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游斯丁護教辭與對話 第 3-2 章

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3-2:1
Ἐγώ σοι, ἔφην, ἐρῶ γέ μοι καταφαίνεται. Ἔστι γὰρ τῷ ὄντι φιλοσοφία μέγιστον κτῆμα καὶ τιμιώτατον θεῷ. τε προσάγει καὶ συνίστησιν ἡμᾶς μόνη, καὶ ὅσιοι ὡς ἀληθῶς οὗτοί εἰσιν οἱ φιλοσοφίᾳ τὸν νοῦν προσεσχηκότες. Τί ποτε δέ ἐστι φιλοσοφία καὶ οὗ χάριν κατεπέμφθη εἰς τοὺς ἀνθρώπους, τοὺς πολλοὺς λέληθεν; οὐ γὰρ ἂν Πλατωνικοὶ ἦσαν οὐδὲ Στωϊκοὶ οὐδὲ Περιπατητικοὶ οὐδὲ Θεωρητικοὶ οὐδὲ Πυθαγορικοί, μιᾶς οὔσης ταύτης ἐπιστήμης
我說:「我要告訴你,那在我看來確是如此的。因為哲學實在是最大的產業,是在神眼中最為寶貴的,惟有它引領我們、使我們與神聯合,而那些將心思專注於哲學的人才是真正聖潔的。但哲學是甚麼,又為何緣故被差下到人間,這卻是大多數人所不曉得的;否則便不會有柏拉圖派、斯多亞派、逍遙派、理論派、畢達哥拉斯派了,因為這知識原是一個。」
"I will tell you," I said, "what indeed appears to me. For philosophy is in truth the greatest possession, and the most honorable in the sight of God, to whom alone it leads us and unites us, and those are truly holy who have applied their mind to philosophy. But what philosophy is, and for what reason it was sent down to men, has escaped the notice of most; for otherwise there would not be Platonists, nor Stoics, nor Peripatetics, nor Theoretics, nor Pythagoreans, since this knowledge is one."
3-2:2
Οὗ δὲ χάριν πολύκρανος ἐγενήθη, θέλω εἰπεῖν. Συνέβη τοῖς πρώτοις ἁψαμένοις αὐτῆς καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἐνδόξοις γενομένοις ἀκολουθῆσαι τοὺς ἔπειτα μηδὲν ἐξετάσαντας ἀληθείας πέρι, καταπλαγέντας δὲ μόνον τὴν καρτερίαν αὐτῶν καὶ τὴν ἐγκράτειαν καὶ τὸ ξένον τῶν λόγων ταῦτα ἀληθῆ νομίσαιἅ παρὰ τοῦ διδασκάλου ἕκαστος ἔμαθεν, εἶτα καὶ αὐτούς, τοῖς ἔπειτα παραδόντας τοιαῦτα ἅττα καὶ ἄλλα τούτοις προσεοικότα, τοῦτο κληθῆναι τοὔνομα, ὅπερ ἐκαλεῖτο πατὴρ τοῦ λόγου
如今我願說明哲學為何成了多頭的。事情是這樣:那些最先研習哲學、並因此聲名遠播的人,後來的人便跟隨他們,卻全然不去探究真理為何,只因驚嘆於他們的堅忍、自制以及言論的新奇,就以為各人從自己老師所學的便是真的。這些人又把這類教義以及與此相似的別樣教義傳給後人,於是各派便以那作為其學說之父的人的名字來命名。
Now I will tell you why philosophy became many-headed. It happened that those who first took it up, and who through it became renowned, were followed by men who made no inquiry whatever concerning the truth, but, being merely struck with admiration at their teachers' endurance and self-control and the novelty of their words, supposed those things to be true which each had learned from his own teacher. These men in turn handed down to those after them such doctrines and others like them, and so the school came to be called by the name of him who was the father of that doctrine.
