拉丁教父 › 文集與托雷多會議
塞維利亞的萊安德爾
文集與托雷多會議 第 89 章
拉丁文原文．8 節．部分字詞可點開查義
89:1
Idem Augustus Joanm PP. Deo n bis auxilium praebente, omnia quæ pro Lonore sanctae Ecclesiae catholicæ ad Dei placitum fieri properamus, legibus constituere et operibus adimplere desideramus. Et jam quidem multa cum ejus auxilio statuimus quae eccle-iasticæ doctrinae atque statui conveniunt: in præsenti vero hoc pia deliberatione duximus corrigendum, quod hactenus contra Dei timorem fiebat.
同一奧古斯都致禁衛軍統領約翰。蒙神賜助，凡我們為了神聖大公教會的尊榮、按神的喜悅而急切要行的一切，我們都渴望以法律確立、以行動成全。靠著祂的幫助，我們已制定了許多合乎教會教義與秩序的事；但如今，我們以虔誠的考量判定，此事須加以糾正，因為它直到現在仍是違背敬畏神之心而行的。
The same Augustus to John, Praetorian Prefect. With God affording us His aid, all things which we hasten to do according to God's good pleasure for the honour of the holy Catholic Church, we desire to establish by laws and to fulfil in deeds. And indeed, with His aid, we have already enacted many things which befit ecclesiastical doctrine and order; but at present, in pious deliberation, we have judged this matter to require correction, which until now was being done contrary to the fear of God.
89:2
Cognitum etenim nobis est, quod si quis sponsus, vel sponsa, post datas et acceptas arrhas, voluisset se divino deputare servitio, et a sxculari conversatione tecedere, ac sanctimonialem vitam vivere, atque in Dei timore permanere, compellebatur vir quidem ea quæ arrharum nomine dederat amittere, sponsa vero in duplum id quod acceperat reddere. Quod nostrae mansuetudini, religioni contrarium esse, visum est. Unde per præsentem legem in perpetuum valituram jubemus: ut si quis sponsus vel sponsa, [desideraverit saeculi istius vitam contemnere, et in sanctimonialium conversatione vivere sponsus quidem omnia quae arrharum nomine futuri causa conjugii dedit sine ulla deminutione recipiat;
因為我們得知，若有任何已訂婚的男子或女子，在聘禮（定金）已給與並收受之後，願將自己獻於聖事，脫離世俗的生活方式，度聖潔的生活，並常存敬畏神之心，則男子竟被強制喪失他作為聘禮所給之物，而訂婚的女子則被強制歸還她所收受的雙倍。此事在我們的仁慈看來，乃是違背宗教的。因此，我們藉此現行、永遠有效之法令規定：若有任何訂婚男子或女子，渴望輕看今世的生活，而度奉獻者的生活，則男子應毫無減損地收回他為將來婚姻、作為聘禮所給的一切；
For it has come to our knowledge that, if any betrothed man or betrothed woman, after the earnest-money (arrhae) had been given and received, should wish to dedicate himself or herself to the divine service, and to withdraw from a secular manner of life and to live the consecrated life, and to abide in the fear of God, the man indeed was compelled to forfeit that which he had given by way of earnest-money, while the betrothed woman was compelled to return double what she had received. This has seemed to our clemency to be contrary to religion. Wherefore, by the present law, to remain in force forever, we ordain: that if any betrothed man or betrothed woman should desire to despise the life of this world and to live in the manner of consecrated persons, the man indeed shall recover, without any diminution, all that he gave by way of earnest-money for the sake of the future marriage;
89:3
sponsa autem non duplum (sicut hactenus), sed hoc tantummodo sponso restituat quod arrharum nomine acceperat, et nihil amplius reddere compellatur, nisi quod probata fuerit accepisse. Nam et maritis et uxoribus qui saeculo renuntiant jam anteriore lege a nobis provisum est: ut, sive mariius, sive uxor religionis causa a conjugio recesserit, et solilanam vitam elegerit, unusquisque eorum res suas recipiat, quas pro dote vel ante nuptias donatione praestiterat, et hoc tantummodo lucri nomine consequatur ab eo qui solitariam vitam elegerit, quod debuit legitimc vel ex pacto per casum mortis exigere. § 1.
