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維埃納的阿維圖斯

詩集與書信 第 188 章

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188:1
Avitus episcopus domno regi. Quæstio quam pietas vestra disserendam proposuit, tota prorsus ad interiorem figuram spiritali consideratione referenda est. Neque enim illud centuplicato fenore promittitur reformandum, quod unusquisque animo miserendi alimoniae pauperum pia professione contulerit; quia et in hac ipsa eleemosynaria largitale, in qua operantis sensus potius quam census aspicilur, non est doni quantitas pensanda, sed studii. Quo factum est per evangelicam lectionem, ut inlinitis auri argentique donariis paupertina numm duplicis præferatur eblatio. Quæ si unique viduae denatrici ad mensuram centupli redderetur, sine dubia cunctis minus reciperet qua; minus omnibus intulisset.
亞維圖斯主教致君王陛下。陛下敬虔所提出要討論的問題,必須全然藉屬靈的思考歸於那內在的表徵。因為那並非應許以百倍的利息償還,就是各人以敬虔的表白、懷憐憫之心為窮人的養活所獻出的;因為即使在這施捨的慷慨之中——在其中所看重的乃是施予者的心意而非他的財富——所當衡量的並非禮物的多寡,而是熱心的多寡。因此藉著福音的經課便有此事:那寡婦兩個小錢的貧乏奉獻,勝過無數金銀的禮物。這奉獻若按百倍的量度償還給那一位施予的寡婦,她所投入的既比眾人少,無疑所領受的也必比眾人少。
Bishop Avitus to the lord king. The question which your piety has proposed for discussion must be referred wholly and entirely, by spiritual consideration, to the inner figure. For it is not promised that this be repaid with hundredfold interest — that which each has contributed, by pious profession and with a compassionate mind, for the nourishment of the poor; because even in this very bounty of almsgiving, in which the disposition of the doer rather than his wealth is regarded, it is not the quantity of the gift that is to be weighed, but of the zeal. Whence it came about, through the Gospel reading, that the poor offering of two coins is preferred to boundless gifts of gold and silver. And if it were repaid to that one giving widow according to the measure of a hundredfold, without doubt she who had brought in less than all would receive less than all.
188:2
Unde et sanctus Petrus cum dixisset-: Ecce no. reliquimus omnia, et secuti sumus te (Matth- XIX, 27), qui certe, sicut lectio docet, nihil aliud quam retia reliquerat quibus tenuem victum piscandi artificio transigebat, responsum illi est: Omnis qui reliquerit domum, aut fratres, aut sorores, aut patrem, aut matrem aut uxorem, aut filios, aut agros propter nomen meum, centuplum accipiet, et vitam æternam possidebit. Namque cum in Scripturis sanctis centenarius numerus omni perfectione sacratus sit, discernite quod reddantur in cenluplum, non quæ tribuuntur Christi nomine, sed quæ pro Christi nomine relinquuntur:
因此,當聖彼得說:「看哪,我們已撇下一切跟從了你」(太十九27)——照經課所教導,他所撇下的無非是那藉打魚之技維持微薄生計的網——主便這樣回答他:「凡為我的名撇下房屋,或弟兄、姊妹、父親、母親、妻子、兒女、田地的,必得著百倍,並要承受永生。」既然在聖經中「一百」這數目以全備的完全被視為神聖,你當分辨:所償還百倍的,不是那些奉基督之名所施予的,乃是那些為基督之名所撇下的:
Whence also, when St. Peter had said, 'Behold, we have left all things and followed you' (Matt. 19:27) — he who certainly, as the reading teaches, had left nothing other than the nets by which he carried on a scant living by the craft of fishing — this answer was given him: 'Everyone who shall have left house, or brothers, or sisters, or father, or mother, or wife, or children, or fields for my name's sake, shall receive a hundredfold and shall possess eternal life.' For since in the Holy Scriptures the number one hundred is hallowed with all perfection, discern that there are repaid a hundredfold, not the things bestowed in Christ's name, but the things relinquished for Christ's name:
188:3
quia licet magna salutaris prosit merces eleemosynæ, incomparabiliter tamen majus est omnia dimittere, quam plurima dispensare. Quocirca definiat gloria vestra de solo istud martyrio prædicari, cnjus coronæ nullum penitus meritum humani operis exæquatur. Iste est centesimus fructus qui in futuro quidem vitam æternam exspectat, sed in præsenti quoque sæculo illatas martyribus contumelias mirificato honore compensat. Unde et alio Evangelii loco dominicus sermo testatur quod ad centenariam frugem cadens in terram bonam nutritæ sementis germen exierit.