3-2:3
Ἐγώ τε κατ ἀρχὰς οὕτω ποθῶν καὶ αὐτὸς συμβαλεῖν τούτων ἑνί, ἐπέδωκα ἐμαυτὸν Στωϊκῷ τινι· καὶ διατρίψας ἱκανὸν μετ αὐτοῦ χρόνον, ἐπεὶ οὐδὲν πλέον ἐγίνετό μοι περὶ θεοῦ (οὐδὲ γὰρ αὐτὸς ἠπίστατο, οὐδὲ ἀναγκαίαν ἔλεγε ταύτην εἶναι τὴν μάθησιν), τούτου μὲν ἀπηλλάγην, ἐπ ἄλλον δὲ ἦκα, Περιπατητικὸν καλούμενον, δριμ(??)ν, ὡς ᾤετο. Καί μου ἀνασχόμενος οὗτος τὰς πρώτας ἡμέρας ἠξίου με ἔπειτα μισθὸν ὁρίσαι, ὡς μὴ ἀνωφελὴς συνουσία γίνοιτο ἡμῖν. Καὶ αὐτὸν ἐγὼ διὰ ταύτην τὴν αἰτίαν κατέλιπον, μηδὲ φιλόσοφον οἰηθεὶς ὅλως
我自己起初也這樣渴望與這些學派中的一派往來,便投到一位斯多亞派門下。與他相處了相當長的時日後,我在關於神的事上卻一無所得——因為他自己也不曉得,甚至說這類學問並非必要——於是我便離開他,轉投另一位,名為逍遙派的,他自以為是個精明的人。他容忍了我頭幾天,隨後便要我議定學費,免得我們的相處對彼此毫無益處。我也正因此緣故離開了他,斷定他根本算不得哲學家。
I myself, at the outset, longing in this way to consort with one of these schools, gave myself over to a certain Stoic. After spending a considerable time with him, when I had gained nothing further concerning God—for he himself did not know, nor did he say that such instruction was necessary—I parted from him and went to another, called a Peripatetic, a shrewd man, as he thought himself. After putting up with me for the first few days, he then asked me to settle on a fee, so that our association should not be unprofitable to us. For this very reason I left him too, judging him to be no philosopher at all.
3-2:4
Τῆς δὲ ψυχῆς ἔτι μου σπαργώσης ἀκοῦσαι τὸ ἴδιον καὶ τὸ ἐξαίρετον τῆς φιλοσοφίας, προσῆλθον εὐδοκιμοῦντι μάλιστα Πυθαγορείῳ, ἀνδρὶ πολὺ ἐπὶ τῇ σοφίᾳ φρονοῦντι. Κἄπειτα ὡς διελέχθην αὐτῷ, βουλόμενος ἀκροατὴς αὐτοῦ καὶ συνουσιαστὴς γενέσθαι· Τί δαί; Ὡμίλησας, ἔφη, μουσικῆ καὶ ἀστρονομίᾳ καὶ γεωμετρίᾳ; δοκεῖς κατόψεσθαί τι τῶν εἰς εὐδαιμονίαν συντελούντων, εἰ μὴ ταῦτα πρῶτον διδαχθείης, τὴν ψυχὴν ἀπὸ τῶν αἰσθητῶν περισπάσει καὶ τοῖς νοητοῖς αὐτὴν παρασκευάσει χρησίμην, ὥστε αὐτὸ κατιδεῖν τὸ καλὸν καὶ αὐτὸ ἐστιν ἀγαθόν
但我的靈魂仍渴望聽見哲學中那專屬而卓越之物,便去見一位極富盛名的畢達哥拉斯派學者,這人對自己的智慧頗為自負。我與他交談後,願作他的聽眾與門徒,他卻說:「怎麼?你研習過音樂、天文與幾何嗎?還是你以為,若不先學這些能使靈魂脫離感官之物、使之適於領悟心智之物的學問,你就能洞見任何導向幸福之事,得以親見美的本體與善的真相?」
But since my soul was still yearning to hear what is proper and distinctive in philosophy, I went to a Pythagorean of great repute, a man who prided himself much on his wisdom. And then, when I had spoken with him, wishing to become his hearer and disciple, he said: 'Well now? Have you studied music and astronomy and geometry? Or do you suppose you will perceive any of the things that lead to happiness, unless you are first taught these subjects, which draw the soul away from the things of sense and make it fit for the things of the mind, so that it may behold the beautiful itself and the good as it truly is?'
