拉丁教父 › 文集與托雷多會議
塞維利亞的萊安德爾
文集與托雷多會議 第 73 章
拉丁文原文．8 節．部分字詞可點開查義
73:1
Ut impiam Samaritanorum hæresim et omni ra tione carentem horum vesaniam ad meliorem frugem perduceremus, neque non ipsorum animas quo detinentur morbo liberaremus, sæpenumero tam pientissi. mus princeps pater noster quam etiam nos ipsi studio habuimus. Sed in plerisque horum non potuimus id in quod longo studio incubuimus effectui tradere. Evaserunt enim in tantam nonnulli eorum vesaniam, ut vel salutari baptismo diguati, denuo ad id mali unde discesserant redierint, et eadem cum Samaritanis habere in pretio, eodem cum ipsis agitari furore dignoscantur. Praeclarum igitur nobis visum est veterem illam et prius contra ipsos propositam patris nostri legem renovare.
為使我們能將撒瑪利亞人那不虔的異端，及其全無理性、愚妄至極的瘋狂引回較佳的果子，並使他們的心靈脫離那緊纏住他們的疾病，我們那至虔的君王、我們的父親，並我們自己，曾多次以此為念。但對其中大多數人，我們未能成就那長久殷勤勞苦所求之事。因為他們中有些人陷入這般瘋狂，以致雖蒙配得救恩的洗禮，卻又回到他們已離開的那惡中，被察知他們仍與撒瑪利亞人珍視同樣的事，被同樣的狂亂所驅使。故此我們認為更新我們的父親從前所頒、針對他們的那古法，乃是上策。
That we might lead back to better fruit the impious heresy of the Samaritans and their senseless folly devoid of all reason, and might free their souls from the disease by which they are held fast, full often both our most pious prince and father, and we ourselves, have made it our concern. But in the case of most of them we could not bring to effect that upon which we had long labored with zeal. For some of them have broken out into such madness that, although deemed worthy even of saving baptism, they have returned again to that evil from which they had departed, and are discerned to hold the same things in esteem as the Samaritans, and to be driven by the same frenzy as they. It has therefore seemed excellent to us to renew that old law formerly set forth against them by our father.
73:2
Ac propterea sancimus ut ipsi neque ex testamenti tabulis, neque absque iis haeredes fiant, legatave capiant, aut donationis titulo rem aliquam nanciscantur. Sed neque Samaritani, aut in universum hæretici, quive rectam se Christianorum fidem amplecti simulant, cum revera neque ita sentiant, neque huic consentanea faciant, ad haereditatem ab intestato vocati, successionem habeant. Item neque testamenta conscribant, neque legata relinquant, aut donent, nisi qui ea percepturi sunt, et recte de fide sentiant, et fideles sint operibus. Nam si nemo horum sit, jubemus ut post ipsorum mortem horum bona ad sacratissimum pertineant ærarium.
故此我們規定：他們既不可憑遺囑、也不可不憑遺囑而成為繼承人，不可接受遺贈，不可以贈與的名義得著任何物。撒瑪利亞人，或泛指一切異端者，或那些假裝接受基督徒正信、而實際既不如此相信、也不行與此相符之事的人，也不可在無遺囑承繼中被召為繼承而持有承繼權。同樣，他們不可立遺囑，不可留遺贈，不可作贈與，除非受贈者乃是對信仰持正信、且在行為上忠信的人。因為若無這樣的人，我們便命定：在這些人死後，其財產當歸於至聖的國庫。
And therefore we ordain that they themselves shall be made heirs neither by the tablets of a testament nor without them, nor receive legacies, nor obtain anything under the title of a donation. But neither shall the Samaritans, or in general the heretics, or those who feign to embrace the right faith of Christians while in truth they neither so believe nor do things consonant with it, having been called to an inheritance on intestacy, hold the succession. Likewise let them neither draw up testaments, nor leave legacies, nor make donations, except to those who are to receive them and rightly believe concerning the faith and are faithful in works. For if there be none of these, we command that after their death the goods of these persons shall pertain to the most sacred treasury.
73:3
Unde et sacra illa forma, per indulgentiam ipsis a patre nostro concessa, quae, legis vicem obtinens, largitur ipsis, ut haereditatem pariter adire et transmittere, item legatis honorari et legata relinquere possint, in posterum vacabit, neque prorsus ullam firmitatem habebit. Nam si hujus se clementia indignos esse perhibuerint qui Samaritanorum agitantur vesania, neminem alium quam seipsos accusabunt, cum a benignitate Dei et Servatoris nostri Jesu Christi alieni sint. Liberalitates autem ab imperatoria olim majestate ipsis concessas amittunt in hoc, ut ad meliorem roentem redeant, non ut.perpetuo in perversa hac opinione sua permaneant.