因為施捨那救恩的賞賜雖大有益處,然而撇下一切總比施捨許多要無可比擬地更大。因此,願陛下的榮耀斷定:這百倍單是為殉道所宣告的,因為沒有任何人為工作的功德能與殉道之冠冕相等。這乃是那第一百的果子,它固然在來世等候永生,但在今世也以奇妙的尊榮補償加在殉道者身上的凌辱。因此,主的話在福音另一處也作見證:那落在好土裡、得著滋養之種子的苗,長出來結實百倍。
for although the saving reward of almsgiving profits greatly, yet it is incomparably greater to leave all things than to dispense very much. Wherefore let your glory determine that this hundredfold is proclaimed of martyrdom alone, to whose crown no merit whatever of human work is equal. This is the hundredth fruit which indeed awaits eternal life in the world to come, but which in the present age also compensates with wondrous honour the insults inflicted upon the martyrs. Whence also in another place of the Gospel the Lord's word testifies that the sprout of the well-nourished seed, falling into good ground, went forth to a hundredfold crop.
188:4
Parentes ergo, uxorem, vel filios, sive fratres pro Christi tantum consecrat nomine relinquendos, id est, cum pro asserenda nominis confessione, non tantum hnjusmodi necessitudinum, sed animarum quoque nobis corporumque facienda jactura sit. De qua divisione idem Dominus alio loco: Veni, inquit, separare filios adversus parentes, nurum adversus socrum (Matth. x, 35): id est, ut quorumlibet affectuum personæ, tendentibus nobis ad Christum, si comitari noluerint, deserantur. Excepto autem hoc sensu, propinquitates istas non semper nobis ut præjudicatas debere dimitti, et exemplis et ratione colligitur.
因此他將父母、妻子、兒女或弟兄分別為聖,唯獨為基督的名而當撇下——就是說,當為著堅持對聖名的認信,我們不僅要犧牲此類親屬之情,甚至要犧牲我們的魂與身。關於這種分別,同一位主在別處說:「我來是要叫兒子與父親相爭,媳婦與婆婆相爭」(太十35):意思是,凡各樣情感的親人,當我們奔向基督時,他們若不肯同行,就當被撇下。然而除此意義之外,從諸多例證與理性都可推知:這些親屬關係並非總是當被我們如同已受定論般地撇棄。
Therefore he consecrates parents, wife, or children, or brothers to be relinquished only for Christ's name — that is, when, for the sake of upholding the confession of the Name, we must make a sacrifice not only of such kinship-ties, but even of our souls and bodies. Concerning which division the same Lord says in another place: 'I came to set sons against their parents, the daughter-in-law against the mother-in-law' (Matt. 10:35): that is, that the persons of whatever affections, as we press on toward Christ, are to be forsaken if they refuse to accompany us. But apart from this sense, it is gathered both by examples and by reason that these kinships ought not always to be dismissed by us as though prejudged.
188:5
Nec enim et illi propinqui dimittendi sunt, qui ad cœlestes coronas contemptu sæculi calcata morte festinant; neque suadere fidelibus possumus ut conjugia vel parentes abjiciant, cum Dominus clamet quod non liceat homini dimittere uxorem. Et quod Deus, inquit, conjunxit, homo non separet (Matth. XIX, 6; Marc. x, 9). Et Apostolus protestatur (I Tim. v, 8) quod qui suis et maxime propinquis providet, fidem neget, sitque deterior infideli. Dominum Petrus, Petrum conjux propria sequebatur. Ce sante carnali usu, manebat spiritale solatium. Et comitante se Andrea germano, nec fratrem nec uxorem dimiscrat, in quorum contubernio Christi vestigiis adhærebat.
因為那些藉輕看世界、把死踐踏於腳下而奔向天上冠冕的親人,也不當被撇下;我們也不能勸信徒撇棄他們的婚姻或父母,因為主明言人不可休妻。祂說:「神所配合的,人不可分開」(太十九6;可十9)。使徒也作證(提前五8)說:人若不看顧自己的親屬,尤其是自己的家人,就是背了信德,比不信的人還不好。彼得跟從了主,彼得自己的妻子也跟從了彼得。當肉身的用處止息,屬靈的慰藉仍然存留。並且有他的兄弟安得烈相伴,他既未撇下弟兄,也未撇下妻子,卻在他們的同伴中緊隨基督的腳蹤。
For those relatives too are not to be dismissed who hasten to the heavenly crowns by contempt of the world, trampling death underfoot; nor can we persuade the faithful to cast off their marriages or their parents, since the Lord cries out that it is not lawful for a man to dismiss his wife. 'And what God has joined together,' he says, 'let not man put asunder' (Matt. 19:6; Mark 10:9). And the Apostle testifies (1 Tim. 5:8) that he who does not provide for his own, and especially for his kin, denies the faith and is worse than an unbeliever. Peter followed the Lord, and Peter's own wife followed Peter. When the carnal use had ceased, the spiritual comfort remained. And with his brother Andrew accompanying him, he had dismissed neither brother nor wife, in whose company he clung to the footsteps of Christ.
