拉丁教父 › 文集與托雷多會議
塞維利亞的萊安德爾
文集與托雷多會議 第 87 章
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87:1
Idem Augustus Hermogeni magistro officiorum. Raptores virginum, vel viduarum, vel diaconissarum, quae Deo fuerint dedicatæ, pessima criminum peccantes, capitis supplicio plecLendos esse decernimus, quod non soluin ad injuriam hominum, sed et ad ipsius omnipotentis Dei irreverentiam committitur. Qui itaque hujusmodi crimen commiserint, et qui eis auxilium tempore invasionis præbuerint, ubi inventi fuerint in ipsa rapina, et adhuc flagrante crimine deprehensi a parentibus sanctimonialium virginum, vel viduarum, vel diaconissarum aut earum consanguineis, vel tutoribus, seu curatoribus, convicti interficiantur.
同一位奧古斯都致掌禮大臣赫莫格涅斯。我們裁定：凡擄掠歸獻於神的童貞女、寡婦、或女執事之人，乃犯下諸罪中最惡之罪，當以極刑處死，因為這不僅是對人的侵害，更是對全能之神本身的不敬而犯。故此，凡犯下此類罪行之人，以及在侵犯之時給予他們協助之人，當他們正在擄掠之中被發現、且在罪行尚熾之際被那些受獻童貞女、或寡婦、或女執事的父母、或其親屬、或監護人、或保佐人當場拿獲時，一經定罪，便當處死。
The same Augustus to Hermogenes, Master of the Offices. We decree that the ravishers of virgins, or of widows, or of deaconesses, who have been dedicated to God, sinning with the worst of crimes, are to be smitten with capital punishment, since it is committed not only to the injury of men, but also to the irreverence of Almighty God Himself. Those therefore who shall have committed a crime of this kind, and those who shall have furnished them aid at the time of the assault, when they are found in the very rapine, and caught while the crime is still flagrant, by the parents of the consecrated virgins, or of the widows, or of the deaconesses, or by their kinsmen, or guardians, or curators, being convicted, let them be put to death.
87:2
Sin autem post commissum tam detestabile crimen, aut potentatu raptor se defendere, aut fuga evadere potuerit, in hac quidem regia urbe tam viri excelsi præfecti prætorio, quam glori sissimus præfectus urbi, in provinciis autem, tam viri eminentissimi præfecti prætorio per Illyricum, et Africam, quam magistri militum per diversas nostri orbis regiones, nec non vir spectabilis praefectus Ægypti, et vicarii, et proconsules, et nihilominus viri spectabiles duces, et viri clarissimi rectores provinciarum, nec. non alii cujuslibet ordinis judices, qui in locis illis inventi fuerint, simile studium cum magna sollicitudine adhibeant, ut eos possint comprehendere;
但若在如此可憎的罪行已被犯下之後，那擄掠者得以憑藉勢力為自己辯護、或藉逃亡而脫身，則在這王都，無論是最尊貴的眾禁衛軍長官，還是最榮耀的京城長官，而在各行省，無論是遍及伊利里庫姆與阿非利加的最卓越的眾禁衛軍長官，還是遍及我們版圖各地的眾軍務統帥，以及最尊貴的埃及長官、各代理官、各副執政、同樣還有最尊貴的眾將領、與最顯赫的各省省長，並還有在那些地方所見的任何品級之法官，都當以極大的關切施以同樣的熱忱，務使他們能將這等人拿獲；
But if, after so detestable a crime has been committed, the ravisher shall have been able either to defend himself by power, or to escape by flight, then in this royal city both the most excellent praetorian prefects, and the most glorious prefect of the city, but in the provinces both the most eminent praetorian prefects throughout Illyricum and Africa, and the masters of the soldiery throughout the diverse regions of our world, as well as the most distinguished prefect of Egypt, and the vicars, and proconsuls, and likewise the most distinguished dukes, and the most illustrious rectors of the provinces, and also the judges of any rank whatsoever who shall be found in those places, let them apply like zeal with great solicitude, that they may be able to apprehend them;
87:3
et comprehensos in tali crimine, post legitimas, et juri cognitas probationes, sine forti praescriptione, durissimis poenis afficiant, et mortis condemnent supplicio. Bona autem eorum, si hoc commissum fuerit in sanctimonialem virginem. quae vel in asceterio, vel monasterio degit, sive eadem virgo diaconissa constituta sit, sive non, eidem monasterio, vel asceterio ubi consecrata est addicantur, ut ex his rebus et ipsa solatium habeat, dum vivit, sufficiens, et res omnes sacrosanctum asceterium seu monasterium pleno habeat dominio;
