不以明辨而行的人就是這樣行,使出身低賤、歸主的人變得驕傲,又使生於尊貴地位的人因痛苦而受刺。倘若所有足夠均分給眾人,就無人可以發怨言:因為上司的明辨必照各人所需分給各人。但你說:她歸主豈不正是要從有權勢變為謙卑麼?那麼,若這人從顯赫降到謙卑,另一人從貧窮卻沒有可被貶抑的,或許就因此驕傲。然而愛調和萬事,把眾人引到平安同樣的界限;
For if it is not divided according to each one's need, she who was lowly in the world becomes proud in the monastery; and she who was powerful in the age is humbled in the monastery. So acts one who is not wise in discernment, so as to make those of mean condition grow proud when converted, and to grieve with pain those born in an honourable station. And if there is sufficient whereby an equal portion may be given to all, there is no ground for any to murmur: since the discernment of the superior will divide to each one as she has need. But you say: Why was she converted, except that she might become humble from being powerful? If, then, she came down from high estate to humility, the other, from poverty, had nothing in which she might be humbled, and perhaps becomes proud. But charity tempers all things, and draws all to the same boundary of peace;
22:3
ut nec illa infletur, quae reliquit potentiam; nec illa frangatur, quae fuit pauper, vel ancilla. Laudanda tamen est senior, si discrete cum singulis se gesserit, et unicuique prout opus est, diviserit. Ista sint dicta de veste, cibo, potu, vel opere pro invalidis ac delicatis, ut quae durius ferre non potest, tractetur lenius. Caeterum si circa eas quae ferre potuerint, factura est senior prout viderit, et quibus consulit pro usu delicatae vitae, vel corporis fragililate, non eas præreras honore seniorum, si posteriore conversae sunt tempore. Dum ergo ad te meus, soror Florentina, sermo dirigitur, derivavimus orationem studiis plurimum;
使那放棄權勢的不致自高,也使那曾是貧窮或婢女的不致受壓碎。然而上司若以審慎待各人,照各人所需分給各人,就當受稱讚。這些話是論到衣裳、飲食、或工作,為著軟弱嬌弱的人,使那不能承受嚴厲對待的可被溫和地對待。至於其餘那些能承受的人,上司必照她所看為合宜的而行;那些她為著嬌弱生活之用或身體軟弱而眷顧的,你不該因她們是後來歸主的,就在尊榮上將她們排在年長者之前。所以當我的話向你,弗洛倫提娜姊妹,發出之時,我們的言談已轉向許多別的事;
so that neither may she be puffed up who has relinquished power, nor she be crushed who was poor, or a handmaid. Yet the superior is to be praised, if she has conducted herself discreetly with each one, and divided to each as she has need. Let these things be said concerning clothing, food, drink, or work for the weak and delicate, so that she who cannot bear harder treatment may be dealt with more gently. As for the rest, regarding those who are able to bear, the superior will act as she sees fit; and those for whom she provides for the use of a delicate way of life, or because of bodily frailty, you should not set before the elders in honour, if they were converted at a later time. While, then, my discourse is directed to you, sister Florentina, we have diverted our speech very much to other concerns;
22:4
nulli tamen jugum imponimus, sed quod bonestum est suademus.
然而我們不將軛加給任何人,乃是勸勉那為美善的事。
yet we lay a yoke upon no one, but persuade what is honourable.
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