3-2:5
Πολλά τε ἐπαινέσας ταῦτα τὰ μαθήματα καὶ ἀναγκαῖα εἰπὼν ἀπέπεμπέ με, ἐπεὶ αὐτῷ ὡμολόγησα μὴ εἰδέναι. Ἐδυσφόρουν οὖν, ὡς τὸ εἰκός, ἀποτυχὼν τῆς ἐλπίδος, καὶ μᾶλλον ἐπίστασθαί τι αὐτὸν ᾠόμην· πάλιν τε τὸν χρόνον σκοπῶν, ὅν ἔμελλον ἐκτρίβειν περὶ ἐκεῖνα τὰ μαθήματα, οὐκ ἠνειχόμην εἰς μακρὰν ἀποτιθέμενος
他大大稱讚了這些學問,並宣稱它們是必要的,因我向他承認自己不懂,便把我打發走了。於是我自然心中苦惱,因希望落空,更因我曾以為他確有真知。再者,當我衡量自己得在那些學問上耗費的光陰,便無法忍受把事情拖延這麼久。
And after praising these studies at length and declaring them necessary, he sent me away, since I had confessed to him that I did not know them. So I was distressed, as was natural, having failed of my hope, and the more so because I had thought him to possess some real knowledge. Then again, reckoning the time I would have to wear away over those subjects, I could not endure to put things off so long.
3-2:6
Ἐν ἀμηχανίᾳ δέ μου ὄντος ἔδοξέ μοι καὶ τοῖς Πλατωνικοῖς ἐντυχεῖν· πολ(??) γὰρ καὶ τούτων ἦν κλέος. Καὶ δὴ νεωστὶ ἐπιδημήσαντι τῇ ἡμετέρᾳ πόλει συνετῷ ἀνδρὶ καὶ προὔχοντι ἐν τοῖς Πλατωνικοῖς συνδιέτριβον ὡς τὰ μάλιστα, καὶ προέκοπτον καὶ πλεῖστον ὅσον ἑκάστης ἡμέρας ἐπεδίδουν. Καί με ᾕρει σφόδρα τῶν ἀσωμάτων νόησις, καὶ θεωρία τῶν ἰδεῶν· ἀνεπτέρου μοι τὴν φρόνησιν, ὀλίγου τε ἐντὸς χρόνου ᾤμην σοφὸς γεγονέναι, καὶ ὑπὸ βλακείας ἤλπιζον αὐτίκα κατόψεσθαι τὸν θεόν· τοῦτο γὰρ τέλος τῆς Πλάτωνος φιλοσοφίας
正當我不知所措時,我想到也該去請教柏拉圖派的人,因他們的名聲也甚大。於是我與一位聰慧之人交往甚久,他在柏拉圖派中聲望卓著,新近遷居到我們的城裡;我天天竭力長進、不斷進步。無形之物的領悟深深抓住了我,而對「理型」的默觀更使我的悟性如生雙翼;不多時我便自以為已得了智慧,並在愚昧中盼望立刻就能親見神——因為這正是柏拉圖哲學的終極目標。
While I was at a loss, it occurred to me to consult the Platonists too, for their fame also was great. And so I spent a great deal of time with an intelligent man, eminent among the Platonists, who had recently settled in our city; and I made progress and advanced as much as possible every day. The perception of incorporeal things took strong hold of me, and the contemplation of the Ideas gave wings to my understanding; and within a little while I supposed I had become wise, and in my foolishness I hoped presently to behold God—for this is the goal of Plato's philosophy.
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