而訂婚的女子不應歸還雙倍（如以往那樣），只須將她作為聘禮所收受之物歸還男子，除了被證明她確曾收受者外，不得被強制歸還更多。因為關於棄絕世俗的丈夫與妻子，我們早先已在一條法律中作了規定：無論是丈夫或妻子為宗教之故離開婚姻、選擇獨修生活，他們各人應收回自己的財產，即作為嫁妝或婚前贈與所提供之物，並僅得從選擇獨修生活的一方按收益之名取得他或她依法、或依約在對方死亡時本有權索取者。第一節。
and the betrothed woman shall restore to the man not double (as hitherto), but only that which she had received by way of earnest-money, and shall be compelled to return nothing further except what she is proven to have received. For with regard to husbands and wives also who renounce the world, provision has already been made by us in an earlier law: that, whether the husband or the wife should withdraw from the marriage for the sake of religion and choose the solitary life, each of them shall recover his or her own property, which had been furnished by way of dowry or of ante-nuptial gift, and shall obtain from the one who chose the solitary life, by way of gain, only that which he or she would have had the right lawfully, or by agreement, to exact in the event of death. §1.
89:4
Hoc etiam cognitum nobis correctione nostra dignum esse judicamus, ut si quis in parentum potestate constitutus vel constituta, vel forsan hujusmodi jure absolutus vel absoluta, elegerit se monasterio vel clero sociare, et reliquum vitæ suæ tempus sanctimonialiter degere voluerit, non liceat parentibus eosdem vel easdem quocumque modo abstrahere, vel propter hanc tantummodo causam quasi ingralum vel ingratam a sua haereditate vel successione repellere, sed necesse sit cis omnimodo, cum ultimam voluntatem suam, sive per scripturam, sive alio legitimo modo perficiunt, quartam quidem portionem secundum leges nostras eis relinquere;
我們也判定此事值得由我們加以糾正：若有任何男子或女子，仍在父母權下，或或許已脫離此種權限，選擇加入修道院或聖職，並願以聖潔的方式度其餘生，則父母不得以任何方式將之拉走，亦不得僅以此為由，將之視為忘恩者而從繼承或承繼中排除；反之，當他們以書面或其他合法方式立定遺囑時，必須按我們的法律，留給這些兒女四分之一的份額；
This too we judge to be worthy of correction by us: that if anyone, man or woman, placed under the power of parents, or perhaps released from this kind of authority, should choose to associate himself or herself with a monastery or the clergy, and should wish to pass the remaining time of his or her life in a consecrated manner, it shall not be lawful for the parents to draw such a one away by any means whatsoever, nor for this cause alone to repel him or her from their inheritance or succession as ungrateful; but it shall be wholly necessary for them, when they execute their last will, whether by writing or in some other lawful manner, to leave to such children a fourth part according to our laws;
89:5
sin autem et amplius voluerint eis largiri, hoc eorum voluntati concedimus. Sin vero ultimam voluntatem parentes neque testamento, neque alio ultimo elogio declarasse monstrati fuerint, omnem parentum substantiam haeredes, quibus ab intestato competit, secundum leges nostras sibi defendant, nullo eis impedimento ex sancLimoniali conversatione generando, sive soli, sive cum aliis ad successionem vocantur. — § i. Hujus autem perpetuae nostræ legis beneficia eos volumus obtinere, qui in monasterio vel clericatu perseveraverint.
但若他們願意賜給這些兒女更多，這我們也容許他們自行決定。然而，若被證明父母既未以遺囑、亦未以任何其他最終處分宣告其遺願，則依無遺囑繼承而有權的繼承人，應按我們的法律為自己主張父母的全部財產，不因奉獻生活之故而對他們造成任何阻礙，無論他們是單獨、或與他人一同被召承繼。第一節。但我們願這條永久之法的恩惠，歸於那些在修道院或聖職中堅持到底的人。
but if they should wish to bestow even more upon them, this we grant to their will. But if it be shown that the parents declared their last will neither by testament nor by any other final disposition, the heirs to whom it falls by intestacy shall claim for themselves, according to our laws, the whole substance of the parents, no impediment being created against them by reason of the consecrated manner of life, whether they be called to the succession alone or together with others. §1. But we will that the benefits of this our perpetual law be obtained by those who shall have persevered in the monastery or in the clerical state.