由此，我們父親出於寬待所賜給他們、具有法律效力的那道神聖詔令——它賜予他們可同樣承受並轉移繼承、亦可受遺贈並留遺贈——今後便要失效，毫無任何效力。因為那些被撒瑪利亞人的狂亂所驅使的人，若顯出自己不配得此寬仁，他們所能控告的便唯有自己，因為他們與天主、我們救主耶穌基督的恩慈無分。他們喪失帝國威嚴從前所賜的恩典，其用意原是要他們回轉歸於較佳的心思，並非要他們永遠停留在這悖謬的見解中。
Whence also that sacred form, granted to them by the indulgence of our father, which, holding the place of law, bestowed upon them that they might both enter upon and transmit an inheritance, likewise be honored with legacies and leave legacies, shall in future be void, and shall have no firmness whatsoever. For if those who are driven by the frenzy of the Samaritans shall have shown themselves unworthy of this clemency, they will accuse no other than themselves, since they are aliens from the kindness of God and our Savior Jesus Christ. And they lose the liberalities once granted them by the imperial majesty in this respect, that they might return to a better mind, not that they might remain perpetually in this perverse opinion of theirs.
73:4
Excipimus autem a praesente lege rusticos, qui Samaritanorum opinionibus honorem habent; idque non ipsorum gratia, sed propter constitutionem prædiorum quae ab ipsis coluntur, propterque reditus et tributa quae exinde inferuntur publico, ut qui rusticitate seducantur. Hi. etenim permittimus ut tam ascendentes quam descendentes, et ex transverso cognatos suos hæredes legatariosve scribant, lametsi Samaritanorum errore detineantur, ut tamen fundos recte colant, quo magis et uberior exinde proventus ad prædiorum dominos deferatur, et per ipsos ad fiscum. Sed et s ne testamentis praedicti alter ad alterius hæreditatem pervenient propter eamdem causam.
但我們將那些尊崇撒瑪利亞人見解的鄉民排除於本法之外；這並非為他們自己的緣故，乃是為著由他們耕作的田產之經營，並為著由此繳入公庫的收益與貢稅，因他們乃是被鄉野的愚昧所誘。對這些人，我們准許他們可立其尊親屬、卑親屬及旁系血親為繼承人或受遺贈人，縱使他們被撒瑪利亞人的謬誤所纏，但須他們正當耕作田地，好使由此有更豐的出產獻給田產之主，並藉他們獻入國庫。並且，即使無遺囑，上述之人也當為同一緣故，由一人承受另一人的繼承。
But we except from the present law the country folk who hold the opinions of the Samaritans in honor; and that not for their own sake, but on account of the establishment of the estates which are cultivated by them, and on account of the revenues and tributes which thereby accrue to the public, inasmuch as they are seduced by rusticity. For these we permit that they may write both their ascendants and their descendants, and their collateral kinsmen, as heirs or legatees, even though they be held by the error of the Samaritans, yet so that they cultivate the lands aright, whereby a richer produce may thence be brought to the lords of the estates, and through them to the fisc. But also without testaments the aforesaid shall pass the one to the inheritance of the other, for the same cause.
73:5
Quandoquidem et si nemo horum inveniatur, nihilominus tamen volumus ut prædii dominus in quo rusticus defunctus; est ab illo relicta capiat, et fisci locum teneat, utpote qui et pro illo publicis satisfacit tributis. Præterea Samaritanum omnino neque militinm capessere concedimus, neque ad civilem administrationem acce-, dere, neque postulare in judicio, neque postremo in consortium disertissimorum assumi rhetorum, neque adolescentes instituere.
既然即使尋不見這些人中的任何一個，我們仍願那位田產之主——就是那鄉民在其田上身故的——取得他所遺留之物，並居國庫之位，因為他也代他向公庫繳納貢稅。此外，我們斷不准許撒瑪利亞人從軍，不准其進入文官行政，不准其在法庭中訴訟，最後也不准其被接納入最善辯的修辭學家之列，也不准其教導青年。
Since even if none of these be found, we nevertheless will that the lord of the estate, on which the countryman died, shall take the things left by him, and hold the place of the fisc, inasmuch as he also satisfies the public tributes on his behalf. Moreover, we by no means grant that a Samaritan may take up military service, nor accede to civil administration, nor plead in court, nor lastly be received into the fellowship of the most eloquent rhetors, nor instruct the young.