並且，對於那些在此類罪行中被拿獲之人，經合法的、且為司法所認可的證據之後，不容任何有力的時效抗辯，便當以最嚴酷的刑罰加之於身，並判處死刑。但他們的財物，若此事是針對一位居於苦修團體或隱修院的受獻童貞女而犯，無論該童貞女是否被立為女執事，皆當判歸於她受獻之同一隱修院或苦修團體，使她自己在生時得從這些財物中獲得充分的慰藉，且使那至聖的苦修團體或隱修院得以完全的所有權持有一切財產；
and those apprehended in such a crime, after lawful and judicially recognized proofs, without any strong prescription, let them afflict with the harshest penalties, and condemn them to the punishment of death. But their goods, if this has been committed against a consecrated virgin who dwells either in a community of ascetics or in a monastery, whether the same virgin be constituted a deaconess or not, let them be adjudged to the same monastery or community of ascetics where she was consecrated, so that out of these goods she herself may have a sufficient solace while she lives, and the most sacrosanct community of ascetics or monastery may hold all the property in full ownership;
87:4
sin autem diaconissa cujuscunque ecclesie sit, in nullo tamen monasterio, vel asceterio constituta, sed per se degit, rapturis ejus substantia ecclesiae cujus diaconissa est assignetur, ut ex bis facultatibus ipsa quidem usumfructum, dum superest, ab eadem ecclesia consequatur; ecclesia vero omnem proprietatem et plenam possessionem earumdem rerum nostro habeat beneficio, nemine vel judice, vel quacunque alia persona haec audente contemnere. Poenas autem, quas praediximus (id est, mortis et bonorum amissionis) constituimus non tantum adversus raptores, sed etiam contra eos qui hos comitati in ipsa invasione et rapina fuerint.
但若女執事，無論她屬於哪一個教會，卻並未被安置於任何修道院或隱修所，而是獨自度日，那麼她的財產應歸於她所屬的教會；如此，從這些資產中，她本人在世之日得從該教會領取用益權，而教會則憑我們的恩准，對這些財物擁有完全的所有權與全部的占有權，無論是法官或任何其他人，皆不得膽敢藐視此令。至於我們先前所宣告的刑罰（即死刑與財產之沒收），我們不僅針對劫掠者設立，也針對那些陪同他們、參與此種侵犯與劫掠之人。
But if the deaconess, of whatever church she may be, is yet established in no monastery or ascetery, but lives by herself, let her substance be assigned to those who plunder it... rather, let it be assigned to the church of which she is deaconess, so that from these resources she herself may obtain the usufruct from that same church while she lives; but let the church, by our grant, hold full ownership and complete possession of these same goods, no one — whether judge or any other person whatsoever — daring to despise this. As for the penalties which we have foretold (that is, of death and the loss of goods), we appoint them not only against the ravishers, but also against those who, accompanying them, have taken part in the very invasion and rapine.
87:5
Caeteros autem omnes qui conscii et ministri hujusmodi criminis reperti et convicti fuerint, vel eos susceperint, vel quamcunque opera eis tulerint, sive masculi, sive feminae sint, cujaacitnque conditionis, vel gradus, vel dignitatis, poenae capitali tantummodo subjicimus. Ut huic poenae omnes subjaceant, sive volentibus, sive nolentibus sanctimonialibus virginibus, sive aliis supradictis mulieribus, tale facinus fuerit perpetratum. Dat. xv Kalend. Decemb., CP., do. Justiniano P. P. A. III cos. 533.
但其餘所有被發現並定罪為此類罪行之共犯與幫兇者，或曾收容此等人者，或曾以任何方式給予他們協助者，無論男女，無論其身分、等級或尊位如何，我們一概只處以死刑。如此，凡此種罪行，無論是針對甘願或不甘願的聖潔貞女，或針對前述其他婦女而施行，所有人皆當受此刑罰。頒於十二月朔日前第十五日，於君士坦丁堡，當我主查士丁尼永世奧古斯都第三度執政之年，公元533年。
But all the rest who are found and convicted to have been accomplices and agents of a crime of this kind, or who have harboured such persons, or have rendered them any assistance whatsoever — whether they be male or female, of whatever condition, rank, or dignity — we subject solely to capital punishment. So that all may be liable to this penalty, whether such a deed was perpetrated against consecrated virgins willing or unwilling, or against the other aforesaid women. Given on the fifteenth day before the Kalends of December, at Constantinople, in the third consulship of our lord Justinian, Perpetual Augustus, in the year 533.