188:6
Qu ipropter personas hujusmodi non obesse nobis, sed impedire timendum est. Nam cum omnino hominum generi, ordini, dignitati obtinendum cœleste regnum divinus sermo proponat, est temerarius praedicator, necessitati principum qua; regnum divinis nutibus administrat, si omnia quæ supra diximus relinquenda suaserit; cum tamen etiam personis hujus culminis contemptus mundi suggeri, et coelorum regnum repromiui, Apostolo, sicut recolitis, protestante locupletibus (/ Tim. VI, 17-19), ut divites sint in operibus bonis, et thesaurizent sibi fundamentum bonum, ut apprehendant vcram vitam. Quibus secundum hanc sententiam agrorum sive redituum et prodesse usus poterit, si non nocuerit appetitus.
因此當懼怕的是:這類人與其說是攔阻我們,不如說是妨礙我們。因為既然神的話向各類、各等、各尊貴的人都提出當得的天國,那麼,鑒於君王之職乃是奉神的旨意治理國度,若有人勸他們撇下我們上述的一切,便是輕率的傳道者;因為即便對這等尊位之人,也可提議輕看世界並應許天國——正如你所記得的,使徒向富足人作證(提前六17-19),要他們在善事上富足,為自己積存美好的根基,好叫他們持定那真正的生命。照這話看來,田地或收益的使用甚至能對他們有益,只要對它們的貪慾不加損害。
Wherefore it is to be feared that persons of this kind do not so much obstruct us as hinder us. For since the divine word sets before every kind, rank, and dignity of men the heavenly kingdom to be obtained, he is a rash preacher who, given the office of princes that administer the kingdom at the divine bidding, should advise that all the things we said above must be relinquished; whereas even to persons of this eminence contempt of the world may be suggested and the kingdom of heaven promised — the Apostle, as you recall, testifying to the wealthy (1 Tim. 6:17-19) that they should be rich in good works, and lay up for themselves a good foundation, so as to lay hold of the true life. To whom, according to this sentence, even the use of fields or revenues will be able to profit, if the craving for them does no harm.
188:7
Est tamen et aliud sanctitatis genus, in quo si tempus persecutionis assistat, martyrium quoddam plena confessio queat imitari. Si quis enim anliquam parentum consuetudinem sive sectam melius credendo commutet, nec teneatur privilegio consuetudinis, cum veritas provocat ad dilectionem salutis, uliliter hic parentes, fratres, sororesque dimittit: velut Abraham dives, qui cunctis coelestibus donis fruens, filiis, famulis, auro, argento, palrimonio, matrimonio recte usus, patriæ se tamen et cognationi suæ voto mutandae religionis excussit, et imminente jam senio, signum circumcisionis quo Christianitas figurabatur, accipiens, provectos jam per ætatem conversione pueros fieri posse præmonuit.
然而還有另一種聖潔,在其中,若逼迫的時候臨近,完全的認信便能效法某種殉道。因為若有人藉更好的信仰改變了他父母古老的習俗或宗派,並不被習俗的特權所拘束,當真理召人去愛慕救恩時,這人便有益地撇下父母、弟兄與姊妹:正如那富有的亞伯拉罕,他享有一切屬天的恩賜,正當地使用兒女、僕役、金、銀、產業與婚姻,卻仍以更改宗教的誓願擺脫了本鄉與親族;並且在年老已近之時,領受了那預表基督信仰的割禮的記號,藉此預示:那些年歲已高之人也能藉歸信而成為孩童。
Yet there is also another kind of sanctity, in which, if a time of persecution be at hand, a full confession may imitate a certain martyrdom. For if anyone should change the ancient custom or sect of his parents by believing better, and not be held fast by the privilege of custom, when truth summons to the love of salvation, this man usefully dismisses parents, brothers, and sisters: like the rich Abraham, who, enjoying all heavenly gifts, and rightly using sons, servants, gold, silver, patrimony, and marriage, nevertheless shook himself free from his fatherland and his kindred by a vow to change his religion; and, with old age now impending, receiving the sign of circumcision by which Christianity was prefigured, he foreshowed that those already advanced in age can become children by conversion.
188:8
De quibus et propheticus sermo: Puer, inquit, centum annorum morietur (Isai. LXV, 20): id est centuplum accipiet quod puer factus est; quem praefata sacrati numeri pluralitate praestantem, sicut aetate matura vivendi novitas fecit pucrum, sic custodita renovatio immortalis faciet longaevitate profectum.
關於他,先知的話也說:「孩童必活到一百歲才死」(賽六十五20):就是說,他既成了孩童,便要領受百倍;他因上述那神聖數目的豐盛而卓越,正如生命的更新在他成熟之年使他成為孩童,照樣,這樣保守的更新也要使他成為進入不朽長壽之人。
Of whom the prophetic word also says: 'The child a hundred years old shall die' (Isa. 65:20): that is, he shall receive a hundredfold in that he has been made a child; whom, excelling by the aforesaid plurality of the sacred number, just as the newness of living made him a child in his mature age, so the renewal thus preserved shall make him one who has advanced into immortal longevity.
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