89:6
Nam si qui eorum de quibus praesentem legem posuimus sanctimonialem vitam elegerint, ad saecularem autem conversationem postea remeaverint, jubemus omnes eorum res ad jura ejusdem ecclesire vel monasterii a quo recesserint pertincre. — § 3. His ita dispositis, repetita lege jubemus ut nullus Jud;rus, vel paganus, vel haereticus servos Christianos habeat. Quod si inventi in tali reatu fuerint, sancimus servos omnibus modis liberos esse, secundum anteriorem nostrarum legum tenorem. In praesenti autem hoc amplius decernimus, ut.
因為若有任何我們在此法所及之人選擇了奉獻生活，後來卻又重返世俗的生活方式，我們命令他們的一切財產皆歸屬於他們所離棄的那個教會或修道院的權利之下。第三節。如此安排之後，我們以重申之法命令：任何猶太人、外邦人或異端，皆不得擁有基督徒奴隸。若他們被發現有此罪愆，我們規定這些奴隸應按我們先前法律的旨意，無論如何皆得自由。但如今我們另作此決議，即：
For if any of those concerning whom we have laid down the present law shall have chosen the consecrated life, but afterwards shall have returned to a secular manner of life, we command that all their property pertain to the rights of that same church or monastery from which they withdrew. §3. These things being thus disposed, by a repeated law we command that no Jew, nor pagan, nor heretic possess Christian slaves. And if they be found in such guilt, we ordain that the slaves be free by all means, according to the tenor of our earlier laws. But at present we decree this in addition, that
89:7
si quis ex praedictis Judæis, vel paganis, aut hæreticis habuerit servos nondum catholicæ fidei sanctissimis mysteriis imbutos, et praedicti servi desideraverint ad orthodoxam fidem venire, postquam catholicæ ecclesiae sociati fuerint, in libertatem modis omnibus ex praesenti lege eripiantur; et eos tam judices provinciarum quam sacrosanctæ ecclesiæ defensores, necnon beatissimi episcopi, defendant, nihil pro eorum pretiis penitus accipientibus dominis. Quod si forte posthac etiam ipsi domini eorum ad orthodoxam fidem conversi fuerint, non liceat eis ad servitutem redeo cere illos qui eos ad fidem orthodoxam præcesserunt. Sed si quis talia usurpaverit, poenis gravissimis sub. jacebit.
若前述任何猶太人、外邦人或異端，擁有尚未領受大公信仰至聖奧蹟的奴隸，而這些奴隸渴望歸入正統信仰，則在他們加入大公教會之後，便藉此現行之法無論如何皆得釋放為自由；並且各省的法官、至聖教會的護衛者，以及至蒙福的主教們，皆當保護他們，而主人們則絕不得為其身價收取任何代價。倘若日後主人自己也歸信正統信仰，他們亦不得將那些比他們先歸入正統信仰之人重新帶回為奴。但若有人僭行此事，必受最嚴厲的刑罰。
if any of the aforesaid Jews, or pagans, or heretics should have slaves not yet imbued with the most holy mysteries of the Catholic faith, and the said slaves should desire to come to the orthodox faith, then, after they have been joined to the Catholic Church, they shall by the present law be set at liberty by all means; and let both the governors of the provinces and the defenders of the most sacred church, as well as the most blessed bishops, protect them, the masters receiving absolutely nothing for their price. And if perchance afterwards the masters themselves should be converted to the orthodox faith, it shall not be lawful for them to bring back into servitude those who preceded them to the orthodox faith. But if anyone should usurp such things, he shall be subject to the gravest penalties.
89:8
Hæc igitur omnia quae pietatis intuitu nostra sanxit æternitas, omnes judices, et religiosissimi antistites, sive Africanae dioeceseos (in qua maxime hujusmodi vitia frequentari cognovimus), sive aliarum provinciarum, gnaviter et studiosissime observari procurent. Nam contemptores non solum pecuniaria multa, sed etiam capitis supplicio ferientur.
因此，凡我們的永世聖意出於對虔敬的顧念所制定的這一切事，願所有法官，以及最虔敬的主教們——無論是非洲教區（我們得知此類惡行在那裡尤為頻繁）的，或是其他各省的——皆當勤勉而極其熱心地設法遵守。因為藐視者不僅將受財產的罰款，更將受死刑的刑罰。
All these things, therefore, which our Eternity has sanctioned out of regard for piety, let all the judges, and the most religious prelates — whether of the African diocese (in which we have learned that vices of this kind are especially frequent), or of the other provinces — take diligent and most zealous care to observe. For the contemners shall be struck not only with a pecuniary fine, but also with capital punishment.