73:6
Sed et si qui ex iis salutari dignati baptismo, ad pristinum denuo errorem reversi, observare sabbata aut etiam alia quaedam agere videantur, quae coarguant per simulationem ipsos sanctum baptisma assumpsisse, eos proscribi jubemus, et in perpetuum tradi exsilium. Iisdem quoque poenis eos subdimus, qui contra rectam Christianorum fidem impium istis patrocinium præstiterint. Perpulchrum vero nobis videtUr ut ad incontaminatum accurrentes baptisma non temere suscipiantur, sed cum quadam observatione et instructione, quæ Initiationis tempore fleri solet.
但若他們中有人蒙配得救恩的洗禮，卻又回到從前的謬誤，被看見守安息日、或甚至行某些別的事，足以證明他們乃是藉假裝而領受了聖洗，我們便命令將他們褫奪公權，並交付永久流放。對那些違背基督徒正信、向這些人施以不虔庇護的人，我們也加以同樣的刑罰。我們認為極好的是：那些奔赴無玷之洗的人，不可貿然被接納，乃當以某種察驗與教導接納之，就是慣常在領洗預備之時所行的。
But also if any of them, deemed worthy of saving baptism, having returned again to their former error, should be seen to observe the sabbaths or even to do certain other things which convict them of having assumed holy baptism through pretense, we command that they be proscribed and delivered to perpetual exile. To the same penalties also we subject those who, against the right faith of Christians, have furnished impious patronage to these men. And it seems to us most excellent that those who hasten to the undefiled baptism be not rashly received, but with a certain observance and instruction, which is wont to take place at the time of initiation.
73:7
Dicimus autem ut qui omnino sensu aliquo bonae doctrinae tangi possunt, per duos primum annos in fide instituantur, et pro viribus Scripturas ediscant; tuncque demum sacro redemptionis offerantur baptismati tam longi temporis poenilentia prorsus rcdemptionis fructum assecuti. Pueros autem admodum, qui per aetatem doctrinas intelligere nequeunt, etiam absque hac observatione sacro dignari baptismate admittinuis. Porro nullus Samaritanus Christianum habebit mancipium, sed simul atque emptum fuerit, protinus in libertatem rapiatur.
我們又說：凡能以某種對良善教義的領悟而受感動者，當先用兩年時間受信仰的教導，並竭盡所能學習聖經；然後才終於得獻於救贖的聖洗，藉那如此長久的補贖之期，得以完全領受救贖的果子。但對那些年紀甚幼、因其年齡尚不能領會教義的孩童，我們准許即使不經此察驗，也可配受聖洗。再者，撒瑪利亞人不可擁有基督徒奴僕；凡一經買得，便當立即使其獲得自由。
And we say that those who can in any way be touched by some perception of good doctrine should first for two years be instructed in the faith, and learn the Scriptures to the best of their power; and only then at last be offered to the sacred baptism of redemption, having through so long a time of penance fully attained the fruit of redemption. But children who are very young, who through their age cannot understand doctrines, we admit to be deemed worthy of holy baptism even without this observance. Further, let no Samaritan have a Christian slave; but as soon as one shall have been bought, let him straightway be hurried into liberty.
73:8
Quod si æque perversa opinione mancipium, ut ipse dominus, fuerit, lioitum ei esto, si Christianorum de fide sententiam exosculetur, illico et Romana ipsum libertate potiri. Quae igitur nobis placuerunt, et per præsentem declarantur Jegem, ea proponens I gloria tua solemnibus locis, effectui et flui contradi præcipito.
但若那奴僕與其主人同抱悖謬的見解，則他若擁戴基督徒對信仰的看法，便當准其立即由此得著羅馬人的自由。故此凡蒙我們所喜悅、並藉本法所宣布之事，願閣下將其張貼於公示之處，命令付諸實行並使之完成。
But if the slave be of an equally perverse opinion as the master himself, let it be lawful for him, if he embrace the Christian sentiment concerning the faith, forthwith to obtain Roman liberty thereby. The things therefore which have pleased us, and are declared through the present law, do you, your glory, setting them forth in the solemn places, command to be brought to effect and to their end.